Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Related bibliographies: Reptiles Turtles Trionychidae North America Taxonomy of the genus Apalone Biodiversity of the family Trionychidae Bibliography of the genus Apalone (North American Softshell Turtles) (Reptilia: Testudines: Trionychidae) Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted. Apalone in general Johnson, C.W. 1894. Trionyches in the Delaware drainage. American Naturalist 28: 889. McCord, W.P.; Joseph-Ouni, M. 2005. Chelonian illustrations. 19. American softshell turtles. Reptilia (GB) 39: 78-81. Neill, W.T. 1951. The taxonomy of North American soft-shelled turtles, genus Amyda. Publ. Res. Div. Ross Allen Rept. Inst. 1(2): 7-24. Schwartz, A. 1956. The relationships and nomenclature of the soft-shelled turtles (genus Trionyx) of the southeastern United States. Charleston Mus. Leafl. 26: 1-21. Siebenrock, F. 1924. Die nearktischen Trionychidae. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 73: 180-194. Vose, R.N. 1964. Nesting habits of the soft-shelled turtles (Trionyx sp.). Proceedings Minn. Acad. Sci. 32: 122-124. Webb, R.G. 1962. North American recent soft-shelled turtles (Family Trionychidae). University of Kansas Publications of the Museum of Natural Hist 13: 420-611. Webb, R.G. 1990. Trionyx. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 487: 1-7. Weisrock, D.W.; Janzen, F.J. 2000. Comparative molecular phylogeography of North American softshell turtles (Apalone): implications for regional and wide-scale historical evolutionary forces. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 14(1): 152-164. Apalone atra Cerdá-Ardura, A.; Soberón-Mobarak, F.; McGaugh, S.E.; Vogt, R.C. 2008. Apalone spinifera atra (Webb and Legler 1960) - Black Spiny Softshell Turtle, Cuatrociénegas Softshell, Tortuga Concha Blanda, Tortuga Negra de Cuatrociénegas Chelonian Research Monographs 5: 021.1-021.4. McGaugh, S.E. 2008. Color variation among habitat types in the Spiny Softshell Turtles (Trionychidae: Apalone) of Cuatrocienegas, Coahuila, Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 42(2): 347-353. McGaugh, S.E. 2012. Comparative population genetics of aquatic turtles in the desert. Conservation Genetics 13(6): 1561-1576. McGaugh, S.E.; Janzen, F.J. 2008. The status of Apalone atra populations in Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila, Mexico: preliminary data. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 7(1): 88-95. Webb, R.G. 1973. Trionyx ater. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 137: 1. Webb, R.G.; Legler, J.M. 1960. A new softshell turtle (genus Trionyx) from Coahuila, Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 40: 21-30. Apalone ferox Allen, E.R. 1982. Life history notes: Trionyx ferox (Florida Softshell). Size. Herpetological Review 13(2): 49. Allen, E.R.; Neill, W.T. 1957. The Florida soft-shelled turtle. Florida Wild Life 1953 [1957]: 4-5. Aresco, M.J. 2005. The effect of sex-specific terrestrial movements and roads on the sex ratio of freshwater turtles. Biological Conservation 123(1): 37-44. Aresco, M.J. 2009. Environmental correlates of the abundances of three species of freshwater turtles in lakes of Northern Florida. Copeia 2009(3): 545-555. Aresco, M.J. 2010. Le Trionyx de Floride Apalone ferox (Schneider, 1783). Cheloniens 18: 4-7. Aresco, M.J.; Gunzburger, M.S.; Travis, J. 2002. Geographic distribution: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Herpetological Review 33(4): 320. Ashton, K.G.; Carlson, J.E. 2003. Natural history notes: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell Turtle). Movement behavior. Herpetological Review 34(2): 138. Barone, S. 2005. Apalone ferox: the Florida Softshell Turtle and the value of understanding scientific names. Reptilia (GB) 39: 47-50. Breckenridge, W.J. 1955. Observations on the life history of the soft-shelled turtle Trionyx ferox, with especial reference to growth. Copeia 1955(1): 5-9. Camper, J.D. 2011. Geographic distribution: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Herpetological Review 42(4): 563-564. Crenshaw, J.W.; Hopkins, M.N. 1955. The relationships of the soft-shelled turtles Trionyx ferox ferox and Trionyx ferox aspera. Copeia 1955(1): 13-23. Diffie, S.; Miller, J.; Murray, K. 2010. Laboratory observations of Red imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) predation on reptilian and avian eggs. Journal of Herpetology 44(2): 294-296. Dobie, J.L.; Leary, C.J.; Golden, J. 1996. Geographic distribution: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Herpetological Review 27(2): 87. Donini, J. 2018. Natural history notes: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell Turtle). Deformity/Healed Injury. Herpetological Review 49(2): 314-315. Dowling, H.G. 1956. Geographic relations of Ozarkian amphibians and reptiles. Southwestern Naturalist 1(4): 174-189. Enge, K.M.; Percival, H.F.; Rice, K.G.; Jennings, M.L.; Masson, G.R.; Woodward, A.R. 2000. Summer nesting of turtles in alligator nests in Florida. Journal of Herpetology 34(4): 497-503. Enge, K.M.; Wallace, G.E. 2008. Basking survey of map turtles (Graptemys) in the Choctawhatchee and Ochlockonee Rivers, Florida and Alabama. Florida Scientist 71(4): 310-322. Flaherty, J.P.; Friers, J. 2013. Natural history notes: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Diet. Herpetological Review 44(3): 500. Goff, D.S.; Goff, C.C. 1935. On the incubation of a clutch of eggs of Amyda ferox. Copeia 1935: 156. Goode, M. 1983. Life history notes: Trionyx ferox (Florida Softshell). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 14(4): 122. Gramentz, D. 2009. Zum Wachstum verschiedener Weichschildkrötenarten in Menschenobhut. Radiata 18(1): 28-44. Gramentz, D. 2010. Notes on the defensive behaviour of the Florida soft-shelled turtle, Apalone ferox. Radiata 19(4): 26-32. Guyot, G. 2002. Portrait: Apalone ferox, la tortue a carapace molle de Floride. Manouria 5(14): 12-18. Hamilton, W.J. 1947. Egg laying of Trionyx ferox. Copeia 1947: 209. Heaton, A.J.; Moreno, N.A. 2017. Geographic distribution: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Herpetological Review 48(4): 808-809. Heinrich, G.; Richardson, D.E. 1993. Life history notes: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 24(1): 31. Holt, B.D.; Dekker, A. den 2016. Geographic distribution: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Herpetological Review 47(1): 79. Iverson, J.B. 1985. Reproduction in the Florida Softshell turtle, Trionyx ferox. Florida Scientist 48(1): 41-44. Iverson, J.B.; Moler, P.E. 1997. The female reproductive cycle of the Florida Softshell turtle (Apalone ferox). Journal of Herpetology 31(3): 399-409. Jackson, D.R. 1991. Life history notes: Trionyx ferox (Florida Softshell). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 22(2): 56. Jackson, G.G.; Jackson, D.R. 2004. Le Trionyx de Floride, Apalone ferox, incubation et elevage de nouveau-nes en vue d'un lacher. Manouria 7(25): 39-44. Jensen, J.B. 1998. Bait preferences of southeastern United States coastal plain riverine turtles: fish or fowl? Chelonian Conservation and Biology 3(1): 109-111. King, R.B. 2000. Analyzing the relationship between clutch size and female body size in reptiles. Journal of Herpetology 34(1): 148-150. Lardie, R.L. 1973. Notes on eggs and young of Trionyx ferox (Schneider). Journal of Herpetology 7(4): 377-378. Meylan, P.A.; Moler, P.E. 2006. Apalone ferox - Florida Softshell Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 3: 160-168. Mitchell, J.C.; Johnston, G.R. 2014. Natural history notes: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Tolerance to fire ants. Herpetological Review 45(2): 308-309. Moler, P.E.; Epstein, M.B. 1994. Natural history notes: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Diet. Herpetological Review 25(1): 23. Munscher, E.C.; Salvatico, N.; Hauge, B.; Gaz, I. 2016. Geographic distribution: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Herpetological Review 47(2): 251. Munscher, E.C.; Walde, A.D.; Riedle, J.D.; Kuhns, E.H.; Weber, A.S.; Hauge, J.B. 2015. Population structure of the Florida Softshell Turtle, Apalone ferox, in a protected ecosystem, Wekiwa Springs State Park, Florida. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 14(1): 34-42. Pike, D.A. 2005. Natural history notes: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 440. Powell, R. 2012. Geographic distribution: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Herpetological Review 43(2): 302. Pritchard, P.C.H. 1980. Record size turtles from Florida and South America. Chelonologica 1(3): 113-123. Rivera, A.R.V.; Rivera, G.; Blob, R.W. 2013. Forelimb kinematics during swimming in the pig-nosed turtle, Carettochelys insculpta, compared with other turtle taxa: rowing versus flapping, convergence versus intermediacy. Journal of Experimental Biology 216(4): 668-680. Roman, J.; Bowen, B.W. 2000. The mock turtle syndrome: genetic identification of turtle meat purchased in the south-eastern United States of America. Animal Conservation 3(1): 61-65. Scott, A.F. 1973. Geographic distribution: Trionyx ferox. HISS News Journal 1(5): 153. Selman, W.; Elsey, R.M.; Boundy, J.; Kreiser, B. 2016. Geographic distribution: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Herpetological Review 47(3): 421. Stacy, B.A.; Wolf, D.A.; Wellehan, J.F.X. 2014. Large-scale predation by River Otters (Lontra canadensis) on Florida Cooter (Pseudemys floridana) and Florida Softshell Turtles (Apalone ferox). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 50(4): 906-910. Stevenson, D.; Platt, B.J. 1999. Geographic distribution: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell). Herpetological Review 30(1): 51. Taylor, M.; Mendyk, R.W. 2017. Natural history notes: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell Turtle). Kyphosis. Herpetological Review 48(2): 418-419. Valverde, J. 2007. Apalone ferox the Florida Softshell Turtle. Reptilia (GB) 55: 24-27. Valverde, J. 2008. Apalone ferox die Florida-Weichschildkröte. Reptilia (D) 12(68): 24-28. Walde, A.D.; Saumure, R.A. 2006. Natural history notes: Apalone ferox (Florida Softshell Turtle). Predation. Herpetological Review 37(1): 77. Walsh, T.J.; Heinrich, G.L. 2015. Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) predation of turtles in Central Florida. Florida Field Naturalist 43(2): 79-85. Webb, R.G. 1973. Trionyx ferox. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 138: 1-3. Weber, A.S.; Munscher, E.C.; Brown, J.R.; Cox, C.A.; Brian, H.J. 2011. Using tattoos to mark Apalone ferox for individual recognition. Herpetological Review 42(4): 530-532. Woodin, M.C.; Woodin, C.D. 1981. Everglade kite predation on a soft-shelled turtle. Florida Field Naturalist 9(4): 64. Apalone mutica Ashmore, G.M.; Janzen, F.J. 2003. Phenotypic variation in Smooth Softshell Turtles (Apalone mutica) from eggs incubated in constant versus fluctuating temperatures. Oecologia (Berlin) 134(2): 182-188. Bandas, S.J.; Higgins, K.F. 2006. Morphometrics of six turtle species from South Dakota. Prairie Naturalist 38(4): 213-222. Barko, V.; Briggler, J.T. 2006. Midland Smooth Softshell Apalone mutica and Spiny Softshell Apalone spinifera turtles in the middle Mississippi River: habitat associations, population structure, and implications for conservation. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 5(2): 225-231. Barko, V.A.; Briggler, J.T. 2006. Midland Smooth Softshell (Apalone mutica) and Spiny Softshell (Apalone spinifera) turtles in the Middle Mississippi River: habitat associations, population structure, and implications for conservation. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 5(2): 225-231. Barten, S.L. 1983. Recovery from nutritional shell deformity in a softshell turtle, Trionyx muticus. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 18(2): 42. Berry, G.A.; Pearson, L.S. 2018. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell). Herpetological Review 49(4): 710. Braun, A.P.; Phelps, Q.E. 2016. Habitat use by five turtle species in the Middle Mississippi River. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 15(1): 62-68. Braun, A.P.; West, J. 2014. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell Turtle). Herpetological Review 45(2): 279. Braun, A.P.; West, J. 2014. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell). Herpetological Review 45(3): 459. Brown, B.C. 1967. Trionyx muticus muticus in the Texas panhandle, SWest. Nat. 12: 487. Brumwell, M.J. 1951. An ecological survey of the Fort Leavenworth Military Reservation. American Midland Naturalist 45(1): 187-231. Cochran, P.A.; Peterson, N.B. 2011. Natural history notes: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell). Diet. Herpetological Review 42(4): 592-593. Crane, A.L.; Parnell, B. 2010. Natural history notes: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell). Predation. Herpetological Review 41(1): 69-70. Davis, J.G.; Krusling, P.J. 2010. New distribution records for six species of turtles in Ohio. Herpetological Review 41(3): 391-392. Doody, J.S. 1996. Summers with softshells. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31(7): 132-133. Dowling, H.G. 1956. Geographic relations of Ozarkian amphibians and reptiles. Southwestern Naturalist 1(4): 174-189. Dundee, H.A. 1995. New Texas herpetofaunal county records represented in the Tulane University Museum of Natural History. Herpetological Review 26(4): 211-212. Ewert, M.A. 1979. Geographic distribution: Trionyx muticus muticus (Midland Smooth Softshell). USA: Indiana: Jackson Co. Herpetological Review 10(3): 102. Fitch, H.S.; Plummer, M.V. 1975. A preliminary ecological study of the soft-shelled turtle Trionyx muticus in the Kansas River. Israel Journal of Zoology 24(1-2): 28-42. Fratto, Z.W.; Barko, V.A.; Pitts, P.R.; Sheriff, S.L.; Briggler, J.T.; Sullivan, K.P.; Mckeage, B.L.; 2008. Evaluation of turtle exclusion and escapement devices for hoop-nets. Journal of Wildlife Management 72(7): 1628-1633. Godwin, J.C. 2012. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica calvata (Gulf Coast Smooth Softshell). USA: Alabama: Elmore Co. Herpetological Review 43(4): 614-615. Goldsmith, W.M. 1946. Notes on the egg laying habits of the soft-shell turtles. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 61: 447-449. Henning, A.S. 2005. Erfahrungen bei der Aufzucht der Glatten Weichschildkröte Apalone mutica mutica Lesueur, 1827. Radiata 14(1): 23-29. Hill, S.K.; Vodopich, D.S. 2013. Habitat use and basking behavior of a freshwater turtle community along an urban gradient. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 12(2): 275-282. Hubbs, B. 2012. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica (Midland Smooth Softshell). USA: Missouri: Livingston Co. Herpetological Review 43(3): 441. Janzen, F.J.; Warner, D.A. 2009. Parent-offspring conflict and selection on egg size in turtles. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(11): 2222-2230. Krusling, P.J.; Davis, J.G. 1992. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell). USA: Ohio: Hamilton Co. Herpetological Review 23(3): 87. Krusling, P.J.; Gammon, J. 2009. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica mutica (Midland Smooth Softshell). Herpetological Review 40(4): 448. Lindeman, P.V. 2001. A contrast in the basking habits of the sympatric trionychid turtles Apalone mutica and A. spinifera. Herpetological Natural History 8(1): 87-89. Lindeman, P.V. 2001. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica calvata (Gulf Coast Smooth Softshell). Herpetological Review 32(4): 273. Lindeman, P.V. 2001. Notes on nesting by the Smooth Softshell Turtle (Apalone mutica) in a river impoundment in western Kentucky. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science 62(2): 117-120. Lindeman, P.V. 2017. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell). Herpetological Review 48(1): 121. Lindeman, P.V. 2018. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell). Herpetological Review 49(3): 501. McAllister, C.T.; Eddings, T.L. 2001. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica mutica (Midland Smooth Softshell). Herpetological Review 32(4): 274. McCafferty, K.A.; Mann, A.M. 1996. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell). USA: Ohio: Clermont Co. Herpetological Review 27(1): 31. Moler, P.E. 2006. Apalone mutica calvata - Gulf Coast Smooth Softshell Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs 3: 169-172. Mount, R.H. 1969. Distributional notes on two southern turtles. Journal of Herpetology 3: 191. Muehlfeld, T.; Kapfer, J.M. 2009. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica mutica (Midland Smooth Softshell). Herpetological Review 40(2): 235. Muller, J.F. 1921. Notes on the habits of the soft-shell turtle - Amyda mutica. American Midland Naturalist 7: 180-183. Mullins, M.A.; Janzen, F.J. 2006. Phenotypic effects of thermal means and variances on Smooth Softshell Turtle (Apalone mutica) embryos and hatchlings. Herpetologica 62(1): 27-36. Munes, R.J.; Davis, D.R. 2014. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell). Herpetological Review 45(1): 88. Nebeker, A.V.; Bury, R.B. 2001. Response of juvenile softshell turtles (Apalone mutica) in a thermal gradient. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4(1): 162-165. Netting, M.G. 1944. The spineless soft-shelled turtle, Amyda mutica (Le Sueur) in Pennsylvania. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30: 85-87. Pearson, L. 2016. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica mutica (Midland Smooth Softshell). Herpetological Review 47(4): 624. Pearson, L.; Berry, G. 2018. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell). Herpetological Review 49(2): 283. Plummer, M.V. 1976. Reproduction and growth in the turtle, Trionyx muticus. (Abstract). Herpetological Review 7(2): 96. Plummer, M.V. 1976. Some aspects of nesting success in the turtle, Trionyx muticus. Herpetologica 32(4): 353-359. Plummer, M.V. 1977. Activity, habitat and population structure in the turtle, Trionyx muticus. Copeia 1977(3): 431-440. Plummer, M.V. 1977. Notes on the courtship and mating behavior of the soft-shell turtle, Trionyx muticus (Reptilia, Testudines, Trionychidae). Journal of Herpetology 11(1): 90-92. Plummer, M.V. 1977. Population ecology of the softshell turtle Trionyx muticus. Dissertation Abstracts International 37(8): 3815. Plummer, M.V. 1977. Reproduction and growth in the turtle Trionyx muticus. Copeia 1977(3): 440-447. Plummer, M.V. 2001. Natural history notes: Trionyx muticus (Smooth Softshell Turtle). Foraging. Herpetological Review 32(4): 250. Plummer, M.V. 2007. Nest emergence of Smooth Softshell Turtle (Apalone mutica) hatchlings. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 2(1): 61-64. Plummer, M.V.; Lee, T.N.; Mills, N.E. 2008. Effect of a sand substrate on the growth and condition of Apalone mutica hatchlings. Journal of Herpetology 42(3): 550-554. Plummer, M.V.; Pappas, M. 2010. Le Trionyx mutique Apalone mutica (LeSueur, 1827). Cheloniens 18: 8-15. Plummer, M.V.; Shiner, H.W. 1975. Movement patterns in a river population of the softshell turtle, Trionyx muticus. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History University of Kansas 43: 1-26. Reinertsen, C.J.; Mitchell, S.M.; Bao, K.H.; Halvorson, K.M.; Pappas, M.J.; Freedberg, S. 2016. Genetic variation and gene flow at the range edge of two softshell turtles. Journal of Herpetology 50(3): 357-365. Riley, C.M.; Anderson, R.V.; Jenkins, S.E. 2005. Nesting habitat of the softshell turtle, Trionyx mutica, below lock and dam 19, Upper Mississippi River. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 20(3): 513-517. Rowe, J.W.; Miller, B.J.; Stuart, M.A.; Snyder, C.; Tucker, J.K.; Clark, D.L.; Wittle, L.W.; Lamer, J.T. 2014. Substrate color-induced melanization in eight turtle species from four chelonian groups. Zoology (Jena) 117(4): 245-252. Rush, M.S.; Fleharty, E.D. 1981. New county records of amphibians and reptiles in Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 84(4): 204-208. Selman, W.; Qualls, C. 2008. Natural history notes: Graptemys flavimaculata (Yellow-blotched Map Turtle). Interspecific basking site competition. Herpetological Review 39(2): 214-215. Shaffer, S.A.; Briggler, J.T.; Gitzen, R.A.; Millspaugh, J.J. 2017. Abundance and harvest proportion of river turtles in Missouri. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 32(1): 541-555 Shields, L.M.; Lindeborg, R.G. 1956. Records of the spineless soft-shelled turtle and the snapping turtle from New Mexico. Copeia 1956: 120-121. Smith, J.R.; Brown, C.; Thornton, O.W. 1996. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica mutica (Midland Smooth Softshell). USA: Texas: McCulloch Co. Herpetological Review 27(1): 31. Steen, D.A.; Dziadzio, M.C.; Parker, T.D.; Vogel, H.J.; Webb, K.Q.; Hopkins, W.A. 2012. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell). USA: Tennessee: Roane Co. Herpetological Review 43(4): 614. Tamplin, J.W. 2010. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica mutica (Midlands Smooth Softshell). Herpetological Review 41(2): 242. Tucker, J.K.; Cosgriff, R.J.; Towey, J.B. 2000. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell). USA: Illinois: Calhoun Co. Herpetological Review 31(2): 110. Tucker, J.K.; Cosgriff, R.J.; Towey, J.B. 2000. Geographic distribution: Apalone mutica (Smooth Softshell). USA: Missouri: St. Charles Co. Herpetological Review 31(2): 110. Tucker, J.K.; Lamer, J.T.; Dolan, C.R.; Dustman, E.A. 2006. Natural history notes: Chelonian species. Record carapace lengths for Illinois. Herpetological Review 37(4): 453-455. Watermolen, D.J. 2004. Softshell turtles (Apalone spp.) as bald eagle prey. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 39(4): 69-70. Webb, R.G. 1959. Description of a new softshell turtle from the southeastern United States. University of Kansas Publications of the Museum of Natural History 11: 517-525. Webb, R.G. 1973. Trionyx muticus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 139: 1-2. Williams, T.A.; Christiansen, J.L. 1981. The niches of two sympatric softshell turtles, Trionyx muticus and Trionyx spiniferus, in Iowa. Journal of Herpetology 15(3): 303-308. Zimmer-Shaffer, S.A.; Briggler, J.T.; Millspaugh, J.J. 2014. Modeling the effects of commercial harvest on population growth of river turtles. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 13(2): 227-236. Apalone spinifera Anonymous. 1992. Erstmals Weichschildkröten im Exotarium geschlüpft. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 45(1): 10. Anonymous. 1992. Weichschildkröten im Exotarium geschlüpft. TI-Magazin 110: 62. Alexander, J.D. 1961. Notes on the Gulf Coast softshell in the vicinity of Albany. Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 9(5): 11-14. Allen, W.B. 1955. Some notes on reptiles. Herpetologica 11: 228. Averill-Murray, R.C. 2007. Spiny Softshell (Apalone spinifera). Sonoran Herpetologist 20(9): 94-95. Babbitt, L.H. 1936. Soft-shelled turtles in Vermont. Bull. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. 78: 10. Barko, V.; Briggler, J.T. 2006. Midland Smooth Softshell Apalone mutica and Spiny Softshell Apalone spinifera turtles in the middle Mississippi River: habitat associations, population structure, and implications for conservation. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 5(2): 225-231. Barko, V.A.; Briggler, J.T. 2006. Midland Smooth Softshell (Apalone mutica) and Spiny Softshell (Apalone spinifera) turtles in the Middle Mississippi River: habitat associations, population structure, and implications for conservation. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 5(2): 225-231. Beane, J.C.; Alford, S.L. 1994. Geographic distribution: Apalone spinifera aspera (Gulf Coast Spiny Softshell). Herpetological Review 25(1): 32. Berry, G.A.; Pearson, L.S. 2018. Geographic distribution: Apalone spinifera (Spiny Softshell). Herpetological Review 49(4): 710. Black, J.H.; Shannon, S.L. 1978. Geographic distribution: Trionyx spiniferus hartwegi. USA: Oklahoma: Creek and Okfuskee Co. Herpetological Review 9(4): 142. Bolton, R.M.; Brooks, R.J. 2010. Impact of the seasonal invasion of Phragmites australis (Common Reed) on turtle reproductive success. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 9(2): 238-243. Braun, A.P.; Phelps, Q.E. 2016. Habitat use by five turtle species in the Middle Mississippi River. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 15(1): 62-68. Breckenridge, W.J. 1957. A large spiny soft-shelled turtle. Copeia 1957: 232. Breckenridge, W.J. 1960. A spiny soft-shelled turtle nest study. Herpetologica 16: 284-285. Brodman, R.; Gramhofer, M.; Marsh, A.; Finkler, M.S.; Horton, J. 2014. Geographic distribution: Apalone spinifera (Spiny Softshell). Herpetological Review 45(2): 279. 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USA: Missouri. Herpetological Review 34(3): 260. Burke, R.L. 1994. Natural history notes: Apalone spinifera (Spiny Softshell). Extreme kyphosis. Herpetological Review 25(1): 23. Butterfield, B.P.; Albert, C.L. 2014. Geographic distribution: Apalone spinifera (Spiny Softshell). Herpetological Review 45(4): 656. Butterfield, B.P.; Barton, L.J.; Self-Davis, M.L.; Butterfield, J.B. 2012. Geographic distribution: Apalone spinifera (Spiny Softshell). USA: Tennessee: Hardin Co. Herpetological Review 43(4): 615. Campbell, H.W.; Christman, S.P. 1980. Geographic distribution: Trionyx spiniferus asperus. Herpetological Review 11(1): 14. Carpenter, C.R. 1981. Life history notes: Trionyx spiniferus (Spiny Softshell). Morphology. Herpetological Review 12(3): 82. Casper, G.S. 2001. Geographic distribution: Apalone spinifera spinifera (Eastern Spiny Softshell). Herpetological Review 32(3): 191. Cochran, P.A. 1982. Geographic distribution: Trionyx spiniferus (Spiny Softshell Turtle). 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