Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Related bibliographies: Reptiles Snakes Viperidae Africa Asia Middle East Taxonomy of the genus Echis Biodiversity of the family Viperidae Bibliography of the genus Echis (Carpet Vipers) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted. Echis in general Arnold, E.N.; Robinson, M.D.; Carranza, S. 2009. A preliminary analysis of phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of the dangerously venomous carpet vipers, Echis (Squamata, Serpentes, Viperidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Amphibia-Reptilia 30(2): 273-282. Auffenberg, W.; Rehman, H. 1991. Studies on Pakistan reptiles. 1. The genus Echis (Viperidae). Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 35(5): 263-314. Babocsay, G. 2010. [A molekularis es morfologiai modszerek elonyei es hatranyai a rendszertani kutatasokban; egy toxikus pelda, avagy az arab fureszpikkelyes-vipera (Echis coloratus) fajcsoport esete [Molecular versus morphological methods in taxonomy: a toxic case: the Echis coloratus complex]. (In Hungarian). Allattani Kozlemenyek 95(2): 179-190. Barlow, A.; Pook, C.E.; Harrison, R.A.; Wüster, W. 2009. Coevolution of diet and prey-specific venom activity supports the role of selection in snake venom evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 276(1666): 2443-2449. Casewell, N.R.; Harrison, R.A.; Wüster, W.; Wagstaff, S.C. 2009. Comparative venom gland transcriptome surveys of the saw-scaled vipers (Viperidae: Echis) reveal substantial intra-family gene diversity and novel venom transcripts. BMC Genomics 10(564): 1-12. Cherlin, V.A. 1983. Dependence of scale pattern in snakes of the genus Echis from climatic factors. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 62(2): 252-258. Cherlin, V.A. 1983. New data on taxonomy of snakes from the Echis genus. Vestnik Zoologii 1983(2): 42-46. Cherlin, V.A. 1983. New facts on the taxonomy of snakes of the genus Echis. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 61: 1-7. Cherlin, V.A. 1988. [The geographical distribution of snakes of the genus Echis in connection with their adaptation to environment]. (In Russian). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk 1988(3): 29-33. Cherlin, V.A. 1990. Taxonomic revision of the snake genus Echis (Viperidae). 2. An analysis of taxonomy and description of new forms. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta 207: 193-223, 235. Cherlin, V.A.; Borkin, L.J. 1990. Taxonomic revision of the snake genus Echis (Viperidae). 1. An analysis of the history of study and synonymy. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta 207: 175-192, 234. Chugh, K.S.; Mohanthy, D.; Pal, Y.; Das, K.C.; Ganguly, N.K.; Chakravarty, R.N. 1981. Hemostatic abnormalities following Echis carinatus (saw-scaled viper) envenomation in the rhesus monkey. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 30(5): 1116-1120. Ineich, I.; Tellier, J.M. 1992. Une glande supralabiale a debouche externe chez le genre Echis (Reptilia, Viperidae), cas unique chez les serpents. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie III Sciences de la Vie 315(2): 49-53. Jennings, M.C. 2008. Viper kills and eats wheatear. Phoenix 24: 23, 13. Joger, U.; Courage, K. 1999. Are Palaearctic 'rattlesnakes' (Echis and Cerastes) monophyletic? Kaupia Darmstädter Beiträge Zur Naturgeschichte 8: 65-81. Mehrtens, J.M. 1950. The saw-scaled viper in captivity. Herpetologica 6: 202. Pauwels, O.S.G.; David, P. 2008. Miscellanea herpetologica Gabonica II. Hamadryad 32(1): 19-24. Pook, C.E.; Joger, U.; Stuempel, N.; Wüster, W. 2009. When continents collide: Phylogeny, historical biogeography and systematics of the medically important viper genus Echis (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53(3): 792-807. Richards, D.P.; Barlow, A.; Wüster, W. 2012. Venom lethality and diet: differential responses of natural prey and model organisms to the venom of the saw-scaled vipers (Echis). Toxicon 59(1): 110-116. Rogalski, A.; Soerensen, C.; Brouw, B. op den; Lister, C.; Dashevsky, D.; Arbuckle, K.; Gloria, A.; Zdenek, C.N.; Casewell, N.R.; Gutiérrez, J.M.; Wüster, W.; Ali, S.A.; Masci, P.; Rowley, P.; Frank, N.; Fry, B.G. 2017. Differential procoagulant effects of saw-scaled viper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Echis) snake venoms on human plasma and the narrow taxonomic ranges of antivenom efficacies. Toxicology Letters 280: 159-170. Stemmler, O. 1991. Die Sandrasselottern und ihre nächsten Verwandten (Echis viperidae). Aquaria (St Gallen) 38(9): 261-269. Stemmler, O. 1991. Die Sandrasselottern und ihre nächsten verwandten (Echis, Viperidae). Aquaria (St Gallen) 38(10): 290-298. Villiers, A. 1950. Contribution a l'étude de l'Air (Mission L. Chopard et A. Villiers). Reptiles. Ophidiens et cheloniens. Mem. Inst. Franc. Afr. Noire 10: 337-344. Whitaker, R. 1976. Echis collection in Ratnagiri district. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 71(3) [1974]: 617-620. Echis borkini Stuempel, N.; Joger, U. 2009. Recent advances in phylogeny and taxonomy of Near and Middle Eastern vipers - an update. ZooKeys 31 (Special Issue): 179-191. Echis carinatus Rhadi, F.A.; Rastegar-Pouyani, E.; Rastegar-Pouyani, N.; Mohammed, R.G.; Yousefkhani, S.S.H. 2016. Phylogenetic affinities of the Iraqi populations of Saw-scaled Vipers of the genus Echis (Serpentes: Viperidae), revealed by sequences of mtDNA genes. Zoology in the Middle East 62(4): 299-305. Adiyodi, K.G. 1961. Occurrence of the Phoorsa, Echis carinata (Schneider) along the Malabar coast south of Karwar. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 58: 528. Afrasiab, S.R.; Al-Ganabi, M.I.; Al-Fartosi, K. 2012. Snake species new or rare to the herpetofauna of Iraq. Herpetozoa 24(3-4): 179-181. Backhaus, D. 1972. Unterschiede in der Giftwirkung von Sandrasselottern (Echis carinatus) und Kettenvipern (Vipera russelii). Salamandra 8(3-4): 177-178. Banerji, R.P. 1910. The Echis carinata bite. Ind. Med. Gaz. Calcutta 45: 140. Bannerman, W.B. 1910. Note on the breeding of Echis carinata. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 20: 230-231. Baskar, N.; Rao, M.J. 1996. Notes on breeding of sawscaled viper at Arignar Anna Zoological Park. Cobra (Madras) 25: 15. Basu Jahas, S.A.; Thomas, J.; Easa, P.S. 1996. A report on the occurrence of sawscaled viper (Echis carinatus) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala. Cobra (Madras) 25: 13. Bogdanov, O.P. 1970. Autumn feeding of the saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 49: 162-163. Bons, J.; Dakka, A. 1963. Capture au Maroc de la vipère des pyramides, Echis carinatus (Schneider 1801). C. R. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc 2: 55-57. Branch, W.R. 1980. The scientific results of the Oman flora and fauna survey, 1977 (Dhofar). Chromosome morphology of some reptiles from Oman and adjacent territories. Journal of Oman Studies Special Report 2: 333-345. Butler, A.E. 1958. Jumping snakes. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 55: 173. Cansdale, G.S. 1958. West African snakes: Correction to fig. of E. carinatus, vol. 14, p. 113, should be B. arietans. Nigerian Field 23: 47-48. Cherlin, V.A. 1977. [The relationship between behaviour in Echis carinatus and microclimatic conditions]. pp. 227-228. In: Darevsky, I.S. [Fourth All-Union Herpetological Conference. Questions in Herpetology]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskij Institut. Izdatel'stvo 'Nauka', Leningrad. 243 pp. (In Russian). Cherlin, V.A. 1981. [The effect of humidity in the habitat of Echis multisquamatus in southern Turkmenia]. pp. 149-150. (In Russian). In: Darevsky, I.S., Ananjeva, N.B., Barkagan, Z.S., Borkin, L.Y., Sokolova, T.M. & Shcherbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp. Cherlin, V.A. 1981. The new saw-scaled viper Echis multisquamatus sp. nov. from south-western and Middle Asia. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 101: 92-95. Cherlin, V.A.; Tsellarius, A.J. 1981. The behaviour dependence of the saw-scaled viper, Echis multisquamatus Cherlin, 1981 on temperature in south Turkmenia. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 101: 96-108. Cloudsley-Thompson, J.L. 1988. The saw-sealed viper (Echis carinatus). British Herpetological Society Bulletin 24: 32-33. Daniels, R.J.R. 2011. Snake abundance: the limits of occupancy-based estimates. Current Science (Bangalore) 101(2): 137-138. Deoras, P.J.; Vad, N.E. 1958. Probable food habit of Echis carinatus. Proceedings Indian Sci. Congr. 45(3): 378. Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1951. Some new races of the snakes Eryx, Callophis and Echis. Spolia Zeylanica 26: 147-150. Devaraj, A. 1990. Studies on sex ratio in the poisonous viper Echis carinatus. Indian Zoologist 14(1-2): 7-9. Dowling, H.G. 1959. Rattles and hisses and rasping scales. Animal Kingdom 62: 140-142. Drewes, R.C.; Sacherer, J.M. 1974. A new population of carpet vipers Echis carinatus from northern Kenya. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum 145: 1-7. Fernando, E.C. 1962. The occurrence of Echis carinatus - the saw-scaled viper in the southern Province. Loris 9: 215-216. Feroze, A.; Malik, S.A.; Kilpatrick, W.C. 2010. Phylogenetic relationships of medically important vipers of Pakistan inferred from cytochrome b sequences. Journal of Animal and Plants Sciences 20(3): 147-157. Gans, C.; Latifi, M. 1973. Another case of presumptive mimicry in snakes. Copeia 1973(4): 801-802. Gnanathasan, A.; Chaturaka, R.; Peranantharajah, T.; Coonghe, A. 2012. Case report: Saw-scaled Viper bites in Sri Lanka: is it a different subspecies? Clinical evidence from an authenticated case series. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 86(2): 254-257. Hillaby, J. 1964. A plague of vipers. New Scientist 23: 780-782. Hughes, B. 1976. Notes on African carpet vipers, Echis carinatus, E. leucogaster, and E. ocellatus (Viperidae, Serpentes). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 83(2): 359-371. Jaleel, T.M.A. 1967. [First report of Echis carinata from Travancore]. Indian Forester 93: 273. Jolly, G.G. 1912. Habitat of Echis carinata. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 21: 1340. Khacher, L.J. 1977. Echis in trees. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 74(1): 180-181. Khan, M.S. 2002. Notes on saw-scale viper Echis carinatus and its status in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 34(3): 181-187. Kroon, C. 1975. A possible Müllerian mimetic complex among snakes. Copeia 1975(3): 425-428. Kumar, K.K.; Palot, M.J. 2008. On the occurrence of saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) at Peringavu Hills, Malappuram District, Kerala. Cobra (Chennai) 2(1): 22-25. Lehmann, H.D. 1964. Echis carinata im Terrarium. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 17: 151-152. Meaden, A.A. 1928. Recovery from the bite of a phoorsa Echis carinata. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 32: 800-801. Mebs, D.; Kornalik, F. 1981. Schlangengiftseren - Probleme ihrer Wirksamkeit, untersucht am Beispiel von Echis carinatus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae). Salamandra 17(3-4): 89-98. Medd, H.A.N. 1956. Jumping snakes. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 54: 195-197. Meier, J.; Freyvogel, T.A. 1980. Comparative studies on venoms of the fer-de-lance (Bothrops atrox), carpet viper (Echis carinatus) and spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) snakes at different ages. Toxicon 18(5-6): 661-662. Meinig, H.; Kessler, H. 1998. Herpetologische Beobachtungen im Rahmen einer Nationalparkplanung: Barr al Hikman und Masirah Island, Sultanat von Oman (Amphibia; Reptilia). Faunistische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 21(Supplement): 89-97. Mendelssohn, H. 1965. On the biology of the venomous snakes of Israel. 2. Israel Journal of Zoology 14: 185-212. Mosse, A.H.E. 1912. Saw-scaled viper (Echis carinata) as a tree-snake. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 21: 1339-1340. Murthy, T.N.; Venkateswarlu, T. 1972. Notes on the occurrence of the saw scaled viper, Echis carinatus (Schn.) (Serpentes: Viperidae) around Madras and its habits. Indian J. Zool. 13(3): 117-118. Persianova, L.A. 1975. [Abundance and measurements of the carpet viper in various populations]. pp. 86-88. (In Russian). In: Khairutdinov, K.S. & Devletshina, A.G. (eds.): [Ecology and biology of the animals of Uzbekistan. 2. Vertebrates]. Fan, Tashkent. 191 pp. Persianova, L.A.; Krylova, E.S. 1977. [On reproduction in the saw-scaled viper Echis carinata]. pp. 167-168. In: Darevsky, I.S. [Fourth All-Union Herpetological Conference. Questions in Herpetology]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskij Institut. Izdatel'stvo 'Nauka', Leningrad. 243 pp. (In Russian). Pitman, C.R.S. 1972. The saw-scaled viper or carpet viper (Echis carinatus) in Africa and its bite. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 9: 6-34. Purohit, G.R. 1944. Echis carinata poisoning. Ind. med. Gaz. 79(6): 266-267. Radhakrishnan, C. 1997. Occurrence of saw scaled viper, Echis carinatus (Schneider) (Viperidae: Serpentes: Squamata: Reptilia) in Trichur district, Kerala. Cobra (Chennai) 30: 13-15. Rahmani, A.R.; Bhushan, B. 1986. Large grey shrike killing a snake. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 82(3) [1985]: 656-657. Ravichandran, B.; Siliwal, M. 2010. Snakes of Rameshwaram. Reptile RAP 9: 2-3. Reinhold, C.H. 1910. A fatal case of snake-bite by Echis carinata. Ind. Med. Gaz. 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Anmol Publications, New Delhi. 341 pp. Sharma, O.P.; Kour, G. 2005. Karyology of four Indian snakes. Caryologia 58(4): 380-386. Singh, C. 1925. Fatal cases of snake-bite (? Echis carinatus). Ind. Med. Gaz. Calcutta 60: 471-472, 477-478. Singh, S.F.; Sharma, R.M. 1992. A note on the status of the saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) in Sindhudurg District of Maharashtra. Herpeton (Pune) 4 [1991]: 11-12. Sinha, B.; Sharma, R.C. 2008. Records of Eryx johnii (Russell, 1801) (Ophidia: Boidae) and Echis carinatus (Schneider, 1801) (Ophidia: Viperidae) from the Thar desert, Rajasthan, India, with distributional notes on other snakes. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 105(3): 342-343. Stemmler, O. 1969. Die Sandrasselotter aus Pakistan: Echis carinatus sochureki subsp. nov. Aqua Terra 6: 118-125. Stemmler, O. 1970. Über den Geburtsvorgang bei einer Sandrasselotter (Echis carinatus). Salamandra 6(1-2): 18-25. Stemmler-Gyger, O. 1965. Zur Biologie der Rassen von Echis carinatus (Schneider 1801). Salamandra 1: 29-46. Stubenvoll, R. 1953. Die Sandrasselotter (Echis carinata). DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 6: 99. Torki, F. 2009. Einige ökologische and biologische Aspekte von Echis carinatus sochureki Stemmler, 1969, mit Anmerkungen zur wahrscheinlichen Ausbreitung der Gattung Echis Merrem 1820, in Südwest-Asien. Sauria (Berlin) 31(1): 33-37. Toschi, A. 1946. The saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) in Kenya. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 19(3-4): 134. Tuck, R.G. 1974. Geographic distribution: Echis carinatus. Iran: Strait of Hormoz: Hormoz Island. Herpetological Review 5(4): 108. Tyurin, S.V. 1986. A record of scaleless specimen of saw-scaled carpet viper Echis multisquamatus. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 157: 202. Vidal, G.W. 1890. A List of the venomous snakes of North Kanara; with remarks as to the imperfections of existing records of the distribution of snakes, and facts and statistics showing the influence of Echis carinata on the death-rate of the Bombay Presidency. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 5: 64-71. Villiers, A. 1956. Le Parc National du Niokolo-Koba, Reptiles. Memoires de l'Institut Fondamental D'Afrique Noire 48: 143-162. Vyas, R. 1987. A list of the snakes of the Bhavnagar district. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 84(1): 277-231. Vyas, R. 1998. Captive breeding of the saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus). Hamadryad 22(2) [1997]: 115-117. Wall, F. 1900. Parturition of an Echis carinata. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 13: 184. Wall, F. 1909. Notes on two casualties from the sawscaled viper (Echis carinata). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 19: 266-267. Wall, F. 1925. A case of Echis carinatus(?) poisoning. 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