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Taxonomy of the genus Psammobates Biodiversity of the family Testudinidae

Bibliography of the genus
Psammobates (South African Star Tortoises)

(Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Psammobates in general

Broadley, D.G. 1997. Diagnostic suprapygal patterns in the genus Psammobates Fitzinger (Chelonii: Testudinidae). Arnoldia Zimbabwe 10(12): 121-126.

Duerden, J.E. 1907. Variations in the Geometrica group of South African tortoises. Rep. S. Afric. ass. 1906: 178-208.

Siebenrock, F. 1904. Die Südafrikanischen Testudo-Arten der Geometrica-Gruppe s.l. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Berlin 113: 307-323.

Turner, E.H. 1971. Psammobates the delicate one. International Turtle and Tortoise Society Journal 5(2): 4-5.

Psammobates geometricus

Anonymous. 1989. Ecological aspects of the geometric tortoise. African Wild Life 43(4): 184.

Baard, E.H.W. 1989. Psammobates geometricus geometric tortoise (English) Suurpootjie (Afrikaans). Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission 5: 85-87.

Baard, E.H.W. 1989. The ecology and conservation status of the geometric tortoise Psammobates geometricus: preliminary results. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 36(1): 72.

Baard, E.H.W. 1989. The geometric tortoise. Rare but still there. African Wild Life 43(4): 178-183.

Baard, E.H.W. 1989. The status of some rare and endangered endemic reptiles and amphibians of the southwestern Cape Province, South Africa. Biological Conservation 49(3): 161-168.

Baard, E.H.W. 1991. A review of the taxonomic history of and some literature on the geometric tortoise, Psammobates geometricus (Linnaeus, 1758). Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 39: 8-12.

Baard, E.H.W. 1992. Dynamics of a geometric tortoise population in the southwestern Cape Province. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 40(1): 60.

Baard, E.H.W. 1992. Estimating the size of terrestrial tortoise populations: two case studies. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 40: 57-59.

Baard, E.H.W. 1993. Distribution and status of the geometric tortoise Psammobates geometricus in South Africa. Biological Conservation 63(3): 235-239.

Baard, E.H.W. 1995. A conservation strategy for the geometric tortoise: successes and pitfalls. pp. 128-130. In: Devaux, B. (ed.). International Congress of Chelonian Conservation. France - Gonfaron - Tortoise Village - 6th to 10th of July 1995. Proceedings. Editions SOPTOM, Gonfaron, France. 344 pp.

Baard, E.H.W. 1995. A preliminary analysis of the habitat of the geometric tortoise, Psammobates geometricus. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 25(1): 8-13.

Baard, E.H.W. 1995. Environmental stochasticity and the conservation of fragmented tortoise populations. pp. 131-132. In: Devaux, B. (ed.). International Congress of Chelonian Conservation. France - Gonfaron - Tortoise Village - 6th to 10th of July 1995. Proceedings. Editions SOPTOM, Gonfaron, France. 344 pp.

Baard, E.H.W. 1995. Growth, age at maturity and sexual dimorphism in the geometric tortoise, Psammobates geometricus. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 44(1): 10-15.

Baard, E.H.W. 1997. The dynamics of two sympatric tortoise communities in a stressful environment. pp. 104-107. In: Wyk, J.H. van (ed.). Proceedings of the FitzSimons Commemorative Symposium (South African lizards: 50 years of progress) and Third H.A.A. Symposium on African herpetology: held at the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, South Africa, 11-15 October 1993. Herpetological Association of Africa, Matieland. 227 pp.

Baard, E.H.W.; Mouton, P. le F.N. 1993. A hypothesis explaining the enigmatic distribution of the geometric tortoise, Psammobates geometricus, in South Africa. Herpetological Journal 3(2): 65-67.

Balsamo, R.A.; Hofmeyr, M.D.; Henen, B.T.; Bauer, A.M. 2004. Leaf biomechanics as a potential tool to predict feeding preferences of the Geometric Tortoise Psammobates geometricus. African Zoology 39(2): 175-181.

Balsmo, R.A.; Hofmeyr, M.D.; Hensen, B.T.; Weitz, F.; Bauer, A.M. 2005. Natural history notes: Psammobates geometricus (Geometric Tortoise). Diet. Herpetological Review 36(1): 60-61.

Cunningham, J.; Baard, E.H.W.; Harley, E.H.; O'Ryan, C. 2002. Investigation of genetic diversity in fragmented Geometric Tortoise (Psammobates geometricus) populations. Conservation Genetics 3(3): 215-223.

Duerden, J.E. 1906. Variations in the geometrica group of S. African tortoises. Rep. S. Afric. Ass. 1905-1906 [1906]: 178-209.

Eglis, A. 1965. Ein Weiderfund der Geometrischen Landschildkröte (Testudo geometrica). Natur und Museum (Frankfurt) 95: 383-387.

Fincham, J.E.; Lambrechts, N. 2014. How many tortoises do a pair of pied crows Corvus alba need to kill to feed their chicks. Ornithological Observations 5: 135-138.

Gardner, S.; Baard, E.H.W.; Roux, N.J. le 1999. Estimating the detection probability of the geometric tortoise. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 29(3): 62-71.

Greig, J.C. 1984. Conservation status of South African land tortoises, with special reference to the geometric tortoise (Psammobates geometricus). Amphibia-Reptilia 5(1): 27-30.

Greig, J.C.; Boycott, R.C. 1978. Our land tortoises. African Wild Life 32(2): 39-42.

Henen, B.T.; Bloemestein, U.P. van; Hofmeyr, M.D.; Weatherby, C.A. 2017. Variation in the daily activity, movement and refugia of critically endangered Geometric Tortoises, Psammobates geometricus, in autumn and spring. African Journal of Herpetology 66(2): 79-92.

Henen, B.T.; Hofmeyr, M.D.; Baard, E.H.W. 2013. Body of evidence: forensic use of baseline health assessments to convict wildlife poachers. Wildlife Research 40(4): 261-268.

Henen, B.T.; Hofmeyr, M.D.; Balsamo, R.A.; Weitz, F.M. 2005. Lessons from the food choices of the endangered Geometric Tortoise Psammobates geometricus. South African Journal of Science 101(9-10): 435-438.

Hofmeyr, M.; Bloemestein, U. van; Henen, B.; Weatherby, C. 2012. Sexual and environmental variation in the space requirements of the critically endangered Geometric Tortoise, Psammobates geometricus. Amphibia-Reptilia 33(2): 185-197.

Hofmeyr, M.D.; Henen, B.T.; Baard, E.H.W. 2006. Conservation action plan for the endangered Geometric Tortoise. Chelonii 4: 101-105.

Hofmeyr, M.D.; Henen, B.T.; Walton, S. 2017. Season, sex and age variation in the haematology and body condition of Geometric Tortoises Psammobates geometricus. African Zoology 52(1): 21–30.

Joshua, Q.I.; Hofmeyr, M.D.; Henen, B.T.; Weitz, F.M. 2005. Seasonal changes in the vegetation of island and mainland habitats of angulate tortoises in the Western Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 101(9-10): 439-445.

Juvik, J.; Villiers, A. de; Villiers, R. de 2014. No fear of falling. The Tortoise 1(3): 60-65.

Juvik, J.O. 1971. 'Chimney climber'. International Turtle and Tortoise Society Journal 5(5): 23-24.

Juvik, J.O. 1971. The status of Psammobates geometricus in the western Cape. International Turtle and Tortoise Society Journal 5: 10-13.

Juvik, J.O. 1972. A home for the So. African geometric. International Turtle and Tortoise Society Journal 6(3): 26-27.

Leuteritz, T.E.J.; Ekbia, H.R. 2008. Not all roads lead to resilience: a complex systems approach to the comparative analysis of tortoises in arid ecosystems. Ecology and Society 13(1): Unpaginated.

Mertens, R. 1962. Zur Kenntnis der geometrischen Landschildkröte, Testudo geometrica. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 15: 317.

Rau, R. 1969. Über die Geometrische Landschildkröte (Testudo geometrica). Salamandra 5(1-2): 36-45.

Rau, R. 1971. Weitere Angaben über die Geometrische Landschildkröte, Testudo geometrica. Salamandra 7: 123-136.

Rau, R. 1976. Weitere Angaben über die Geometrische Landschildkröte, Testudo geometrica. 2. Salamandra 12(4): ]65-175.

Rudner, I. 1991. Notes on the geometric tortoise, Psammobates geometricus, in captivity. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 39: 13.

Seidl, F. 1962. Zur Pflege der geometrischen Landschildkröte. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 15: 218-219.

Psammobates oculiferus

Archer, W.H. 1959. Tortoises with dual gular shield. African Wild Life 13(1): 82.

Boycott, R.C.; Branch, W. 1989. Psammobates oculifer serrated tortoise; Kalahari tent tortoise; Kalahari geometric tortoise (English) Skulprandskilpad; Kalahari-skilpad (Afrikaans). Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission 5: 88-89.

Branch, W.R.; Baard, E.; Villiers, A. de 1989. Some exceptionally large southern African chelonians. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 37(1): 53-54.

Broadley, D.G.; Hunt, J.; Cantle, G. 2010. Geographical distribution: Psammobates oculifer Kuhl, 1820. Serrated Tortoise. Zimbabwe. African Herp News 51: 24-25.

C., G.J. 1987. Land tortoises of southern Africa. Kalahari tortoise Psammobates oculifer. African Wild Life 41(2): 64.

Cunningham, P.L. 2014. Psammobates oculifer (Kuhl, 1820). Serrated Tent Tortoise. Dormancy. African Herp News 61: 19.

Cunningham, P.L.; Simang, A. 2006. Psammobates oculiferus (Kuhl, 1820). Serrated or Kalahari Tent Tortoise. Living-up places. African Herp News 41: 17.

Cunningham, P.L.; Simang, A.; Ndara, L. 2006. A dietary comparison of two sympatric tortoises in the highland savanna biome from central Namibia. Journal Namibia Scientific Society 54: 19-29.

Greig, J.C.; Boycott, R.C. 1978. Our land tortoises. African Wild Life 32(2): 39-42.

Hailey, A. 1995. Diets and food preferences of two South African tortoises: the implications for niche separation. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 25(2): 65.

Heaton, J.S.; Juvik, J.O.; Amutenya, K. 2015. Psammobates oculifer Kuhl, 1820. Serrated Tent Tortoise. Winter activity. African Herp News 62: 28-29.

Keswick, T.; Hofmeyr, M. 2014. Refuge characteristics and preferences of Psammobates oculifer in semi-arid savanna. Amphibia-Reptilia 35(1): 41-51.

Keswick, T.; Hofmeyr, M.D. 2013. Population ecology of Psammobates oculifer in a semi-arid environment. African Journal of Herpetology 62(2): 63-77.

Keswick, T.; Hofmeyr, M.D. 2015. Sexual dimorphism and geographic variation in the morphology of a small southern African tortoise Psammobates oculifer. Amphibia-Reptilia 36(1): 55-64.

Loehr, V.J.T. 2005. Psammobates oculiferus (Kuhl, 1820). Kalahari Tent Tortoise. Diet. African Herp News 38: 18.

Milstein, P. le S. 1968. Hibernation of the Kalahari geometrid tortoise and other species in the Transvaal. Fauna & Flora (Pretoria) 19: 42-44.

Rall, M. 1990. Psammobates oculifer. Serrated tortoise. Egg production. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 34: 52.

Rall, M.; Fairall, N. 1993. Diet and food preferences of two South African tortoises Geochelone pardalis and Psammobates oculifer. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 23(3): 63-70.

Scantlebury, M.; Minting, P. 2006. Differences in resting metabolic rates of two southern African tortoises: Psammobates oculiferus and Geochelone pardalis. African Journal of Herpetology 55(2): 161-165.

Schleicher, A. 2006. Husbandry, observation, behaviour, and breeding of Psammobates tentorius trimeni, Psammobates tentorius verroxii and Psammobates oculiferus. pp. 440-450. In: Artner, H.; Farkas, B. & Loehr, V. (eds.). Turtles: proceedings: International Turtle & Tortoise Symposium, Vienna 2002. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 618 pp.

Schleicher, A.; Philippen, H.D. 2012. [Kalahari tent or serrated tortoise Psammobates oculiferus (KUHL, 1820)]. (In German). Marginata 36: 31-34.

Psammobates tentorius

Cunningham, P.L. 2006. Preliminary results on the movement, home range and diet of Geochelone pardalis and Psammobates tentorius verroxii in Namibia. Chelonii 4: 112-114.

Cunningham, P.L.; Simang, A. 2008. Ecology of the Bushmanland tent tortoise (Psammobates tentorius verroxii) in southern Namibia. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 7(1): 119-124.

Cunningham, P.L.; Simang, A.; Schleicher, A. 2004. Psammobates tentorius verroxii. Bushmanland Tent Tortoise. Clutch size. African Herp News 37: 19-20.

Cunningham, P.L.; Strauss, N. 2005. Electrocution of reptiles. Herpetozoa 18(3-4): 190.

FitzSimons, V. 1938. Transvaal Museum Expedition to South-West Africa and Little Namaqualand, May to August, 1937. Reptiles and amphibians. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 19(2): 153-209.

Greig, J.C.; Boycott, R.C. 1978. Our land tortoises. African Wild Life 32(2): 39-42.

Hewitt, J. 1933. On the Cape species and subspecies of the genus Chersinella Gray. Annals of the Natal Museum 7(2): 255-293.

Hewitt, J. 1934. On the Cape species and subspecies of the genus Chersinella Gray. II. Annals of the Natal Museum 7(3): 303-349.

Jasser-Haeger, I.; Blohm, M. 2007. Südafrikanische Zeltschildkröte Psammobates tentorius (Bell, 1828). Marginata 15: 31-34.

Leuteritz, T.E.J.; Ekbia, H.R. 2008. Not all roads lead to resilience: a complex systems approach to the comparative analysis of tortoises in arid ecosystems. Ecology and Society 13(1): Unpaginated.

Leuteritz, T.E.J.; Hofmeyr, M.D. 2007. The extended reproductive season of tent tortoises (Psammobates tentorius tentorius): a response to an arid and unpredictable environment. Journal of Arid Environments 68(4): 546-563.

Lindholm, W.A. 1906. Beschreibung einer neuen Schildkrötenart aus Deutsch-Südwestafrika nebst Bemerkungen über die Gattung Homopus D. et B. Jahrb. Ver. Naturk. (Wiesbaden) 59: 345-351.

Lloyd, P.; Stadler, D.A. 1998. Predation on the tent tortoise Psammobates tentorius: a whodunit with the honey badger Mellivora capensis as prime suspect. South African Journal of Zoology 33(4): 200-202.

Loehr, V. 1999. Life history notes: Psammobates tentorius trimeni. Tent tortoise. Hatchling size. African Herp News 28: 32.

Malan, G.; Branch, W.R. 1992. Predation on tent tortoise and leopard tortoise hatchlings by the pale chanting goshawk in the Little Karoo. South African Journal of Zoology 27(1): 33-35.

Müller, L. 1939. Über Variation und Systematik einiger südafrikanischer Landschildkröten der Geometrica-Gruppe. Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Museum für Natur- und Heimatkunde und dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Magdeburg 7: 129-164.

Philippen, H.D. 2011. Namibische Bushmanland-Zeltschildkröte Psammobates tentorius verroxi (Smith, 1839). Marginata 31: 31-34.

Power, J. 1932. Testudo verreauxii Smith: a study in variation. South African Journal of Science 29: 466-472.

Rowlands, B.W. 1988. Sympatry in land tortoises - resource partitioning: a need for research. Naturalist (Port Elizabeth) 32(1): 16-21.

Schleicher, A. 2006. Husbandry, observation, behaviour, and breeding of Psammobates tentorius trimeni, Psammobates tentorius verroxii and Psammobates oculiferus. pp. 440-450. In: Artner, H.; Farkas, B. & Loehr, V. (eds.). Turtles: proceedings: International Turtle & Tortoise Symposium, Vienna 2002. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 618 pp.

Visagie, R. 2011. Verreauxs' Eagle Aquila verreauxii preying on Karoo Tent Tortoises in the eastern Karoo. GABAR 22(1-2): 33-34.

Webb, R.G. 1995. The date of publication of Gray's Catalogue of shield Reptiles. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1(4): 322-323.