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Authors: Ea-Ez Eade, P. 1893. A further note upon Tortoises. Transactions Norfolk Soc. 5: 368-370. Eady, B. 1984. Breeding tortoises. Rephiberary 85: 3. Eady, B. 1986. An exercise in co-operative breeding of tortoises. Rephiberary 107: 7. Eady, B. 1987. A case of anorexia in a juvenile leopard tortoise. Rephiberary 112: 3-4. Eady, B. 1987. Breeding marginated tortoises. Rephiberary 119: 1-2. Eagle, L.; Hamann, M.; Low, D.R. 2016. The role of social marketing, marine turtles and sustainable tourism in reducing plastic pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin 107(1): 324-332. Eakin, R.M. 1970. A third eye. American Scientist 58: 73-79. Eakin, R.M. 1973. The third eye. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles & London. 157 pp. Eales, J.; Thorpe, R.S. 2010. Revealing the geographic origin of an invasive lizard: the problem of native population genetic diversity. Biological Invasions 12(1): 77-86. Eales, J.; Thorpe, R.S.; Malhotra, A. 2010. Colonization history and genetic diversity: adaptive potential in early stage invasions. Molecular Ecology 19(14): 2858-2869. Ealy, M.J.; Fleet, R.R.; Rudolph, D.C. 2004. Diel activity patterns of the Louisiana pine snake (Pituophis ruthveni) in eastern Texas. Texas Journal of Science 56(4): 383-394. Eames, S.M.; Balazs, G.H.; Work, T.M.; Rameyer, R.A.; Parker, D.M.; Murakawa, S.K.K. 2006. Organ weights of Green Turtles stranded in the Hawaiian Islands. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC 536: 210-212. Earl, J.E.; Harper, E.B.; Hocking, D.J.; Osbourn, M.S.; Rittenhouse, T.A.G.; Glennie, M.; Semlitsch, R.D. 2017. Relative importance of timber harvest and habitat for reptiles in experimental forestry plots. Forest Ecology and Management 402: 21-28 Earle, A. 1996. Wildlife rehabilitation bibliography. Part 2A. Mammalia, Reptilia, Amphibia. University of Pretoria, Pretoria. pp. 1-630. Earle, A. 1996. Wildlife rehabilitation bibliography. Part 2B. Mammalia, Reptilia, Amphibia. University of Pretoria, Pretoria. pp. 631-1246. Earle, A.M. 1958. Albinism in the prairie ring-necked snake. Herpetologica 13: 272. Earle, A.M. 1961. An additional note on the ear of Holbrookia maculata. Copeia 1961(3): 355. Earle, A.M. 1962. The middle ear of the genus Uma compared to those of the other sand lizards. Copeia 1962: 185-188. Earle, S.A. 1972. The influence of herbivores on the marine plants of Great Lameshur Bay, with an annotated list of plants. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Bulletin 1972(14): 17-44. Earley, R.L.; Attum, O.; Eason, P. 2002. Varanid combat: perspectives from game theory. Amphibia-Reptilia 23(4): 469-485. Earnhart, V.; Smith, E.N. 1977. A comparison of thermal time constant of aquatic and terrestrial turtles. Herpetological Review 8(3)(Suppl.): 7-8. Easa, P.S.; Ramachandran, K.K. 2004. Biodiversity documentation for Kerala. Part 10. Reptiles. Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi. 57 pp. Easa, P.S.; Thomas, J. 1996. A record clutch size of Rat Snake. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 93(3): 591-592. Eason, G.W.; McMillan, D.R. 2000. Geographic distribution: Hemidactylus turcicus (Mediterranean Gecko). Herpetological Review 31(1): 53. Eason, P.; Ferguson, G.W.; Hebrard, J. 1988. Variation in Chamaeleo jacksonii (Sauria, Chamaeleontidae): description of a new subspecies. Copeia 1988(3): 580-590. Eason, P.K. 1990. The effect of recent diet on prey choice in Senegalese chameleons (Chamaeleo senegalensis). Journal of Herpetology 24(4): 383-387. Eason, P.K.; Stamps, J.A. 1992. The effect of visibility on territory size and shape. Behavioral Ecology 3(2): 166-172. East, C.S. 1927. Note on the occurrence of the sixed-lined racerunner in the District of Columbia. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 17: 399. East, K.T. 1995. Pollen digestion in Galapagos Lava Lizards. Noticias de Galapagos 55: 8-14. East, M.B.; Fillmore, B.M.; Ligon, D.B. 2013. Feeding behavior of captive-reared juvenile Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys temminckii). Southeastern Naturalist 12(4): 692-702. East, M.B.; Ligon, D.B. 2013. Comparison of diet among reintroduced and wild juvenile Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) and adult female Ouachita Map Turtles (Graptemys ouachitensis). Southwestern Naturalist 58(4): 450-458. Easter, D. 1983. Leatherback Turtles. Maximizing the resource of life. Oceans 16(1): 3-7. Easterla, D.A. 1967. Black rat snake preys upon gray Myotis and winter observations of red bats. American Midland Naturalist 77: 527-528. Easterla, D.A. 1975. Giant desert centipede preys upon snake. Southwestern Naturalist 20(3): 411. Easterla, D.A. 1975. Reproductive and ecological observations on Tantilla rubra cucullata from Big Bend National Park, Texas (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 31(2): 234-236. Easterla, D.A. 1978. The Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, at Big Bend National Park, Texas. Texas Journal of Science 30(2): 199. Easterla, D.A.; Reynolds, R.C. 1975. Additional records and ecological notes on the reticulated gecko, Coleonyx reticulatus (Davis and Dixon), from the southern Trans-Pecos of southwestern Texas. Journal of Herpetology 9(2): 233-236. Eastlea, D.A. 1975. Herpetological records for northwest Missouri. Transactions Mo. Acad. Sci. 6: 158-160. Eastman, C.L.; Eastman, R.M. 1994. The captive breeding and husbandry of the Bibrons gecko (Pachydactylus bibronii). ASRA (Association for the Study of Reptilia and Amphibia) Journal 1994: 13-16. Eastman, S.F.; Eastman, C.B. 2012. Natural history notes: Caretta caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 43(3): 473. Easton, E.R.; Leung, V. 1993. An annotated list of the reptiles and amphibians of Macau, southeast Asia. Herpetological Review 24(4): 158-160. Eatherley, D. 2015. Bushmaster: Raymond Ditmars and the Hunt for the World's Largest Viper. Arcade Publishing. 319 pp. Eaton, J.M.; Howard, K.G.; Powell, R. 2001. Geographic distribution: Anolis carolinensis (Green Anole). Herpetological Review 32(2): 118. Eaton, J.M.; Larimer, S.C.; Howard, K.G.; Powell, R.; Parmerlee, J.S. 2002. Population densities and ecological release of the solitary lizard Anolis gingivinus in Anguilla, West Indies. Caribbean Journal of Science 38(1-2): 27-36. Eaton, M.J.; Link, W.A. 2011. Estimating age from recapture data: integrating incremental growth measures with ancillary data to infer age-at-length. Ecological Applications 21(7): 2487-2497. Eaton, M.J.; Martin, A.; Thorbjarnarson, J.B.; Amato, G. 2009. Species-level diversification of African dwarf crocodiles (genus Osteolaemus): a geographic and phylogenetic perspective. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 50(3): 496-506. Eaton, T.H. 1935. Amphibians and reptiles of the Navaho Country. Copeia 1935: 150-151. Eaton, T.H. 1945. Herpetological notes from Allegany State Park, New York. Copeia 1945: 115. Eaton, T.H. 1947. Box turtle eating a horned toad. Copeia 1947: 270. Eayrs, S. 2004. Reducing turtle mortality in shrimp-trawl fisheries in Australia, Kuwait and Iran. FAO Fisheries Reports 738: 179-194. (Supplement). Ebbels, D.L. 1973. An introduction to the natural history of Mwanza Gulf, Smith Sound, and adjacent areas, Tanzania. 2. Animal life. Bulletin E. Afr. nat. Hist. Soc. 1973(June): 78-81. Ebendal, T. 1968. [Vertebrate fauna of Björkskär Archipelago]. (In Swedish). Fauna Flora (Uppsala) 1968: 155-161. Ebenezer, I.P.; Jerold-Joel, J. 1992. On the landing of a Leatherback Turtle. Indian Council of Agricultural Research Marine Fisheries Information Service Technical and Extension Series 118: 20, 27. Ebenhack, A. 2012. Health Care & Rehabilitation of Turtles and Tortoises. Living Art Publishing, Ada, Oklahoma. 393 pp. Eberle, M.; Kappeler, P.M. 2008. Mutualism, reciprocity, or kin selection? Cooperative rescue of a conspecific from a boa in a nocturnal solitary forager the gray mouse lemur. American Journal of Primatology 70(4): 410-414. Eberle, W.G. 1972. Comparative chromosomal morphology of the New World natricine snake genera Natrix and Regina. Herpetologica 28(2): 98-105. Eberling, G. 2001. Haltung und Nachzucht von Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1853). Draco 2(8): 61-71. Eberling, G. 2001. Haltung und Vermehrung der Gelbkopfschildkröte, Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1853). Elaphe 9(2): 2-10. Eberling, G. 2004. Beobachtungen bei der kombinierten Freiland- und Innenhaltung der Argentinischen Landschildkröte (Geochelone chilensis). Schildkröten im Fokus 1(2): 3-10. Eberling, G. 2005. Beobachtungen bei der Aufzucht von Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1853). Schildkröten im Fokus 2(3): 3-12. Ebert, J.; Mueller, S.; Westhoff, G. 2007. Behavioural examination of the infrared sensitivity of ball pythons. Journal of Zoology (London) 272(3): 340-347. Ebert, J.; Westhoff, G. 2006. Behavioural examination of the infrared sensitivity of rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox). Journal of Comparative Physiology A Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology 192(9): 941-947. Ebner, R. 1913. Beiträge zur Herpetologie von Griechenland. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 63: 307-314. Ebrahimi, M.; Ahmadzadeh, F.; Mostafavi, H.; Mehrabian, A.R.; Abdoli, A.; Mahini, A.S. 2013. The ecological associations of surface-dwelling lizards in Qom Province in the northwest of Central Plateau of Iran. PLoS ONE 8(12): e83890, 1-10. Ebrahimi, M.; Fenner, A.L.; Michael, B.C. 2012. Lizard behaviour suggests a new design for artificial burrows. Wildlife Research 39(4): 295-300. Ebrahimi, M.; Godfrey, S.S.; Fenner, A.L.; Bull, C.M. 2016. Scatting behaviour of the Pygmy Bluetongue Lizard. Amphibia-Reptilia 37(2): 207-213. Ebrahimi, M.; Godfrey, S.S.; Fenner, A.L.; Michael, B.C. 2014. Mating behaviour in Pygmy Bluetongue Lizards: do females 'attract' male lizards. Australian Journal of Zoology 62(6): 491-497. Ebrahimi, M.; Michael, B.C. 2012. Lycosid spiders are friends and enemies of the endangered Pygmy Bluetongue Lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 136(1): 45-49. Ebrahimi, M.; Michael, B.C. 2014. Resources and their distribution can influence social behaviour at translocation sites: Lessons from a lizard. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 156: 94-104. Ebrahimi, M.; Michael, B.C. 2014. Short-term dispersal response of an endangered Australian lizard varies with time of year. PLoS ONE 9(8): e106002. Ebrahimi, M.; Michael, B.C. 2014. Visual conspecific cues will not help in pygmy bluetongue lizard translocations. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 151: 102-109. Ebrahimi, M.; Michael, B.C. 2015. Behavioural changes in an endangered grassland lizard resulting from simulated agricultural activities. Journal of Arid Environments 113: 102-107. Ebrahimi, M.; Schofield, J.A.; Michael, B.C. 2012. Getting your feet wet: responses of the endangered pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis) to rain induced burrow flooding. Herpetology Notes 5: 297-301. Ebrahimi, M.; Schofield, J.A.; Michael, B.C. 2012. Natural history notes: Tiliqua adelaidensis (Pygmy Bluetongue Lizard). Alternate refuge. Herpetological Review 43(4): 652-653. Ebrahimipour, F.; Rastegar-Pouyani, E.; Ghorbani, B. 2016. A preliminary study of the reptile’s fauna in northwestern Yazd Province, Iran. Russian Journal of Herpetology 23(4): 243-248. Ebwekoh, O.; Wild, C. 1996. A case of predation on a mountain chameleon Chamaeleo montium by a white crested hornbill Buceros albochristatus. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 55: 43. Echelle, A.A. 1990. In defense of the phylogenetic species concept and the ontological status of hybridogenetic taxa. Herpetologica 46(1): 109-113. Echelle, A.A.; Hackler, J.C.; Lack, J.B.; Ballard, S.R.; Roman, J.; Fox, S.F.; Leslie, D.M.; Bussche, R.A. van den 2010. Conservation genetics of the Alligator Snapping Turtle: cytonuclear evidence of range-wide bottleneck effects and unusually pronounced geographic structure. Conservation Genetics 11(4): 1375-1387. Echelle, A.A.; Echelle, A.F. 1972. Observations of fish-eating and maintenance behavior in two species of Basiliscus. Copeia 1972(2): 387-389. Echelle, A.A.; Echelle, A.F. 1972. Observations of fish-eating and maintenance behavior of Basiliscus. Copeia 1972(2): 387-389. Echelle, A.A.; Echelle, A.F.; Fitch, H.S. 1971. A comparative analysis of aggressive display in nine species of Costa Rican Anolis. Herpetologica 27: 271-288. Echelle, A.A.; Echelle, A.F.; Fitch, H.S. 1971. A new anole from Costa Rica. Herpetologica 27: 354-362. Echelle, A.F.; Echelle, A.A.; Fitch, H.S. 1978. Behavioral evidence for species status of Anolis uniformis (Cope). Herpetologica 34(2): 205-207. Echelle, A.F.; Echelle, A.A.; Fitch, H.S. 1978. Inter- and intraspecific allometry in a display organ: the dewlap of Anolis (Iguanidae) species. Copeia 1978(2): 245-250. Echerlin, R.P. 1991. The herpetofauna of George Washington Birthplace National Monument, Virginia. Catesbeiana 11(1): 11-17. Echevarria, L.Y. 2014. Distribution extension of the endemic lizard Macropholidus huancabambae (Reeder, 1996) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae). Herpetology Notes 7: 167-168. Echevarría, L.Y.; Barboza, A.C.; Venegas, P.J. 2015. A new species of montane gymnophthalmid lizard, genus Cercosaura (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), from the Amazon slope of northern Peru. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 9(1): 34-44. Echevarria, L.Y.; Venegas, P.J. 2013. Natural history notes: Petracola ventrimaculatus (Spotted Lightbulb Lizard). Cannibalism. Herpetological Review 44(4): 678-679. Echevarría, L.Y.; Venegas, P.J. 2015. Natural history notes: Eutrachelophis bassleri. Coloration and photographs in life. Herpetological Review 46(3): 449. Echternacht, A.C. 1964. Albino specimens from Arizona. Herpetologica 20: 211-212. Echternacht, A.C. 1967. Ecological relationships of two species of the lizard genus Cnemidophorus in the Santa Rita Mountains of Arizona. American Midland Naturalist 78: 448-459. Echternacht, A.C. 1968. Distributional and ecological notes on some reptiles from northern Honduras. Herpetologica 24: 151-158. Echternacht, A.C. 1970. Taxonomic and ecological notes on some Middle and South American lizards of the genus Ameiva (Teiidae). Breviora 354: 1-9. Echternacht, A.C. 1971. Middle American lizards of the genus Ameiva (Teiidae) with emphasis on geographic variation. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publications 55: 1-86. Echternacht, A.C. 1973. The color pattern of Sonora michoacanensis (Duges) (Serpentes, Colubridae) and its bearing on the origin of the species. Breviora 410: 1-18. Echternacht, A.C. 1974. Taxonomic notes on and redescriptions of two lizards of the genus Ameiva (Teiidae). Herpetologica 30(3): 244-248. Echternacht, A.C. 1976. The Ameiva (Sauria, Teiidae) of trans-Andean South America: trends in geographic variation and a new species. (Abstract). Herpetological Review 7(2): 80. Echternacht, A.C. 1977. A new species of lizard of the genus Ameiva (Teiidae) from the Pacific lowlands of Colombia. Copeia 1977(1): 1-7. Echternacht, A.C. 1977. A zoogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of the West Indies. Herpetological Review 8(3)(Suppl.): 8. Echternacht, A.C. 1983. Ameiva and Cnemidophorus (chisbalas, macroteid lizards). pp. 375-379. In: Janzen, D.H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 816 pp. Echternacht, A.C. 2004. Species profile: Ground Boas (Tropidophis) of the Cayman Islands. Iguana (West Hartford) 11(3): 151-152. Echternacht, A.C.; Burton, F.J.; Blumenthal, J.M. 2011. The amphibians and reptiles of the Cayman Islands: Conservation issues in the face of invasions. pp. 129-148. In: Hailey, A.; Wilson, B.S. & Horrocks, J.A. (eds.). Conservation of Caribbean Island herpetofaunas. Vol. 2. Regional accounts of the West Indies. Brill, Leiden & Boston. 439 pp. Echternacht, A.C.; Burton, F.J. 2002. Geographic distribution: Hemidactylus mabouia (Amerafrican House Gecko). Herpetological Review 33(2): 148. Echternacht, A.C.; Burton, F.J. 2003. Geographic distribution: Ramphotyphlops braminus (Brahminy Blindsnake): British West Indies. Herpetological Review 34(3): 265-266. Echternacht, A.C.; Gerber, G.P.; Burton, F.J. 2000. Natural history notes: Anolis conspersus (Grand Cayman Blue-throated Anole). Nectivory. Herpetological Review 31(3): 173. Echternacht, A.C.; Wilson, M.A.; Michaud, E.J.; Macdonald, D.M. 1995. Geographic distribution: Anolis sagrei (Brown Anole). USA: Georgia: Lowndes Co. Herpetological Review 26(2): 107. Echwikhi, K.; Jribi, I.; Bouain, A.; Bradai, M.N. 2011. Loggerhead Turtle bycatch in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia: an overview. Marine Turtle Newsletter 131: 9-12. Echwikhi, K.; Jribi, I.; Bradai, M.N.; Bouain, A. 2010. Effect of type of bait on pelagic longline fishery-Loggerhead Turtle interactions in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia). Aquatic Conservation 20(5): 525-530. Echwikhi, K.; Jribi, I.; Bradai, M.N.; Bouain, A. 2010. Gillnet fishery - Loggerhead Turtle interactions in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia. Herpetological Journal 20(1): 25-30. Echwikhi, K.; Jribi, I.; Bradai, M.N.; Bouain, A. 2011. Effect of bait on Sea Turtles bycatch rates in pelagic longlines: An overview. Amphibia-Reptilia 32(4): 493-502. Echwikhi, K.; Jribi, I.; Bradai, M.N.; Bouain, A. 2012. Interactions of Loggerhead Turtle with bottom longline fishery in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92(4): 853-858. Echwikhi, K.; Jribi, I.; Bradai, M.N.; Bouain, A. 2012. Overview of Loggerhead Turtles coastal nets interactions in the Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Conservation 22(6): 827-835. Echwikhi, K.; Jribi, I.; Bradai, M.N.; Bouain, A. 2013. Impact des filets maillants sur la tortue marine Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) dans le golfe de Gabès (Tunisie). Bulletin de la Société Herpétologique de France 147: 279-287. Echwikhi, K.; Jribi, I.; Bradai, M.N.; Bouain, A. 2013. Interaction de la caouanne Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) avec la palangre de surface dans le golfe de Gabès en Tunisie: impact selon le type d'appât. Bulletin de la Société Herpétologique de France 147: 289-298. Eckardt, V.; Richter, K. 1997. Ein neuer Nachweis von Kannibalismus bei Lacerta agilis L. im Freiland. Die Eidechse 8(2): 60-61. Eckel, E.C. 1901. The snakes of New York state: an annotated check list. American Naturalist 35: 151-155. Eckel, E.C. 1902. On the color variations of the Common Garter Snake. American Naturalist 36: 481-490. Eckel, E.C.; Paulmier, F.C. 1902. Catalogue of New York reptiles and batrachians. Bull. N. York Mus. 51: 355-414. Eckert, J. 2003. Brown falcon subdued by prey. South Australian Ornithologist 34(2-3): 85-86. Eckert, K.; Eckert, S. 1984. St. Croix leatherback project - 1984 season. Marine Turtle Newsletter 31: 4-6. Eckert, K.; Eckert, S. 1989. The Leathery Turtle. Underwater Naturalist 18(1): 18-24. Eckert, K.; Eckert, S.A. 1989. The application of plastic tags to Leatherback Sea Turtles, Dermochelys coriacea. Herpetological Review 20(4): 90-91. Eckert, K.L. 1987. Environmental unpredictability and Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) nest loss. Herpetologica 43(3): 315-323. Eckert, K.L. 1991. Caribbean nations vote to protect Sea Turtles. Marine Turtle Newsletter 54: 3-4. Eckert, K.L. 1991. Sea Turtles recommended for protection in the Caribbean. Marine Turtle Newsletter 52: 30. Eckert, K.L. 1995. Anthropogenic threats to Sea Turtles. pp. 611-612. In: Bjorndal, K.A. (ed.). Biology and conservation of sea turtles. Revised edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington & London. 615 pp. Eckert, K.L. 1999. Designing a conservation program. pp. 6-8. In: Eckert, K.L.; Bjorndal, K.A.; Abreu-Grobois, F.A. & Donnelly, M. (eds.). Research and management techniques for the conservation of sea turtles. IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group, Washington, D.C. 235 pp. Eckert, K.L. 2003. Twenty years of partnerships: WIDECAST, the Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservation Network. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC 503: 13-14. Eckert, K.L. 2010. Guest editorial: marine turtles of the wider Caribbean region. Marine Turtle Newsletter 127: 1-5. Eckert, K.L.; Bjorndal, K.A.; Abreu-Grobois, F.A.; Donnelly, M. (eds.) 1999. Research and management techniques for the conservation of Sea Turtles. IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group, Washington, D.C. 235 pp. Eckert, K.L.; Eckert, S.A. 1987. Growth rate and reproductive condition of the barnacle Conchoderma virgatum on gravid Leatherback Sea Turtles in Caribbean waters. Journal of Crustacean Biology 7(4): 682-690. Eckert, K.L.; Eckert, S.A. 1988. Pre-reproductive movements of Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting in the Caribbean. Copeia 1988(2): 400-406. Eckert, K.L.; Eckert, S.A. 1990. Tagging hatchling Leatherback Sea Turtles. Marine Turtle Newsletter 51: 17-19. Eckert, K.L.; Eckert, S.A. (eds.) 1990. Turtle 'encased in tar'... recovering in captivity. Marine Turtle Newsletter 48: 29. Eckert, K.L.; Eckert, S.A. (eds.). 1989. IUCN resolution urges maximum size limits, protection of habitat, TED's. Marine Turtle Newsletter 44: 1-3. Eckert, K.L.; Eckert, S.A.; Adams, T.W.; Tucker, A.D. 1989. Inter-nesting migrations by Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in the West Indies. Herpetologica 45(2): 190-194. Eckert, K.L.; Luginbuhl, C. 1988. Death of a giant. Marine Turtle Newsletter 43: 2-3. Eckert, S.; Eckert, K. 1983. U.S. Virgin Islands: leatherback project. Marine Turtle Newsletter 24: 4. Eckert, S.; McDonald, D.; Dutton, P. 1994. Natural history notes: Dermochelys coriacea (Leatherback Sea Turtle). Billfish interaction. Herpetological Review 25(2): 63-64. Eckert, S.A. 1995. Telemetry and the behavior of Sea Turtles. pp. 583-584. In: Bjorndal, K.A. (ed.). Biology and conservation of sea turtles. Revised edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington & London. 615 pp. Eckert, S.A. 1999. Data acquisition systems for monitoring Sea Turtle behavior and physiology. pp. 88-93. In: Eckert, K.L.; Bjorndal, K.A.; Abreu-Grobois, F.A. & Donnelly, M. (eds.). Research and management techniques for the conservation of sea turtles. IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group, Washington, D.C. 235 pp. Eckert, S.A. 2002. Distribution of juvenile Leatherback Sea Turtle Dermochelys coriacea sightings. Marine Ecology Progress Series 230: 289-293. Eckert, S.A. 2002. Swim speed and movement patterns of gravid Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) at St Croix, US Virgin Islands. Journal of Experimental Biology 205(23): 3689-3697. Eckert, S.A. 2006. High-use oceanic areas for Atlantic Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) as identified using satellite telemetered location and dive information. Marine Biology (Berlin) 149(5): 1257-1267. Eckert, S.A.; Bagley, D.; Kubis, S.; Ehrhart, L.; Johnson, C.; Stewart, K.; DeFreese, D. 2006. Internesting and postnesting movements and foraging habitats of Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting in Florida. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 5(2): 239-248. Eckert, S.A.; Eckert, K.L. 1986. Harnessing leatherbacks. Marine Turtle Newsletter 37: 1-3. Eckert, S.A.; Eckert, K.L.; Ponganis, P.; Kooyman, G.L. 1989. Diving and foraging behavior of Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea). Canadian Journal of Zoology 67(11): 2834-2840. Eckert, S.A.; Liew, H.C.; Eckert, K.L.; Chan, E.H. 1996. Shallow water diving by Leatherback Turtles in the South China Sea. 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Steroids and Reproductive Biology of the Blotched Blue-tongued Lizard, Tiliqua nigrolutea. B.Sc. (Hons.) thesis, University of Tasmania. Edwards, A.; Gardner, C. 2010. Individual markings are a reliable non-invasive means of identification over time in blotched blue-tongued lizards, Tiliqua nigrolutea. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 40(1): 26-29. Edwards, A.; Jones, S.M. 2003. Mating behaviour in the blotched blue-tongued lizard Tiliqua nigrolutea, in captivity. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 33(2): 60-64. Edwards, A.; Jones, S.M. 2004. Gestation, parturition and neonatal behaviour in the Blotched Blue-tongued Lizard, Tiliqua nigrolutea, in captivity: observations of maternal car in a viviparous lizard. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 34(2): 113-118. Edwards, A.; Jones, S.M.; Wapstra, E. 2002. Multiennial reproduction in females of a viviparous, temperate-zone skink, Tiliqua nigrolutea. Herpetologica 58(4): 407-414. Edwards, A.; Tyler, M.J. 1990. Reptiles & amphibians. pp. 55-67. In: Watts, C.H.S. (ed.). A list of the vertebrates of South Australia. Biological Survey Coordinating Committee and the Department of Environment and Planning, Adelaide. (overall pagination unknown). Edwards, A.L.; Blouin-Demers, G. 2007. Thermoregulation as a function of thermal quality in a northern population of Painted Turtles Chrysemys picta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 85(4): 526-535. Edwards, C.L. 1896. Notes on the biology of Phrynosoma cornutum, Harlan. Zoologischer Anzeiger 19: 108-111. Edwards, C.L. 1903. A note on Phrynosoma. Science 2(17): 826-827. Edwards, D.L.; Benavides, E.; Garrick, R.C.; Gibbs, J.P.; Russello, M.A.; Dion, K.B.; Hyseni, C.; Flanagan, J.P.; Tapia, W.; Caccone, A. 2013. The genetic legacy of Lonesome George survives: giant tortoises with Pinta Island ancestry identified in Galapagos. Biological Conservation 157: 225-228. Edwards, D.L.; Garrick, R.C.; Tapia, W.; Caccone, A. 2014. Cryptic structure and niche divergence within threatened Galapagos giant tortoises from southern Isabela Island. Conservation Genetics 15(6): 1357-1369. Edwards, D.L.; Keogh, J.S.; Knowles, L.L. 2012. Effects of vicariant barriers, habitat stability, population isolation and environmental features on species divergence in the south-western Australian coastal reptile community. Molecular Ecology 21(15): 3809-3822. Edwards, D.L.; Lacey, K.L. 2014. Species detection and individual assignment in species delimitation: can integrative data increase efficacy. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 281(1777): 20132765. Edwards, D.L.; Melville, J. 2010. Phylogeographic analysis detects congruent biogeographic patterns between a woodland agamid and Australian wet tropics taxa despite disparate evolutionary trajectories. Journal of Biogeography 37(8): 1543-1556. Edwards, D.L.; Melville, J. 2011. Extensive phylogeographic and morphological diversity in Diporiphora nobbi (Agamidae) leads to a taxonomic review and a new species description. Journal of Herpetology 45(4): 530-546. Edwards, D.M. 1953. Viperine snake Natrix maura in Kent. British Journal of Herpetology 1: 174. Edwards, D.M. 1960. Systematic list of the mammals, reptiles and amphibians of North West Kent. Rep. Sidcup Nat. Hist. Soc. 11: 13-22. Edwards, E. 1993. Pseudechis colletti. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 13(4): 113-119. Edwards, G. 1751. Natural history of uncommon birds and some other rare undescribed animals, quadrapedes, reptiles, fishes, insects, etc. Part 4. Royal College of Physicians, London. 248 pp. (Title varies. So many editions, volumes, parts, and translations appeared in various combinations between 1743 and 1751 that publication dates are hard to fix. Part IV appeared as the last part of Vol. II in 1751). Edwards, G.P.; Webb, G.J.; Manolis, S.C.; Mazanov, A. 2017. Morphometric analysis of the Australian freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni). Australian Journal of Zoology 65(2): 97-111 Edwards, J. 1991. It's just the beginning- my experience with Florida Kingsnakes. Snake Breeder 8: 3-4. Edwards, J.; Deas, J. 1993. Further details of the trade in both living and dead reptiles in Java, Indonesia. Herptile 18(2): 77-80. Edwards, J.E. 1962. Notes on the sloughing in captivity of skinks of the genus Tiliqua. Western Australian Naturalist 8: 75-76. Edwards, J.L. 1985. Terrestrial locomotion without appendages. pp. 159-172. In: Hildebrand, M.; Bramble, D.M.; Liem, K.F. & Wake, D.B. (eds.). Functional vertebrate morphology. Belknap Press, Cambridge, Mass. & London. 430 pp. Edwards, J.R.; Lailvaux, S.P. 2012. Display behavior and habitat use in single and mixed populations of Anolis carolinensis and Anolis sagrei lizards. Ethology 118(5): 494-502. Edwards, J.R.; Rochford, M.R.; Mazzotti, F.J.; Krysko, K.L. 2014. New county record for the Veiled Chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus Duméril and Bibron 1851), in Broward County, Florida, with notes on intentional introductions of chameleons in southern Florida. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 21(2): 83–85. Edwards, K. 2010. Haltung und Zucht der Tropfenschildkröte, Clemmys guttata, einem amerikanischen Juwel. Schildkröten im Fokus 7(4): 21-28. Edwards, K.E.; Jones, J.C. 2014. Trapping efficiency and associated mortality of incidentally captured small mammals during herpetofaunal surveys of temporary wetlands. Wildlife Society Bulletin 38(3): 530-535. Edwards, M. 1982. The Rewell Wood: a survey of its southern habitats. West Sussex Wildlife Recording Group Report, Midhurst, Sussex. 125 pp. Edwards, M.A.; Hopwood, A.T. (eds.) 1939. Nomenclator zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus 1758 to the end of 1935. Vol. 6 (1946-1955). Zoological Society, London. 329 pp. Edwards, M.S. 1969. 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Enge, K.M. 2001. The pitfalls of pitfall traps. Journal of Herpetology 35(3): 467-478. Enge, K.M. 2002. Herpetofaunal drift-fence survey of two seepage bogs in Okaloosa County, Florida. Florida Scientist 65(1): 67-82. Enge, K.M. 2003. Geographic distribution: Crocodylus acutus (American Crocodile). Herpetological Review 34(4): 383. Enge, K.M. 2004. Natural history notes: Lampropeltis triangulum elapsoides (Scarlet Kingsnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 35(2): 177-178. Enge, K.M. 2004. Record clutch size for the Southern Hognose Snake (Heterodon simus). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 40(2): 76. Enge, K.M. 2005. Commercial harvest of amphibians and reptiles in Florida for the pet trade. pp. 198-211. In: Meshaka, W.E.; Babbitt, K.J. (eds.). Amphibians and reptiles: status and conservation in Florida. Krieger, Malabar. 318 pp. Enge, K.M. 2005. Florida's commercial trade in rattlesnakes and possible conservation strategies. pp. 212-221. In: Meshaka, W.E.; Babbitt, K.J. (eds.). Amphibians and reptiles: status and conservation in Florida. Krieger, Malabar. 318 pp. Enge, K.M. 2005. Geographic distribution: Rhadinaea flavilata (Pine Woods Littersnake). Herpetological Review 36(4): 470. Enge, K.M. 2005. Herpetofaunal drift-fence surveys of steephead ravines in the Florida panhandle. Southeastern Naturalist 4(4): 657-678. Enge, K.M. 2008. Geographic distribution: Chamaeleo calyptratus (Veiled Chameleon). Herpetological Review 39(3): 367. Enge, K.M. 2010. Geographic distribution: Plestiodon fasciatus (Common Five-lined Skink). Herpetological Review 41(1): 108. Enge, K.M. 2013. Geographic distribution: Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti (Florida Cottonmouth). Herpetological Review 44(3): 475. Enge, K.M. 2015. Natural history notes: Thamnophis sauritus sackenii (Peninsula Ribbonsnake). Defensive behavior / death feigning. Herpetological Review 46(3): 455. Enge, K.M. 2018. Geographic distribution: Leiocephalus carinatus (Northern Curly-tailed Lizard). Herpetological Review 49(1): 74. Enge, K.M.; Benfield, K.D. 2015. Herpetoculture notes: Lampropeltis elapsoides (Scarlet Kingsnake). Size record. Herpetological Review 46(2): 209. Enge, K.M.; Craft, G.; Schmitt, J.T.; Bartolotti, G.L. 2015. Natural history notes: Lampropeltis extenuata (Short-tailed Kingsnake). Defensive behavior. Herpetological Review 46(3): 451. Enge, K.M.; Godwin, C.D.; Mays, J.D. 2015. Geographic distribution: Plestiodon egregius similis (Northern Mole Skink). Herpetological Review 46(2): 218. Enge, K.M.; Godwin, C.D.; Moler, P.E.; Mays, J.D. 2015. Natural history notes: Plestiodon egregius onocrepis (Peninsula Mole Skink). Albinism. Herpetological Review 46(2): 259. Enge, K.M.; Hubbuch, C.; Hoffer, D. 2010. Geographic distribution: Agama agama africana (African Rainbow Lizard). Herpetological Review 41(1): 106. Enge, K.M.; Jernigan, A.; Johnson, R.; Berish, J.E.D.; Moler, P.E.; Thomas, T.M.; Kiltie, R.A. 2012. What the world needs is a better Gopher Tortoise trap. Herpetological Review 43(4): 574-578. Enge, K.M.; Mays, J.D. 2016. Natural history notes: Micrurus fulvius (Harlequin Coralsnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 47(3): 480. Enge, K.M.; Mays, J.D.; Godwin, C.D. 2015. Geographic distribution: Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus (Florida Pinesnake). Herpetological Review 46(2): 221. Enge, K.M.; Mays, J.D.; Harrison, B.B. 2016. Geographic distribution: Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti (Florida Cottonmouth). Herpetological Review 47(1): 82. Enge, K.M.; Mays, J.D.; Krysko, K.L.; MacKenzie-Krysko, C.A.; Butchart, H.W.; Compton, S. 2015. Geographic distribution: Aspidoscelis motaguae (Giant Whiptail). Herpetological Review 46(4): 567. Enge, K.M.; Smith, K. 2015. Natural history notes: Sistrurus miliarius barbouri (Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnake). Albinism. Herpetological Review 46(3): 454. 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Near-infrared and near-ultraviolet reflectivity in selected amphibians and reptiles. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 26(1): 1-9. Erickson, D.B. 1978. Robin feeding upon snake. Murrelet 59(1): 26. Erickson, G.M. 1996. Daily deposition of dentine in juvenile Alligator and assessment of tooth replacement rates using incremental line counts. Journal of Morphology 228(2): 189-194. Erickson, G.M. 1996. Toothlessness in American Alligators, Alligator mississippiensis. Copeia 1996(3): 739-743. Erickson, G.M. 2003. Using external vertebral growth rings to assess longevity in the Bengal monitor (Varanus bengalensis). Copeia 2003(4): 872-878. Erickson, G.M.; Gignac, P.M.; Lappin, A.K.; Vliet, K.A.; Brueggen, J.D.; Webb, G.J.W. 2014. A comparative analysis of ontogenetic bite-force scaling among Crocodylia. Journal of Zoology (London) 292(1): 48-55. Erickson, G.M.; Gignac, P.M.; Steppan, S.J.; Kristopher, L.A.; Vliet, K.A.; Brueggen, J.D.; Inouye, B.D.; Kledzik, D.; Webb, G.J.W. 2012. Insights into the ecology and evolutionary success of crocodilians revealed through bite-force and tooth-pressure experimentation. PLoS ONE 7(3): e31781, 1-12. Erickson, G.M.; Lappin, A.K.; Larson, P. 2005. Androgynous rex - The utility of chevrons for determining the sex of crocodilians and non-avian dinosaurs. Zoology (Jena) 108(4): 277-286. Erickson, G.M.; Lappin, A.K.; Parker, T.; Vliet, K.A. 2004. Comparison of bite-force performance between long-term captive and wild American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Journal of Zoology (London) 262(1): 21-28. Erickson, G.M.; Lappin, A.K.; Vliet, K.A. 2003. The ontogeny of bite-force performance in American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Journal of Zoology (London) 260(3): 317-327. Erickson, J.; Oliveira, D.P. de; Marioni, B.; Farias, I.P. 2015. Analysis of the mating system of Podocnemis sextuberculata in the lower Purus River of the Brazilian Amazon: another record of multiple paternity in chelonians. Salamandra 51(2): 215-220. Erickson, M.M. 1955. Unusual item of food for the gophersnake Pituophis catenifer. Copeia 1955(2): 137-138. Erickson, R.A.; Hamilton, R.A. 1995. Geographic distribution: Lampropeltis getula californiae (California Kingsnake). Herpetological Review 26(4): 210. Ericson, J.A. 2005. The economic roots of species invasions. Iguana (West Hartford) 12(3): 198-203. Eriksen, A.E. 1987. Observations on the reproduction of the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in captivity. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 21-22: 54-56. Eriksen, A.E. 1990. Breeding of the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in the Southern Hemisphere. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 32: 24-27. Eriksen, A.E. 1992. Breeding the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in the southern hemisphere. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 40: 100-101. Eriksen, P.; Phenix, J.; Siler, C.D.; Brown, R.M.; Diesmos, A.C. 2011. Natural history notes: Hologerrhum philippinum (Philippine Stripe-lipped Snake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 42(4): 614. Eriksson, S. 2008. Snakebites in a rural area in northern Vietnam - a southeast Asian context. Herpetological Bulletin 104: 13-21. Erk'akan, F. 1993. Nesting biology of Loggerhead Turtles Caretta caretta L. on Dalyan Beach, Mugla - Turkey. Biological Conservation 66(1): 1-4. Erkinaro, E. 1974. Variationen i huvudplåtarna hos skogsödlan, Lacerta vivipara, i Norra Finland. Fauna (Oslo) 27(2): 85-89. Erler, F. 1976. Biologische Beobachtungen über die Ruderalgesellschaft des ehemaligen Schutt platzgeländes (Aschegrube) Zwickauerstrasse. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundlichen Museums 'Mauritianum' Altenberg 9(1) [1975]: 49-64. Erler, M. 1991. Die Kornnatter. Ein wirklich problemloser Pflegling? DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 44(8): 500-505. Erler, M. 1991. Zwangsfütterung junger Nattern. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 44(6): 368-370. Ermi, Z. 1987. Sino-Japanese Herpetological Symposium held at Guangzhou, China. Herpetological Review 18(2): 27-29. Ernits, P. 1987. Are there any European smooth snakes in Estonia? Eesti Loodus 1987(7): 468-469, 477, 479. Ernits, P. 1993. Do turtles live in present-day Estonia? Eesti Loodus 5-6: 183. Ernits, P. 1994. Kahepaiksed ja roomajad Tallina umbruse soometsades. [Amphibia and reptiles from the area surrounding Tallin.] pp. 78-79. (In Estonian). In: Kukk, T. (ed.). 17 Eesti looduseuurijate paeva ettekannete kokkuvotted: Soomaa Rahvuspargi Loodus: Tipu, 11-12 juuni 1994. [Proceedings of the 17 Estonian naturalists' congress: nature of Soomaa National Park: Tipu, June 11-12, 1994]. Estonian Naturalists' Society, Tartu. 99 pp. Ernst, A. 1889. Lacertilia venezuelana. Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de lagartos que hasta ahora se han encontrado in Venezuela. Rev. Cient. Mus. Venezuela 1: 213-218. Ernst, C.; Laemmerzahl, A.F. 1989. Eastern Hognose Snake eats spotted salamander. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 25(1): 25-26. Ernst, C.H. 1963. An early emergence of the Northern Fence Lizard in Pennsylvania. Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 11(3-4): 40-41. Ernst, C.H. 1965. A case of dichocephaly in Lampropeltis doliata triangulum. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 26: 67-68. Ernst, C.H. 1965. Bait preferences of some freshwater turtles. Journal Ohio Herpetological Society 5(3): 53. Ernst, C.H. 1965. Fang length comparisons of American Agkistrodon. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 26: 12-18. Ernst, C.H. 1966. Overwintering of hatchling Chelydra serpentina in southeastern Pennsylvania. Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 14: 8. Ernst, C.H. 1967. A mating aggregation of the turtle Clemmys guttata. Copeia 1967: 473-474. Ernst, C.H. 1967. Intergradation between the Painted Turtles Chrysemys picta picta and Chrysemys picta dorsalis. Copeia 1967: 131-136. Ernst, C.H. 1967. Notes on the herpetofauna of the White Oak Bird Sanctuary. Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 15: 32-36. Ernst, C.H. 1968. Homing ability in the spotted turtle, Clemmys guttata (Schneider). Herpetologica 24: 77-78. Ernst, C.H. 1969. Color preferences of some North American turtles. Journal of Herpetology 3: 176-180. Ernst, C.H. 1970. Home range of the spotted turtle, Clemmys guttata (Schneider). Copeia 1970: 391-393. Ernst, C.H. 1970. Homing ability in the Painted Turtle, Chrysemys picta (Schneider). Herpetologica 26: 399-403. Ernst, C.H. 1970. Natural history and ecology of the Painted Turtle, Chrysemys picta (Schneider). Dissertation Abstracts International 30B: 3918-3919. Ernst, C.H. 1970. Reproduction in Clemmys guttata. Herpetologica 26: 228-232. Ernst, C.H. 1970. The status of the Painted Turtle, Chrysemys picta, in Tennessee and Kentucky. Journal of Herpetology 4(1-2): 39-45. Ernst, C.H. 1971. Chrysemys picta. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 106: 1-4. Ernst, C.H. 1971. Growth of the Painted Turtle, Chrysemys picta, in southeastern Pennsylvania. Herpetologica 27: 135-141. Ernst, C.H. 1971. Observations of the Painted Turtle, Chrysemys picta. Journal of Herpetology 5: 216-220. Ernst, C.H. 1971. Observations on the egg and hatchling of the American turtle, Chrysemys picta. British Journal of Herpetology 4(9): 224-228. Ernst, C.H. 1971. Population dynamics and activity cycles of Chrysemys picta in southeastern Pennsylvania. Journal of Herpetology 5: 151-160. Ernst, C.H. 1971. Sexual cycles and maturity of the turtle, Chrysemys picta. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 140: 191-200. Ernst, C.H. 1972. Clemmys guttata. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 124: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1972. Clemmys insculpta. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 125: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1972. Temperature-activity relationship in the Painted Turtle, Chrysemys picta. Copeia 1972(2): 217-222. Ernst, C.H. 1973. The distribution of the turtles of Minnesota. Journal of Herpetology 7(1): 42-47. Ernst, C.H. 1974. Effects of hurricane Agnes on a Painted Turtle population. Journal of Herpetology 8(3): 237-240. Ernst, C.H. 1974. Kinosternon baurii. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 161: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1974. Observations on the courtship of male Graptemys pseudogeographica. Journal of Herpetology 8(4): 377-378. Ernst, C.H. 1974. Taxonomic status of the red-bellied snake, Storeria occipitomaculata, in Minnesota. Journal of Herpetology 8(4): 347-351. Ernst, C.H. 1975. Growth of the spotted turtle, Clemmys guttata. Journal of Herpetology 9(3): 313-318. Ernst, C.H. 1976. Ecology of the spotted turtle, Clemmys guttata (Reptilia, Testudines, Testudinidae), in southeastern Pennsylvania. Journal of Herpetology 10(1): 25-33. Ernst, C.H. 1977. Biological notes on the bog turtle, Clemmys muhlenbergii. Herpetologica 33(2): 241-246. Ernst, C.H. 1978. A revision of the Neotropical turtle genus Callopsis (Testudines: Emydidae: Batagurinae). Herpetologica 34(2): 113-134. Ernst, C.H. 1980. Rhinoclemmys annulata. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 250: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1980. Rhinoclemmys areolata. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 251: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1981. Courtship behavior of male Terrapene carolina major (Reptilia, Testudines, Emydidae). Herpetological Review 12(1): 7-8. Ernst, C.H. 1981. Courtship of the African helmeted turtle (Pelomedusa subrufa). British Journal of Herpetology 6(4): 141-142. Ernst, C.H. 1981. Phrynops gibbus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 279: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1981. Rhinoclemmys funerea. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 263 [1980]: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1981. Rhinoclemmys nasuta. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 264 [1980]: 1. Ernst, C.H. 1981. Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 275: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1981. Rhinoclemmys punctularia. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 276: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1981. Rhinoclemmys rubida. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 277: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1981. Rhinoclemmys. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 274: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1982. A study of the fangs of Russell's viper (Vipera russellii). Journal of Herpetology 16(1): 67-71. Ernst, C.H. 1982. A study of the fangs of snakes belonging to the Agkistrodon-complex. Journal of Herpetology 16(1): 72-80. Ernst, C.H. 1982. Environmental temperatures and activities in wild Spotted Turtles, Clemmys guttata. Journal of Herpetology 16(2): 112-120. Ernst, C.H. 1982. Why are more tropical emydid turtles black. Biotropica 14(1): 68. Ernst, C.H. 1983. Geographic variation in the Neotropical turtle, Platemys platycephala. Journal of Herpetology 17(4): 345-355. Ernst, C.H. 1983. Life history notes: Clemmys guttata (Spotted Turtle) X Clemmys muhlenbergii (Bog Turtle). Natural hybrid. Herpetological Review 14(3): 75. Ernst, C.H. 1983. Platemys pallidipectoris. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 325: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1983. Platemys radiolata. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 339: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1983. Platemys spixii. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 326: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1983. Rhinoclemmys annulata (tortuga parda terrestre, jicote, jicotea, brown land turtle]. pp. 416-417. In: Janzen, D.H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 816 pp. Ernst, C.H. 1983. Rhinoclemmys funerea (tortuga negra del rio, jicote, black river turtle). pp. 417-418. In: Janzen, D.H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 816 pp. Ernst, C.H. 1983. Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima (tortuga roja, red turtle). pp. 418-419. In: Janzen, D.H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 816 pp. Ernst, C.H. 1986. Ecology of the turtle, Sternotherus odoratus, in southeastern Pennsylvania. Journal of Herpetology 20(3): 341-352. Ernst, C.H. 1986. Environmental temperatures and activities in the Wood Turtle, Clemmys insculpta. Journal of Herpetology 20(2): 222-229. Ernst, C.H. 1987. Platemys. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 405: 1-4. Ernst, C.H. 1988. Chrysemys. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 438: 1-8. Ernst, C.H. 1988. Cuora mccordi, a new Chinese box turtle from Guangxi Province. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101(2): 466-470. Ernst, C.H. 1988. Redescriptions of two Chinese Cuora (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101(1): 155-161. Ernst, C.H. 1989. Geographic distribution: Thamnophis radix haydenii (Western Plains Garter Snake). Herpetological Review 20(3): 76. Ernst, C.H. 1990. Pseudemys gorzugi. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 561: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 1990. Systematics, taxonomy, variation and geographic distribution of the Slider turtle. pp. 57-67. In: Gibbons, J.W. Life history and ecology of the slider turtle. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. & London. 368 pp. Ernst, C.H. 1992. Trachemys gaigeae. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 538: 1-4. Ernst, C.H. 1992. Venomous reptiles of North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. & London. 236 pp. Ernst, C.H. 1995. Freshwater and terrestrial turtles of the United States: status and prognosis. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 30(11): 225-230. Ernst, C.H. 1998. Geochelone chilensis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 668: 1-5. Ernst, C.H. 1999. Venomous Reptiles of North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 236 pp. Ernst, C.H. 2001. An overview of the North American turtle genus Clemmys Ritgen, 1828. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4(1): 211-216. Ernst, C.H. 2001. Some ecological parameters of the Wood Turtle, Clemmys insculpta, in southeastern Pennsylvania. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4(1): 94-99. Ernst, C.H. 2002. Regina septemvittata. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 757: 757.1-757.5. Ernst, C.H. 2002. Storeria occipitomaculata. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 759: 759.1-759.8. Ernst, C.H. 2003. Ecological parameters of the northern Brown Snake, Storeria dekayi. Herpetological Bulletin 86: 10-19. Ernst, C.H. 2003. Natural history of the Queen Snake, Regina septemvittata, in southeastern Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Herpetological Bulletin 85: 2-11. Ernst, C.H. 2003. Trachemys callirostris. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 768: 1-4. Ernst, C.H. 2003. Trachemys yaquia. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 769: 1-2. Ernst, C.H. 2008. Storeria hidalgoensis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 859: 1-3. Ernst, C.H. 2008. Storeria storerioides. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 860: 1-4. Ernst, C.H. 2008. Trachemys emolli. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 846: 1-3. Ernst, C.H. 2009. Comments on the proposed conservation of usage of Testudo gigantea Schweigger, 1812 (currently Geochelone (Aldabrachelys) gigantea; Reptilia, Testudines). (Case 3463). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 66(3): 275. Ernst, C.H. 2011. Natural history notes: Glyptemys muhlenbergii (Bog Turtle). Low incidence of algae and leeches. Herpetological Review 42(3): 420-421. Ernst, C.H. 2012. Storeria Baird and Girard - American Brownsnakes. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 900: 1-14. Ernst, C.H.; Batistella, A.M.; Vogt, R.C. 2010. Trachemys adiutrix. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 869: 1-4. Ernst, C.H.; Creque, T.R.; Orr, J.M.; Hartsell, T.D.; Laemmerzahl, A.F. 2014. Operating body temperatures in a snake community of northern Virginia. Northeastern Naturalist 21(2): 247-258. Ernst, C.H.; Creque, T.R.; Orr, J.M.; Laemmerzahl, A.F.; Hartsell, T.D. 2016. Characteristics of a snake community in northern Virginia, USA. Herpetological Bulletin 135: 15-23. Ernst, C.H.; D'Alessandro, S.; Laemmerzahl, A.F. 2012. Seasonality of algal and leech attachment on Snapping Turtles, Chelydra serpentina, in southeastern Pennsylvania. Herpetological Review 43(1): 51-54. Ernst, C.H.; Ernst, E.M. 2011. Venomous reptiles of the United States, Canada, and northern Mexico. Volume 1: Heloderma, Micruroides, Micrurus, Pelamis, Agkistrodon, Sistrurus. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 352 pp. Ernst, C.H.; Ernst, E.M. 2012. Venomous reptiles of the United States, Canada, and northern Mexico. Volume 2: Crotalus. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 424 pp. Ernst, C.H.; Laemmerzahl, A.F.; D'Alessandro, S. 2014. Relationship of environmental temperatures and activity of Chelydra serpentina in southeastern Pennsylvania, USA. Herpetological Bulletin 127: 1-9. Ernst, C.H.; Laemmerzahl, A.F.; Lovich, J.E. 2011. Does the "kamaroma"-plastron pattern morph occur in both Philippine subspecies of the turtle Cuora amboinensis? Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 124(4): 259-269. Ernst, C.H.; Laemmerzahl, A.F.; Lovich, J.E. 2016. A morphological review of subspecies of the Asian Box Turtle, Cuora amboinensis (Testudines, Geomydidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 129(1): 144-156. Ernst, C.H.; Lovich, J.E. 2015. Interanal seam loss in Asian turtles of the Cuora flavomarginata complex (Testudines, Geoemydidae). Herpetological Bulletin 132: 1-4. Ernst, C.H.; Orr, J.M.; Creque, T.R.; Laemmerzahl, A.F.; Hartsell, T.D. 2012. Annual and daily activity cycles of snakes in northern Virginia, USA. Herpetological Bulletin 121: 23-28. Ernst, C.H.; Orr, J.M.; Laemmerzahl, A.F.; Creque, T.R. 2014. Variation and zoogeography of the turtle Chrysemys picta in Virginia, USA. Herpetological Bulletin 130: 9-15. Ernst, C.H.; Barbour, R.W. 1989. Snakes of eastern North America. George Mason University Press, Fairfax, Va: 1-282. Ernst, C.H.; Barbour, R.W. 1989. Turtles of the world. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. & London. 313 pp. Ernst, C.H.; Barbour, R.W.; Butler, J.R. 1972. Habitat preferences of two Florida turtles, genus Kinosternon. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 33(1-2): 41-42. Ernst, C.H.; Barbour, R.W.; Ernst, E.M.; Butler, J.R. 1973. Growth of the mud turtle, Kinosternon subrubrum, in Florida. Herpetologica 29(3): 247-250. Ernst, C.H.; Barbour, R.W.; Ernst, E.M.; Butler, J.R. 1974. Subspecific variation and intergradation in Florida Kinosternon subrubrum. Herpetologica 30(3): 317-320. Ernst, C.H.; Barbour, R.W.; Lovich, J.E. 1994. Turtles of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington & London.: I-xxxviii, 1-578. Ernst, C.H.; Belfit, S.C.; Sekscienski, S.W.; Laemmerzahl, A.F. 1997. The amphibians and reptiles of Ft. Belvoir and northern Virginia. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 33(1): 1-62. Ernst, C.H.; Bogadek, A. 2005. Natural history notes: Palea steindachneri (Wattle-necked Softshell). Size. Herpetological Review 36(3): 313. Ernst, C.H.; Boucher, T.P.; Sekscienski, S.W.; Wilgenbusch, J.C. 1995. Fire ecology of the Florida box turtle, Terrapene carolina bauri. Herpetological Review 26(4): 185-187. Ernst, C.H.; Brown, C.W. 2000. Geographic distribution: Ramphotyphlops braminus (Brahminy Blind Snake). Herpetological Review 31(4): 256. Ernst, C.H.; Bury, R.B. 1977. Clemmys muhlenbergii. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 204: 1-2. Ernst, C.H.; Bury, R.B. 1982. Malaclemys. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 299: 1-4. Ernst, C.H.; Cox, W.A.; Marion, K.R. 1989. The distribution and status of the Flattened Musk Turtle, Sternotherus depressus (Testudines: Kinosternidae). Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 27(1): 1-20. Ernst, C.H.; Creque, T.R.; Hansknecht, K.A. 2001. Natural history notes: Kinosternon subrubrum (Eastern Mud Turtle). Early nesting. Herpetological Review 32(2): 103-104. Ernst, C.H.; Ernst, E.M. 1969. Turtles of Kentucky. International Turtle and Tortoise Society Journal 3(5): 13-15. Ernst, C.H.; Ernst, E.M. 1971. The taxonomic status and zoogeography of the Painted Turtle, Chrysemys picta, in Pennsylvania. Herpetologica 27: 390-396. Ernst, C.H.; Ernst, E.M. 1972. Biology of Chrysemys picta bellii in southwestern Minnesota. Journal Minn. Acad. Sci. 38(2-3): 77-80. Ernst, C.H.; Ernst, E.M. 1980. Relationships between North American turtles of the Chrysemys complex as indicated by their endoparasitic helminths. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93(2): 339-345. Ernst, C.H.; Ernst, E.M. 2003. Snakes of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Books, Washington & London. 668 pp. Ernst, C.H.; Fowler, J.A. 1977. Taxonomic status of the turtle, Chrysemys picta in the northern peninsula of Michigan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 90(3): 685-689. Ernst, C.H.; Gibbons, J.W.; Novak, S.S. 1988. Chelydra. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 419: 1-4. Ernst, C.H.; Gilroy, M.J. 1979. Are Leatherback Turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, common along the middle Atlantic coast? Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 15(1): 16-19. Ernst, C.H.; Gotte, S.; Lovich, J.E. 1985. Reproduction in the Mole Kingsnake, Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 21(1): 16-22. Ernst, C.H.; Gotte, S.W. 1986. Notes on the reproduction of the shorthead garter snake, Thamnophis brachystoma. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 22(1): 6-9. Ernst, C.H.; Hartsell, T.D. 2000. An earlier name for the mangrove diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin rhizophorarum (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 113(4): 887-889. Ernst, C.H.; Jett, B.G. 1969. An intergrade population of Pseudemys scripta elegans x Pseudemys scripta troosti in Kentucky. Journal of Herpetology 3: 103. Ernst, C.H.; Laemmerzahl, A.F. 2002. Geographic variation in the Asian big-headed turtle, Platysternon megacephalum (Reptilia: Testudines: Platysternidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 115(1): 18-24. Ernst, C.H.; Laemmerzahl, A.F.; Creque, T.R. 2006. A review of morphological and pattern variation in the Painted Turtle, Chrysemys picta, in Missouri, USA, with an alternate hypothesis of the origin of Chrysemys picta marginata. Herpetological Bulletin 95: 6-15. Ernst, C.H.; Laemmerzahl, A.F.; Holland, M.M.; Roscoe, R. 2002. Reproduction in four species of turtles at the National Zoological Park, Washington D.C. USA. Herpetological Bulletin 81: 17-21. Ernst, C.H.; Laemmerzahl, A.F.; Lovich, J.E. 2008. A morphological review of the Cuora flavomarginata complex (Testudines: Geoemydidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 121(3): 391-397. Ernst, C.H.; Leuteritz, T.E.J. 1999. Geochelone carbonaria. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 690: 1-7. Ernst, C.H.; Leuteritz, T.E.J. 1999. Geochelone denticulata. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 691: 1-6. Ernst, C.H.; Lovich, J.E. 1986. Morphometry in the chelid turtle, Platemys platycephala. Herpetological Journal 1(2): 66-70. Ernst, C.H.; Lovich, J.E. 1990. A new species of Cuora (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae) from the Ryukyu Islands. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103(1): 26-34. Ernst, C.H.; Lovich, J.E. 1996. Natural history notes: Hydromedusa maximiliani (Maximilian's Snake-necked Turtle). Epizoic commensal. Herpetological Review 27(2): 76-77. Ernst, C.H.; Lovich, J.E. 2009. Turtles of the United States and Canada. 2nd ed. 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