Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk). Latest update: December 31st, 2022. Taxonomy of the family Scincidae Bibliography of the genus Sphenomorphus Biodiversity of the family Scincidae Genus Sphenomorphus Indo-Pacific Forest Skinks, (Slender Skinks) Waldskinke Indo-Pacifiske Skovskinker 1843 Sphenomorphus Fitzinger (type species: Gongylus melanopogon Dumeril & Bibron 1839) 1845 Elania Gray [not Elania Sundevall 1835] (type species: Scincus mülleri Schlegel 1837; syn. Mittleman 1952) 1853 Lissonota Blyth [not Lissonota Gravenhorst 1829] (type species: Lissonota maculata Blyth 1853; syn. Mittleman 1952) 1914 Parotosaurus Boulenger (type species: Lygosoma annectens Boulenger 1897; syn. Greer & Parker 1967) 1937 Ictiscincus Smith [substitute name for Elania Gray 1845] (Mittleman 1952; Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983) 2008 Livorimica Eremchenko (type species: Livorimica bacboensis Eremchenko 2008; syn. Nguyen, Schmitz, Nguyen, Orlov, Böhme & Ziegler 2011) Contents: 119 species, of which 89 (74.8%) are endemic. Endemism: 0% 100% Remarks: For a long time Sphenomorphus was used as a catch-all genus, comprising a large number of species, of which many were not closely related, however. Several of these have now been separated into new or revalidated genera (Calyptotis, Concinnia, Ctenotus, Eremiascincus, Eulamprus, Glaphyromorphus, Insulasaurus, Lankascincus, Leptoseps, Otosaurus, Parvoscincus, Pinoyscincus, Silvascincus, Tumbunascincus, Tytthoscincus, as well as some species (assata, cherriei, incerta, rara, devorator) now assigned to Scincella) and more genera will undoubtedly be separated in the future, when further knowledge of this large group of skinks is obtained. Includes one Asian species (bacboensis), formerly placed in a separate genus, Livorimica, and another (tetradactylus), formerly placed in Leptoseps. Distribution: S. and E. Asia, Malay Archipelago, W. Pacific Ocean. Reported from: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong [incl. Nan Ao Island], Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Zhejiang), East Timor, India (Andaman & Nicobar Islands [Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands], Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal), Indonesia (Adonara, Alor, Ambon, Aru Islands, Babar Islands, Bacan, Bali, Banda Islands, Batanta, Besar (off Flores), Biak, Buton, Damar, Flores, Gorong Archipelago, Groot-Bastaard, Halmahera, Java, Kabaena, Kai Islands, Kalimantan, Komodo, Lombok, Misool, Morotai, Nias, Numfoor, Padar, Panaitan, Peucang, Rinca, Salawati, Semau, Seram, Sipura, Sula Islands, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Sumba, Sumbawa, Supiori, Ternate, Tinjil, Togian Islands, Waigeo, West Timor, Western New Guinea, Wetar, Yapen), Laos, Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, West Malaysia [incl. Langkawi Archipelago, Penang Island, Seribuat Archipelago (incl. Aur, Pemanggil, Tioman)]), Myanmar, Nepal, Palau, Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Archipelago [Admiralty Islands (Manus), Duke of York, New Britain, New Ireland, Umboi], d'Entrecasteaux Islands [Fergusson, Normanby], Eastern New Guinea, Louisiade Archipelago [Misima, Rossel, Sudest], Woodlark, North Solomon Islands [Bougainville, Buka], Trobriand Islands), Philippines (Bohol, Camiguin Sur, Dinagat, Leyte, Mantique, Mindanao, Panay, Samar, Sulu Islands [incl. Basilan, Bitinan, Bongao, Bubuan, Butinian, Jolo, Sangasanga, Takela, Tawi-Tawi]), Singapore, Solomon Islands (incl. Taumako, Guadalcanal, Santa Cruz Islands), Sri Lanka, Taiwan (incl. Lanyu Island), Thailand, Vietnam (incl. Cat Ba Island). Sphenomorphus acutus Sharp-nosed Forest Skink, Pointed-headed Skink Spitzschnäuziger Waldskink Spidssnudet Skovskink 1864 Lygosoma acutum Peters Hinulia acutum Günther 1879 Sphenomorphus acutus Taylor 1922 Distribution: Philippines (Bohol, Dinagat, Leyte, Mindanao, Samar). Sphenomorphus aignanus Misima Forest Skink Misima-Waldskink Misima-skovskink 1898 Lygosoma aignanum Boulenger Sphenomorphus aignanus Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (d'Entrecasteaux Islands [Fergusson, Normanby], Eastern New Guinea, Louisiade Archipelago [Misima, Rossel]), Woodlark, Trobriand Islands). Sphenomorphus alfredi Savu Forest Skink, (Alfred's Forest Skink) Savu-Waldskink Savu-skovskink 1898 Lygosoma alfredi Boulenger Sphenomorphus alfredi Mittleman 1952 Remarks: According to Inger, Tan, Lakim & Yambun (2001), alfredi may not be a Bornean species, in which case the distribution is unknown. Nevertheless, it is provisionally retained herein as a species from Sabah. Distribution: Malaysia (Sabah). Sphenomorphus amabilis Amiable Forest Skink Nymphen-Waldskink Nymfe-skovskink 1895 Lygosoma amabile Müller [1894] Sphenomorphus amabilis Malkmus 1993 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of nigrolabris (e.g., Rooij 1915). Revalidated as a separate species by Malkmus (1993, 2000), followed by Koch (2012). Distribution: Indonesia (Sulawesi). Sphenomorphus amblyplacodes West Irian Forest Skink Westpapuanischer Waldskink Vestpapuansk Skovskink 1932 Lygosoma amblyplacodes Vogt Sphenomorphus amblyplacodes Greer & Parker 1967 Remarks: Regarded as a synonym of S. megaspilus papuensis (now a synonym of meyeri) by Loveridge (1948). Distribution: Indonesia (Western New Guinea). Sphenomorphus annamiticus Annam Forest Skink Annam-Waldskink Annam-skovskink 1901 Lygosoma annamiticum Boettger Sphenomorphus annamiticus Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Poyarkov, Neang, Orlov, Thammachoti & Hun 2019 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of stellatus (e.g., Taylor 1963). Revalidated as a separate species by Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Poyarkov, Neang, Orlov, Thammachoti & Hun (2019). Distribution: Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam. Sphenomorphus annectens Moroka Forest Skink Moroka-Waldskink Moroka-skovskink 1897 Lygosoma annectens Boulenger Otosaurus annectens Smith 1937 Sphenomorphus annectens Greer & Parker 1967 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus anomalopus Penang Forest Skink, Long-toed Forest Skink, Sumatran Forest Skink Penang-Waldskink Penang-skovskink 1890 Lygosoma anomalopum Boulenger Otosaurus anomalopus Smith 1937 Sphenomorphus anomalopus Mittleman 1952 1896 Lygosoma paradoxum Werner (Boulenger 1912) Distribution: Indonesia (Nias, Sumatra), Malaysia (West Malaysia [incl. Penang Island]). Sphenomorphus anotus Morobe Forest Skink Morobe-Waldskink Morobe-skovskink 1973 Sphenomorphus anotus Greer Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus apalpebratus Meghalaya Forest Skink Meghalaya-Waldskink Meghalaya-skovskink 2013 Sphenomorphus apalpebratus Datta-Roy, Das, Bauer, Tron & Karanth Distribution: India (Meghalaya). Sphenomorphus bacboensis Bacbo Dwarf Skink, Bacbo Skink, Vietnamese Small Lygosomine Bacbo-Waldskink Bacbo-skovskink 2008 Livorimica bacboensis Eremchenko Sphenomorphus bacboensis Nguyen, Schmitz, Nguyen, Orlov, Böhme & Ziegler 2011 Remarks: Previously confused with Scincella melanosticta (Nguyen, Nguyen, Böhme & Ziegler 2010). Distribution: Vietnam. Sphenomorphus bignelli Kolombangara Forest Skink Kolombangara-Waldskink Kolombangara-skovskink 1932 Sphenomorphus bignelli Schmidt Distribution: Solomon Islands (incl. Guadalcanal). Sphenomorphus brunneus Chimbu Forest Skink Chimbu-Waldskink Chimbu-skovskink 1974 Sphenomorphus brunneus Greer & Parker Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus buenloicus Buon Luoi Forest Skink Buon-Luoi-Waldskink Buon Luoi-skovskink 1983 Sphenomorphus buenloicus Darevsky & Nguyen Distribution: Cambodia, Vietnam. Sphenomorphus buettikoferi Mount Liang Kubung Forest Skink, (Büttikofer's Forest Skink) Liang-Kubung-Waldskink Liang Kubung-skovskink 1905 Lygosoma büttikoferi Lidth de Jeude Sphenomorphus buttikoferi Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Indonesia (Kalimantan). Sphenomorphus cameronicus Cameron Highlands Forest Skink Cameron-Waldskink Cameron-skovskink 1924 Sphenomorphus cameronicus Smith Lygosoma cameronicum Smith 1930 Remarks: Status uncertain (Denzer & Manthey 1991). Distribution: Malaysia (West Malaysia). Sphenomorphus capitholythos Kai Islands Forest Skink Kai-Waldskink Kai-skovskink 1926 Lygosoma keiensis Kopstein [not Lygosoma cyanogaster keiensis Sternfeld 1918] (Shea & Michels 2008) Sphenomorphus keiensis Greer & Parker 1967 2008 Lygosoma capitholythos [substitute name for Lygosoma keiensis Kopstein 1926] Shea & Michels 2008 Remarks: Records from New Guinea (e.g., Whitaker, Whitaker & Mills 1982 [as keiensis]; Welch, Cooke & Wright 1990 [as keiensis]) are considered erroneous and refer to other species. Distribution: Indonesia (Kai Islands). Sphenomorphus celebense Sulawesi Forest Skink Sulawesi-Waldskink Sulawesi-skovskink 1894 Lygosoma celebense Müller Otosaurus celebense Smith 1937 Sphenomorphus celebense Greer & Parker 1967 Remarks: Status uncertain (Reptile Database). Distribution: Indonesia (Sulawesi). Sphenomorphus cinereus Ashy Forest Skink Aschgrauer Waldskink Askegrå Skovskink 1974 Sphenomorphus cinereus Greer & Parker Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus concinnatus Elegant Forest Skink Venus-Waldskink Venus-skovskink 1887 Lygosoma concinnatus Boulenger Sphenomorphus concinnatus Barbour 1912 Otosaurus concinnatum Smith 1937 1918 Lygosoma (Otosaurus) wolfi Sternfeld [not Lygosoma (Hinulia) maindroni wolfi Sternfeld 1918] (Burt & Burt 1932) 1924 Otosaurus sternfeldi Mertens [substitute name for Lygosoma (Otosaurus) wolfi Sternfeld 1918] Remarks: See under wolfi. Distribution: Papua New Guinea (North Solomon Islands: Bougainville), Solomon Islands (incl. Guadalcanal). Sphenomorphus consobrinus Bacan Forest Skink Bacan-Waldskink Bacan-skovskink 1878 Lygosoma consobrinum Peters & Doria Sphenomorphus consobrinus Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Indonesia (Bacan, Halmahera, Morotai). Sphenomorphus courcyanus Indian Brown Forest Skink Indischer Brauner Waldskink Indisk Brun Skovskink 1912 Lygosoma courcyanum Annandale Sphenomorphus courcyanus Mittleman 1952 Distribution: China (Tibet), India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram). Sphenomorphus cranei Santa Isabel Forest Skink, (Crane's Skink) Santa-Isabel-Waldskink Santa Isabel-skovskink 1932 Sphenomorphus cranei Schmidt Distribution: Papua New Guinea (North Solomon Islands: Bougainville), Solomon Islands (incl. Guadalcanal). Sphenomorphus crassus Thick Forest Skink Dicker Waldskink Tyk Skovskink 2001 Sphenomorphus crassa Inger, Tan, Lakim & Yambun Distribution: Malaysia (Sabah). Sphenomorphus cryptotis Depressed-eared Forest Skink, Earless Forest Skink Ohrloser Waldskink Øreløs Skovskink 2004 Sphenomorphus cryptotis Darevsky, Orlov & Cuc Distribution: China (Guangxi), Vietnam. Sphenomorphus cyanolaemus Blue-throated Forest Skink, Blue-headed Forest Skink, Blue-throated Litter Skink, Blue-sided Slender Skink, Blue-bellied Litter Skink Blaukehl-Waldskink Blåstrubet Skovskink 1965 Sphenomorphus cyanolaemus Inger & Hosmer Distribution: Brunei, Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, West Malaysia). Sphenomorphus darlingtoni Begonia Skink Begonia-Waldskink Begonia-skovskink 1945 Tropidophorus darlingtoni Loveridge Sphenomorphus darlingtoni Greer & Parker 1967 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus dekkerae Doberai Forest Skink Doberai-Waldskink Doberai-skovskink 2017 Sphenomorphus dekkerae Shea Distribution: Indonesia (Western New Guinea). Sphenomorphus derooyae Doorman Peak Forest Skink Doorman-Peak-Waldskink Doorman Peak-skovskink 1927 Lygosoma de rooyae De Jong Sphenomorphus derooyae Mittleman 1952 Remarks: This species has often been confused in the literature with wolfi, but is now believed to be restricted to the New Guinea mainland (Allison & Bigilale 2001). Previously included papuae. Distribution: Indonesia (Western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus diwata Diwata Mountains Forest Skink Diwata-Waldskink Diwata-skovskink 1967 Lygosoma diwata Brown & Rabor Sphenomorphus diwata Brown & Alcala 1980 Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao). Sphenomorphus dussumieri Malabar Forest Skink, (Dussumier's Litter Skink, Common Indian Forest Skink) Malabar-Waldskink Malabar-skovskink 1839 Lygosoma dussumieri Dumeril & Bibron Eumeces dussumieri Beddome 1870 Hinulia dussumieri Stoliczka 1872 Lygosoma dussumieri Deraniyagala 1931 Sphenomorphus dussumieri Taylor 1950 1905 Lygosoma dussumieri concolor Annandale (Smith 1935) Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka. Sphenomorphus fasciatus Philippine Banded Forest Skink Philippinischer Gebänderter Waldskink Filippinsk Båndet Skovskink 1845 Hinulia fasciata Gray Lygosoma fasciatum Peters 1872 Sphenomorphus fasciatus Taylor 1917 Distribution: Indonesia (Sulawesi), Philippines (Bohol, Camiguin Sur, Dinagat, Leyte, Mantique, Mindanao, Panay, Samar, Sulu Islands [incl. Basilan, Takela]). Sphenomorphus forbesii Sogere Slender Forest Skink, Slender Litter Skink Sogere-Waldskink Sogere-skovskink 1888 Lygosoma forbesii Boulenger Sphenomorphus forbesi Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (d'Entrecasteaux Islands [Fergusson, Normanby], Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus fragilis Hall Sound Forest Skink Hall-Sound-Waldskink Hall Sound-skovskink 1877 Lygosoma fragile Macleay Sphenomorphus fragilis Greer & Parker 1979 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus fragosus Bougainville Black-Lined Forest Skink Schwarzstreifiger Bougainville-Waldskink Sortstribet Bougainville-skovskink 1967 Sphenomorphus fragosus Greer & Parker Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea, North Solomon Islands [Bougainville]). Sphenomorphus fuscolineatus Dark-lined Forest Skink Dunkelstreifiger Waldskink Mørkstribet Skovskink 2004 Sphenomorphus fuscolineatus Greer & Shea Distribution: Indonesia (Western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus grandisonae Thai Dwarf Forest Skink, (Grandison's Forest Skink) Thailändischer Zwerg-Waldskink Thailandsk Dværgskovskink 1962 Sphenomorphus grandisonae Taylor Distribution: Thailand. Sphenomorphus granulatus Southeast Papuan Forest Skink Südostpapuanischer Waldskink Sydøstpapuansk Skovskink 1903 Lygosoma granulatum Boulenger Otosaurus granulatum Smith 1937 Sphenomorphus granulatus Greer & Parker 1967 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (d'Entrecasteaux Islands [Fergusson, Normanby], Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus haasi Sarawak Forest Skink, (Haas' Litter Skink, Haas' Forest Skink) Sarawak-Waldskink Sarawak-skovskink 1965 Sphenomorphus haasi Inger & Hosmer Distribution: Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak). Sphenomorphus helenae Nothaburi Forest Skink, (Helen’s Forest Skink) Nonthaburi-Waldskink Nonthaburi-skovskink 1927 Sphenomorphus helenae Cochran Lygosoma helenæ Smith 1935 Distribution: Thailand. Sphenomorphus incognitus Koshun Forest Skink Koshun-Waldskink Koshun-skovskink 1912 Lygosoma incognita Thompson Sphenomorphus incognitus Mittleman 1952 1912 Sphenomorphus boulengeri Van Denburgh (Zhao & Adler 1993) 1925 Sphenomorphus leveretti Schmidt (Zhao & Adler 1993) Remarks: Some authors have regarded boulengeri as the valid name for this species (e.g., Sharma 2002, Ota & Lue 1994). Sharma (2002) stated that some previous records of indicus in the eastern Himalayas refer to this species. Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Tibet, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (West Bengal), Taiwan, Vietnam. Sphenomorphus indicus Common Indian Forest Skink, Himalayan Forest Skink, East Himalayan Forest Skink, Himalayan Litter Skink, Large Forest Skink, (Brown Forest Skink, Common Indian Forest Skink) Indischer Waldskink Almindelig Indisk Skovskink 1853 Hinulia indica Gray Eumeces indicus Anderson 1871 Lygosoma indicum Boulenger 1887 Sphenomorphus indicus Stejneger 1907 1887 Lygosoma zebratum Boulenger (Smith 1935) 1905 Lygosoma cacharense Annandale (Taylor 1963) 1912 Lygosoma formosensis Thompson (Zhao & Adler 1993) 1912 Sphenomorphus indicus formosensis Van Denburgh (Zhao & Adler 1993) Sphenomorphus formosensis Pope 1929 1922 Lygosoma indicum multilineatum Werner (Zhao & Adler 1993) 1922 Lygosoma indicum taeniatum Werner (Zhao & Adler 1993) Remarks: A complex of morphologically close species which needs study (Schleich & Kästle (eds.) 2002). Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong [incl. Nan Ao Island], Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Andaman & Nicobar Islands [Andaman Islands], Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, West Bengal), Laos, Malaysia (West Malaysia [incl. Langkawi Archipelago]), Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan (incl. Lanyu Island), Thailand, Vietnam (incl. Cat Ba Island). Sphenomorphus jeudei Northeast Papuan Forest Skink Nordostpapuanischer Waldskink Nordøstpapuansk Skovskink 1897 Lygosoma tigrina Lidth de Jeude [not Hinulia tigrina De Vis 1888] 1914 Lygosoma jeudii Boulenger [substitute name for Lygosoma tigrina Lidth de Jeude 1897] Lygosoma jeudei Rooij 1915 [emendation] Lygosoma pratti jeudei Loveridge 1948 Sphenomorphus jeudei Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus jobiensis Yapen Forest Skink Yapen-Waldskink Yapen-skovskink 1874 Lygosoma jobiensis Meyer Lygosoma jobiense Boulenger 1887 Sphenomorphus jobiensis Barbour 1912 Otosaurus jobiense Smith 1937 Lygosoma variegatum jobiense Loveridge 1948 1874 Eumeces aruensis Doria (Zweifel 1980) Lygosoma aruense Loveridge 1948 Sphenomorphus aruensis Mittleman 1952 1887 Lygosoma rufum Boulenger (Loveridge 1948 [as syn. of aruensis]) Remarks: Probably a species complex (Donnellan & Aplin 1989; Allison, Bickford, Richards & Torr 1998, Allison & Bigilale 2001). In New Ireland, at least two different forms are covered by the name jobiensis (Allison & Bigilale 2001). Loveridge (1948) considered rufum a synonym of aruanum (now a synonym of undulatus). Loveridge (1948) applied the name aruense to populations later described as leptofasciatus (Greer & Parker 1974; Zweifel 1980). Distribution: Indonesia (Aru Islands, Morotai, Salawati, Western New Guinea, Yapen), Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Archipelago [Admiralty Islands (Manus), Duke of York, New Britain, New Ireland, Umboi], d'Entrecasteaux Islands [Fergusson], Eastern New Guinea, Louisiade Archipelago [Misima, Rossel], Trobriand Islands). Sphenomorphus kinabaluensis Kinabalu Forest Skink, Gunung Kinabalu Forest Skink, Kinabalu Litter Skink Kinabalu-Waldskink Kinabalu-skovskink 1895 Lygosoma kinabaluensis Bartlett Otosaurus kinabaluense Smith 1937 Sphenomorphus kinabaluensis Inger 1958 Distribution: Malaysia (Sabah). Sphenomorphus latifasciatus Broad-banded Forest Skink Breitbändiger Waldskink Bredbåndet Skovskink 1874 Lygosoma latifasciatum Meyer Lygosoma mülleri latifasciatum De Rooij 1915 Sphenomorphus latifasciatus Mittleman 1952 1879 Elania annulata Sauvage (Boulenger 1887) 1911 Lygosoma tornieri Vogt (G. Shea in the Reptile Database, viewed 2013 03 31) Sphenomorphus tornieri Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Indonesia (Western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus leptofasciatus Narrow-banded Forest Skink Schmalbändiger Waldskink Smalbåndet Skovskink 1974 Sphenomorphus leptofasciatus Greer & Parker Remarks: Loveridge (1948) applied the name aruense to populations later described as leptofasciatus (Greer & Parker 1974; Zweifel 1980). Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus lineopunctulatus Southeast Asian Spot-lined Forest Skink, Line-spotted Forest Skink Süostasiatischer Fleckenstreifen-Waldskink Sydøstasiatisk Pletstribet Skovskink 1962 Sphenomorphus lineopunctulatus Taylor Distribution: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand. Sphenomorphus longicaudatus Long-tailed Forest Skink Langschwanz-Waldskink Langhalet Skovskink 1915 Lygosoma longicaudatum De Rooij Sphenomorphus longicaudatus Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Indonesia (Western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus loriae Bartholomew Range Forest Skink Bartholomew-Waldskink Bartholomew-skovskink 1897 Lygosoma loriae Boulenger Sphenomorphus loriae Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus louisiadensis Rossel Island Forest Skink Rossel-Waldskink Rossel-skovskink 1903 Lygosoma louisiadense Boulenger Sphenomorphus louisiadensis Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Louisiade Archipelago: Rossel). Sphenomorphus maculatus Spotted Forest Skink, Spotted Litter Skink, Streamside Skink, Sikkimese Forest Skink, (Common Forest Skink, Maculated Forest Skink) Gefleckter Waldskink Plettet Skovskink 1853 Lissonota maculata Blyth Mabuia maculata Günther 1864 Hinulia maculata Theobald 1868 Lygosoma maculatum Boulenger 1887 Sphenomorphus maculatus Pope 1935 1905 Lygosoma mitanense Annandale (Taylor 1963) 1932 Lygosoma melanochlorum Vogt (Shea & Greer 1998; Yamasaki, Hikida, Nabhitabhata, Panha & Ota 2001) Remarks: Presence in West Malaysia needs confirmation, since reports (e.g., Diong, Kiew & Lim 1995; Ibrahim, Anuar, Norhayati, Shukor, Shahriza, Nurul'Ain, Nor-Zalipah & Rayan 2006) are based on sightings only (Grismer 2011). The type locality of melanochlorus ("New Guinea") is regarded as erroneous (Shea & Greer 1998). Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China (Tibet, Yunnan), India (Andaman & Nicobar Islands [Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands], Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, West Bengal), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam. Sphenomorphus maculatus © Rune Midtgaard Sphenomorphus maculicollus White-throated Forest Skink Weisskehliger Waldskink Hvidstrubet Skovskink 1967 Sphenomorphus maculicollus Bacon Distribution: Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak). Sphenomorphus maindroni Common Papuan Forest Skink Gewöhnlicher Papuanischer Waldskink Almindelig Papuansk Skovskink 1879 Lygosoma maindroni Sauvage Sphenomorphus maindroni Hediger 1934 Lygosoma consobrinum maindroni Loveridge 1948 Remarks: This species has often been confused in the literature with wolfi (Allison & Bigilale 2001). Distribution: Indonesia (Biak, Western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus malaisei Burmese Forest Skink Burmesischer Waldskink Burmesisk Skovskink 1937 Lygosoma malaisei Rendahl Sphenomorphus malaisei Zug, Leviton, Vindum, Wogan & Koo 2010 Distribution: Myanmar. Sphenomorphus malayanus Sumatra Forest Skink Sumatra-Waldskink Sumatra-skovskink 1888 Lygosoma malayanum Doria Sphenomorphus malayanus Mittleman 1952 Remarks: Now considered restricted to Sumatra. West Malaysian populations previously assigned to this species have now been described as a separate species, senja. Also reported from Vietnam (e.g., Bobrov 1993, 1995; Darevsky & Nguyen 1983; Tran, Nguyen & Ho 1981), however, this may be due to a confusion with rufocaudatus, so malayanus is not considered present in the country (David & Ineich 2009; Nguyen, Ho & Nguyen 2009; Bain & Hurley 2011). Distribution: Indonesia (Sumatra). Sphenomorphus megaspilus Large-spotted Forest Skink Grossfleckiger Waldskink Storplettet Skovskink 1877 Hinulia megaspila Günther Lygosoma megaspila Loveridge 1948 Sphenomorphus megaspilus Mittleman 1952 1918 Lygosoma jobiense elegans Sternfeld [not Hinulia elegans Gray 1838; not Lygosoma elegans Boulenger 1897] (Loveridge 1948) Remarks: Previously included amblyplacodes. Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus melanopogon Black-bearded Forest Skink Schwarzbärtiger Waldskink Sortskægget Skovskink 1839 Gongylus melanopogon Dumeril & Bibron Lygosoma melanopogon Boulenger 1887 Sphenomorphus melanopogon Mittleman 1952 1839 Scincus naevius Duméril & Bibron (Shea 2012) Tiliqua naevia Gray 1841 Hinulia naevia Gray 1845 Lygosoma naevium Peters & Doria 1878 1891 Lygosoma florense Weber (Shea 2012) Sphenomorphus florensis Barbour 1912 1910 Lygosoma kühnei Roux (Shea 2012) Lygosoma striolatum kühnei Loveridge 1948 Sphenomorphus kuhnei Mittleman 1952 Sphenomorphus kuehnei Kramer 1979 [emendation] 1927 Sphenomorphus florense barbouri Dunn (Shea 2012) 1927 Sphenomorphus florensis nitidus Dunn (Shea 2012) 1927 Sphenomorphus florensis weberi Dunn (Shea 2012) Other common names: florensis: Flores Forest Skink Remarks: Records from Sulawesi (Rooij 1915) were referred to variegatus by Brongersma (1934), but most likely represent other species (Koch 2012). Presence in Kai Islands is based on the type series of Lygosoma kühnei, which may have wrong locality data (Shea 2012). Presence in Besar and Rinca is based on literature records, which seem to be unconfirmed by voucher specimens, hence, needs confirmation (Shea 2012). Records from Aru Islands and New Guinea refer to meyeri (Shea 2012). Distribution: East Timor, Indonesia (Adonara, Alor, Babar Islands, Banda Islands, Besar (off Flores), Damar, Flores, Gorong Archipelago, Groot-Bastaard, Kai Islands, Komodo, Lombok, Numfoor, Padar, Rinca, Semau, Sumba, Sumbawa, Tinjil, West Timor, Wetar). Sphenomorphus meyeri Aru Islands Forest Skink Aru-Waldskink Aru-skovskink 1874 Lygosoma meyeri Doria Sphenomorphus meyeri Allison & Kraus 2006 1877 Hinulia papuensis Macleay (Shea 2012) Lygosoma megaspila papuense Loveridge 1948 Remarks: Validity confirmed by Shea (2012). Includes populations previously identified as melanopogon (Shea 2012). Distribution: Indonesia (Aru Islands, Batanta, Salawati, Supiori, Western New Guinea, Yapen), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus microtympanus Small-eared Forest Skink Kleinohren-Waldskink Småøret Skovskink 1973 Sphenomorphus microtympanus Greer Sphenomorphus microtympanum Chapple & al. 2021 [emendation] Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus milnense Milne Bay Forest Skink Milne-Bay-Waldskink Milne Bay-skovskink 1903 Lygosoma milnense Boulenger Sphenomorphus milnense Greer & Parker 1967 Remarks: Listed as a synonym of aignanus by the Reptile Database (reptile-database.reptarium.cz, viewed 10 August 2015). Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus mimicus Mimic Dwarf Forest Skink Mimik-Zwerg-Waldskink Mimik-dværgskovskink 1962 Sphenomorphus mimicus Taylor Distribution: Thailand, Vietnam. Sphenomorphus mimikanus Mimika River Forest Skink Mimika-Waldskink Mimika-skovskink 1914 Lygosoma mimikanum Boulenger Otosaurus mimikanum Smith 1937 Sphenomorphus mimikanus Greer & Parker 1967 Distribution: Indonesia (Western New Guinea). Sphenomorphus minutus Papuan Dwarf Forest Skink Papuanischer Zwerg-Waldskink Papuansk Dværgskovskink 1874 Lygosoma minuta Meyer Sphenomorphus minutus Mittleman 1952 1927 Lygosoma comtum Roux (Shea & Greer 1999) 1927 Lygosoma minuta var. obtusirostrum De Jong (Shea & Greer 1999) 1927 Lygosoma minutum var. rotundirostrum De Jong (Shea & Greer 1999) Distribution: Indonesia (Morotai, Western New Guinea, Yapen), Papua New Guinea (d'Entrecasteaux Islands [Fergusson, Normanby], Eastern New Guinea, Louisiade Archipelago [Misima, Sudest]). Sphenomorphus modiglianii Mentawai Forest Skink, (Modigliani's Forest Skink) Mentawai-Waldskink Mentawai-skovskink 1895 Lygosoma modiglianii Boulenger Sphenomorphus modigliani Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Indonesia (Sipura). Sphenomorphus muelleri East Indonesian Forest Skink, (Müller's Skink) Ostindonesischer Waldskink Østindonesisk Skovskink 1837 Scincus mülleri Schlegel Lygosoma muelleri Boulenger 1887 Sphenomorphus muelleri Mittleman 1952 1890 Homolepida englishi De Vis (Rooij 1915) Distribution: Indonesia (Aru Islands, Kai Islands, Numfoor, Seram, Western New Guinea, Yapen), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus multisquamatus Many-scaled Forest Skink, Fine-scaled Slender Skink Vielschuppiger Waldskink Mangeskællet Skovskink 1958 Sphenomorphus multisquamatus Inger Sphenomorphus multisquamulatus [sic] Greer & Parker 1967 Distribution: Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak). Sphenomorphus murudensis Mount Murud Forest Skink, Gunung Murud Litter Skink Murud-Waldskink Murud-skovskink 1925 Sphenomorphus murudensis Smith Otosaurus murudensis Smith 1937 Distribution: Malaysia (Sarawak). Sphenomorphus necopinatus Bogor Forest Skink Bogor-Waldskink Bogor-skovskink 1942 Lygosoma necopinatum necopinatum Brongersma Sphenomorphus necopinatus Welch, Cooke & Wright 1990 1942 Lygosoma necopinatum garutense Brongersma Distribution: Indonesia (Java). Sphenomorphus neuhaussi Huon Peninsula Forest Skink Huon-Waldskink Huon-skovskink 1911 Lygosoma neuhaussi Vogt Lygosoma pratti neuhaussi Loveridge 1948 Sphenomorphus neuhaussi Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Indonesia (Western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus nigriventris Black-bellied Forest Skink Schwarzbauch-Waldskink Sortbuget Skovskink 1915 Lygosoma nigriventre De Rooij Sphenomorphus nigriventris Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus nigrolabris Black-lipped Litter Skink Schwarzlippen-Waldskink Sortlæbet Skovskink 1873 Hinulia nigrolabris Günther Lygosoma nigrilabre Boulenger 1887 Otosaurus nigrilabre Smith 1937 Sphenomorphus nigrolabrus [sic] Mittleman 1952 Sphenomorphus nigrilabris Koch 2012 Remarks: Previously included amabilis. Distribution: Indonesia (Sula Islands, Sulawesi). Sphenomorphus nigrolineatus Black-striped Forest Skink Schwarzstreifiger Waldskink Sortstribet Skovskink 1897 Lygosoma nigrolineatum Boulenger Sphenomorphus nigrolineatus Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus oligolepis Small-scaled Forest Skink, (Mimika Forest Skink) Kleinschuppiger Waldskink Finskællet Skovskink 1914 Lygosoma oligolepis Boulenegr Sphenomorphus oligolepis Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Indonesia (Seram, Western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus orientale Nat Ma Taung Forest Skink Nat-Ma-Taung-Waldskink Nat Ma Taung-skovskink 1940 Lygosoma orientale Shreve Sphenomorphus orientale Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Myanmar. Sphenomorphus papuae Mount Lamington Forest Skink Lamington-Waldskink Lamington-skovskink 1928 Lygosoma papuae Kinghorn Sphenomorphus papuae Greer & Shea 2004 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of derooyae (e.g., Cogger 1979; Shea & Sadlier 1999). Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus phuquocensis Phu Quoc Forest Skink Phu-Quoc-Waldskink Phu Quoc-skovskink 2020 Sphenomorphus phuquocensis Grismer, Nazarov, Bobrov & Poyarkov Distribution: Vietnam (Phu Quoc Island). Sphenomorphus praesignis Blotched Forest Skink, Bukit Larut Forest Skink Larut-Waldskink Larut-skovskink 1900 Lygosoma praesigne Boulenger Mabuia praesigne Smith 1916 Tiliqua praesigne Smedley 1931 Sphenomorphus presignis [sic] Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Malaysia (West Malaysia), Thailand. Sphenomorphus pratti Dinawa Forest Skink Dinawa-Waldskink Dinawa-skovskink 1903 Lygosoma pratti Boulenger Sphenomorphus pratti Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Archipelago [New Britain], Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus preylangensis Prey Lang Forest Skink Prey-Lang-Waldskink Prey Lang-skovskink 2019 Sphenomorphus preylangensis Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Poyarkov, Neang, Orlov, Thammachoti & Hun Distribution: Cambodia. Sphenomorphus puncticentralis Java Black-spotted Forest Skink Javanischer Schwarzflecken-Waldskink Javansk Sortplettet Skovskink 1994 Sphenomorphus puncticentralis Iskandar Sphenomorphus puncticentris [sic] Iskandar 1994 Distribution: Indonesia (Java). Sphenomorphus rufus Reddish Forest Skink Rötlicher Waldskink Rødlig Skovskink 1887 Lygosoma rufum Boulenger Sphenomorphus rufus Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Indonesia (Aru Islands, Western New Guinea). Sphenomorphus sabanus Sabah Forest Skink, Sabah Litter Skink, Sabah Slender Skink Sabah-Waldskink Sabah-skovskink 1958 Sphenomorphus sabanus Inger Distribution: Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah). Sphenomorphus sabanus © Henrik Bringsøe Sphenomorphus sanctus Yellow-lined Forest Skink, Java Forest Skink Gelbstrefiger Waldskink Gulstribet Skovskink 1839 Gongylus sanctum Dumeril & Bibron Lygosoma sanctum Weber 1891 Sphenomorphus sanctus Barbour 1912 1957 Sphenomorphus sanctus tenggeranus Mertens Remarks: Presence in West Malaysia, although reported by Boulenger (1912) and several subsequent works (e.g., Denzer & Manthey 1991; Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999; Das & Yaakob 2007; Grismer 2008), remains unconfirmed (Grismer 2011). Distribution: Indonesia (Bali, Java, Panaitan, Peucang, Sumatra). Sphenomorphus sarasinorus Bontorio Forest Skink Bontorio-Waldskink Bontorio-skovskink 1897 Lygosoma sarasinorum Boulenger Otosaurus sarasinorum Smith 1937 Sphenomorphus sarasinorus Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Indonesia (Sulawesi). Sphenomorphus schlegeli Komodo Forest Skink Komodo-Waldskink Komodo-skovskink 1927 Homolepida schlegeli Dunn Omolepida schlegeli Mertens 1930 Sphenomorphus schlegeli Darevsky 1964 1964 Sphenomorphus oxycephalus Darevsky (Auffenberg 1980) Distribution: Indonesia (Flores, Komodo, Rinca). Sphenomorphus schultzei Sepik River Forest Skink Sepik-Waldskink Sepik-skovskink 1911 Lygosoma schultzei Vogt Sphenomorphus schultzei Mittleman 1952 1927 Lygosoma beauforti De Jong (Greer & Parker 1974) Distribution: Indonesia (Western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus scotophilus Selangor Forest Skink, (Spotted Forest Skink) Selangor-Waldskink Selangor-skovskink 1900 Lygosoma scotophilum Boulenger Sphenomorphus scotophilus Mittleman 1952 1901 Lygosoma floweri Laidlaw (Taylor 1963) Distribution: Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (West Malaysia [incl. Penang Island, Seribuat Archipelago (incl. Aur, Pemanggil, Tioman)]), Thailand. Sphenomorphus scutatus Palau Forest Skink, Palau Ground Skink Palau-Waldskink Palau-skovskink 1867 Lygosoma scutatum Peters Sphenomorphus scutatus Greer & Parker 1974 Distribution: Palau. Sphenomorphus senja Malayan Forest Skink, Titiwangsa Forest Skink Malaiischer Waldskink Malaysisk Skovskink 2015 Sphenomorphus senja Grismer & Quah Remarks: The populations assigned to this species were previously inluded in malayanus, a species now restricted to Sumatra. Distribution: Malaysia (West Malaysia). Sphenomorphus sheai Kon Tum Forest Skink, (Shea's Forest Skink) Kon-Tum-Waldskink Kon Tum-skovskink 2013 Sphenomorphus sheai Nguyen, Nguyen, Devender, Bonkowski & Ziegler Distribution: Vietnam. Sphenomorphus shelfordi Mount Penrisen Forest Skink, (Shelford's Forest Skink) Penrisen-Waldskink Penrisen-skovskink 1900 Lygosoma shelfordi Boulenger Sphenomorphus shelfordi Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Malaysia (Sarawak). Sphenomorphus simus Papuan Black-sided Forest Skink, Common Forest Skink Papuanischer Schwarzseitiger Waldskink Papuansk Sortsidet Skovskink 1879 Lygosoma sima Sauvage Lygosoma simum Boulenger 1887 [emendation] Otosaurus simum Smith 1937 Sphenomorphus simus Mittleman 1952 1928 Lygosoma misolense Vogt (Shea 2017) Sphenomorphus misolense Greer & Parker 1967 1932 Lygosoma totocarinatum Vogt (Shea & Greer 1999) Sphenomorphus totocarinatus Mittleman 1952 1948 Lygosoma variegatum stickeli Loveridge (Shea & Greer 1999) Sphenomorphus stickeli Mittleman 1952 1958 Sphenomorphus melanopleurus Inger (Shea & Greer 1999) Sphenomorphus stickeli melanopleurus Inger 1961 Remarks: The taxon misolense was previously regarded as a synonym of jobiensis (e.g., Loveridge 1948), later treated as a separate species (e.g., Greer & Parker 1967; Bauer, Shea & Günther 2003; Linkem, Diesmos & Brown 2010), but most recently synonymized with simus by Shea (2017). Distribution: Indonesia (Batanta, Misool, Numfoor, Western New Guinea, Yapen), Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Archipelago [New Britain, New Ireland], Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus solomonis Solomon Forest Skink, Solomon Ground Skink Salomonen-Waldskink Salomon-skovskink 1887 Lygosoma solomonis Boulenger Sphenomorphus solomonis Barbour 1912 1895 Lygosoma brevipes Boettger (Greer & Parker 1974) Sphenomorphus brevipes Barbour 1912 1912 Lygosoma moszkowskii Vogt (Greer & Parker 1974) Lygosoma pardale moszkowskii Loveridge 1948 1912 Lygosoma schoedei Vogt (Greer & Parker 1974) 1914 Lygosoma eremita Werner (Reptile Database, viewed 25 April 2013, tentative synonymy) Distribution: Indonesia (Biak, Halmahera, Morotai, Numfoor, Ternate, Western New Guinea, Yapen), Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Archipelago [Admiralty Islands, New Britain, New Ireland, Umboi], d'Entrecasteaux Islands [Fergusson], Eastern New Guinea, Louisiade Archipelago [Misima], Woodlark, North Solomon Islands [Bougainville, Buka]), Solomon Islands (incl. Taumako, Guadalcanal, Santa Cruz Islands). Sphenomorphus stellatus Starry Forest Skink, Starred Forest Skink, Perak Forest Skink, Cambodian Forest Skink Sternen-Waldskink Stjerne-skovskink 1900 Lygosoma stellatum Boulenger Sphenomorphus stellatus Mittleman 1952 Remarks: Previously included annamiticus. Now restricted to West Malaysia (Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Poyarkov, Neang, Orlov, Thammachoti & Hun 2019). Distribution: Malaysia (West Malaysia). Sphenomorphus striatopunctatus Sri Lanka Spot-lined Forest Skink Srilankanischer Gefleckter Waldskink Srilankansk Pletstribet Skovskink 1907 Lygosoma punctatolineatum Boulenger [not Lygosoma punctatolineatum Boulenger 1893] 1925 Lygosoma striatopunctatum Ahl [substitute name for Lygosoma punctatolineatum Boulenger 1907] Sphenomorphus striatopunctulatus Taylor 1950 Remarks: Regarded as a synonym of Lankascincus taprobanensis by Greer (1991), but Das & de Silva (2005) listed it as a valid species of the genus Sphenomorphus. Distribution: Sri Lanka. Sphenomorphus striolatus Flores Forest Skink Flores-Waldskink Flores-skovskink 1891 Lygosoma striolatum Weber Sphenomorphus striolatus Barbour 1912 Distribution: Indonesia (Damar, Flores, Komodo, Rinca). Sphenomorphus sungaicolus Malaysian Riparian Skink Malaysischer Flussskink Malaysisk Flodskink 2016 Sphenomorphus sungaicolus Sumarli, Grismer, Wood, Ahmad, Rizal, Ismail, Izam, Ahmad & Linkem Distribution: Malaysia (West Malaysia), Thailand. Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Taiwanese Forest Skink Taiwanischer Waldskink Taiwansk Skovskink 1987 Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen & Lue Distribution: Taiwan. Sphenomorphus tanahtinggi Mount Lumaku Forest Skink, (Montane Forest Skink) Lumaku-Waldskink Lumaku-skovskink 2001 Sphenomorphus tanahtinggi Inger, Tan, Lakim & Yambun Distribution: Malaysia (Sabah). Sphenomorphus tanneri Pale-spotted Forest Skink, (Tanner's Skink) Hellgefleckter Waldskink Lysplettet Skovskink 1967 Sphenomorphus tanneri Greer & Parker Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Archipelago [New Britain, New Ireland], North Solomon Islands [Bougainville]), Solomon Islands. Sphenomorphus taylori Bougainville Yellow-banded Forest Skink Gelbbändiger Bougainville-Waldskink Gulbåndet Bougainville-skovskink 1930 Sphenomorphus taylori Burt Otosaurus taylori Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (North Solomon Islands: Bougainville). Sphenomorphus tenuiculus Narrow-necked Forest Skink Dünnhals-Waldskink Tyndhalset Skovskink 1890 Lygosoma tenuiculum Mocquard Sphenomorphus tenuiculus Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Malaysia (Sabah). Sphenomorphus tersus Pale Forest Skink, Thai Forest Skink, Nakhon Si Thammarat Forest Skink Heller Waldskink Lys Skovskink 1916 Lygosoma tersum Smith Sphenomorphus tersus Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Malaysia (West Malaysia), Thailand. Sphenomorphus tetradactylus Vietnamese Four-fingered Forest Skink Vierzehiger Waldskink Firtået Skovskink 2005 Leptoseps tetradactylus Darevsky & Orlov Sphenomorphus tetradactylus Nguyen, Schmitz, Nguyen, Orlov, Böhme & Ziegler 2011 Distribution: Vietnam. Sphenomorphus tonkinensis Tonkin Forest Skink Tonkin-Waldskink Tonkin-skovskink 2011 Sphenomorphus tonkinensis Nguyen, Schmitz, Nguyen, Orlov, Böhme & Ziegler Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi), Vietnam (incl. Cat Ba Island). Sphenomorphus transversus Kunua Banded Forest Skink Kunua-Waldskink Kunua-skovskink 1971 Sphenomorphus transversus Greer & Parker Distribution: Papua New Guinea (North Solomon Islands: Bougainville). Sphenomorphus tridigitus Three-toed Forest Skink, Tridigital Forest Skink Dreizehiger Waldskink Tretået Skovskink 1939 Siaphos tridigitum Bourret Leptoseps tridigitus Nguyen, Ho & Nguyen 2005 Sphenomorphus tridigitus Welch, Cooke & Wright 1990 Remarks: Generic assignment uncertain (Greer 1973). Distribution: Laos, Vietnam. Sphenomorphus tritaeniatus Three-striped Forest Skink, Three-banded Forest Skink Dreistreifiger Waldskink Trestribet Skovskink 1937 Lygosoma tritaeniatum Bourret Sphenomorphus tritaeniatus Welch, Cooke & Wright 1990 Distribution: Vietnam. Sphenomorphus tropidonotus Luhu Forest Skink Luhu-Waldskink Luhu-skovskink 1897 Lygosoma tropidonotum Boulenger Otosaurus tropidonotus Smith 1937 Sphenomorphus tropidonotus Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Indonesia (Buton, Sulawesi, Togian Islands). Sphenomorphus undulatus Wavy-backed Forest Skink Wellen-Waldskink Bølget Skovskink 1878 Lygosoma undulatum Peters & Doria Sphenomorphus undulatus Mittleman 1952 1910 Lygosoma aruanum Roux (Greer & Parker 1974) Sphenomorphus aruanus Mittleman 1952 1926 Lygosoma amboinense Kopstein (Greer & Parker 1974) Sphenomorphus amboinense Welch, Cooke & Wright 1990 1927 Lygosoma dammermani Kopstein (Greer & Parker 1974) Sphenomorphus dammermani Welch, Cooke & Wright 1990 Remarks: Populations from the Solomon Islands may represent an undescribed species (McCoy 1980, 2006). Distribution: Indonesia (Ambon, Aru Islands, Kai Islands, Seram, Sula Islands, Supiori, Western New Guinea, Wetar), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea), Solomon Islands. Sphenomorphus vanheurni Ijang Mountains Forest Skink, (Van Heurn's Forest Skink) Ijang-Waldskink Ijang-skovskink 1942 Lygosoma vanheurni Brongersma Sphenomorphus vanheurni Mertens 1957 1957 Sphenomorphus vanheurni balicus Mertens Distribution: Indonesia (Bali, Java). Sphenomorphus variegatus Philippine Black-spotted Forest Skink Philippinischer Schwarzfleckiger Waldskink Filippinsk Sortplettet Skovskink 1867 Lygosoma variegatum Peters Hinulia variegata Günther 1879 Sphenomorphus variegatus Barbour 1912 Otosaurus variegatum Smith 1937 1878 Lygosoma naevium Peters & Doria (Taylor 1922) Remarks: According to Inger (1958), variegatus is restricted to the Philippines, but this author failed to consider the Sulawesi and Buton populations (Koch 2012), and moreover, variegatus has subsequently been reported also from Waigeo. These populations outside the Philippines, however, are most likely to represent undescribed species. Distribution: Indonesia (Buton, Sulawesi, Waigeo), Philippines (Bohol, Camiguin Sur, Dinagat, Leyte, Mindanao, Samar, Sulu Islands [incl. Basilan, Bitinan, Bongao, Bubuan, Butinian, Jolo, Sangasanga, Tawi-Tawi]). Sphenomorphus wau Mount Kaindi Forest Skink Mount-Kaindi-Waldskink Mount Kaindi-skovskink 2021 Sphenomorphus wau Shea & Allison Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Sphenomorphus wolfi Bismarck Archipelago Forest Skink Bismarck-Waldskink Bismarck-skovskink 1918 Lygosoma (Hinulia) maindroni wolfi Sternfeld Sphenomorphus wolfi Greer & Parker 1967 Remarks: Notice that Sternfeld (1918) described two forms of the genus Lygosoma with the specific/subspecific epithet wolfi. The other form, Lygosoma (Otosaurus) wolfi Sternfeld 1918 from the Solomon Islands, was synonymized with concinnatus by Burt & Burt (1932), although Mittleman (1952) listed it as a valid species, using the combination Otosaurus wolfi. Moreover, Kinghorn (1928) apparently overlooked Sternfeld's work. This species has often been confused in the literature with maindroni or derooyae, which are now both believed to be restricted to the New Guinea mainland (Allison & Bigilale 2001). Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Archipelago [Admiralty Islands, New Britain, New Ireland]). Sphenomorphus wollastoni South Papuan Forest Skink Südpapuanischer Waldskink Sydpapuansk Skovskink 1914 Lygosoma wollastoni Boulenger Lygosoma pratti wollastoni Loveridge 1948 Sphenomorphus wollastoni Mittleman 1952 Distribution: Indonesia (Western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea. Sphenomorphus woodfordii Fauro Forest Skink Fauro-Waldskink Fauro-skovskink 1887 Lygosoma woodfordii Boulenger Sphenomorphus woodfordi Barbour 1921 Distribution: Papua New Guinea (North Solomon Islands: Bougainville), Solomon Islands. Sphenomorphus yersini Khanh Hoa Forest Skink Khanh-Hoa-Waldskink Khanh Hoa-skovskink 2018 Sphenomorphus yersini Nguyen, Nguyen, Nguyen, Orlov & Murphy Distribution: Vietnam. Sphenomorphus zimmeri Mekongga Mountains Forest Skink Mekongga-Waldskink Mekongga-skovskink 1933 Lygosoma zimmeri Ahl Sphenomorphus zimmeri Bauer, Shea & Günther 2003 Distribution: Indonesia (Sulawesi).