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Taxonomy of the genus Osteolaemus Biodiversity of the family Crocodylidae

Bibliography of the genus
Osteolaemus (Dwarf Crocodiles)

(Reptilia: Crocodylia: Crocodylidae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Osteolaemus in general

Ceríaco, L.M.P.; Sá, S. dos A.C. de; Bauer, A.M. 2018. The genus Osteolaemus (Crocodylidae) in Angola and a new southernmost record for the genus. Herpetology Notes 11: 337-341.

Eaton, M.J.; Martin, A.; Thorbjarnarson, J.B.; Amato, G. 2009. Species-level diversification of African dwarf crocodiles (genus Osteolaemus): a geographic and phylogenetic perspective. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50(3): 496-506.

Hatase, J.; Inoue, T. 1997. Breeding the dwarf crocodiles. (In Japanese, English summary). Animals and Zoos 49(4) (565): 110-113.

Kalin, J. 1941. Über die Alters-Variationen von Osteolaemus tetraspis Cope und über "Osteoblepharon osborni K.P. Schmidt". Zoologischer Anzeiger 134: 295-299.

Pitman, C.R.S. 1952. Pigmy crocodiles in Uganda. Uganda Journal (Kampala) 16(2): 121-124.

Schmidt, F.; Franke, F.A.; Shirley, M.H.; Vliet, K.A.; Villanova, V.L. 2015. The importance of genetic research in zoo breeding programmes for threatened species: the African dwarf crocodiles (genus Osteolaemus) as a case study. pp. 125–136. In: Zoological Society of London (ed.). International Zoo Yearbook. Vol. 49. Reptile Conservation. Zoological Society of London, London. 442 pp.

Smolensky, N.L. 2015. Co-occurring cryptic species pose challenges for conservation: a case study of the African Dwarf Crocodile (Osteolaemus spp.) in Cameroon. Oryx 49(4): 584-590.

Smolensky, N.L.; Hurtado, L.A.; Fitzgerald, L.A. 2015. DNA barcoding of Cameroon samples enhances our knowledge on the distributional limits of putative species of Osteolaemus (African Dwarf Crocodiles). Conservation Genetics 16(1): 235-240.

Wermuth, H. 1974. Zwergkrokodile. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 27(12): 424-426.

Osteolaemus osborni

Dolinay, M. 2017. About our cover: Osteolaemus osborni. Herpetological Review 48(4): 900. (Anonymous author, but the cover image referred to, photographed by M. Dolinay, along with the note, represents the first published record of the species from Congo-Brazzaville).

Franke, F.A.; Schmidt, F.; Borgwardt, C.; Bernhard, D.; Bleidorn, C.; Engelmann, W.E.; Schlegel, M. 2013. Genetic differentiation of the African dwarf crocodile Osteolaemus tetraspis Cope, 1861 (Crocodylia: Crocodylidae) and consequences for European zoos. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 13(2): 255-266.

Inger, R.F. 1948. The systematic status of the crocodile Osteoblepharon osborni. Copeia 1948: 15-19.

Osteolaemus tetraspis

Abercrombie, C.L. 1978. Notes on west African crocodilians (Reptilia, Crocodilia). Journal of Herpetology 12(2): 260-262.

Akani, G.C.; Luiselli, L.; Angelici, F.M.; Politano, E. 1998. Bushmen and herpetofauna: notes on amphibians and reptiles traded in bush-meat markets of local people in the Niger Delta (Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria). Anthropozoologica 27: 21-26.

Akani, G.C.; Luiselli, L.; Angelici, F.M.; Politano, E. 1998. Preliminary data on distribution, habitat and status of crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus, Crocodylus cataphractus and Osteolaemus tetraspis) in the eastern Niger delta (Nigeria). Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 87-88: 35-43.

Antunes, M.T. 1962. Presenca de Osteolaemus tetraspis nas lagoas asfalticas de Sassa-Zau (Maiombe). pp. 67-76. In: Estud. Cient. homenagem Prof. D. J. Carrington da Costa., Lisboa.

Beck, C. 1978. Breeding the West African dwarf crocodile Osteolaemus tetraspis tetraspis at Memphis Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 18: 89-91.

Behra, O. 1990. Sex ratio of African dwarf crocodiles (Osteolaemus tetraspis Cope, 1861) exploited for food in Congo. pp. 3-5. In: Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - the World Conservation Union Convened at Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., 23rd to 27th April 1990. Vol. 2. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland. 345 pp.

Brieger, A.; Huchzermeyer, F.W.; Riley, J. 1997. Stumpfkrokodile im Kongo. Reptilia (D) 2(7): 33-38.

Brock, J. 1960. Panzerechsen im Zimmer VI. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 13: 180-183.

Crocodile Specialist Group. 1996. Osteolaemus tetraspis. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. www.iucnredlist.org (viewed 8 May 2015).

Dinets, V. 2012. Blue-billed Malimbe Malimbus nitens associating with crocodiles outside the breeding season. Malimbus 34(1): 39-41.

Eaton, M.J.; Link, W.A. 2011. Estimating age from recapture data: integrating incremental growth measures with ancillary data to infer age-at-length. Ecological Applications 21(7): 2487-2497.

Engelmann, W.E. 2001. Keeping and breeding of dwarf crocodiles (Osteolaemus tetraspis) in the Leipzig Zoo Aquarium. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique Numero Special (Monaco) 20(1): 331-336.

Frey, E.; Salisbury, S.W. 2001. The kinematics of aquatic locomotion in Osteolaemus tetraspis Cope. pp. 165-179. In: Grigg, G.C.; Seebacher, F.; Franklin, C.E. (eds.). Crocodilian biology and evolution. Surrey Beatty, Chipping Norton. 446 pp.

Hara, K.; Kikuchi, F. 1978. Breeding the West African dwarf crocodile Osteolaemus t. tetraspis at Ueno Zoo, Tokyo. International Zoo Yearbook 18: 84-87.

Hara, K.; Kikuchi, F. 1978. Breeding the West African dwarf crocodile Osteolaemus tetraspis tetraspis at Ueno Zoo, Tokyo. International Zoo Yearbook 18: 84-87.

Hoeven, C.A. van der; Boer, W.F. de; Prins, H.H.T. 2004. Pooling local expert opinions for estimating mammal densities in tropical rainforests. Journal for Nature Conservation 12(4): 193-204.

Hudgens, B.R. 1997. Nest predation avoidance by the blue-billed malimbe Malimbus nitens (Ploceinae). Ibis 139(4): 692-694.

IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group. 1996. Osteolaemus tetraspis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996: e.T15635A4931429. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T15635A4931429.en.

Jones, S. 1992. The Gambian dwarf crocodile project. Preliminary report 1990. SWHS Journal 2(1) [1991]: 11-17.

Jones, S.; Morton, M.; Jones, G.; Chamberlain, L.; Clarke, D.; Day, M.; Budden, R.; Hughes, P.; Shepherd, S.; Hurford, H. 1990. The Gambian dwarf crocodile project. British Ecological Society Bulletin 21(2): 108-113.

Kofron, C.P.; Steiner, C. 1994. Observations on the African dwarf crocodile, Osteolaemus tetraspis. Copeia 2: 533-535.

Kruger, D.J. 2015. Non-mammalian infants requiring parental care elicit greater human caregiving reactions than superprecocial infants do. Ethology 121(8): 769-774.

Langer, S.; Ternes, K.; Widmer, D.; Mutschmann, F. 2014. The first case of intersexuality in an African Dwarf Crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis). Zoo Biology 33(5): 459-462.

Leaché, A.D.; Rödel, M.O.; Linkem, C.W.; Diaz, R.E.; Hillers, A.; Fujita, M.K. 2006. Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo Hills. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 4(1): 22-45.

Lilljeborg, W. 1867. Description of Halcrosia afzelii, a new Crocodile from Sierra Leone, West Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 715-718.

Luiselli, L.; Akani, G.C.; Capizzi, D. 1999. Is there any interspecific competition between dwarf crocodiles (Osteolaemus tetraspis) and Nile monitors (Varanus niloticus ornatus) in the swamps of central Africa? A study from southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Zoology (London) 247(1): 127-131.

Luiselli, L.M.; Akani, G.C.; Angelici, F.M.; Amori, G.; Politano, E.; Ebere, N. 2012. Macro-habitat preferences by the African manatee and crocodiles - ecological and conservation implications. Web Ecology 12: 39-48.

McCartney, C. 1990. Breeding of West African dwarf crocodiles (Osteolaemus tetraspis tetraspis) at the Port Elizabeth Snake Park. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 38: 44-48.

Oschman, C. (ed.) 1992. Great excitement at the birth of a dwarf crocodile. Zoon (Pretoria) 1992(2): 17.

Pauwels, O.S.G.; Barr, B.; Sanchez, M.L.; Burger, M. 2007. Diet records for the dwarf crocodile, Osteolaemus tetraspis tetraspis in Rabi oil fields and Loango National Park, southwestern Gabon. Hamadryad 31(2): 258-264.

Pauwels, O.S.G.; Chirio, L.; Neil, E.J.; Berry, S.; Texier, N.; Rosin, C. 2017. Miscellanea Herpetologica Gabonica VIII. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 52(3): 41-46.

Pauwels, O.S.G.; Garff, B. le; Ineich, I.; Carlino, P.; Melcore, I.; Boundenga, L.; Vigna, C.; Stévart, T.; Jeffery, K.; Orbell, C.; Squarcini, J.B.; Vande weghe, J.P.; White, L. 2016. Miscellanea Herpetologica Gabonica V & VI. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 51(11): 177-185.

Perkins, E.A.T. 1951. The first finding of a live pigmy crocodile in Uganda. Uganda Journal (Kampala) 15(2): 182-186.

Ray, D.A.; White, P.S.; Duong, H.V.; Cullen, T.; Densmore, L.D. 2001. High levels of genetic variability in West African dwarf crocodiles Osteolaemus tetraspis tetraspis. pp. 58-63. In: Grigg, G.C.; Seebacher, F.; Franklin, C.E. (eds.). Crocodilian biology and evolution. Surrey Beatty, Chipping Norton. 446 pp.

Richter, U. 1981. Eine Nachzucht des Strumpfkrokodils (Osteolaemus tetraspis) (Reptilia: Crocodylia: Crocodylidae). Salamandra 17(3-4): 194-197.

Riley, J.; Huchzermeyer, F.W. 1999. African dwarf crocodiles in the Likouala swamp forests of the Congo Basin: habitat, density, and nesting. Copeia 1999(2): 313-320.

Rodhain, J. 1926. Les petits crocodiles du District des Bangala. Revue de Zoologie et Botanique Africaine (Bruxelles) 14: [21-22].

Schmitz, A.; Mausfeld, P.; Hekkala, E.; Shine, T.; Nickel, H.; Amato, G.; Böhme, W. 2003. Molecular evidence for species level divergence in African nile crocodiles Crocodylus niloticus (Laurenti, 1786). Comptes Rendus Palevol 2(8): 703-712.

Shirley, M.H.; Oduro, W.; Yakokore-Beibro, H. 2009. Conservation status of crocodiles in Ghana and Cote-d'Ivoire, west Africa. Oryx 43(1): 136-145.

Sims, K.J.; Singh, I. 1978. Breeding the West African dwarf crocodile Osteolaemus tetraspis tetraspis at Kuala Lumpar Zoo, with observations on nest construction. International Zoo Yearbook 18: 83-84.

Singh, I. 1977. Rare dwarf crocodile breeds in captivity. Newsletter of the Madras Snake Park Trust 2(1): 12.

Teichner, O. 1978. Breeding the West African dwarf crocodile at Metro Toronto Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 18: 88-89.

Teichner, O. 1978. Breeding the West African dwarf crocodile Osteolaemus tetraspis tetraspis at Metro Toronto Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 18: 88-89.

Tryon, B.W. 1980. Observations on reproduction in the west African dwarf crocodile with a description of parental behavior. Contributions to Herpetology 1: 167-185.

Villiers, A. 1956. Le Parc National du Niokolo-Koba, Reptiles. Memoires de l'Institut Fondamental D'Afrique Noire 48: 143-162.

Villiers, A. 1956. Un crocodile nouveau pour la Senegal, Osteolaemus tetraspis. Notes Africaines 71: 80-81.

Waitkuwait, W.E. 1989. Present knowledge on the West African Slender-snouted Crocodile, Crocodylus cataphractus Cuvier 1824 and the West African dwarf crocodile Osteolaemus tetraspis, Cope 1861. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Publications New Series (Spec. Publ): 260-275.

Whitaker, R. 1981. Breeding the African dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis) at Zoo Negara, Kuala Lumpur, with an observation on galloping. Hamadryad 6(2): 14.