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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: May 26th, 2024.


Taxonomy of the family Agamidae
Bibliography of the genus Ctenophorus
Biodiversity of the family Agamidae








Genus
Ctenophorus

Comb Dragons, Comb-bearing Dragons

Soldatenagamen

Australske Kamagamer

1843 Ctenophorus Fitzinger (type species: Grammatophora decresii Dumeril & Bibron 1837)
1843 Homalonotus Fitzinger [not Homalonotus Koenig 1825 (Trilobita); not Homalonotus Schoenherr 1836 (Insecta: Coleoptera); not Homalonotus Agassiz 1846 (Arachnida)] (type species: Grammatophora gaimardii Dumeril & Bibron 1837; syn. Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)
1884 Macrops De Vis (type species: Macrops nuchalis De Vis 1884; syn. Cogger 1996)
1984 Licentia Wells & Wellington (type species: Grammatophora cristata Gray 1841; syn. Cogger 1996)
1984 Phthanodon Wells & Wellington (type species: Uromastyx maculatus Gray 1831; syn. Cogger 1996)
1985 Tachyon Wells & Wellington (type species: Grammatophora caudicincta Günther 1875; syn. Cogger 1996)
Contents: 41 species, all of which are endemic.
Endemism: 0% 100%
Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of Amphibolurus (e.g., Wermuth 1967). Revalidated by Storr, Smith & Johnstone (1983). Some species were previously placed in Rankinia or in Tympanocryptis (adelaidensis, butlerorum, chapmani, parviceps).
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia [incl. Kangaroo Island], Victoria, Western Australia).

Ctenophorus adelaidensis

Western Heath Dragon, Prickly Dragon, Queen Adelaide Dragon

Westliche Heideagame

Vestlig Hedeagam

1841 Grammatophora muricata var. adelaidensis Gray
Grammatophora adelaidensis Günther 1875
Amphibolurus adelaidensis Boulenger 1885
Tympanocryptis adelaidensis Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Rankinia adelaidensis Wells & Wellington 1984
Ctenophorus adelaidensis Melville, Schulte & Larson 2001
1845 Grammatophora angulifera Gray [part] (syn.Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)
1885 Amphibolurus adelaidensis tasmaniensis Boulenger (syn.Zietz 1921; Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)
1885 Amphibolurus pallidus Boulenger (syn.Loveridge 1934; Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)
1885 Amphibolurus pulcherrimus Boulenger (syn.Loveridge 1934; Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)
Amphibolurus adelaidensis pulcherrimus Glauert 1961

Remarks: Previously included butlerorum and chapmani. Records from South Australia refer to chapmani (Hutchinson 2010).
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).


Ctenophorus badius

Variable Military Dragon, Variable Sand Dragon

Bunte Soldatenagame

Broget Soldateragam

1965 Amphibolurus maculatus badius Storr
Ctenophorus maculatus badius Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Phthanodon badius Wells & Wellington 1984
Ctenophorus badius Edwards & Hutchinson 2023

Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of maculatus (e.g., Storr 1965). Raised to species status by Edwards & Hutchinson (2023).
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).





Ctenophorus butlerorum

Shark Bay Heath Dragon, (Butler's Dragon)

Shark-Bay-Heideagame

Shark Bay-hedeagam

1977 Tympanocryptis parviceps butleri Storr
Tympanocryptis butleri Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Amphibolurus parviceps butleri Cogger 1983
Rankinia butleri Melville, Shoo & Doughty 2008
Ctenophorus butleri Wilson & Swan 2010
Ctenophorus butlerorum [justified emendation] Melville, Wilson, Ford & Macdonald 2017

Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of parviceps (e.g., Aplin & Smith 2001). Often treated as a separate species (e.g., Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983; Wilson & Knowles 1988, Wilson & Swan 2010). Revalidated by Melville, Shoo & Doughty (2008).
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).


Ctenophorus caudicinctus

Ring-tailed Dragon, Western Ring-tailed Dragon

Ringelschwanz-Agame

Ringhalet Kamagam

1875 Grammatophora caudicincta Günther
Amphibolurus caudicinctus Boulenger 1885
Ctenophorus caudicinctus Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Phthanodon caudicinctus Wells & Wellington 1984
Tachyon caudicinctus Wells & Wellington 1985
1876 Amphibolurus imbricatus Peters (syn.Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)
1967 Amphibolurus caudicinctus mensarum Storr (syn. Melville, Hainesm, Hale, Chapple & Ritchie 2016)
Phthanodon mensarum Wells & Wellington 1984
Ctenophorus caudicinctus mensarum Cogger 1996

Other common names:
mensarum: Murchison Rock Dragon
Remarks: Previously included graafi, infans, and slateri.
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).


Ctenophorus chapmani

Southern Heath Dragon, Eastern Heath Dragon, Prickly Dragon, (Chapman's Dragon)

Südliche Heideagame

Sydlig Hedeagam

1977 Amphibolurus adelaidensis chapmani Storr
Rankinia chapmani Wells & Wellington 1984
Amphibolurus chapmani Greer 1989
Ctenophorus chapmani Melville, Schulte & Larson 2001

Remarks: Raised to species status by Melville, Shoo & Doughty (2008), although already Wells & Wellington (1984) had treated it as such.
Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Western Australia).


Ctenophorus clayi

Black-shouldered Ground Dragon, Black-collared Dragon, (Clay's Dragon)

Schwarzschulter-Agame

Sortskuldret Kamagam

1966 Amphibolurus clayi Storr
Ctenophorus clayi Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
1985 Ctenophorus raffertyi Wells & Wellington (syn.Shea & Sadlier 1999)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia).


Ctenophorus cristatus

Crested Dragon, Crested Bicycle Dragon

Kamm-Soldatenagame

Almindelig Kamagam

1841 Grammatophora cristata Gray
Amphibolurus cristatus Boulenger 1885
Ctenophorus cristatus Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Licentia cristata Wells & Wellington 1984

Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Western Australia).


Ctenophorus decresii

Southern Tawny Crevice Dragon, (Tawny Rock Dragon, Tawny Dragon)

Südliche Gelbbraune Felsenagame

Sydlig Gulbrun Kamagam

1837 Grammatophora decresii Dumeril & Bibron
Ctenophorus decresii Fitzinger 1843
Amphibolurus decresii Peters 1864
1843 Agama decresiensis Fitzinger [substitute name for Grammatophora decresii Duméril & Bibron 1837]

Remarks: Now restricted to South Australia. Previously included the populations now assigned to mirrityana and modestus. Records from New South Wales refer to mirrityana (McLean, Moussalli, Sass & Stuart-Fox 2013).
Distribution: Australia (South Australia [incl. Kangaroo Island]).


Ctenophorus decresii
© Rune Midtgaard

Ctenophorus dualis

South Coast Military Dragon, South Coast Sand Dragon, Nullarbor Spotted Sand Dragon

Nullarbor-Soldatenagame

Nullarbor-soldateragam

1965 Amphibolurus maculatus dualis Storr
Ctenophorus maculatus dualis Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Phthanodon dualis Wells & Wellington 1984
Ctenophorus dualis Edwards & Hutchinson 2023

Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of maculatus (e.g., Storr 1965). Raised to species status by Edwards & Hutchinson (2023).
Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Western Australia).





Ctenophorus femoralis

Long-tailed Sand Dragon, Long-legged Sand Dragon

Langschwanz-Sandagame

Langhalet Kamagam

1965 Amphibolurus femoralis Storr
Ctenophorus femoralis Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Phthanodon femoralis Wells & Wellington 1984

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).


Ctenophorus fionni

Peninsula Dragon

Eyre-Halbinsel-Agame

Sydaustralsk Kamagam

1923 Amphibolurus fionni Procter
Ctenophorus fionni Swanson 1987

Distribution: Australia (South Australia).


Ctenophorus fordi

Western Mallee Dragon, Mallee Sand Dragon, Mallee Military Dragon

Westliche Mallee-Soldatenagame

Vestlig Mallee-soldateragam

1965 Amphibolurus fordi Storr
Ctenophorus fordi Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Phthanodon fordi Wells & Wellington 1984
1985 Phthanodon hawkeswoodi Wells & Wellington (syn.Shea & Sadlier 1999)

Remarks: Previously included the populations now assigned to spinodomus.
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia).


Ctenophorus gibba

Gibber Dragon, Bulldust Ground Dragon

Wüsten-Bodenagame

Ørken-kamagam

1974 Amphibolurus gibba Houston
Ctenophorus gibba Wilson & Knowles 1988

Distribution: Australia (South Australia).


Ctenophorus graafi

Mount Eveline Dragon, (Graaf's Ring-tailed Dragon)

Mount-Eveline-Agame

Mount Eveline-kamagam

1967 Amphibolurus caudicinctus graafi Storr
Phthanodon graafi Wells & Wellington 1984
Tachyon graafi Wells & Wellington 1985
Ctenophorus caudicinctus graafi Cogger 1996
Ctenophorus graafi Melville, Hainesm, Hale, Chapple & Ritchie 2016

Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of caudicinctus. Raised to species status by Melville, Hainesm, Hale, Chapple & Ritchie (2016).
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia).





Ctenophorus griseus

Wheatbelt Military Dragon, Wheatbelt Sand Dragon, Wheatbelt Spotted Sand Dragon

Graue Soldatenagame

Grå Soldateragam

1965 Amphibolurus maculatus griseus Storr
Ctenophorus maculatus griseus Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Phthanodon griseus Wells & Wellington 1984
Ctenophorus griseus Edwards & Hutchinson 2023

Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of maculatus (e.g., Storr 1965). Raised to species status by Edwards & Hutchinson (2023).
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).





Ctenophorus ibiri

Eyre Peninsula Mallee Dragon

Eyre-Mallee-Soldatenagame

Eyre-Mallee-soldateragam

2023 Ctenophorus ibiri Edwards & Hutchinson

Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of maculatus (Edwards & Hutchinson 2023).
Distribution: Australia (South Australia).





Ctenophorus infans

Laverton Dragon, Laverton Ring-tailed Dragon, Southern Murchison Rock Dragon

Laverton-Agame

Laverton-kamagam

1967 Amphibolurus caudicinctus infans Storr
Phthanodon infans Wells & Wellington 1984
Ctenophorus caudicinctus infans Cogger 1996
Ctenophorus infans Melville, Hainesm, Hale, Chapple & Ritchie 2016

Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of caudicinctus. Raised to species status by Melville, Hainesm, Hale, Chapple & Ritchie (2016).
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).





Ctenophorus isolepis

Central Military Dragon, Military Sand Dragon

Zentralaustralische Soldatenagame

Centralaustralsk Soldateragam

1881 Grammatophora isolepis Fischer
Amphibolurus isolepis Storr 1965
Ctenophorus isolepis Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Phthanodon isolepis Wells & Wellington 1984
1924 Amphibolurus maculatus gularis Sternfeld (syn.Cogger 1996)
Amphibolurus isolepis gularis Storr 1965
Ctenophorus isolepis gularis Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Phthanodon gularis Wells & Wellington 1984
1965 Amphibolurus isolepis citrinus Storr
Ctenophorus isolepis citrinus Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Phthanodon citrinus Wells & Wellington 1984

Other common names:
citrinus: Goldfields Military Sand Dragon
Remarks: Previously included rubens.
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia).


Ctenophorus isolepis
© Rune Midtgaard

Ctenophorus kartiwarru

Red-backed Military Dragon, Red-backed Sand Dragon

Rot-rücken Soldatenagame

Rødrygget Soldateragam

2023 Ctenophorus kartiwarru Edwards & Hutchinson

Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of maculatus (Edwards & Hutchinson 2023).
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia).





Ctenophorus maculatus

Spotted Military Dragon, Spotted Sand Dragon, Spotted Dragon, Coastal Spotted Sand Dragon

Gefleckte Soldatenagame

Plettet Soldateragam

1831 Uromastyx maculatus Gray
Grammatophora maculata Gray 1867
Amphibolurus maculatus Boulenger 1885
Ctenophorus maculatus Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Phthanodon maculatus Wells & Wellington 1984
1837 Grammatophora gaimardii Duméril & Bibron (syn.Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)

Remarks: Previously included badius, dualis, and griseus, as well as the populations now assigned to ibiri, kartiwarru, tjakalpa, and tuniluki (Edwards & Hutchinson 2023).
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).


Ctenophorus maculatus
© Rune Midtgaard

Ctenophorus maculosus

Lake Eyre Dragon

Lake Eyre-Agame

Lake Eyre-agam

1948 Tympanocryptis maculosa Mitchell
Amphibolurus maculosus Cogger 1967
Ctenophorus maculosus Wilson & Knowles 1988

Distribution: Australia (South Australia).


Ctenophorus maculosus
© Rune Midtgaard

Ctenophorus mckenziei

Dwarf Bicycle Dragon, (McKenzie's Chenopod Dragon, McKenzie's Dragon)

Zwerg-Soldatenagame

Dværg-kamagam

1981 Amphibolurus mckenziei Storr
Ctenophorus mckenziei Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Licentia mckenziei Wells & Wellington 1984

Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Western Australia).


Ctenophorus mirrityana

Barrier Range Dragon

Barrier-Range-Felsengame

Barrier Range-kamagam

2013 Ctenophorus mirrityana McLean, Moussalli, Sass & Stuart-Fox

Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of decresii.
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales).


Ctenophorus modestus

Northern Tawny Crevice Dragon, Swift Rock Dragon

Nördliche Gelbbraune Felsenagame

Nordlig Gulbrun Kamagam

1926 Amphibolurus modestus Ahl
Ctenophorus modestus Dong, Johnston, Stuart-Fox, Moussalli, Rankin & McLean 2021

Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of decresii (e.g., Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983). Revalidated as a separate species by Dong, Johnston, Stuart-Fox, Moussalli, Rankin & McLean (2021).
Distribution: Australia (South Australia).





Ctenophorus nguyarna

Lake Disappointment Dragon

Lake-Disappointment-Agame

Nguyarna-kamagam

2007 Ctenophorus nguyarna Doughty, Maryan, Melville & Austin

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).


Ctenophorus nuchalis

Central Netted Dragon, Central Netted Ground Dragon

Zentralaustralische Netzagame

Centralaustralsk Netagam

1884 Macrops nuchalis De Vis
Amphibolurus nuchalis Rankin 1977
Ctenophorus nuchalis Swanson 1987
1888 Grammatophora inermis De Vis (syn.Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)
Amphibolurus reticulatus inermis Loveridge 1934
Amphibolurus inermis Storr 1966
Ctenophorus inermis Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
1919 Amphibolurus reticulatus major Sternfeld (syn.Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)
Ctenophorus major Wells & Wellington 1984

Other common names:
inermis: Defenseless Dragon
Remarks: Some authors have maintained to refer to this species as inermis (e.g., Storr, Hanlon & Dunlop 1983; Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983; Storr & Harold 1984; Chapman & Dell 1985), although inermis is clearly a junior synonym of nuchalis.
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia).


Ctenophorus nuchalis
© Rune Midtgaard

Ctenophorus ornatus

Ornate Crevice Dragon, Ornate Dragon

Pracht-Felsenagame

Pragt-kamagam

1875 Grammatophora ornata Gray
Amphibolurus ornatus Boulenger 1885
Ctenophorus ornatus Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
1926 Amphibolurus tibialis Ahl (syn.Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).


Ctenophorus ornatus
© Rune Midtgaard

Ctenophorus parviceps

Northwestern Heath Dragon, Gnaraloo Earless Dragon, Gnaraloo Heath Dragon

Nordwestliche Heideagame

Nordvestlig Hedeagam

1964 Tympanocryptis parviceps Storr
Amphibolurus parviceps Storr 1977
Rankinia parviceps Wells & Wellington 1985
Ctenophorus parviceps Wilson & Swan 2010

Remarks: Previously included butlerorum.
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).


Ctenophorus pictus

Painted Dragon, Painted Ground Dragon

Gemalte Bartagame

Malet Kamagam

1866 Amphibolurus pictus Peters
Grammatophora picta Günther 1875
Ctenophorus pictus Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
1985 Ctenophorus dudleyi Wells & Wellington (syn.Shea & Sadlier 1999)

Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia).


Ctenophorus pictus
© Rune Midtgaard

Ctenophorus reticulatus

Western Netted Dragon, Western Netted Ground Dragon

Westaustralische Netzagame

Vestlig Netagam

1845 Grammatophora reticulata Gray
Amphibolurus reticulatus Boulenger 1885
Ctenophorus reticulatus Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Licentia reticulata Wells & Wellington 1984
1867 Grammatophora laevis Günther (syn.Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)
1932 Amphibolurus darlingtoni Loveridge (syn.Storr 1966; Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia).


Ctenophorus rubens

Greater Military Dragon, Russet Dragon

Grosse Soldatenagame

Stor Soldateragam

1965 Amphibolurus isolepis rubens Storr
Amphibolurus rubens Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Phthanodon rubens Wells & Wellington 1984
Ctenophorus rubens Aplin & Smith 2001

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).


Ctenophorus rufescens

Rusty Crevice Dragon, Rusty Dragon, Bicycle Lizard

Rost-Felsenagame

Rustrød Kamagam

1893 Amphibolurus rufescens Stirling & Zietz
Ctenophorus rufescens Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Licentia rufescens Wells & Wellington 1984

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia).


Ctenophorus salinarum

Saltpan Ground Dragon, Claypan Dragon, Salt Lake Dragon

Salzsee-Bodenagame

Saltsø-agam

1966 Amphibolurus pictus salinorum Storr
Amphibolurus salinarum Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983
Ctenophorus salinarum Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983

Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Western Australia).


Ctenophorus scutulatus

Lozenge-marked Dragon, Lozenge-marked Bicycle Dragon

Rauten-Agame

Rudemønstret Kamagam

1893 Amphibolurus scutulatus Stirling & Zietz
Ctenophorus scutulatus Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Licentia scutulata Wells & Wellington 1984
1904 Amphibolurus websteri Boulenger (syn.Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)
Licentia websteri Wells & Wellington 1984
1905 Amphibolurus holsti Rosén (syn.Loveridge 1934; Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983)

Remarks: Presence in South Australia needs confirmation. Known from only a single specimen (Loveridge 1938) which has been lost (Houston & Hutchinson 1998).
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).


Ctenophorus scutulatus
© Rune Midtgaard

Ctenophorus slateri

Hermannsburg Dragon, (Slater's Ring-tailed Dragon)

Hermannsburg-Agame

Hermannsburg-kamagam

1967 Amphibolurus caudicinctus slateri Storr
Phthanodon slateri Wells & Wellington 1984
Ctenophorus caudicinctus slateri Cogger 1996
Ctenophorus slateri Melville, Hainesm, Hale, Chapple & Ritchie 2016
1967 Amphibolurus caudicinctus macropus Storr (syn. Melville, Hainesm, Hale, Chapple & Ritchie 2016)
Phthanodon macropus Wells & Wellington 1984
Ctenophorus caudicinctus macropus Cogger 1996

Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of caudicinctus. Raised to species status by Melville, Hainesm, Hale, Chapple & Ritchie (2016).
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia).


Ctenophorus slateri
© Rune Midtgaard

Ctenophorus spinodomus

Eastern Mallee Dragon

Östliche Mallee-Soldatenagame

Østlig Mallee-soldateragam

2019 Ctenophorus spinodomus Sadlier, Colgan, Beatson & Cogger

Remarks: The morphologically similar "aff. Group 1" of Sadlier, Colgan, Beatson & Cogger (2019) is herein tentatively included under spinodomus, pending confirmation based on molecular studies.
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria).





Ctenophorus tjakalpa

Ghost Military Dragon, Ghost Sand Dragon

Fantom-Soldatenagame

Fantom-soldateragam

2023 Ctenophorus tjakalpa Edwards & Hutchinson

Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of maculatus (Edwards & Hutchinson 2023).
Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Western Australia).





Ctenophorus tjantjalka

Ochre Dragon

Ocker-Agame

Okkergul Kamagam

1992 Ctenophorus tjantjalka Johnston

Distribution: Australia (South Australia).


Ctenophorus tuniluki

Southern Mallee Dragon

Südliche Mallee-Soldatenagame

Sydlig Mallee-soldateragam

2023 Ctenophorus tuniluki Edwards & Hutchinson

Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of maculatus (Edwards & Hutchinson 2023).
Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Victoria).





Ctenophorus vadnappa

Red-barred Dragon

Rotband-Agame

Rødbåndet Kamagam

1974 Amphibolurus vadnappa Houston
Ctenophorus vadnappa Wilson & Knowles 1988

Distribution: Australia (South Australia).


Ctenophorus yinnietharra

Yinnietharra Crevice Dragon, Yinnietharra Rock Dragon

Yinnietharra-Felsenagame

Yinnietharra-kamagam

1981 Amphibolurus yinnietharra Storr
Ctenophorus yinnetharra Storr, Smith & Johnstone 1983
Licentia yinnietharra Wells & Wellington 1984

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).