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Taxonomy of the genus Paleosuchus Biodiversity of the family Alligatoridae

Bibliography of the genus
Paleosuchus (Dwarf Caimans)

(Reptilia: Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Paleosuchus in general

Edmonds, L. 1985. Caimans. Ratel 12(4): 130-136.

Magnusson, W.E. 1992. Paleosuchus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 553: 1-4.

Medem, F. 1958. The crocodilian genus Paleosuchus. Fieldiana 39(21): 227-247.

Medem, F. 1968. El genero Paleosuchus en Amazonia. pp. 141-162. In: Lent, H. (ed.). Atas do simposio sobre a biota Amazonica. Conselho National de Pesquisas, Rio de Janeiro.

Merchant, M.; Shirley, M.H.; Watson, C.M. 2016. Natural history notes: Paleosuchus spp. (Dwarf Caiman) and Osteolaemus spp (Dwarf Crocodile). Defense mechanisms. Herpetological Review 47(4): 660-663.

Seijas, A.E. 2007. Caracteristicas distintivas y estado del conocimiento de las especies del genero Paleosuchus (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) en Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundacion la Salle de Ciencias Naturales 66(166) 2006(2007): 29-46.

Paleosuchus palpebrosus

Ali, S.H.; Rampersad-Ali, N.; Murphy, J.C. 2016. The discovery of Cuvier's Dwarf Caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Reptilia: Alligatoridae) in Trinidad. Living World 2016: 41-42

Balaguera-Reina, S.A.; Farfán-Ardila, N. 2018. Are we ready for successful apex predator conservation in Colombia? Human-crocodilian interactions as a study case. Herpetological Review 49(1): 5-12.

Brien, M.L.; Lang, J.W.; Webb, G.J.; Stevenson, C.; Christian, K.A. 2013. The good, the bad, and the ugly: agonistic behaviour in juvenile crocodilians. PLoS ONE 8(12): e80872: 1-12.

Bringsře, H. 2000. Herpetologi i Fransk Guyana. 3. Blandt dvćrgkaimaner, Paleosuchus, i Kaw-sumpene. [Herpetology in French Guiana. 3. Among Dwarf Caimans, Paleosuchus, in the Kaw marshland]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 43(4): 98-111.

Campos, Z.; Coutinho, M.; Abercrombie, C. 1995. Size structure and sex ratio of dwarf caiman in the Serra Amolar, Pantanal, Brazil. Herpetological Journal 5(4): 321-322.

Campos, Z.; Magnusson, W.E. 2013. Thermal relations of dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus, in a hillside stream: evidence for an unusual thermal niche among crocodilians. Journal of Thermal Biology 38(1): 20-23.

Campos, Z.; Magnusson, W.E. 2016. Density and biomass estimates by removal for an Amazonian crocodilian, Paleosuchus palpebrosus. PLoS ONE 11(5): e0156406.

Campos, Z.; Magnusson, W.E.; Marques, V. 2013. Growth rates of Paleosuchus palpebrosus at the southern limit of its range. Herpetologica 69(4): 405-410.

Campos, Z.; Sanaiotti, T. 2006. Natural history notes: Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Dwarf Caiman). Nesting. Herpetological Review 37(1): 81.

Campos, Z.; Sanaiotti, T.; Magnusson, W.E. 2010. Maximum size of dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807), in the Amazon and habitats surrounding the Pantanal, Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia 31(3): 439-442.

Campos, Z.; Sanaiotti, T.; Marques, V.; Magnusson, W.E. 2015. Geographic variation in clutch size and reproductive season of the Dwarf Caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus, in Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 49(1): 95-98.

Campos, Z.; Sanaiotti, T.; Muniz, F.; Farias, I.; Magnusson, W.E. 2012. Parental care in the dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cuvier, 1807 (Reptilia: Crocodilia: Alligatoridae). Journal of Natural History 46(47-48): 2979-2984.

Carvalho, E.A.R.; Veras Batista, V.B.G. 2013. Distribution and abundance of Caiman latirostris and Paleosuchus palpebrosus at Grande Sertao Veredas National Park, Central Brazil. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 8(3): 771-777.

Crocodile Specialist Group. 1996. Paleosuchus palpebrosus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. www.iucnredlist.org (viewed 8 May 2015).

Davenport, M. 1995. Evidence of possible sperm storage in the caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus. Herpetological Review 26(1): 14-15.

Dutra-Araújo, D.; Marioni, B.; Fraga, R. de; Silveira, R da 2017. Snakes as prey of Cuvier’s Dwarf Caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus: Alligatoridae), with a new observation from central Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 10: 169-171.

IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group. 1996. Paleosuchus palpebrosus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996: e.T46587A11062803. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T46587A11062803.en.

Lima, D.C.; Lima, F.H.C. de; Borges-Nojosa, D.M. 2011. Geographic distribution: Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier's Dwarf Caiman, Jacare-pagua). Herpetological Review 42(1): 109.

Lugo Rugeles, M. 2003. Reproduccion y crecimiento del Cachirre Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier 1807) (Reptilia Alligatoridae) en cautividad. Memoria de la Fundacion la Salle de Ciencias Naturales 61(156): 119-129.

Magnusson, W.E. 1992. Paleosuchus palpebrosus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 554: 1-2.

Medem, F. 1953. Contribuciones a la taxonomia y distribucion del yacare negro, Palaeosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier) en Colombia. Rev. Colomb. Antrop. 1: 409-419.

Medem, F. 1971. The reproduction of the dwarf caiman Paleosuchus palpebrosus. pp. 159-165. In: Crocodiles. Proceedings of the first working meeting of crocodile specialists sponsored by the New York Zoological Society and organized by the Survival Service Commission, lUCN, at the Bronx Zoo, New York 15-17 March 1971. lUCN, Switzerland. 191 pp.

Medem, F. 1974. El primer nacimiento de Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae). Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales 53 [1973]: 33-36.

Ouboter, P.E. 1996. Ecological studies on crocodilians in Suriname: niche segregation and competition in three predators. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam. 145 pp.

Paolillo-O., A.; Gorzula, S. 1985. Life history notes: Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Dwarf Caiman). Migration. Herpetological Review 16(1): 27.

Rebelo, G.H.E.; Lugli, L. 2001. Distribution and abundance of four caiman species (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in Jau National Park, Amazonas, Brazil. Revista de Biologia Tropical 49(3-4): 1095-1109.

Roberto, I.J.; Albano, C.G. 2014. Natural history notes: Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier's Smooth-fronted Caiman). Habitat use. Herpetological Review 45(1): 121-122.

Vieira Nunes, R.; Dattilo, W.; Carvalho, M.S.G. de; Costa das Chagas, P.B.; Louzada-Silva, D. 2011. Primeiro registro de ninho de jacaré com bivaque de formiga de correiçăo no Cerrado brasileiro. Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias 13(1-3): 213-219.

Villamarin, F.; Jardine, T.D.; Bunn, S.E.; Marioni, B.; Magnusson, W.E. 2017. Opportunistic top predators partition food resources in a tropical freshwater ecosystem. Freshwater Biology 62(8): 1389-1400

Ziegler, T.; Behrmann, H.J.; Beek, B.; Ruetz, N. 2004. Erste Naturbrüten des Brauen - Glattstirnkaimans (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) im Aquarium des Kölner Zoos. Draco 5(4) (20): 28-31.

Paleosuchus trigonatus

Abrahăo-Morato, S.A.; Veras Batista, V.B.G.; Paz, A. 2011. Paleosuchus trigonatus (Smooth-fronted Caiman): Diet and movement. Herpetological Bulletin 115: 34-35.

Assis, V.B. de; Santos, T.G. dos 2007. Natural history notes: Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider's Smooth-fronted Caiman). Predation. Herpetological Review 38(4): 445.

Balaguera-Reina, S.A.; Farfán-Ardila, N. 2018. Are we ready for successful apex predator conservation in Colombia? Human-crocodilian interactions as a study case. Herpetological Review 49(1): 5-12.

Bernardo, P.H.; Guerra-Fuentes, R.A.; Matiazzi, W.; Zaher, H. 2012. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of Reserva Biológica do Tapirapé, Pará, Brazil. Check List 8(5): 839-846.

Bringsře, H. 2000. Herpetologi i Fransk Guyana. 3. Blandt dvćrgkaimaner, Paleosuchus, i Kaw-sumpene. [Herpetology in French Guiana. 3. Among Dwarf Caimans, Paleosuchus, in the Kaw marshland]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 43(4): 98-111.

Campbell, K.E. 1973. Habitat notes on Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider) in Peru. Journal of Herpetology 7(3): 318-320.

Campos, Z.; Muniz, F.; Desbiez, A.L.J.; Magnusson, W.E. 2016. Predation on eggs of Schneider's Dwarf Caiman, Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider, 1807), by armadillos and other predators. Journal of Natural History 50(25-26): 1543-1548.

Campos, Z.; Muniz, F.; Magnusson, W.E. 2017. Extension of the geographical distribution of Schneider’s Dwarf Caiman, Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider, 1801) (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae), in the Amazon–Cerrado transition, Brazil. Check List 13(4): 91–94.

Champagne, P.; Mockford, S.; Kirkby, C. 2015. Natural history notes: Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider's Smooth-fronted Caiman). Feeding behavior. Herpetological Review 46(2): 249.

Crocodile Specialist Group. 1996. Paleosuchus trigonatus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. www.iucnredlist.org (viewed 8 May 2015).

Freitas, M.A. de; Saldanha Vieira, R.; Entiauspe-Neto, O.M.; Oliveira e Sousa, S.; Farias, T.; Sousa, A.G.; Barbosa de Moura, G.J. 2017. Herpetofauna of the Northwest Amazon forest in the state of Maranhao, Brazil, with remarks on the Gurupi Biological Reserve. ZooKeys 643: 141-155.

IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group. 1996. Paleosuchus trigonatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996: e.T46588A11063247. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T46588A11063247.en.

Jardine, D.R. 1981. First successful captive propagation of Schneider's smooth-fronted caiman, Paleosuchus trigonatus. Herpetological Review 12(2): 58-60.

Magnusson, W.E. 1992. Paleosuchus trigonatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 555: 1-3.

Magnusson, W.E.; Hero, J.M. 1990. Diagnosis of sex of live hatchling Paleosuchus trigonatus by direct observation of the gonads. pp. 33-37. In: Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - the World Conservation Union Convened at Lae, Papua New Guinea, 19 to 21 October 1988. Vol. 2. IUCN, Gland. 380 pp.

Magnusson, W.E.; Lima, A.P. 1991. The ecology of a cryptic predator, Paleosuchus trigonatus, in a tropical rainforest. Journal of Herpetology 25(1): 41-48.

Magnusson, W.E.; Lima, A.P.; Lopes da Costa, V.; Cardoso de Lima, A.; Araujo, M.C. de 1997. Growth during middle age in a Schneider's dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus trigonatus. Herpetological Review 28(4): 183.

Magnusson, W.E.; Lima, A.P.; Sampaio, R.M. 1985. Sources of heat for nests of Paleosuchus trigonatus and a review of crocodilian nest temperatures. Journal of Herpetology 19(2): 199-207.

Magnusson, W.E.; Yamakoski, M. 1986. Anomalous records of the occurrence of Paleosuchus trigonatus. Herpetological Review 17(4): 84-85.

Medem, F. 1952. Palaeosuchus trigonatus (Schneider) en Colombia. Lozania 5: 1-12.

Melo-Sampaio, P.R.; Silva, M.N. da; Matos, S.A. de; Matos, L.R.A. de; Acosta, M. 2013. First report of predation by a caiman (Paleosuchus trigonatus, Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) on a caecilian (Caecilia marcusi, Gymnophiona: Caecilidae). Salamandra 49(4): 227-228.

Moldowan, P.D.; Laverty, T.M.; Emmans, C.J.; Stanley, R.C. 2016. Diet, gastric parasitism, and injuries of caimans (Caiman, Melanosuchus, and Paleosuchus) in the Peruvian Amazon. South American Journal of Herpetology 11(3): 176-182.

Ortiz, D.A.; Betancourt, R.; Yánez-Muńoz, M.H. 2013. Natural history notes: Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider's Smooth-fronted Caiman). Prey. Herpetological Review 44(1): 135.

Ouboter, P.E. 1996. Ecological studies on crocodilians in Suriname: niche segregation and competition in three predators. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam. 145 pp.

Pritchard, P.C.H. 1995. Geographic distribution: Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider's Smooth-fronted Caiman). Herpetological Review 26(1): 43.

Rebelo, G.H.E.; Lugli, L. 2001. Distribution and abundance of four caiman species (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in Jau National Park, Amazonas, Brazil. Revista de Biologia Tropical 49(3-4): 1095-1109.

Rivas, J.A.; Aktay, S.A.; Owens, R.Y. 2001. Natural history notes: Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider's Smooth-fronted Caiman) Nesting. Herpetological Review 32(4): 251.

Souza Mazurek, R.R. de 2001. Natural history notes: Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider's Smooth-fronted Caiman). Habitat. Herpetological Review 32(4): 252.

Tejado, C. 2012. [Abundance of Melanosuchus niger Spix, 1825, Paleosuchus trigonatus Schneider, 1801 y Caiman crocodilus L., 1758 within the Mazan river basin (Amazonas, Peru)]. (In Spanish). Munibe (Ciencias Naturales - Natur Zientziak) 60: 113-130.

Trutnau, L. 2004. Ein Beitrag zur Naturgeschichte, Haltung und Nachzucht des Keilkopf-Glattstirnkaimans, Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider, 1801). Draco 5(4) (20): 32-38.

Villamarin, F.; Jardine, T.D.; Bunn, S.E.; Marioni, B.; Magnusson, W.E. 2017. Opportunistic top predators partition food resources in a tropical freshwater ecosystem. Freshwater Biology 62(8): 1389-1400

White, J.M.; Rivas, J.A. 2003. Natural history notes: Paleosuchus trigonatus (Dwarf Caiman). Neonate time budget. Herpetological Review 34(2): 141.