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Taxonomy of the genus Actinemys Biodiversity of the family Emydidae

Bibliography of the genus
Actinemys (Pacific Pond Turtles)

(Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Actinemys marmorata

Agha, M.; Todd, B.D.; Skalos, S.; Falcon, M.; Casazza, M.; Wang, O. 2018. Natural history notes: Actinemys marmorata (Western Pond Turtle). Suspected predation / scavenging. Herpetological Review 49(2): 313-314.

Alvarez, J.A. 2006. Natural history notes: Actinemys marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle). Refugia. Herpetological Review 37(3): 339-340.

Alvarez, J.A. 2006. Use of artificial basking substrate to detect and monitor Pacific Pond Turtles (Emys marmorata). Western North American Naturalist 66(1): 129-131.

Alvarez, J.A.; Davidson, K.A. 2018. Natural history notes: Actinemys marmorata (Northwestern Pond Turtle). Atypical nests. Herpetological Review 49(1): 101-103.

Alvarez, J.A.; Davidson, K.A.; Foster, S.M. 2014. Natural history notes: Actinemys marmorata (Western Pond Turtle). Nest predation association. Herpetological Review 45(2): 307-308.

Ashton, D.T. 2007. Natural history notes: Actinemys (=Clemmys) marmorata marmorata (NorthWestern Pond Turtle). Courtship behavior. Herpetological Review 38(3): 327-328.

Ashton, D.T.; Bettaso, J.B.; Hartwell, H.W. 2015. Changes across a decade in size, growth, and body condition of Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) populations on free-flowing and regulated forks of the Trinity River in Northwest California. Copeia 103(3): 621-633.

Banta, B.H. 1963. On the occurrence of Clemmys marmorata (Reptilia: Testudinata) in western Nevada. Wasmann Journal of Biology 21(1): 75-77.

Barela, K.L.; Olson, D.H. 2014. Mapping the Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) and Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) in western North America. Northwestern Naturalist 95(1): 1-12.

Bartlett, R.D. 2001. Random notes on the pond and Blanding's Turtles. Reptile & Amphibian Hobbyist 6(6): 8-12, 14-16.

Bauer, S.; Olson, J.; Cockrill, A.; Hattem, M. van; Miller, L.; Tauzer, M.; Leppig, G. 2015. Impacts of surface water diversions for marijuana cultivation on aquatic habitat in four northwestern California watersheds. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0120016.

Bettelheim, M.P. 2009. Natural history notes: Actinemys (=Clemmys) marmorata (Western Pond Turtle). Courtship behavior. Herpetological Review 40(2): 212-213.

Bettelheim, M.P.; Geist, N.; Dallara, A.; Gordon, R. 2009. Natural history notes: Actinemys (= Clemmys) marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle). Nesting / depredation. Herpetological Review 40(4): 433.

Bettelheim, M.P.; Terry, D.E.; Dunaeva, J. 2005. A selective translation of Alexander Strauch's "chelonological studies", "global distribution", and "comments" specific to the Western Pond Turtle (Clemmys marmorata), including a bibliography of his known herpetological works. Bibliotheca Herpetologica 5(2): 10-27.

Bettelheim, M.P.; Thayer, C.H.; Terry, D.E. 2006. Natural history notes: Actinemys marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle). Nest architecture/ predation. Herpetological Review 37(2): 213-215.

Bondi, C.A.; Marks, S.B. 2013. Differences in flow regime influence the seasonal migrations, body size, and body condition of Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) that inhabit perennial and intermittent riverine sites in northern California. Copeia 2013(1): 142-153.

Burgin, S. 2006. Confirmation of an established population of exotic turtles in urban Sydney. Australian Zoologist 33(3): 379-384.

Bury, R.B. 1962. Methods of collecting the northwestern pond turtle. Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 10(1): 10.

Bury, R.B. 1963. Occurrence of Clemmys m. marmorata in North coastal California. Herpetologica 18: 283.

Bury, R.B. 1970. Clemmys marmorata. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 100: 1-3.

Bury, R.B.; Germano, D.J. 1998. Annual deposition of scute rings in the Western Pond Turtle, Clemmys marmorata. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 3(1): 108-109.

Bury, R.B.; Germano, D.J. 2008. Actinemys marmorata (Baird and Girard 1852) - Western Pond Turtle, Pacific Pond Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 5: 001.1-001.9.

Bury, R.B.; Germano, D.J.; Bury, G.W. 2010. Population structure and growth of the turtle Actinemys marmorata from the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion: age, not size, matters. Copeia 2010(3): 443-451.

Bury, R.B.; Walfheim, J.H. 1973. Aggression in free-living pond turtles (Clemmys marmorata). Bioscience 23(11): 659-662.

Bushell, J.; Geist, N. 2012. Conservation and research for the western pond turtle, (Clemmys marmorata), in northern California. Animal Keepers' Forum 39(8): 364-366, 368-371.

Buskirk, J. 1990. An overview of the Western Pond Turtle, Clemmys marmorata. pp. 16-23. In: Beaman, K.R.; Caporaso, F.; McKeown, S. & Graff, M.D. (eds.). Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Turtles and Tortoises: conservation and captive husbandry, Chapman University, August 9-12, 1990. California Turtle and Tortoise Club, Van Nuys. 171 pp.

Buskirk, J. 1990. Geographic distribution: Clemmys marmorata (Western Pond Turtle). Herpetological Review 21(1): 26.

Buskirk, J.R. 1985. Geographic distribution: Clemmys marmorata marmorata (NorthWestern Pond Turtle). Herpetological Review 16(4): 116.

Buskirk, J.R. 2002. Die Pazifik-Wasserschildkröte, Emys marmorata. Radiata 11(3): 3-30.

Buskirk, J.R. 2002. L'emyde marbree, Emys marmorata (Baird & Girard, 1852) (Reptilia, Chelonii, Emydidae). 1ere partie. Manouria 5(15): 18-32.

Buskirk, J.R. 2002. L'emyde marbree, Emys marmorata (Baird & Girard, 1852) (Reptilia, Chelonii, Emydidae). 2nde partie. Manouria 5(16): 16-31.

Canadian Ministry of Environment. 2012. Recovery plan for the western pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata) in British Columbia. Ministry of Environment, Surrey, British Columbia. 27 pp.

Cook, D.G.; Martini-Lamb, J. 2004. Distribution and habitat use of Pacific Pond Turtles in a summer impounded river. Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife Society 40: 84-89.

Costa, Z.J. 2014. Responses to predators differ between native and invasive freshwater turtles: environmental context and its implications for competition. Ethology 120(7): 633-640.

Dean, F. 1999. Seattle's Western Pond Turtle. Endangered Species 1(1): 73.

Dominguez-Torres, J.; Mellink, E. 2003. Invasive aquatic animals and possible effects on native frogs and toads in Mediterranean Baja California. Bulletin Southern California Academy of Sciences 102(2): 89-95.

Feldman, C.R.; Parham, J.F. 2002. Molecular phylogenetics of emydine turtles: taxonomic revision and the evolution of shell kinesis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22(3): 388-398.

Fidenci, P. 2002. Geographic distribution: Clemmys marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle). Herpetological Review 33(2): 147.

Fidenci, P. 2005. A new technique for capturing Pacific Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) and a comparison with traditional trapping methods. Herpetological Review 36(3): 266-267.

Fidenci, P. 2005. Natural history notes: Actinemys marmorata (Western Pond Turtle). Size. Herpetological Review 36(4): 440.

Fidenci, P. 2007. Natural history notes: Actinemys marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle). Eggs. Herpetological Review 38(3): 327.

Fritz, U.; Schmidt, C.; Ernst, C.H. 2011. Competing generic concepts for Blanding's, Pacific and European pond turtles (Emydoidea, Actinemys and Emys)-which is best? Zootaxa 2791: 41-53.

Geist, N.R.; Dallara, Z.; Gordon, R. 2015. The role of incubation temperature and clutch effects in development and phenotype of head-started Western Pond Turtles (Emys marmorata). Herpetological Conservation and Biology 10(1): 489-503.

Germano, D.G.; Bury, R.B. 2001. Western Pond Turtles (Clemmys marmorata) in the Central Valley of California: status and population structure. Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife Society 37: 22-36.

Germano, D.J. 2010. Ecology of western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) at sewage-treatment facilities in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Southwestern Naturalist 55(1): 89-97.

Germano, D.J. 2016. The ecology of a robust population of Actinemys marmorata in the San Joaquin Desert of California. Copeia 104(3): 663–676.

Germano, D.J.; Bury, R.B. 2009. Variation in body size, growth, and population structure of Actinemys marmorata from lentic and lotic habitats in southern Oregon. Journal of Herpetology 43(3): 510-520.

Germano, D.J.; Rathbun, G.B. 2008. Growth, population structure, and reproduction of Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) on the central coast of California. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 7(2): 188-194.

Germano, D.J.; Riedle, J.D. 2015. Population structure, growth, survivorship, and reproduction of Actinemys marmorata from a high elevation site in the Tehachapi Mountains, California. Herpetologica 71(2): 102-109.

Goodman, R.H.; Stewart, G.R. 2000. Aquatic home ranges of female Western Pond Turtles, Clemmys marmorata, at two sites in southern California. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 3(4): 743-745.

Gray, E.M. 1995. DNA fingerprinting reveals a lack of genetic variation in northern populations of the Western Pond Turtle (Clemmys marmorata). Conservation Biology 9(5): 1244-1254.

Henny, C.J.; Beal, K.F.; Bury, R.B.; Goggans, R. 2003. Organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, trace elements and metals in Western Pond Turtle eggs from Oregon. Northwest Science 77(1): 46-53.

Hill, P.M. 2006. Natural history notes: Actinemys marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle). Neonates. Herpetological Review 37(2): 215.

Hill, P.M. 2006. Natural history notes: Actinemys marmorata (Western Pond Turtle). Neonates. Herpetological Review 37(1): 76-77.

Holland, D.C. 1985. Life history notes: Clemmys marmorata (Western Pond Turtle). Feeding. Herpetological Review 16(4): 112-113.

Holland, D.C. 1988. Life history notes: Clemmys marmorata (Western Pond Turtle). Behavior. Herpetological Review 19(4): 87-88.

Holland, D.C.; Goodman, R.H. 1996. Natural history notes: Clemmys marmorata (Western Pond Turtle). Terrestrial habitat use. Herpetological Review 27(4): 198-199.

Holman, J.A.; Fritz, U. 2001. A new emydine species from the Middle Miocene (Barstovian) of Nebraska, USA with a new generic arrangement for the species of Clemmys sensu McDowell (1964). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 51(2): 331-353.

Huber, P.R.; Shilling, F.; Thorne, J.H.; Greco, S.E. 2012. Municipal and regional habitat connectivity planning. Landscape and Urban Planning 105(1-2): 15-26.

IUCN Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. 2016. Actinemys marmorata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T4969A97292542. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T4969A11104202.en.

Janzen, F.J.; Hoover, S.L.; Shaffer, H.B. 1997. Molecular phylogeography of the Western Pond Turtle (Clemmys marmorata): preliminary results. Linnaeus Fund Research Report. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2(4): 623-626.

Jennings, M.R.; Hothem, R.L. 2005. Natural history notes: Actinemys marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle). Diet. Herpetological Review 36(1): 56.

Johnson, J.H. 2004. Husbandry and medicine of aquatic reptiles. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 13(4): 223-228.

Lambert, M.R.; Nielsen, S.N.; Wright, A.N.; Thomson, R.C.; Shaffer, H.B. 2013. Habitat features determine the basking distribution of introduced Red-eared Sliders and native Western Pond Turtles. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 12(1): 192-199.

Leatherman, B.M.; Jennings, M.R. 2007. Natural history notes: Actinemys marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle) and Trachemys scripta elegans (Red-eared Slider). Reproductive behavior. Herpetological Review 38(3): 327.

Leidy, R.A.; Bogan, M.T.; Neuhaus, L.; Rosetti, L.; Carlson, S.M. 2016. Summer die-off of western pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata) along an intermittent coast range stream in central California. Southwestern Naturalist 61(1): 71–74.

Leuven, S. van; Allen, H.; Slavens, K.; Clark, S.; Anderson, D. 2004. Western Pond Turtle head-starting and reintroduction Oct. 2003 thru Sept. 2004. Annual report BPA project #2001-027-00. BPA Report DOE/BP 00005175-2: 1-15.

Leuven, S. van; Allen, H.; Slavin, K.; Clark, S.; Anderson, D. 2004. Western Pond Turtle head-starting and reintroduction. BPA Report DOE/BP 00005175-1.

Lovich, J.E.; Meyer, K. 2002. The Western Pond Turtle (Clemmys marmorata) in the Mojave River, California, USA: highly adapted survivor or tenuous relict? Journal of Zoology (London) 256(4): 537-545.

Lovich, R.E.; Akre, T.S.; Blackburn, J.L.; Robison, T.; Mahrdt, C. 2007. Geographic distribution: Actinemys marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle). Mexico: Baja California Norte. Herpetological Review 38(2): 216-217.

Lovich, R.E.; Mahrdt, C.R.; Downer, B. 2005. Geographic distribution: Actinemys marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle). Herpetological Review 36(2): 200-201.

Lubcke, G.M.; Wilson, D.S. 2006. Natural history notes: Actinemys marmorata (Pacific Pond Turtle). Size. Herpetological Review 37(3): 339.

Lubcke, G.M.; Wilson, D.S. 2007. Variation in shell morphology of the Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata Baird and Girard) from three aquatic habitats in northern California. Journal of Herpetology 41(1): 107-114.

McKeown, S.; Holland, D.C. 1985. Life history notes: Clemmys marmorata (Western Pond Turtle). Size. Herpetological Review 16(2): 59.

Meyer, E.; Eagles-Smith, C.A.; Sparling, D.W.; Blumenshine, S. 2014. Mercury exposure associated with altered plasma thyroid hormones in the declining Western Pond Turtle (Emys marmorata) from California mountain streams. Environmental Science & Technology 48(5): 2989-2996.

Munson, J.P. 1904. Researches on the oogenesis of the tortoise, Clemmys marmorata. Amer. J. Anat. 3: 311-347.

Niemela, S.A.; Bruce, B.R. 2012. Hatchlings of the Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) in diet of Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias). Northwestern Naturalist 93(1): 84-85.

Nyhof, P.E.; Lynne, T. 2015. Basking Western Pond Turtle response to recreational trail use in urban California. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 14(2): 182-184.

Pequegnat, W.E. 1951. The biota of the Santa Ana Mountains. Journal Ent. Zool. 42: 1-84.

Pilliod, D.S.; Welty, J.L.; Stafford, R. 2013. Terrestrial movement patterns of Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) in Central California. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 8(1): 207-221.

Polo-Cavia, N.; Engstrom, T.; López, P.; Martin, J. 2010. Body condition does not predict immunocompetence of western pond turtles in altered versus natural habitats. Animal Conservation 13(3): 256-264.

Purcell, K.L.; McGregor, E.L.; Calderala, K. 2017. Effects of drought on Western Pond Turtle survival and movement patterns. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 8(1): 15-27

Rathbun, G.B.; Scott, N.J.; Murphey, T.G. 2002. Terrestrial habitat use by Pacific Pond Turtles in a Mediterranean climate. Southwestern Naturalist 47(2): 225-235.

Rathbun, G.B.; Siepel, N.; Holland, D. 1992. Nesting behavior and movements of Western Pond Turtles, Clemmys marmorata. Southwestern Naturalist 37(3): 319-324.

Reese, D.A.; Welsh, H.H. 1998. Comparative demography of Clemmys marmorata populations in the Trinity River of California in the context of dam-induced alterations. Journal of Herpetology 32(4): 505-515.

Reese, D.A.; Welsh, H.H. 1998. Habitat use by Western Pond Turtles in the Trinity River, California. Journal of Wildlife Management 62(3): 842-853.

Rosenberg, D.K.; Swift, R. 2013. Post-Emergence Behavior of hatchling Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) in western Oregon. American Midland Naturalist 169(1): 111-121.

Ruso, G.E.; Meyer, E.; Das, A.J. 2017. Seasonal and diel environmental conditions predict Western Pond Turtle (Emys marmorata) behavior at a perennial and an ephemeral stream in Sequoia National Park, California. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 16(1): 20-28.

Scott, N.J.; Rathbun, G.B.; Murphey, T.G.; Harker, M.B. 2008. Reproduction of Pacific Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) in coastal streams of central California. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 3(2): 143-148.

Slater, J.R. 1939. Clemmys mamorata in the state of Washington. Occasional Papers Department of Biology College of Puget Sound 1939: 32.

Slater, J.R. 1962. Variations and new range of Clemmys marmorata marmorata. Occasional Papers Department of Biology College of Puget Sound 20: 204-205.

Snover, M.L.; Adams, M.J.; Ashton, D.T.; Bettaso, J.B.; Welsh, H.H. 2015. Evidence of counter-gradient growth in Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) across thermal gradients. Freshwater Biology 60(9): 1944-1963.

Spinks, P.Q.; Pauly, G.B.; Crayon, J.J.; Shaffer, H.B. 2003. Survival of the Western Pond Turtle (Emys marmorata) in an urban California environment. Biological Conservation 113(2): 257-267.

Spinks, P.Q.; Shaffer, H.B. 2005. Range-wide molecular analysis of the Western Pond Turtle (Emys marmorata): cryptic variation, isolation by distance, and their conservation implications. Molecular Ecology 14(7): 2047-2064.

Spinks, P.Q.; Thomson, R.C.; Shaffer, H.B. 2010. Nuclear gene phylogeography reveals the historical legacy of an ancient inland sea on lineages of the western pond turtle, Emys marmorata in California. Molecular Ecology 19(3): 542-556.

Storer, T.I. 1930. Notes on the range and life history of the Pacific freshwater turtle, Clemmys marmorata. University of California Publications in Zoology 32: 429-441.

Storm, R.M. 1949. Clemmys marmorata from Tillamook County, Oregon. Herpetologica 5(6): 144.

Studebaker, R.S. 2008. Natural history notes: Actinemys marmorata (Western Pond Turtle). Predation attempt. Herpetological Review 39(4): 463-464.

Thomson, R.C.; Spinks, P.Q.; Shaffer, H.B. 2010. Distribution and abundance of invasive Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) in California's Sacramento River Basin and possible impacts on native Western Pond Turtles (Emys marmorata). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 9(2): 297-302.

Vander Haegen, W.M.; Clark, S.L.; Perillo, K.M.; Anderson, D.P.; Allen, H.L. 2009. Survival and causes of mortality of head-started Western Pond Turtles on Pierce National Wildlife Refuge, Washington. Journal of Wildlife Management 73(8): 1402-1406.

Weitzel, N.H. 2011. [Western pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata) in southwestern Oregon, USA]. (In German). Radiata 20(4): 2-21.

Wilcox, J.T. 2010. Natural history notes: Actinemys (=Emys) marmorata (Western Pond Turtle). Predation. Herpetological Review 41(2): 212.

Zaragoza, G.; Rose, J.P.; Purcell, K.; Todd, B.D. 2015. Terrestrial habitat use by Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) in the Sierra foothills. Journal of Herpetology 49(3): 437-441.

Actinemys pallida

Agha, M.; Riley, M.K.; Sanford, E.; Carlton, J.T.; Newman, W.A.; Todd, B.D. 2018. A review of epizoic barnacles reported from freshwater turtles with a new record from California. Herpetological Review 49(1): 25-28.

Buskirk, J.R. 1984. Geographic distribution: Clemmys marmorata pallida (Southwestern Pond Turtle). Herpetological Review 15(2): 53.

Goodman, R.H. 1997. Occurrence of double clutching in the SouthWestern Pond Turtle, Clemmys marmorata pallida, in the Los Angeles Basin. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2(3): 419-420.

Goodman, R.H.; Stewart, G.R. 1998. Natural history notes: Clemmys marmorata pallida (SouthWestern Pond Turtle). Coprophagy. Herpetological Review 29(2): 98.

Seeliger, L.M. 1945. Variation in the Pacific mud turtle. Copeia 1945: 150-159.

Valdez-Villavicencio, J.H.; Peralta-García, A.; Guillen-Gonzalez, J.A. 2016. Nueva población de la tortuga de poza del suroeste Emys pallida en el Desierto Central de Baja California, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87(1): 264-266.