Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Related bibliographies: Reptiles Turtles Podocnemididae South America Taxonomy of the genus Podocnemis Biodiversity of the family Podocnemididae Bibliography of the genus Podocnemis (South American Side-necked River Turtles) (Reptilia: Testudines: Podocnemididae) Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted. Podocnemis in general Alho, C.J.R. 1985. Conservation and management strategies for commonly exploited Amazonian turtles. Biological Conservation 32(4): 291-298. Almeida, S.S. de; Sa, P.G.S.; Garcia, A. 1986. Vegetais utilizados como alimento por Podocnemis (Chelonia) na Regiao do Baixo Rio Xingu (Brasil-Para). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (Botanica) 2(2): 199-211. Arroyave Bermudez, F.J.; Romero Goyeneche, O.Y.; Bonilla Gómez, M.A.; Hurtado Heredia, R.G. 2014. [Illegal trade of tortoises (Testudinata) in Colombia: a network analysis approach]. (In Spanish). Acta Biologica Colombiana 19(3): 381-392. Cole, M.; Link, B. 1972. Podocnemis in captivity. International Turtle and Tortoise Society Journal 6(2): 12-14, 33. Fachin-Teran, A.; Acosta-Diaz, A.; Vilchez-Ramirez, I. 1992. Tortugas Podocnemis mantenidas en cautiverio en los alrededores de Iquitos, Loreto - Peru. Boletin de Lima 14(84): 79-88. Friar, W.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Rhodin, A.G.J. 1978. Blood biochemistry and relations among Podocnemis turtles (Pleurodira, Pelomedusidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (B) 61(1): 139-143. Kemenes, A.; Brito Pezzuti, J.C. 2007. Estimate of trade traffic of Podocnemis (Testudines, Pedocnemididae) from the middle Purus River, Amazonas, Brazil. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 6(2): 259-262. Mittermeier, R.A. 1978. South America's river turtles: saving them by use. Oryx 14(3): 222-230. Müller, L. 1935. Über eine neue Podocnemis-Art (Podocnemis vogli) aus Venezuela nebst ergänzenden Bemerkungen über die systematischen Merkmale der ihr naahverwandten Arten. Zoologischer Anzeiger 110: 97-109. Neill, W.T. 1965. Notes on the five Amazonian species of Podocnemis (Testudinata Pelomedusidae). Herpetologica 21: 287-294. Pantoja-Lima, J.; Aride, P.H.R.; Oliveira, A.T. de; Félix-Silva, D.; Brito Pezzuti, J.C. de; Rebêlo, G.H. 2014. Chain of commercialization of Podocnemis spp. turtles (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in the Purus River, Amazon basin, Brazil: current status and perspectives. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 10: 8. Peñaloza, C.L.; Hernández, O.; Espín, R.; Crowder, L.B.; Barreto, G.R. 2013. Harvest of endangered sideneck river turtles (Podocnemis spp.) in the Middle Orinoco, Venezuela. Copeia 2013(1): 111-120. Schneider, L.; Ferrara, C.R.; Vogt, R.C.; Schaffer, C. 2016. Subsistence-level chelonian exploitation on the Rio Negro and one viable alternative. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 15(1): 36-42. Siebenrock, F. 1902. Zur Systematik der Schildkröten-Gattung Podocnemis Wagl. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Berlin 111: 157-170. Silva, V.M.F. da; Best, R.C. 1982. Amazon River dolphin (Inia) preys on turtle (Podocnemis). Investigations on Cetacea 13: 253-256. Smith, N.J.H. 1979. Aquatic turtles of Amazonia an endangered resource. Biological Conservation 16(3): 165-176. Vanzolini, P.E. 1977. A brief biometrical note on the reproductive biology of some South American Podocnemis (Testudines, Pelomedusidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 31(5): 79-102. Vogt, R.C. 2001. Turtles of the Rio Negro. pp. 245-262. In: Chao, N.L.; Petry, P.; Prang, G.; Sonneschien, L.; Tlusty, M. (eds.). Conservation and management of ornamental fish resources of the Rio Negro Basin, Amazonia, Brazil (Project Piaba). Editora da Universidade do Amazonas, Manaus. 302 pp. Williams, E. 1954. A key and description of the living species of the genus Podocnemis (sensu Boulenger) (Testudines, Pelomedusidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard 111: 277-295. Podocnemis erythrocephala Batistella, A.M.; Vogt, R.C. 2008. Nesting ecology of Podocnemis erythrocephala (Testudines, Podocnemididae) of the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 7(1): 12-20. Bernhard, R.; Lima, B.R.M.; Vogt, R.C. 2012. Natural history notes: Podocnemis erythrocephala (Read-headed Amazon River Turtle). Kyphosis. Herpetological Review 43(4): 639. Bernhard, R.; Vogt, R.C. 2012. Population structure of the turtle Podocnemis erythrocephala in the Rio Negro Basin, Brazil. Herpetologica 68(4): 491-504. Carvalho-Junior, E.A.R.; Brito Pezzuti, J.C. de; Maranhao, M.B. 2011. Podocnemis erythrocephala nests in the Lower Tapajos River, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 10(1): 146-148. Castano Mora, O.V.; Galvis Penuela, P.A.; Molano, J.G. 2003. Reproductive ecology of Podocnemis erythrocephala (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in the lower Inirida River, Colombia. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4(3): 664-670. Cunha, F.L.R. da; Rafael, B.; Vogt, R.C. 2014. Natural history notes: Podocnemis erythrocephala, Podocnemis expansa, Podocnemis sextuberculata, Podocnemis unifilis (Red-headed Amazon River Turtle, Giant South American River Turtle, Six-tubercled Amazon River Turtle, Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle) Herpetological Review 45(2): 319. Diniz Bernardes, V.C.; Ferrara, C.R.; Vogt, R.C.; Schneider, L. 2014. Abundance and population structure of Podocnemis erythrocephala (Testudines, Podocnemididae) in the Unini River, Amazonas. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 13(1): 89-95. Drajeske, D. 2011. Incubation at TSD threshold temperature: impact on sexual behavior in Podocnemis erythrocephala. Turtle and Tortoise Newsletter 15: 31-32. Drajeske, D. 2013. Haltung und Zucht der Rotkopfschienenschildkröte (Podocnemis erythrocephala). 1. Marginata 40: 24-30. Drajeske, D. 2014. Haltung und Zucht der Rotkopfschienenschildkröte (Podocnemis erythrocephala). 2. Marginata 41: 46-50. Fantin, C.; Farias, I.P.; Monjelo, L.A.S.; Hrbek, T. 2010. Polyandry in the red-headed river turtle Podocnemis erythrocephala (Testudines, Podocnemididae) in the Brazilian Amazon. Genetics and Molecular Research 9(1): 435-440. Ferrara, C.R.; Schneider, L.; Vogt, R.C.; Burger, J. 2009. The role of receptivity in the courtship behavior of Podocnemis erythrocephala in captivity. Acta Ethologica 12(2): 121-125. Hoogmoed, M.S.; Avila Pires, T.C.S. 1990. New distributional data for Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix) with remarks on some other turtle taxa (Reptilia: Chelonia: Pelomedusidae). Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 64(1-6): 21-24. Hughes, B. 2012. [Notable breeding successes in Tennessee Aquarium]. (In German). Marginata 35: 36-37. Meier, H. 2013. Die Rotkopf-Schienenschildkröte in freier Natur. Marginata 40: 14-23. Mittermeier, R.A.; Vogt, R.C.; Bernhard, R.; Ferrara, C.R. 2015. Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix 1824) – Red-headed Amazon River Turtle, Irapuca. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(87): 1-10. Mittermeier, R.A.; Wilson, R.A. 1974. Redescription of Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix 1824), an Amazonian pelomedusid turtle. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 28(8): 147-162. Mora, O.V.C. 1997. La situacion de Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix, 1824) (Testudinata: Pelomedusidae), en Colombia. Caldasia 19(1-2): 55-60. Neves, A.C.B.; Yuki, R.N. 2000. Geographic distribution: Podocnemis erythrocephala (Redhead River Turtle). Herpetological Review 31(4): 253. Philippen, H.D. 2013. Die Rotkopf-Schienenschildkröte. Marginata 40: 10-13. Rebelo, G.H. 1991. Um novo habitat e localidade para Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix, 1824) (Testudines: Pelomedusidae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (Zoologia) 7(1): 71-75. Santos, R.C. dos; Neves Silva Viana, M. das; Santos Monjeló, L.A. dos; Machado Andrade, P.C.; Pantoja-Lima, J.; Guimarães Oliveira, P.H.; Vogt, R.C.; Brito Pezzuti, J.C.; Sites, J.W.; Hrbek, T.; Pires Farias, I. 2016. Testing the effects of barriers on the genetic connectivity in Podocnemis erythrocephala (Red-headed Amazon River Turtle): implications for management and conservation. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 15(1): 12-22. Schneider, L.; Belger, L.; Burger, J.; Vogt, R.C.; Ferrara, C.R. 2010. Mercury levels in muscle of six species of turtles eaten by people along the Rio Negro of the Amazon basin. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 58(2): 444-450. Schneider, L.; Ferrara, C.R.; Vogt, R.C. 2010. Description of behavioral patterns of Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix, 1824) (Testudines: Podocnemididae) (Red-headed river turtle) in captivity, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Acta Amazonica 40(4): 763-770. Vanzolini, P.E. 2001. On the eggs of Brasilian [Brazilian] Podocnemis (Testudines, Podocnemididae). Biologia Geral e Experimental 2(2): 3-17. Vogt, R.C.; Rebelo, G.; Moreira, G.; Fachin, A.; Gasnier, T.R.J.; Silveira, R. da; Mann, B.; Raposo, J.C.P.; Armond, P.; Souza Marques, A.; Silveira, I.L.M. da; Filho, W.R.A.; Castano, O.V.; Monje Carillo, C.A.; Escalona, T.; Gvada, H.; Rojas Sulrez, F. 1991. Geographic distribution: Podocnemis erythrocephala (Tracaja Piranga). Brasil: Para. Herpetological Review 22(1): 25. Podocnemis expansa Alho, C.J.R.; Danni, T.M.S.; Padua, L.F.M. 1985. Influencia da temperatura de incubacao na determinacao do sexo da tartaruga da Amazonia Podocnemis expansa (Testudinata: Pelomedusidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 44(3) [1984]: 305-311. Alho, C.J.R.; Danni, T.M.S.; Padua, L.F.M. 1985. Temperature-dependent sex determination in Podocnemis expansa (Testudinata: Pelomedusidae). Biotropica 17(1): 75-78. Alho, C.J.R.; Padua, L.F.M. 1982. Reproductive parameters and nesting behavior of the Amazon turtle Podocnemis expansa (Testudinata: Pelomedusidae) in Brazil. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60(1): 97-103. Alho, C.J.R.; Padua, L.F.M. 1982. Sincronia entre regime de Vazante do rio e o comportamento de nidificacao da tartaruga da Amazonia Podocnemis expansa (Testudinata: Pelomedusidae). Acta Amazonica 12(2): 323-326. Alho, C.J.R.; Padua, L.F.M. 1983. Early growth of pen-reared Amazon turtles (Podocnemis expansa) (Testudinata, Pelomedusidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 42(4) [1982]: 641-646. Alves, R.R.N.; Santana, G.G. 2008. Use and commercialization of Podocnemis expansa (Schweiger 1812) (Testudines: Podocnemididae) for medicinal purposes in two communities in North of Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 4(3): 1-6. Alves-Junior, J.R.F.; Lustosa, A.P.G.; Bosso, A.C.S.; Balestra, R.A.M.; Bastos, L.F.; Miranda, L.B.; Santos, A.L.Q. 2012. Reproductive indices in natural nests of giant Amazon river turtles Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines, Podocnemididae) in the environmental protection area Meanders of the Araguaia river. Brazilian Journal of Biology 72(1): 199-203. Alves-Junior, J.R.F.; Sousa, E. de; Lustosa, A.P.G.; Magajevski, F.S.; Girio, R.J.S.; Werther, K. 2011. Procedure for collecting gastric contents in giant Amazon turtles Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines, Podocnemididae). Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 4(2): 77-78. Antelo, R.; Merchan, M. 2008. Biology and conservation of the South American river turtle in Venezuela Podocnemis expansa. Reptilia (GB) 58: 56-62. Barroso Menezes, S.; Fernandes, T.; Cunha, F.A.G.; Vogt, R.C. 2016. Natural history notes: Podocnemis expansa (Giant South American River Turtle). Predation. Herpetological Review 47(2): 286-287. Bock, B.C.; Páez, V.P.; White, M.M. 2001. Genetic population structure of two threatened South American river turtle species, Podocnemis expansa and Podocnemis unifilis. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4(1): 47-52. Bonach, K.; Lewinger, J.F.; Silva, A.P. da; Verdade, L.M. 2007. Physical characteristics of giant Amazon turtle (Podocnemis expansa) nests. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 6(2): 252-255. Bonach, K.; Malvasio, A.; Matushima, E.R.; Verdade, L.M. 2011. Temperature-sex determination in Podocnemis expansa (Testudines, Podocnemididae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia 101(3): 151-155. Bonach, K.; Miranda-Vilela, M.P.; Alves, M.C.; Verdade, L.M. 2003. Effect of translocation on egg viability of the giant Amazon river turtle, Podocnemis expansa. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4(3): 712-715. Bonach, K.; Pina, C.I.; Verdade, L.M. 2006. Allometry of reproduction of Podocnemis expansa in Southern Amazon basin. Amphibia-Reptilia 27(1): 55-61. Cantarelli, V.H.; Malvasio, A.; Verdade, L.M. 2014. Brazil's Podocnemis expansa conservation program: retrospective and future directions. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 13(1): 124-128. Ceballos, C.P.; Hernández, O. E; Valenzuela, N. 2014. Divergent sex-specific plasticity in long-lived vertebrates with contrasting sexual dimorphism. Evolutionary Biology (New York) 41(1): 81-98. Chinsamy, A.; Valenzuela, N. 2008. Skeletochronology of the endangered side-neck turtle, Podocnemis expansa. South African Journal of Science 104(7-8): 311-314. Costa Carneiro, C.; Pezzuti, J. 2015. Natural history notes: Podocnemis expansa (Giant Amazon River Turtle). Post-reproductive migration. Herpetological Review 46(2): 244-245. Costa, J.F. da; Rocha Lopes, O.; Vogt, R.C. 2018. Natural history notes: Podocnemis expansa (Giant South American River Turtle). Predation. Herpetological Review 49(2): 322-323. Coway-Gomez, K. 2007. Effects of human settlements on abundance of Podocnemis unifilis and P. expansa turtles in northeastern Bolivia. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 6(2): 199-205. Cunha, F.A.G.; Vogt, R.C. 2017. Natural history notes: Podocnemis expansa (Giant South American River Turtle). Predation. Herpetological Review 48(1): 179-180. Cunha, F.L.R. da; Rafael, B.; Vogt, R.C. 2014. Natural history notes: Podocnemis erythrocephala, Podocnemis expansa, Podocnemis sextuberculata, Podocnemis unifilis (Red-headed Amazon River Turtle, Giant South American River Turtle, Six-tubercled Amazon River Turtle, Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle) Herpetological Review 45(2): 319. Danni, T.M.S.; Alho, C.J.R. 1985. Estudo histologico da diferenciacao sexual em tartarugas recem-eclodidas (Podocnemis expansa, Pelomedusidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 45(3): 365-368. Donato-Rondon, J.C.; González-Trujillo, J.D.; Romero, B.; Castro-Rebolledo, M.I. 2018. Diatom assemblages associated with turtle carapaces in the Neotropical region. Revista de Biologia Tropical 66(4): 1362-1372. Fachin-Teran, A.F. 2005. Participacão comunitária na preservacão de praias para reproducão de quelônios na reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável mamirauá, Amazonas, Brasil. Uakari 1(1): 19-30. Fachin-Teran, A.F.; Vogt, R.C.; Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 2004. Patterns of use and hunting of turtles in the Mamiraua Sustainable Development Reserve, Amazonas, Brazil. pp. 362-377. In: Silvius, K.M.; Bodmer, R.E.; Fragoso, J.M.V. (eds.). People in nature: wildlife conservation in South and Central America. Columbia University Press, New York & Chichester. 463 p. Fantin, C.; Ferreira, J.; Magalhães, M.; Silva Damasseno, T. da; Melo Pereira, D.I. de; Vogt, R.C. 2017. Kinship analysis of offspring of the Giant South American River Turtle (Podocnemis expansa) using microsatellite DNA markers. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 16(2): 123-127. Fantin, C.; Santos Monjelo, L.A. dos 2011. Cytogenetic studies in Podocnemis expansa and Podocnemis sextuberculata (Testudines, Podocnemididae), turtles of the Brazilian Amazon. Caryologia 64(2): 154-157. Ferrara, C.R.; Schneider, L.; Vogt, R.C. 2010. Natural history notes: Podocnemis expansa (Giant South American River Turtle). Pre-nesting basking behavior. Herpetological Review 41(1): 72. Ferrara, C.R.; Vogt, R.C.; Sousa-Lima, R.S. 2013. Turtle vocalizations as the first evidence of posthatching parental care in chelonians. Journal of Comparative Psychology 127(1): 24-32. Ferrara, C.R.; Vogt, R.C.; Sousa-Lima, R.S.; Tardio, B.M.R.; Diniz Bernardes, V.C. 2014. Sound communication and social behavior in an Amazonian River Turtle (Podocnemis expansa). Herpetologica 70(2): 149-156. Ferreira-Junior, P.D.; Amorim Castro, P.T. 2006. Geological characteristics of the nesting areas of the giant Amazon river turtle (Podocnemis expansa) in the Crixas-Acu river in Goias State, Brazil. Acta Amazonica 36(2): 249-258. Ferreira-Junior, P.D.; Amorim Castro, P.T. 2006. Thermal environment characteristics of Podocnemis expansa and Podocnemis unifilis nesting areas on the Javaes River, Tocantins, Brazil. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 5(1): 102-107. Ferreira-Junior, P.D.; Castro, P.T.A. 2003. Geological control of Podocnemis expansa and Podocnemis unifilis nesting areas in Rio Javaes, Bananal Island, Brazil. Acta Amazonica 33(3): 445-468. Ferreira-Junior, P.D.; Castro, P.T.A. 2005. Nest placement of the giant Amazon river turtle, Podocnemis expansa, in the Araguaia River, Goias State, Brazil. Ambio 34(3): 212-217. Ferreira-Júnior, P.D.; Castro, P.T.A. 2010. Nesting ecology of Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) and Podocnemis unifilis (Troschel, 1848) (Testudines, Podocnemididae) in the Javaes River, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 70(1): 85-94. Forero, G.; Ferrara, C.; Horne, B.D. 2014. Forst international workshop for conservation of the Giant South American River Turtle. Turtle Survival 2014: 18-19. Goeldi, E.A. 1897. Die Eier von 13 brasilianischen Reptilien, nebst Bemerkungen über Lebens- und Fortpflanzungsweise letzterer. Zoologische Jahrbücher (Syst.) 10: 640-676. Gomes, A.S.; Ferreira-Júnior, P.D. 2011. Management and relocation of nests of Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines, Podocnemididae) on the Crixas-Acu River, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 71(4): 975-982. Goncalves Vieira, L.; Quagliatto Santos, A.L.; Campos Lima, F. 2010. Ontogeny of the cranial bones of the giant amazon river turtle Podocnemis expansa Schweigger, 1812 (Testudines, Podocnemididae). Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences 32(2): 181-188. Goncalves Vieira, L.; Quagliatto Santos, A.L.; Campos Lima, F.; Souza Pinto, J.G. 2009. Ontogeny of the plastron of the giant Amazon river turtle, Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines, Podocnemididae). Zoological Science (Tokyo) 26(7): 491-495. Hernandez, O. 2003. Giant Amazon turtle: eleven years of re-introduction in the Orinoco River, Venezuela. Re-introduction News 23: 40-42. Hernandez, O.; Espin, R. 2005. Consumo ilegal de tortugas por comunidades locales en el Rio Orinoco Medio, Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 23(2-3): 17-26. Hernandez, O.; Espin, R. 2006. Efectos del reforzamiento sobre la poblacion de tortuga arrau (Podocnemis expansa) en el Orinoco medio, Venezuela. Interciencia 31(6): 424-430. Hoogmoed, M.S.; Gruber, U. 1983. Spix and Wagler type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the Natural History Musea in Munich (Germany) and Leiden (the Netherlands). Spixiana Supplement 9: 319-415. Jaffe, R.; Penaloza, C.; Barreto, G.R. 2008. Monitoring an endangered freshwater turtle management program: effects of nest relocation on growth and locomotive performance of the giant South American turtle (Podocnemis expansa, Podocnemididae). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 7(2): 213-222. Johns, A.D. 1987. Continuing problems for Amazon river turtles. Oryx 6(1): 25-28. Keller, C.; Villamarín, F.; Bernhard, R.; Silva, D.F. da 2016. Checklist of chelonians from the upper Madeira River and the lower Madeira-Purus interfluvium (Brazilian Amazon), including a range expansion for Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia, 1849. Check List 12(4)(Article 1937): 1-32. Knaack, J. 2003. Schienenschildkröten. 1. Zum Vorkommen von Podocnemis expansa und P. unifilis und deren Gefährdungen in Bolivien. Aquarium (Bornheim) 409: 65-69. Knaack, J. 2003. Schienenschildkröten. 2 (Schluss). Das Schutzprojekt und dessen Ergebnisse sowie das Verhalten der Schlüpflinge von Podocnemis expansa und P. unifilis im Rio Itenez. Aquarium (Bornheim) 410: 61-66. Knaack, J. 2004. Bemerkungen zur aktuellen Situation der Schienenschildkröten Podocnemis expansa und Podocnemis unifilis in Bolivien. Reptilia (D) 9(48): 56-64. Lacher, T.E.; Alho, C.J.R.; Pereira, I.G.T. 1986. The relation between cloacal temperature and ambient temperature in five species of Brazilian turtles. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 46(3): 563-566. Lara, N.R.F.; Marques, T.S.; Montelo, K.M.; Ataides, A.G. de; Verdade, L.M.; Malvasio, A.; Camargo, P.B. de 2012. A trophic study of the sympatric Amazonian freshwater turtles Podocnemis unifilis and Podocnemis expansa (Testudines, Podocnemidae) using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses. Canadian Journal of Zoology 90(12): 1394-1401. Lopes Rosa, L.L. 1982. Reproductive physiology of Podocnemis expansa Schweigger 1812, the Amazonian turtle. Preliminary aspects: transference of eggs to artificial nests. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 15(4-5): 335. Lotze, H.U. 1963. Putzverhalten bei Wasserschildkröten. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 16: 220-221. Lubiana, A.; Ferreira-Junior, P.D. 2009. Pivotal temperature and sexual dimorphism of Podocnemis expansa hatchlings (Testudines: Podocnemididae) from Bananal Island, Brazil. Zoologia 26(3): 527-533. Luting, K.H. 1963. Podocnemis unifilis und Podocnemis expansa. Aquarien und Terrarien (Leipzig) 10: 195-200. Mallinson, J.J.C. 1966. The river turtles of the Amazon. International Turtle and Tortoise Society Journal 1: 34-35. Malvasio, A.; Salera-Junior, G.; Souza, A.M. de; Modro, N.R. 2005. Analise da interferncia do manuseio dos ovos no indice de eclosao e no padrao de escutelaqao do casco e as correlacoes encontradas entre as medidas das covas, ovos e filhotes em Podocnemis (Schweigger, 1812) e P. unifilis (Troschel, 1848) (Testudines, Pelomedudidae). Publicacoes Avulsas do Instituto Pau Brasil de Historia Natural 08-09: 15-38. Malvasio, A.; Souza, A.M. de; Barros Molina, F. de; Arruda Sampaio, F.A. de 2003. Comportamento e preferencia alimentar em Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger), P. unifilis (Troschel) e P. sextuberculata (Cornalia) em cativeiro (Testudines, Pelomedusidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 20(1): 161-168. Malvasio, A.; Souza, A.M. de; Reis, E.S.; Arruda Sampaio, F.A. de 2002. 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