Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk). Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
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Genus
Xenosaurus
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Knob-scaled Lizards, Mexican Knob-scaled Lizards, American Knob-scaled Lizards
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Höckerechsen
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Mexicanske Spalteøgler
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1861 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus Peters (type species: Xenosaurus fasciatus Peters 1861) |
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Contents:
14 species, of which 13 (92.9%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0% 100%
Distribution:
Mexico, Guatemala.
Reported from:
Guatemala,
Mexico
(Chiapas,
Guerrero,
Hidalgo,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Tabasco,
Tamaulipas,
Veracruz).
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Xenosaurus agrenon
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Mountain Knob-scaled Lizard
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Gebirgs-Höckerechse
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Bjerg-spalteøgle
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1968 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus grandis agrenon King & Thompson |
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Xenosaurus agrenon Woolrich-Piña & Smith 2012 |
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Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of grandis (e.g., Liner 2007), but as a separate species in recent works (e.g., Bhullar 2011; Woolrich-Piña & Smith 2012;
Nieto-Montes de Oca, Barley, Meza-Lazáro, García-Vázquez, Zamora-Abrego, Thomson & Leaché 2017).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Oaxaca,
Puebla).
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Xenosaurus arboreus
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Arboreal Knob-scaled Lizard
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Baum-Höckerechse
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Træ-spalteøgle
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1965 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus arboreus Lynch & Smith |
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Xenosaurus grandis arboreus King & Thompson 1968 |
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Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of grandis.
Revalidated as a separate species by Canseco-Márquez (2005), followed by others (e.g., Bhullar 2011;
Nieto-Montes de Oca, García-Vázquez, Zúñiga-Vega & Schmidt-Ballardo 2013;
Nieto-Montes de Oca, Barley, Meza-Lazáro, García-Vázquez, Zamora-Abrego, Thomson & Leaché 2017),
although Woolrich-Piña & Smith (2012) retained it as a subspecies of grandis, but without discussion.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Oaxaca).
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Xenosaurus fractus
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Huehuetla Knob-scaled Lizard
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Huehuetla-Höckerechse
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Huehuetla-spalteøgle
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2018 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus fractus Nieto-Montes de Oca, Sánchez-Vega & Durán-Fuentes |
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Distribution:
Mexico
(Puebla).
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Xenosaurus grandis
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Common Knob-scaled Lizard, Oaxacan Rock Lizard, Mexican Knob-scaled Lizard
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Gewöhnliche Höckerechse
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Almindelig Spalteøgle
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1856 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Cubina grandis Gray |
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Xenosaurus grandis Cope 1866 |
1861 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus fasciatus Peters (Boulenger 1885) |
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Remarks:
Previously included agrenon, arboreus, rackhami, and sanmartinensis.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Oaxaca,
Veracruz).
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Xenosaurus manipulus
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Sierra de Juarez Knob-scaled Lizard
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Juarez-Höckerechse
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Juarez-spalteøgle
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2022 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus manipulus Nieto-Montes de Oca, Castresana-Villanueva, Canseco-Márquez & Campbell |
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Distribution:
Mexico
(Oaxaca).
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Xenosaurus mendozai
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Queretaro Knob-scaled Lizard
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Queretaro-Höckerechse
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Queretaro-spalteøgle
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2013 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus mendozai Nieto-Montes de Oca, García-Vázquez, Zúñiga-Vega & Schmidt-Ballardo |
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Distribution:
Mexico
(Hidalgo,
Queretaro).
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Xenosaurus newmanorum
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San Luis Potosí Knob-scaled Lizard, (Newman's Knob-scaled Lizard)
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San Luis Potosí-Höckerechse
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San Luis Potosí-spalteøgle
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1949 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus newmanorum Taylor |
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Xenosaurus grandis newmanorum Lynch & Smith 1965 |
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Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by King & Thompson (1968).
A record from Veracruz (Camarillo-Rangel 1998) refer to tzacualtipantecus (Woolrich-Piña & Smith 2012).
Wermuth's (1969) inclusion of Tamaulipas in the distribution is probably based on Martin (1958), which refer to platyceps (King & Thompson 1968).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Hidalgo,
San Luis Potosi).
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Xenosaurus penai
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Guerreran Knob-scaled Lizard, (Pena's Knob-scaled Lizard)
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Guerrero-Höckerechse
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Guerrero-spalteøgle
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2000 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus penai Pérez-Ramos, Saldaña de la Riva & Campbell |
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Distribution:
Mexico
(Guerrero).
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Xenosaurus phalaroanthereon
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Chin-spotted Knob-scaled Lizard
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Kinnfleckiger Höckerechse
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Hageplettet Spalteøgle
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2001 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus phalaroanthereon Nieto-Montes de Oca, Campbell & Flores-Villela |
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Distribution:
Mexico
(Oaxaca).
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Xenosaurus platyceps
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Flat-headed Knob-scaled Lizard
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Flachkopf-Höckerechse
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Fladhovedet Spalteøgle
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1968 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus platyceps King & Thompson |
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Distribution:
Mexico
(Tamaulipas).
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Xenosaurus rackhami
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Chiapan Knob-scaled Lizard, (Rackham's Knob-scaled Lizard)
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Chiapas-Höckerechse
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Chiapas-spalteøgle
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1941 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus rackhami Stuart |
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Xenosaurus grandis rackhami Lynch & Smith 1965 |
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Remarks:
Previously included sanmartinensis.
Formerly regarded as a subspecies of grandis (e.g., Lynch & Smith 1965; Liner 2007), but as a separate species in recent works
(e.g., Campbell & Vannini 1989; Bhullar 2011; Woolrich-Piña & Smith 2012; Nieto-Montes de Oca, García-Vázquez, Zúñiga-Vega & Schmidt-Ballardo 2013;
Nieto-Montes de Oca, Barley, Meza-Lazáro, García-Vázquez, Zamora-Abrego, Thomson & Leaché (2017).
Distribution:
Guatemala,
Mexico
(Chiapas,
Oaxaca,
Tabasco).
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Xenosaurus rectocollaris
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Pallid Knob-scaled Lizard
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Bleiche Höckerechse
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Bleg Spalteøgle
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1993 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus rectocollaris Smith & Iverson |
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Distribution:
Mexico
(Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Veracruz).
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Xenosaurus sanmartinensis
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San Martin Knob-scaled Lizard
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San-Martin-Höckerechse
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San Martin-spalteøgle
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1961 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus rackhami sanmartinensis Werler & Shannon |
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Xenosaurus grandis sanmartinensis Lynch & Smith 1965 |
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Xenosaurus sanmartinensis Bhullar 2011 |
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Remarks:
Originally described as a subspecies of rackhami and later regarded as a subspecies of grandis, along with rackhami (e.g., Lynch & Smith 1965;
Liner 2007; Woolrich-Piña & Smith 2012).
Later, rackhami was recognized again as a separate species with sanmartinensis as a subspecies (e.g., Canseco-Márquez 2005; Nieto-Montes de Oca,
García-Vázquez, Zúñiga-Vega & Schmidt-Ballardo 2013).
Bhullar (2011) treated sanmartinensis as a separate species, which was supported by
Nieto-Montes de Oca, Barley, Meza-Lazáro, García-Vázquez, Zamora-Abrego, Thomson & Leaché (2017).
Not listed for Veracruz by Torres-Hernandez, Ramirez-Bautista, Cruz-Elizalde, Hernandez-Salinas, Berriozabal-Islas, DeSantis, Johnson, Rocha, Garcia-Padilla, Mata-Silva, Fucsko & Wilson (2021).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Veracruz).
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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Xenosaurus tzacualtipantecus
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![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Zacualtipán Knob-scaled Lizard, Huasteca Hidalguense Knob-scaled Lizard
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![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Zacualtipán-Höckerechse
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Zacualtipán-spalteøgle
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
2012 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xenosaurus tzacualtipantecus Woolrich-Piña & Smith |
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Remarks:
A record from Puebla (Woolrich-Piña, Alvarado-Hernández, Mora-Guzmán, Arellano-Cárcamo, Olvera-Arrieta, González-Gonzalez & Sosa-Villanueva 2016;
repeated by Woolrich-Piña, García-Padilla, DeSantis, Johnson, Mata-Silva & Wilson 2017) is regarded as representing the subsequently described species fractus,
following Nieto-Montes de Oca, Sánchez-Vega & Durán-Fuentes (2018).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Hidalgo,
Veracruz).
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