Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk). Latest update: December 31st, 2022. Taxonomy of the family Phrynosomatidae Bibliography of the genus Phrynosoma Biodiversity of the family Phrynosomatidae Genus Phrynosoma Horned Lizards, ("Horned Toads") Krötenechsen Tudseleguaner 1817 Tapaia Oken [nomen rejectum] (type species: Lacerta orbicularis Linnaeus 1758; syn. Smith & Chiszar 1989) 1825 Tapayia Gray [nomen rejectum] (type species: Lacerta orbicularis Linnaeus 1758; syn. Smith & Chiszar 1989) 1826 Tapaya Fitzinger [nomen rejectum] (type species: Lacerta orbicularis Linnaeus 1758; syn. Smith & Chiszar 1989) 1828 Phrynosoma Wiegmann (type species: Lacerta orbicularis Linnaeus 1758) 1843 Batrachosoma Fitzinger (type species: Agama coronatum Blainville 1835; syn. Smith & Taylor 1950) 1843 Tropidogaster Fitzinger (type species: Agama cornuta Harlan 1825; syn. Smith & Taylor 1950) 1852 Anota Hallowell (type species: Anota m'callii Hallowell 1852; syn. Smith & Taylor 1950) 1858 Doliosaurus Girard (type species: Phrynosoma platyrhinos Girard 1852; syn. Smith & Taylor 1950) 1858 Tapaya Girard [not Tapaya Fitzinger 1826 (Reptilia: Iguanidae)] (type species: Lacerta orbicularis Linnaeus 1758; syn. Smith & Taylor 1950) Contents: 21 species, of which 10 (47.6%) are endemic. Endemism: 0% 100% Distribution: SW. Canada, W. USA, Mexico, Guatemala. Reported from: Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan), Guatemala, Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte [incl. Isla Cedros], Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas), USA (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming). Phrynosoma asio Giant Horned Lizard, Long-spined Horned Lizard, (Mexican Horned Lizard) Riesen-Krötenechse Kæmpe-tudseleguan 1864 Phrynosoma asio Cope Batrachosoma asio Bocourt 1874 1873 Phrynosoma spinimentum Peters (Smith & Taylor 1950) Remarks: The common name "Mexican Horned Lizard" has also been used for taurus. Distribution: Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla). Phrynosoma asio © Rune Midtgaard Phrynosoma bauri Eastern Short-horned Lizard, (Baur's Short-horned Lizard) Östliche Kurzhorn-Krötenechse Østlig Korthornet Tudseleguan 2015 Phrynosoma bauri Montanucci Phrynosoma hernandesi bauri Crother (ed.) 2017 Distribution: USA (Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico, Wyoming). Phrynosoma blainvillii Western Horned Lizard, (Blainville's Horned Lizard) Westliche Krötenechse Vestlig Tudseleguan 1839 Phrynosoma blainvillii Gray Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillei [sic] Smith 1946 1894 Phrynosoma frontale Van Denburgh (Montanucci 2004) Phrynosoma coronatum frontale Linsdale 1932 Phrynosoma blainvillii frontale Van Denburgh 1897 1921 Phrynosoma schmidti Barbour (Montanucci 2004) Phrynosoma coronatum schmidti Liner 1994 1922 Phrynosoma nelsoni Schmidt (Jennings 1988, as synonym of schmidti) 1932 Phrynosoma ochoterenai Cuesta Terrón (Smith & Taylor 1950; Jennings 1988) Other common names: blainvillii: San Diego Horned Lizard frontale: California Horned Lizard schmidti: Northern Peninsular Horned Lizard Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym or subspecies of coronatum (e.g., Brattstrom 1997). Revalidated by Montanucci (2004). Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte [incl. Isla Cedros]), USA (California). Phrynosoma braconnieri Short-tailed Horned Lizard, Long-spined Horned Lizard Kurzschwanz-Krötenechse Korthalet Tudseleguan 1870 Phrynosoma braconnieri Dumeril & Bocourt Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz). Phrynosoma brevirostris Great Plains Short-horned Lizard Nördliche Kurzhorn-Krötenechse Nordlig Korthornet Tudseleguan 1858 Phrynosoma brevirostris Girard Phrynosoma douglassii brevirostre Smith 1946 Phrynosoma hernandesi brevirostris Crother (ed.) 2017 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of douglasii (e.g., Smith 1946), or, more recently, as a synonym of hernandesi (e.g., Zamudio, Jones & Ward 1997). Revalidated as a separate species by Montanucci (2015). Presence of brevirostris in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming needs confirmation, since an old record from (USNM 9458) refer to douglasii (Montanucci 2015). Distribution: Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan), USA (Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming). Phrynosoma cerroense Vizcaino Horned Lizard, (Cedros Island Horned Lizard) Vizcaino-Krötenechse Vizcaino-tudseleguan 1893 Phrynosoma cerroense Stejneger 1922 Phrynosoma jamesi Schmidt (Montanucci 2004) Phrynosoma coronatum jamesi Klauber 1936 2004 Phrynosoma wigginsi Montanucci (Leaché & Linkem 2015) Other common names: jamesi: Central Peninsular Horned Lizard wigginsi: Conceptión Horned Lizard, Gulf Coast Horned Lizard Remarks: This species has variously been regarded as a subspecies or synonym of coronatum (e.g., Linsdale 1932; Grismer & Mellink 1994; Brattstrom 1997) or as a separate species (e.g., Jennings 1988). Revalidated by Montanucci (2004). Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte [incl. Isla Cedros], Baja California Sur). Phrynosoma cornutum Texas Horned Lizard Texas-Krötenechse Texas-tudseleguan 1825 Agama cornuta Harlan Tapaya cornuta Cuvier 1829 Phrynosoma cornutum Gray 1831 Tropidogaster cornutus Ruthven 1907 1828 Phrynosoma bufonium Wiegmann (Price 1990) 1834 Phrynosoma harlanii Wiegmann (Price 1990) 1852 Phrynosoma planiceps Hallowell (Price 1990) Phrynosoma cornutum planiceps Boulenger 1885 1916 Phrynosoma brevicornis Boulenger (Price 1990) Introduced to: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee). Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas), USA (Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas). Phrynosoma cornutum © Rune Midtgaard Phrynosoma coronatum Cape Horned Lizard, (Coast Horned Lizard) Kronen-Krötenechse Kap-tudseleguan 1835 Agama coronatum Blainville Phrynosoma coronatum Duméril & Bibron 1837 Remarks: Now restricted to Mexico. Previously included blainvillii and cerroense. Records from USA refer to blainvillii (Montanucci 2004). Introduced to: Colombia, Guatemala. Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur). Phrynosoma diminutum Colorado Short-horned Lizard, San Luis Valley Short-horned Lizard Colorado-Kurzhorn-Krötenechse Korthornet Colorado-tudseleguan 2015 Phrynosoma diminutum Montanucci Phrynosoma hernandesi diminutum Crother (ed.) 2017 Distribution: USA (Colorado). Phrynosoma ditmarsi Rock Horned Lizard Felsen-Krötenechse Klippe-tudseleguan 1906 Phrynosoma ditmarsi Stejneger Distribution: Mexico (Sonora). Phrynosoma douglasii Pygmy Short-horned Lizard, Pygmy Horned Lizard Zwerg-Krötenechse Dværg-tudseleguan 1829 Agama douglassii Bell [incorrect original spelling] Phrynosoma douglassi Wagler 1830 Phrynosoma orbiculare douglassi Johnson 1942 Phrynosoma douglasii Hammerson & Smith 1991 [justified emendation] 1871 Phrynosoma douglassii exilis Cope (Schmidt 1953) 1882 Phrynosoma douglassii pygmaea Yarrow (Schmidt 1953) Remarks: Previously included brevirostris, hernandesi, ornatissimum, and the populations now assigned to bauri and diminutum (Montanucci 2015). Hammerson & Smith (1991) noted that douglassii is an incorrect original spelling, the correct spelling is douglasii. Records from Montana and Wyoming are extralimital and need to be verified by additional specimens to clarify the status of the populations (Montanucci 2015). A record from southwestern Wyoming (Johnson 2007) was provisionally referred to brevirostris (Montanucci 2015). Extinct in: Canada (British Columbia). Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming). Phrynosoma douglasii © Rune Midtgaard Phrynosoma goodei Sonoran Horned Lizard, Sonoran Desert Horned Lizard, (Goode's Horned Lizard) Sonora-Krötenechse Sonora-tudseleguan 1893 Phrynosoma goodei Stejneger Anota goodei Cope 1898 Phrynosoma platyrhinos goodei Klauber 1935 Remarks: Regarded until recently as a subspecies of platyrhinos (e.g., Pianka 1991). Revalidated as a separate species by Mulcahy, Spaulding, Mendelson & Brodie (2006). Distribution: Mexico (Sonora), USA (Arizona). Phrynosoma hernandesi Greater Short-horned Lizard, Mountain Short-horned Lizard (P. h. hernandesi), Salt Lake Valley Short-horned Lizard (P. h. ornatum) Grosse Kurzhorn-Krötenechse Stor Korthornet Tudseleguan 1858 Phrynosoma hernandesi Girard Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi Cope 1900 Phrynosoma orbiculare hernandesi Klauber 1939 1858 Phrynosoma ornatum Girard Phrynosoma douglassii ornatum Stejneger 1919 Phrynosoma hernandesi ornatum Montanucci 2015 Other common names: hernandesi: Mountain Short-horned Lizard, (Hernandez' Short-horned Lizard) ornatum: Salt Lake Valley Short-horned Lizard Remarks: Previously included brevirostris, ornatissimum, and the populations now assigned to bauri and diminutum (Montanucci 2015). Revalidated as a separate species (as "hernandezi") by Zamudio, Jones & Ward (1997). Hammerson & Smith (1991) claimed that hernandesii is an incorrect original spelling, and the correct spelling is hernandezii, however, this was subsequently rejected by Smith, Adler, Chiszar & Breukelen (1999). Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora), USA (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah). Phrynosoma mcallii Flat-tailed Horned Lizard Flachschwanz-Krötenechse Fladhalet Tudseleguan 1852 Anota m'callii Hallowell Doliosaurus mc'calli Girard 1858 Phrynosoma maccallii Cope 1867 Phrynosoma m'calli Stejneger 1893 Anota maccalli Bryant 1911 Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Sonora), USA (Arizona, California). Phrynosoma modestum Round-tailed Horned Lizard Rundschwanz-Krötenechse Rundhalet Tudseleguan 1852 Phrynosoma modestum Girard in Baird & Girard Doliosaurus modestus Girard 1858 Anota modesta Cope 1896 Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas), USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas). Phrynosoma orbiculare Mountain Horned Lizard, Mexican Plateau Horned Lizard, Red Horned Lizard, Linnaeus' Horned Lizard Mexikanische Kurzhorn-Krötenechse Bjerg-tudseleguan 1758 Lacerta orbicularis Linnaeus Agama orbiculaire Cuvier 1817 Phrynosoma orbiculare Wiegmann 1828 Tapaya orbicularis Dugès 1888 1839 Phrynosoma wiegmanni Gray (Smith & Taylor 1950) 1870 Tapaya boucardii Duméril & Bocourt (Montanucci 1979) Phrynosoma boucardii Boulenger 1885 Phrynosoma orbiculare boucardii Montanucci 1979 1870 Tapaya cortezii Duméril & Bocourt (Smith & Taylor 1950) Phrynosoma orbiculare cortezii Boulenger 1885 1870 Tapaya dugesii Duméril & Bocourt (Smith & Taylor 1950) Phrynosoma orbiculare dugesii Boulenger 1885 1888 Tapaya orbicularis longicaudatus Dugès (Smith & Taylor 1950) 1953 Phrynosoma orbiculare alticola Davis 1955 Phrynosoma orbiculare bradti Horowitz 1955 Phrynosoma orbiculare durangoensis Horowitz (Montanucci 1979) 1955 Phrynosoma orbiculare orientale Horowitz Other common names: boucardii: Boucard's Horned Lizard bradti: Sierra Madre Horned Lizard cortezii: Cortez's Horned Lizard dugesii: Dugès' Horned Lizard orbiculare: Mexican Plateau Horned Lizard orientale: Eastern Mountain Horned Lizard Remarks: Erroneously reported from Colima (Reyes-Velasco, Grünwald, Jones & Ahumada-Carrillo 2020). Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas). Phrynosoma ornatissimum Southern Short-horned Lizard, Desert Short-horned Lizard (P. o. ornatissimum), Short-tailed Short-horned Lizard (P. o. brachycercum) Südliche Kurzhorn-Krötenechse Sydlig Korthornet Tudseleguan 1858 Phrynosoma ornatissima Girard Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum Yarrow 1875 Phrynosoma ornatissimum Montanucci 2015 Phrynosoma hernandesi ornatissimum Crother (ed.) 2017 1942 Phrynosoma douglassii brachycercum Smith Phrynosoma ornatissimum brachycercum Montanucci 2015 Other common names: brachycercum: Short-tailed Short-horned Lizard, (Smith's Short-horned Lizard) ornatissimum: Desert Short-horned Lizard Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of douglasii (e.g., Yarrow 1875) or, more recently, as a synonym of hernandesi (e.g., Zamudio, Jones & Ward 1997). Not mentioned for Chihuahua by Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Woolrich-Piña & Cruz (2017). Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas), USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Utah). Phrynosoma platyrhinos Desert Horned Lizard Wüsten-Krötenechse Ørkentudseleguan 1852 Phrynosoma platyrhinos Girard Doliosaurus platyrhinos Girard 1858 Anota platyrhina Cope 1900 1896 Anota calidiarum Cope (Jones & Lovich (eds.) 2009) Phrynosoma calidiarum Ditmars 1907 Phrynosoma platyrhinos calidiarum Reeve 1952 Other common names: calidiarum: Southern Desert Horned Lizard platyrhinos: Northern Desert Horned Lizard Remarks: Previously included goodei. Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte), USA (Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington). Phrynosoma platyrhinos © Rune Midtgaard Phrynosoma sherbrookei Guerreran Horned Lizard Guerrero-Krötenechse Guerrero-tudseleguan 2014 Phrynosoma sherbrookei Nieto-Montes de Oca, Arenas-Moreno, Beltrán-Sánchez & Leaché Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero). Phrynosoma solare Regal Horned Lizard Vierhorn-Krötenechse Konge-tudseleguan 1845 Phrynosoma solaris Gray Phrynosoma solare Van Denburgh 1895 [emendation] 1858 Phrynosoma regale Girard (Parker 1974) Remarks: A doubtful record from Baja California. Distribution: Mexico (Sinaloa, Sonora), USA (Arizona, New Mexico). Phrynosoma solare © Rune Midtgaard Phrynosoma taurus Bull Horned Lizard, (Mexican Horned Lizard) Büffelhorn-Krötenechse Tyre-tudseleguan 1868 Phrynosoma taurus Duges Remarks: The common name "Mexican Horned Lizard" has also been used for asio by some authors. Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla).