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Taxonomy of the genus Gavialis Biodiversity of the family Gavialidae

Bibliography of the genus
Gavialis (Indian Gharial)

(Reptilia: Crocodylia: Gavialidae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Gavialis gangeticus

Anonymous. 1925. The length attained by and the habits of the Gharial (G. gangeticus). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 30: 703-704.

Anonymous. 1974. Survey of Gavialis gangeticus. IUCN Bulletin 5(8): 32.

Anonymous. 1975. Survey of Gavialis gangeticus. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 2(3): 23.

Anonymous. 1976. Fourth gharial sanctuary in India. Newsletter of the Madras Snake Park Trust 1(2): 11.

Anonymous. 1976. Hatching of gharials in Orissa. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 3(2): 20-21.

Anonymous. 1976. India's third gharial sanctuary. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 3(4): 26.

Anonymous. 1976. Third gharial sanctuary in India. Conservation News S.E. Asia 10(3): 9.

Anonymous. 1976. World gharial population. Newsletter of the Madras Snake Park Trust 1(2): 12.

Anonymous. 1977. India's gharial sanctuaries. Oryx 13(5): 479.

Anonymous. 1977. United Nations press release, New Delhi 11th August 1977. Crocodile breeding - saving an endangered Indian species. British Herpetological Society Newsletter 17: 2-5.

Anonymous. 1981. First successful breeding of Ganges gharials (Gavialis gangeticus). Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 8(2): 10.

Anonymous. 1981. Increasing the gharials. Oryx 16(1): 40.

Anonymous. 1995. Indian zoo and other captive facilities holding gharial - state wise listing. Zoos' Print 10(2): 6-7.

Anonymous. 2000. Population and habitat viability assessment for Gharial. Reptile Rap (Newletter of the Reptile Network of South Asia) 2(1): 6-7.

Abdulali, H. 1957. Reflected glow from the eyes of the Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 54: 769-770.

Acharjyo, L.N.; Biswas, S.; Misra, R. 1976. Some notes on gharial [Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin)] in captivity. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 72(2) [1975]: 558-560.

Acharjyo, L.N.; Kar, S.K.; Patnaik, S.K. 1996. Role of Nandankanan Biological Park, Orissa, in conservation of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus). Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 23(3): 5-8.

Acharjyo, L.N.; Kar, S.K.; Patnaik, S.K. 1996. Studies on captive breeding of the gharial, Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) in Orissa. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 93(2): 210-213.

Acharjyo, L.N.; Singh, L.; Pattanaik, S.K. 1991. Age at sexual maturity of gharial Gavialis gangeticus (Reptilia: Crocodilia). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 87(3) [1990]: 458-459.

Acharjyo, L.N.; Singh, L.; Pattanaik, S.K. 1991. Occurrence of congenital blindness in gharial Gavialis gangeticus (Reptilia: Crocodilia). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 88(1): 117-118.

Acharjyo, L.N.; Singh, L.A.K. 1989. Twinning abnormality in Gavialis gangeticus (Reptilia, Crocodilia). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 86(2): 248-250.

Acharya, K.P.; Khadka, B.K.; Jnawali, S.R.; Malla, S.; Bhattarai, S.; Wikramanayake, E.; Köhl, M. 2017. Conservation and population recovery of Gharials (Gavialis gangeticus) in Nepal. Herpetologica 73(2): 129–135.

Andrews, H. 1989. Gavialis gangeticus nest at the Madras Crocodile Bank. Hamadryad 14(1): 13-14.

Andrews, H.; Whitaker, R. 1988. A note on gharial oviduct extrusion while nesting at the Madras Crocodile Bank. Hamadryad 13(2): 20-21.

Ballouard, J.M.; Priol, P.; Oison, J.; Ciliberti, A.; Cadi, A. 2010. Does reintroduction stabilize the population of the critically endangered gharial (Gavialis gangeticus, Gavialidae) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal? Aquatic Conservation 20(7): 756-761.

Barton, C.G. 1929. The occurrence of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in Burma. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 33: 450-451.

Basu, D.; Bustard, H.R. 1981. Maternal behaviour in the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin)). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 78(2): 390-392.

Bedi, R. 1982. A unique documentary on gharial (Gavialis gangeticus). Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 9(2): 9.

Bedi, R. 1984. Indian wildlife. Brijbasi, New Delhi. 312 pp.

Biswas, S. 1970. A preliminary survey of gharial in the Kosi River. Indian Forester 96: 705-710.

Biswas, S. 1976. The gharial in the Mahanadi River in Orissa. Newsletter of the Zoological Survey of India 2(2): 44-46.

Biswas, S.; Acharjyo, L.N.; Mohapatra, S. 1977. A note on the protuberance or knob on the snout of male gharial [Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin)]. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 74(3): 536-537.

Bonke, R.; Whitaker, N.; Rödder, D.; Böhme, W. 2015. Vocalizations in two rare crocodilian species: a comparative analysis of distress calls of Tomistoma schlegelii (Muller, 1838) and Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin, 1789). North-Western Journal of Zoology 11(1): 141513, 151-162.

Bostwick, M. 2003. New Indian gharial exhibit at the San Diego Zoo. Proceedings of the National Conference of the American Association of Zoo Keepers Inc. 29: 181-185.

Brien, M.L.; Lang, J.W.; Webb, G.J.; Stevenson, C.; Christian, K.A. 2013. The good, the bad, and the ugly: agonistic behaviour in juvenile crocodilians. PLoS ONE 8(12): e80872: 1-12.

Brochu, C.A. 1997. Morphology, fossils, divergence timing, and the phylogenetic relationships of Gavialis. Systematic Biology 46(3): 479-522.

Bustard, H.R. 1978. Conservation of the gharial. British Journal of Herpetology 5(10): 747-748.

Bustard, H.R. 1980. A note on nesting behaviour in the Indian gharial Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) (Reptilia, Crocodillia). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 76(3) [1979]: 519-521.

Bustard, H.R. 1980. Clutch size, incubation and hatching success of gharial (Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin)) eggs from Narayani River, Nepal, 1976-1978. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 77(1): 100-105.

Bustard, H.R. 1980. Extinction of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in Bhutan. British Journal of Herpetology 6(2): 68.

Bustard, H.R. 1980. Maternal care in the gharial, Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin). British Journal of Herpetology 6(2): 63-64.

Bustard, H.R. 1980. Status of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) Gmelin in Bhutan. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 77(1): 150.

Bustard, H.R. 1984. Breeding the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus): captive breeding a key conservation strategy for endangered crocodilians. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 52: 385-406.

Bustard, H.R. 1985. Captive breeding of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus). ASRA (Association for the Study of Reptilia and Amphibia) Journal 2(4): 23-45.

Bustard, H.R. 1998. Crocodile Breeding Project. pp. 147-164. In: Saharia, V.B. Wildlife in India. Revised and updated edition. Natraj Publishers, Dehra Dun. 294 pp.

Bustard, H.R.; Basu, D. 1982. A record (?) gharial clutch. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 79(1): 207-208.

Bustard, H.R.; Choudhury, B.C. 1982. The distribution of the gharial. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 79(2): 427-428.

Bustard, H.R.; Maharana, S. 1980. First captive breeding of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus). British Journal of Herpetology 6(3): 106.

Bustard, H.R.; Maharana, S. 1981. Fatal male-male conflict in the gharial, Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) (Reptilia, Crocodilia). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 78(1): 171-173.

Bustard, H.R.; Maharana, S. 1982. Size at first breeding in the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin)) (Reptilia, Crocodilia) in captivity. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 79(1): 206-207.

Bustard, H.R.; Maharana, S. 1983. Growth rates in sub-adult gharial Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) (Reptilia, Crocodilia). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 80(1): 224-226.

Bustard, H.R.; Singh, L.A.K. 1980. Growth in the gharial. British Journal of Herpetology 6(3): 107.

Bustard, H.R.; Singh, L.A.K. 1981. Gharial attacks on man. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 78(3): 610-611.

Bustard, H.R.; Singh, L.A.K. 1983. Movements of wild gharial, Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) in the River Mahanadi, Orissa (India). British Journal of Herpetology 6(8): 287-291.

Bustard, R. 1975. Gharial and crocodile conservation management in Orissa. Fao (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Interim Report (Fo: Ind/71/033 Ws/h6271): 1-15.

Bustard, R.; Singh, L.A.K. 1977. Studies on the Indian gharial Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) (Reptilia, Crocodilia). 1. Estimation of body length from scute length. Indian Forester 103(2): 140-149.

Bustard, R.; Singh, L.A.K. 1977. Studies on the Indian gharial Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) (Reptilia, Crocodilia). Change in terrestrial locomotory pattern with age. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 74(3): 534-536.

Cadi, A.; Maskey, T.; Fourgeirol, L. 2005. Gharial re-inforcement in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Re-introduction News 24: 45-46.

Cawston, F.G. 1943. A consideration of the dentition of Gavialis gangetica Laurenti with special reference to the supposed continual replacement of the teeth of crocodiles. Dental Rec. London 63(11): 263-266.

Cawston, F.G. 1943. Some notes on the possible replacement of teeth in Gavialis gangeticus. Current Science (Bangalore) 12(4): 114.

Cawston, F.G. 1948. Replacement of teeth in Gavialis. Current Science (Bangalore) 17(9): 262.

Chauhan, R. 2009. Gharial rescue from Kandhesi Minor at Bharthana Town of Etawah District, Uttar Pradesh. Zoos' Print 24(11): 23.

Choudhury, A. 1992. Records of the gharial Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) from the Dhakuakhana area of Assam. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 89(3): 380-381.

Choudhury, A. 1997. Records of the gharial Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) from the Barak River system of north-eastern India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 94(1): 162-164.

Choudhury, A. 1998. Status of the gharial Gavialis gangeticus in the main Brahmaputra River. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 95(1): 118-120.

Choudhury, B.C.; Bustard, H.R. 1984. Stunted growth in captive-reared gharial. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 80(2): 423-425.

Choudhury, B.C.; Singh, L.A.K.; Rao, R.J.; Basu, D.; Sharma, R.K.; Hussain, S.A.; Andrews, H.V.; Whitaker, N.; Whitaker, R.; Lenin, J.; Maskey, T.; Cadi, A.; Rashid, S.M.A.; Choudhury, A.A.; Dahal, B.; KoKo, U.W.; Thorbjarnarson, J.; Ross, J.P. 2007. Gavialis gangeticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T8966A12939997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T8966A12939997.en.

Choudhury, B.C.; Singh, L.A.K.; Rao, R.J.; Basu, D.; Sharma, R.K.; Hussain, S.A.; Andrews, H.V.;, Whitaker, N.; Whitaker, R.; Lenin, J.; Maskey, T.; Cadi, A.; Rashid, S.M.A.; Choudhury, A.A.; Dahal, B.; Win, K.K., U.; Thorbjarnarson, J.; Ross, J.P. 2007. Gavialis gangeticus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. www.iucnredlist.org (viewed 6 May 2015).

Chowdhury, S. 1988. Feeding and growth of hatchlings of Gavialis gangeticus in captivity. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 85(2): 288-297.

Chowdhury, S.; Bustard, H.R.; Tandan, B.K. 1983. Incubation and hatching of eggs of Gavialis gangeticus in hatcheries. British Journal of Herpetology 6(9): 337-342.

Chowfin, S.M.; Leslie, A.J. 2013. A preliminary investigation into nesting and nest predation of the critically endangered, Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) at Boksar in Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand, India. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 5(2): 54-57.

Chowfin, S.M.; Leslie, A.J. 2014. A multi-method approach for the inventory of the adult population of a critically endangered crocodilian, the Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) at Dhikala, Corbett Tiger Reserve incorporating direct counts and trail cameras. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 6(2): 148-158.

Daniels, R.J.R. 1995. Notes on the status of monitor lizards & crocodiles in India. Cobra (Madras) 21: 6-11.

Dhungel, S.K. 1987. Reintroduction of gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in Nepal. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 14(4): 11-15.

Faizuddin, M. 1985. Distribution, abundance and conservation of gharials in Bangladesh. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 12(3): 22-23.

Gad, S.D. 2008. Indian Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) on the verge of extinction. Current Science (Bangalore) 94(12): 1549.

Goit, R.K.; Basnet, K. 2011. Status and conservation of crocodiles in the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, eastern Nepal. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(8): 2001-2010.

Gramentz, D. 2012. Zum Schreckruf von Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin, 1789). Sauria (Berlin) 34(1): 21-26.

Green, R.E.; Braun, E.L.; Armstrong, J.; Dent, E.; Nguyen, N.; Hickey, G.; Vandewege, M.W.; St. John, J.A.; Capella-Gutiérrez, S.; Castoe, T.A.; Kern, C.; Fujita, M.K.; Opazo, J.C.; & al. 2014. Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs. Science (Washington D C) 346(6215): 1254449.

Honegger, R.E. 1971. The status of four threatened crocodilian species of Asia. pp. 44-50. In: Crocodiles. Proceedings of the first working meeting of crocodile specialists sponsored by the New York Zoological Society and organized by the Survival Service Commission, lUCN, at the Bronx Zoo, New York 15-17 March 1971. lUCN, Switzerland. 191 pp.

Hussain, S.A. 1999. Reproductive success, hatchling survival and rate of increase of gharial Gavialis gangeticus in National Chambal Sanctuary, India. Biological Conservation 87(2): 261-268.

Hussain, S.A. 2009. Basking site and water depth selection by gharial Gavialis gangeticus Gmelin 1789 (Crocodylia, Reptilia) in National Chambal Sanctuary, India and its implication for river conservation. Aquatic Conservation 19(2): 127-133.

Jaiprakash Narayan, M.C.; Sharma, R.K. 1994. A study on the distribution and nesting pattern of gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in National Chambal Sanctuary. Journal of Tropical Forestry 10(1): 61-64.

Janke, A.; Gullberg, A.; Hughes, S.; Aggarwal, R.K.; Arnason, U. 2005. Mitogenomic analyses place the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) on the crocodile tree and provide Pre-K/T divergence times for most crocodilians. Journal of Molecular Evolution 61(5): 620-626.

Jha, P.K.; Ghimire, G.P.S.; Tripathi, G.R. 1994. Royal Chitwan National Park: past and present. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 21(3): 5-10.

John, M.C.; Venkataraman, K.S.; Subramaniam, P.R. 1991. Restraining of gharials (Gavialis gangeticus). Zoos' Print 6(5): 21.

Kalaiarasan, V.; Rajarathinam, R. 2005. A gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) (Gmelin) which lost its lower mandible in intra-specific fighting. Cobra (Chennai) 60: 26-29.

Kar, C.S.; Rao, R.J. 1986. A gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) at Gahirmatha coast, Orissa, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 82(3) [1985]: 671-674.

Kawecki, T. 1988. [The restoration of the gavial in Nepal]. (In Polish). Wszechswiat 89(3): 63-64, 65.

Kumar, R. 1988. Study on gharial basking behaviour. Hamadryad 13(2): 21-22.

Kumar, V.V. 2006. Ecology and natural history of Indian crocodilians with special reference to mugger crocodile. pp. 193-229. In: Gupta, V.K.; Verma, A.K.; Tisdell, C.A.; Kumari, V.; Sherstha, T.K.; Kumar, S.; Gerlach, J. (eds.). Perspectives in animal ecology and reproduction. Vol. 3. Daya Publishing House, Delhi. 443 pp.

Lal, S.; Basu, D. 1982. Sexing and sex ratios of gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) raised in captivity. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 79(3): 688-691.

Lang, J.W.; Whitaker, S. 2011. Application of telemetry techniques in crocodilian research: Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) spatial ecology in the Chambal River, India. ENVIS Bulletin Wildlife and Protected Areas 13(1): 161-170.

Maddock, S.T. 2010. Gavialis gangeticus (Indian Gharial): behaviour. Herpetological Bulletin 113: 39-40.

Madras Snake Park Trust 1976. Madhya Pradesh gharial survey. Newsletter of the Madras Snake Park Trust 1(2): 2-3.

Maharana, S.; Bustard, H.R. 1982. Behaviour of the male gharial during the nesting and post-hatching period. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 79(3): 677-681.

Maskey, T.M.; Percival, H.F.; Abercrombie, C. 1995. Gharial habitat use in Nepal. Journal of Herpetology 29(3): 463-464.

Maskey, T.M.; Schleich, H.H. 1992. Untersuchungen und Schutzmassnahmen zum Gangesgavial in Südnepal. Natur und Museum (Frankfurt am Main) 122(8): 258-267.

Meganathan, P.R.; Dubey, B.; Jogayya, K.N.; Whitaker, N.; Haque, I. 2010. A novel multiplex PCR assay for the identification of Indian crocodiles. Molecular Ecology Resources 10(4): 744-747.

Misra, P.R.; Patra, S.K.; Mohapatra, H.K.; Patra, K.C.; Mohapatra, S. 1996. Aetiopathological findings from young gharial mortality cases. Indian Veterinary Journal 73(8): 888-889.

Mohanty, J.; Tripathy, S.B. 1980. Prolapse of the genitals including prolapse of cloaca in male gharial (Gavialis gangeticus): a clinical case report. Indian Veterinary Journal 57(4): 347-349.

Nair, T.; Thorbjarnarson, J.B.; Aust, P.; Krishnaswamy, J. 2012. Rigorous gharial population estimation in the Chambal: implications for conservation and management of a globally threatened crocodilian. Journal of Applied Ecology 49(5): 1046-1054.

Nawab, A.; Yadav, S.K.; Sato, K.; Miyazaki, N.; Gautam, P. 2011. Bio-logging science: new insights to Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus, Gmelin, 1789) conservation in India. ENVIS Bulletin Wildlife and Protected Areas 13(1): 171-184.

Oliver, J.A. 1956. The oddest-looking crocodilian. Animal Kingdom 59: 178-180.

Pickett, J.; Townson, S. (eds.) 1976. Success in gharial conservation. British Herpetological Society Newsletter 15: 2-3.

Piggott, S.; Lewis, T.; Greig-Smith, P.; Griffin, R. 2010. Conservation of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) at the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Chennai, India. Herptile 35(1): 17-25.

Ranjitha, J.; Shoba, S. 2014. Comparison of spatio-thermal profiles of two species of Indian crocodiles: Mugger (Crocodylus palustris) and Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in captivity. Cobra (Chennai) 8(2): 5-11.

Ranjitsinh, M.K.; Singh, L.A.K. 2002. The gharial Gavialis gangeticus in Indravati River? Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 99(2): 330.

Rao, M.V.S. 1983. Rearing, farming, conservation and management of the endangered Indian crocodiles, Gavialis gangeticus Gmelin, Crocodylus porosus Schneider, and Crocodylus palustris Lesson. Annual Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation and Husbandry Proceedings 6 [1982]: 102-116.

Rao, M.V.S. 1987. Incubating eggs of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) for conservation purposes. pp. 503-505. In: Webb, G.J.W., Manolis, S.C. & Whitehead, P.J. (eds.). Wildlife management: crocodiles and alligators. Surrey Beatty & Sons & Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, New South Wales. 552 pp.

Rao, M.V.S.; Bustard, H.R. 1980. Observations on the hatching sequence of the Indian gharial, Gavialis gangeticus, Gmelin. Comparative Physiology and Ecology 5(4): 342-345.

Rao, R.J. 1986. Gharial conservation in the National Chambal Sanctuary. Hamadryad 11(3): 16-17.

Rao, R.J. 1988. Nesting ecology of the gharial in National Chambal Sanctuary. Hamadryad 13(2): 22-23.

Rao, R.J. 1990. Recovered gharial population in the National Chambal Sanctuary. IUCN (International Union For Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Publications New Series 9(2): 122-143.

Rao, R.J. 1992. Conservation status of crocodiles in the Madhya Pradesh, India. pp. 32-45. In: IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles: proceedings of the 11th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - the World Conservation Union convened at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 2 to 7 August 1992. Vol. 2. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland. 283 pp.

Rao, R.J. 1999. Gharial reintroduction in India. IZN (International Zoo News) 46(1)(290): 32-33.

Rao, R.J. 2006. Gharial re-introduction in Chambal River, India: a success story. Re-introduction News 25: 16-17.

Rao, R.J. 2008. Supplementation of Indian Gharial in protected areas of Madhya Pradesh, India. pp. 87-90. In: Soorae, P.S. (ed.). Global re-introduction perspectives: re-introduction case-studies from around the globe. IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, Abu Dhabi. 284 pp.

Rao, R.J.; Choudhury, B.C. 1992. Sympatric distribution of gharial Gavialis gangeticus and mugger Crocodylus palustris in India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 89(3): 312-315.

Rao, R.J.; Sharma, R.K. 1986. Gharial rehabilitation in Madhya Pradesh, India. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 13(1): 2-4.

Rao, R.J.; Sharma, R.K. 1987. Annual gharial census in North National Chambal Sanctuary, 1985. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 14(1): 9-11.

Rao, R.J.; Singh, L. 1993. Communal nesting by gharial Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) (Reptilia: Crocodilia) in National Chambal Sanctuary. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 90(1): 17-22.

Rao, R.J.; Singh, L. 1995. Status and conservation of the gharial in India. Zoos' Print 10(2): 1-5.

Rao, R.J.; Singh, L.A.K. 1988. Notes on ecological relationship in basking and nesting site utilisation among Kachuga spp. (Reptilia, Chelonia) and Gavialis gangeticus (Reptilia, Crocodylia) in National Chambal Sanctuary. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 84(3) [1987]: 599-604.

Ross, C.A. 1976. Reflected glow from the eyes of the gharial. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 72(2) [1975]: 557-558.

Saikia, B.P.; Saud, B.J.; Saikia, M.K.; Saikia, P.K. 2010. Present distribution status and conservation threats of Indian Gharial in Assam, India. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 2(12): 382-387.

Sarkar, D.; Ramesh, C.; Hussain, S.A.; Mondal, R.; Talukdar, G. 2018. A field observation of the critically endangered Indian Gharial, Gavialis gangeticus (Gemlin 1789), in the Lower Ganga Canal, Narora, Uttar Pradesh, India. IRCF (International Reptile Conservation Foundation) Journal 25(3): 204–207.

Sarker, N.J.; Huda, S.M.Q.; Khan, S.I.; Haque, M.N. 2008. Investigation on the status, distribution and conservation problems of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 36(1): 1-9.

Sarker, N.J.; Khan, S.I.; Jaman, M.F. 2003. The food consumption of gharial, Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin), (Crocodilia: Gavialidae) in captivity. Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 31(2): 185-188.

Sarker, S.U. 1987. Crocodiles and lizards of Siragonj (Pabna), Bangladesh. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 14(4): 30-32.

Schleich, H.H.; Gassner, P.; Maskey, T.M. 1994. Ultrastrukturen und Variabilität der Eischalen von Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin, 1789) (Crocodylia: Gavialidae). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 173: 299-313.

Shahi, S.P. 1975. Save the gharial. Wildlife (London) 17(12): 554-555.

Sharma, R.K. 1985. Results of 1981 survey for gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in north National Chambal Sanctuary. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 82(1): 215-218.

Sharma, R.K. 1987. Captive rearing of gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in Madhya Pradesh. Hamadryad 12(1): 19.

Sharma, R.K. 1993. Annual gharial census in National Chambal Sanctuary (1992-93). Journal of Tropical Forestry 9(1): 90-93.

Sharma, R.K. 1995. Gharial census in National Chambal Sanctuary. Journal of Tropical Forestry 11(2): 159-161.

Sharma, R.K.; Mathur, R.; Mishra, M.D. 1997. Nesting biology of gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in National Chambal Sanctuary. Cobra (Chennai) 30: 9-12.

Sharma, R.K.; Mathur, R.; Sharma, S. 1995. Status survey of soil quality in National Chambal Gharial Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh. Journal of Ecobiology 7(1): 61-65.

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