Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Related bibliographies: Reptiles Snakes Viperidae Central America North America South America West Indies Mediterranean Sea Taxonomy of the genus Bothrops Biodiversity of the family Viperidae Bibliography of the genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted. Bothrops in general Almeida-Santos, S.M.; Salomao, M. da G. 2002. Reproduction in Neotropical pitvipers, with emphasis on species of the genus Bothrops. pp. 445-462. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp. Amaral, A. do 1926. Nota de nomenclatura ophiologica. 4. Sôbre a differenciacao dos nomes genericos Lachesis, Trimeresurus e Bothrops. Revista do Museu Paulista (São Paulo) 14: 34-40. Amaral, A. do 1944. Notas sôbre a ofiologia neotropica e brasílica. 1-2. Sôbre Bothrops lansbergii lansbergii (Schlegel, 1841), Trimeresurus dunni Hartweg & Oliver, 1938, T. lansbergi annectens Schmidt 1938. 3. Sobre a aplicacao do nome generico Trimeresurus em vez de Bothrops, a serpentes neotrópicas. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 5: 1-93. Araujo, M.L. de; Ely, L.A.M. 1977. Levantamento preliminar do ofidismo em nosso estado. Natureza Revista 2: 24-26. Araujo, M.S.; Martins, M. 2006. Defensive behaviour in pit vipers of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae). Herpetological Journal 16(3): 297-303. Asencios-Reyes, H.V.; Cutti-Onofre, F. 1992. Produccion de veneno ofidico en especies del genero Crotalus y algunos Bothrops y Bethriopsis [Bothriopsis] del Peru. Boletin de Lima 14(80): 91-95. Barrio, A. 1961. Distribucion del genero Bothrops Wagler (Ophidia, Crotalidae) en la provincia de Buenos Aires. Physis (Buenos Aires) 22(63): 211-215. Belluomini, H.E.; Saliba, A.M.; Abe, A.S. 1978. Inquerito anatomo-patologico em serpentes dos generos Crotalus e Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae). Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 40-41 [1976-1977]: 123-128. Bueno Gavira, R.S.; Loebmann, D. 2011. Natural history notes: Bothrops sp. (gr. atrox) (Jararaca/Lancehead). Diet. Herpetological Review 42(3): 436. Carrasco, P.A.; Mattoni, C.I.; Leynaud, G.C.; Scrocchi, G.J. 2012. Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of South American bothropoid pitvipers (Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta 41(2): 109-124. Costa de Oliveira, V.; Lanari, L.C.; Elvira Hajos, S.; Roodt, A.R. de 2011. Toxicity of Bothrops neuwiedi complex ('yarara chica') venom from different regions of Argentina (Serpentes, Viperidae). Toxicon 57(5): 680-685. Dehling, J.M. 2009. Die südamerikanischen Waldlanzenottern der Gattung Bothriopsis. Reptilia (D) 13(74): 56-68. Dowling, H.G. 1965. The puzzle of the Bothrops; or, a tangle of serpents. Animal Kingdom 68: 18-21. Estol, C.O. 1982. Scale microdermatoglyphics of the viperid snake genera Bothrops and Trimeresurus: taxonomic relationships. Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering 42(7): 2734. Fenker, J.; Tedeschi, L.G.; Pyron, R.A.; Nogueira, C. 2014. Phylogenetic diversity, habitat loss and conservation in South American pitvipers (Crotalinae: Bothrops and Bothrocophias). Diversity and Distributions 20(10): 1108-1119. Fenwick, A.M.; Gutberlet, R.L.; Evans, J.A.; Parkinson, C.L. 2009. Morphological and molecular evidence for phylogeny and classification of South American pitvipers, genera Bothrops, Bothriopsis, and Bothrocophias (Serpentes: Viperidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156(3): 617-640. Freitas, M.A. de; Oliveira-Lima, T. de 2012. Natural history notes: Trachycephalus nigromaculatus (Black-spotted Casque-headed Treefrog). Predation. Herpetological Review 43(3): 472. Fuentes, O.; Rodriguez Acosta, A. 1997. Sobre los generos Bothriechis, Bothriopsis, Bothrops y Porthidium (Serpentes: Crotalidae) existentes en Venezuela. Claves para su identificacion de interes biomedico. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 17(3): 31-38. Goda Perroni, L.P.; Travaglia-Cardoso, S.R. 2007. Philodryas patagoniensis (Parelheira): venomous snake (crotalid) as prey. Herpetological Bulletin 101: 37-39. Grazziotin, F.G.; Echeverrigaray, S. 2005. Genetic relationships among species of the genus Bothrops based on RAPD markers. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48(3): 359-365. Henderson, R.W. 2004. Lesser Antillean snake faunas: distribution, ecology, and conservation concerns. Oryx 38(3): 311-320. Hoge, A.R.; Romano-Hoge, S.A.R.W.L. 1983. Notes on micro and ultrastructure of 'Oberhautschen' in Viperoidea. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 44-45 1980-1981[1983]: 81-118. Hoser, R.T. 2012. A new genus of pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae) from South America. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 11: 25-27. Hoser, R.T. 2013. Two new species of pitviper from Middle America (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Australasian Journal of Herpetology 19: 36-42. Jansen, M. 2008. Die Lanzenottern der Gattung Bothrops in Bolivien. Draco 9(1) (33): 50-56. Jorg, M.E. 1939. Ofidismo por serpientes del genero Bothrops. Novena Reunion Soc. Argent. Patol. Reg. 3: 1563-1570. Kuch, U.; Mebs, D.; Gutierrez, J.M.; Freire, A. 1996. Biochemical and biological characterization of Ecuadorian pitviper venoms (genera Bothriechis, Bothriopsis, Bothrops and Lachesis). Toxicon 34(6): 714-717. Machado, T.; Silva, V.X.; Silva, M.J. de J. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships within Bothrops neuwiedi group (Serpentes, Squamata): geographically highly-structured lineages, evidence of introgressive hybridization and Neogene/Quaternary diversification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 71: 1-14. Markezich, A.L.; Taphorn, D.C. 1993. A variational analysis of populations of Bothrops (Serpentes: Viperidae) from western Venezuela. Journal of Herpetology 27(3): 248-254. Martins, M.; Araujo, M.S.; Sawaya, R.J.; Nunes, R. 2001. Diversity and evolution of macrohabitat use, body size and morphology in a monophyletic group of Neotropical pitvipers (Bothrops). Journal of Zoology (London) 254(4): 529-538. Martins, M.; Marques, O.A.V.; Sazima, I. 2002. Ecological and phylogenetic correlates of feeding habits in Neotropical pitvipers of the genus Bothrops. pp. 307-328. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp. Monzel, M. 2009. Genetische und morphologische Differenzierung der Gattung Bothrops in der südöstlichen Neotropis. Chimaira, Frankfurt. 195 pp. Moro, S. 1996. Osteologia craneal y musculatura mandibular de tres especies de Bothrops (Serpentes: Crotalidae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana 43(2): 293-316. Pereira da Silva, K.M.; Sueiro, L.R.; Galassi, G.G.; Almeida-Santos, S.M. 2013. [Reproduction of Bothrops spp. (Serpentes, Viperidae) in conservation breeder]. (In Portuguese). Veterinaria e Zootecnia 20(4): 632-642. Queiroz, G.P.; Pessoa, L.A.; Portaro, F.C.V.; Furtado, M.F.D.; Tambourgi, D.V. 2008. Interspecific variation in venom composition and toxicity of Brazilian snakes from Bothrops genus. Toxicon 52(8): 842-851. Salomao, M. da G.; Wüster, W.; Thorpe, R.S.; BBBSP (Butantan-British Bothrops Systematics Project) 1999. MtDNA phylogeny of Neotropical pitvipers of the genus Bothrops (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Kaupia Darmstädter Beiträge Zur Naturgeschichte 8: 127-134. Salomao, M. da G.; Wüster, W.; Thorpe, R.S.; Touzet, J.M.; Butantan British Bothrops Systematics Project 1997. DNA evolution of South American pitvipers of the genus Bothrops (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae). Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 70 [1996]: 89-98. Schätti, B.; Kramer, E. 1993. Ecuadorianische Grubenottern der Gattungen Bothriechis, Bothrops und Porthidium (Serpentes: Viperidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 100(2): 235-278. Schottler, W.H.A. 1950. Copula zwischen Bothrops und Crotalus. Deuts. Aquar. Terrar. Z. (Stuttgart) 3(1): 14. Schweizer, H. 1948. Beobachtungen an Bothropsarten in Terrarium. Aquarium (Zurioh) 3: 37-39. Sethao, R. 2008. Haltung, Pfelge und Nachzucht neotropischer Lanzenottern der Gattung Bothrops am Beispield von Bothrops asper und Bothrops venezuelensis. Draco 9(1) (33): 35-38. Silva, V.X. da; Rodrigues, M.T. 2008. Taxonomic revision of the Bothrops neuwiedi complex (Serpentes, Viperidae) with description of a new species. Phyllomedusa 7(1): 45-90. Sousa, L.F.; Nicolau, C.A.; Peixoto, P.S.; Bernardoni, J.L.; Oliveira, S.S.; Portes-Junior, J.A.; Mourao, R.H.V.; Lima-dos-Santos, I.; Sano-Martins, I.S.; Chalkidis, H.M.; Valente, R.H. 2013. Comparison of phylogeny, venom composition and neutralization by antivenom in diverse species of Bothrops complex. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 7(9): e2442, 1-16. Werman, S.D. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships of Central and South American pitvipers of the genus Bothrops (sensu lato): cladistic analyses of biochemical and anatomical characters. pp. 21-40. In: Campbell, J.A. & Brodie, E.D. (eds.). Biology of the pitvipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas. 467 pp. Werman, S.D. 1999. Molecular phylogenetics and morphological evolution in Neotropical pitvipers: an evaluation of mitochondrial DNA sequence information and the comparative morphology of the cranium and palatomaxillary arch. Kaupia Darmstädter Beiträge Zur Naturgeschichte 8: 113-126. Werman, S.D.; Crother, B.I.; White, M.E. 1999. Phylogeny of some Middle American pitvipers based on a cladistic analysis of mitochondrial 12S and 16S DNA sequence information. Contemporary Herpetology 1999(3): (http://alpha.selu.edu/~pcsd4805/ch/1999/3/index.htm). Wüster, W. 1997. Jararaca! An introduction to Brazilian pitvipers of the genus Bothrops. Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 51: 12-19, 21. Wüster, W.; Salomao, M. da G.; Duckett, G.J.; Thorpe, R.S.; BBBSP (Butantan-British Bothrops Systematics Project) 1999. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of the Bothrops atrox complex (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Kaupia Darmstädter Beiträge Zur Naturgeschichte 8: 135-144. Wüster, W.; Salomao, M. da G.; Thorpe, R.S.; Puorto, G.; Furtado, M.F.D.; Hoge, S.A.; Theakston, R.D.G.; Warrell, D.A. 1997. Systematics of the Bothrops atrox complex: new insights from multivariate analysis and mitochondrial DNA sequence information. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 70 [1996]: 99-113. Wüster, W.; Thorpe, R.S.; Salomao, M. da G.; Thomas, L.; Puorto, G.; Theakston, R.D.G.; Warrell, D.A. 2002. Origin and phylogenetic position of the Lesser Antillean species of Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae): biogeographical and medical implications. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Zoology Series 68(2): 101-106. Xavier, V. 2002. Variçao entre filhotes de representantes do complexo Bothrops neuwiedi (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae). Phyllomedusa 1(1): 11-30. Zanella, N.; Lema, T. de 1999. Osteologia craniana de Bothrops alternatus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854, e a comparacao com especies de Bothrops Wagler, 1824, ocorrentes no sul do Brasil (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 13(1-2): 47-68. Bothrops alcatraz Marques, O.A.V.; Martins, M.; Sazima, I. 2002. A new insular species of pitviper from Brazil, with comments on evolutionary biology and conservation of the Bothrops Jararaca group (Serpentes, Viperidae). Herpetologica 58(3): 303-312. Suzuki, H.; Furtado, M.F.D. 2008. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in Bothrops Jararaca and Bothrops alcatraz (Serpentes, Viperidae): evidence from RFLP analysis. Current Herpetology 27(2): 81-92. Bothrops alternatus Amaral, A. do 1929. Valor systematico de varias formas de ophidios neotropicos. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 4: 3-68. Amaral, A. do 1932. Notas sobre chromatisma de ophidios. I. Primeiro caso de erythrismo em serpente, observado no Brasil. II. Casos de variação de colorido de certas serpentes. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 7: 75-87. Amaral, A. do 1934. Sôbre e espécie Bothrops alternata D. & B., 1854 (Crotalidao). Variações. Redescripção. Mem. Inst. Butantan Sao Paulo 8 [1933-1934]: 161-182. Andrade, D.V.; Abe, A.S. 1999. Relationship of venom ontogeny and diet in Bothrops. Herpetologica 55(2): 200-204. Araujo, M.S.; Martins, M. 2006. Defensive behaviour in pit vipers of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae). Herpetological Journal 16(3): 297-303. Araujo, M.S.; Martins, M. 2007. The defensive strike of five species of Lanceheads of the genus Bothrops (Viperidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology 67(2): 327-332. Barrio, A.; Miranda, M.E. 1966. Las diferentes poblaciones de Bothrops alternata Dumeril y Bibron (Ophidia, Crotalidae) de la Argentina, consideradas desde el punto de vista morfologico y antigenico. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 33: 887-892. Barrois, E.D.F. 1933. A classificacao da Lachesis inequalis Magalhaes, 1922. Ann. Fac. Med. Univ. Minas Geraes 1930: 1-10. Bucher, E.H. 1971. Observaciones sobre la distribucion de Bothrops alternata (Ophidia, Crotalidae) en la Provincia de Santiago del Estero. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 28: 203-210. Bueno Gavira, R.S.; Andrade, D.V. 2013. Temperature and thermal regime effects on the specific dynamic action of Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 34(4): 483-491. Cabral, H.; Rojas, V.; Galluppi, T.; Ortiz, E.; Baez, M. 2017. Comments on the diet of Bothrops alternatus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854. Herpetology Notes 10: 219-220. Campos Brites, V.L. de; Mesquita, D.O. 2002. Variation del diseno de Bothrops alternatus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854 (Serpentes, Crotalinae) en una poblacion de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 46(1-2): 138-140. Cardinale, L.; Avila, L.J. 1997. Natural history notes: Bothrops alternatus (Vibora de La Cruz). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 28(4): 205. Cardoso, R.P.; Lula, L.A.B. de M.; Iwasaki, M.; Oliveira, S.M. de 1990. Analise radiologica na ofiofagia de filhote de serpente Bothrops alternatus (Viperidae-Crotalinae). Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 52(2): 63-68. Cola, V. di; Chiaraviglio, M. 2011. Establishing species' environmental requirements to understand how the southernmost species of South American pitvipers (Bothrops, Viperidae) are distributed: niche-based modelling approach. Austral Ecology 36(1): 90-98. Gavira, R.S.B.; Andrade, D.V. 2013. Meal size effects on the postprandial metabolic response of Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes: Viperidae) Zoologia (Curitiba) 30(3): 291-295. Gliesch, R. 1931. A urutu (Lachesis-Bothrops-alternata D. e B.). Egatea (Porto Alegre) 16: 96-102. Guerreiro, A.; Baldoni, J.C.; Brigada, A.M. 2005. Herpetofauna de Sierra de las Quijadas (San Luis, Argentina). Gayana 69(1): 6-9. Hoge, A.R. 1952. Notas erpetologicas. Anomalia na lepidose e pigmentacao das escamas dorsais em B. jararaca e B. alternata. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 24: 237-239. Hoge, A.R.; Belluomini, H.E. 1964. Notas sobre Bothrops fonsecai Hoge e Belluomini, Bothrops alternatus Dumeril, Bibron et Dumeril e Bothrops cotiara Gomes. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 30 [1960-1962]: 97-102. Lema, T. de 1958. Notas sôbre os répteis do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. IV. Anomalia cromatica em "Cruzeira" (Bothrops alternata, Dum., Bbr. & Dum.). Iheringia (Zoologia) 10: 28-31. Lema, T. de 1987. Estriamento em Bothrops alternatus (Dumeril, Bibron et Dumeril, 1854) (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae). Acta Biologica Leopoldensia 9(2): 241-244. Lima Silveira, A.; Evers, P.R. 2007. Geographic distribution: Bothrops alternatus. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. Herpetological Review 38(3): 354. López, M.S.; Manzano, A.S.; Prieto, Y.A. 2013. Ontogenetic variation in head morphology and diet in two snakes (Viperidae) from northeastern Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 47(3): 406-412. Magalhães, M.R.; Costa Paulino, F.E.; Silva, N.J. da 1991. Geographic distribution: Bothrops alternatus (Urutu). Herpetological Review 22(2): 66-67. Martins, M.; Spina, F.; Monteiro, C.; Sawaya, R.J.; Ariedi Junior, V.R. 2003. Natural history notes: Bothrops alternatus (Urutu). Predation. Herpetological Review 34(2): 147-148. Meneghel, M.D. 1993. Anatomia visceral y aparato circulatorio de Bothrops alternatus Dumeril, Bibron y Dumeril, 1854 (Serpentes, Veperidae). Boletin de la Sociedad Zoologica del Uruguay Segunda Epoca 8: 172-185. Mesquita, D.O.; Campos Brites, V.L. de 2003. Aspectos taxonômicos e ecológicos de uma populacão de Bothrops alternatus Dumeril, bibron & Dumeril, 1854 (Serpentes, Viperidae) das regiões do Triângulo e Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais. Biologia Geral e Experimental 3(2): 33-38. Meyer, C. 2008. Auf - und Nachzucht der Halbmondlanzenotter (Bothrops alternatus). Draco 9(1) (33): 76-79. Murphy, J.B.; Mitchell, L.A. 1984. Miscellaneous notes on the reproductive biology of reptiles. 6. Thirteen varieties of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Crotalidae). Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78: 199-214. Nogueira, C.; Valdujo, P.H. 2001. Geographic distribution: Bothrops alternatus (Urutu). Herpetological Review 32(1): 58. Nunes, S. de F.; Kaefer, I.L.; Leite, P.T.; Cechin, S.Z. 2010. Reproductive and feeding biology of the pitviper Rhinocerophis alternatus from subtropical Brazil. Herpetological Journal 20(1): 31-39. Pezzano, V. 1986. Reproduction of Bothrops alternatus (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854) in captivity. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 6(1): 13-18. Roodt, A.R. de; Lanari, L.C.; Rodrigo, D.L.; Botassi, S.; Rocco, D.M.; Costa de Oliveira, V.; Regner, P.I. 2012. [Comparison between corporal characters and Bothrops alternatus between populations of the provinces of Buenos Aires and Entre Rios, Argentina]. (In Spanish). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26(2): 5-12. Saporiti, E.J. 1938. Notas de herpetologia. Un caso de melanismo en Bothrops alternata. Physis (Buenos Aires) 12(44): 343-348. Teixeira da Rocha, M.M. da; Furtado, M.F.D. 2005. Caracterizaçao individual do veneno de Bothrops afternatus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril em funcao da dlstrlbuicao geografica no Brasil (Serpentes, Viperidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22(2): 383-393. Vanzolini, P.E.; Ferreira Brandao, J.H. 1945. Some sexual differences on the pholidosis of Bothrops alternata D. & B. 1854 and their geographical variation. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 18 [1944-45]: 251-258. Veiga, L.A.; Teixeira, A. 1993. Albinismo em Bothrops alternatus Dm. & Bibr., 1854 (Ophidia, Viperidae). Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia (Curitiba) 36(3): 521-524. Waller, T. 2011. Natural history notes: Bothrops (=rhinocerophis) alternatus (Urutu Pitviper). Microhabitat. Herpetological Review 42(2): 283. Yanosky, A.A.; Chani, J.M. 1988. Possible dual mimicry of Bothrops and Micrurus by the colubrid, Lystrophis dorbignyi. Journal of Herpetology 22(2): 222-224. Zanella, N.; Cechin, S.Z. 2009. Influencia dos fatores abioticos e da disponibilidade de presas sobre comunidade de Serpentes do Planalto Medio do Rio Grande do Sul. Iheringia Serie Zoologia 99(1): 111-114. Zanella, N.; Lema, T. de 1999. Osteologia craniana de Bothrops alternatus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854, e a comparacao com especies de Bothrops Wagler, 1824, ocorrentes no sul do Brasil (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 13(1-2): 47-68. Bothrops ammodytoides Avila, L.J.; Morando, M. 1998. Natural history notes: Bothrops ammodytoides (Yarara Nata, Patagonian Lancehead). Prey. Herpetological Review 29(3): 169. Carrasco, P.A.; Leynaud, G.C.; Scrocchi, G.J. 2010. Redescription of the southernmost snake species, Bothrops ammodytoides (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Amphibia-Reptilia 31(3): 323-338. Cola, V. di; Chiaraviglio, M. 2011. Establishing species' environmental requirements to understand how the southernmost species of South American pitvipers (Bothrops, Viperidae) are distributed: niche-based modelling approach. Austral Ecology 36(1): 90-98. Geluso, K.; Harner, M.J. 2013. Natural history notes: Rhinocerophis ammodytoides (Yararanata). Diet. Herpetological Review 44(1): 157. Scrocchi, G. 1997. Acerca de la localidad tipo de Bothrops ammodytoides Leybold (Serpentes, Viperidae) y Pseudotomodon trigonatus (Leybold) (Serpentes: Colubridae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 11(1-2): 69-70. Bothrops asper Alvarez, J.A.; Solana, E.; Foster, S.M. 2013. Natural history notes: Agalychnis callidryas (Red-eyed Treefrog). Predation. Herpetological Review 44(1): 117-118. Aragon, F.; Gubensek, F. 1981. Bothrops asper venom from the Atlantic and Pacific zones of Costa Rica. Toxicon 19(6): 797-805. Arroyo, G.O.; Cerdas, L. 1986. Microestructura de las escamas dorsales de nueve especies de serpientes costarricenses (Viperidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 34(1): 123-126. Baumgartner, K.A.; Ray, J.M. 2011. Natural history notes: Bothrops asper (Terciopelo). Arboreal behavior. Herpetological Review 42(4): 611. Boada, C.; Salazar, D.; Freire-Lascano, A.; Kuch, U. 2005. The diet of Bothrops asper (Garman, 1884) in the Pacific lowlands of Ecuador. Herpetozoa 18(1-2): 77-79. Boinski, S. 1988. Use of a club by a wild white-faced capuchin (Cebus capucinus) to attack a venomous snake (Bothrops asper). American Journal of Primatology 14(2): 177-179. Buttenhoff, P.A.; Vogt, R.C. 1995. Natural history notes: Bothrops asper (Nauyaca). Cannibalism. Herpetological Review 26(3): 146-147. Cisneros-Heredia, D.F.; Touzet, J.M. 2004. Distribution and conservation status of Bothrops asper (Garman, 1884) in Ecuador (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Herpetozoa 17(3-4): 135-141. Clark, H.C. 1925. Snakes of the Ulua River Valley. Ann. Rep. United Fruit Coy. Med. Dept. Boston Mass. 14: 286-297. 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A note on the geographical distribution of Bothrops asper (Garman, 1883) in Ecuador. The Snake 26(2): 135-139. García-Padilla, E.; Mata-Silva, V. 2015. Distribution notes: Bothrops asper (Garman, 1883). Mesoamerican Herpetology 2(4): 554-555. Goyenechea, I.; Morales-Capellán, N.; Fernández-Badillo, L. 2011. Geographic distribution: Bothrops asper (Terciopelo). Herpetological Review 42(4): 570. Greene, H.W.; Hardy, D.L. 1989. Natural death associated with skeletal injury in the Terciopelo, Bothrops asper (Viperidae). Copeia 1989(4): 1036-1037. Gutierrez, J.M. (ed.) 2009. Bothrops asper: from natural history to public health. Toxicon 54(7): 901-1028. Hardy, D.L. 1994. Bothrops asper (Viperidae) snakebite and field researchers in Middle America. Biotropica 26(2): 198-207. Hertz, A.; Natera-Mumaw, M.; Lotzkat, S.; Sunyer, J.; Mora, D. 2009. Natural history notes: Bothrops asper (Manapare, Lancehead). Prey. Herpetological Review 40(2): 230. 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Herpetological Review 49(1): 124. López, M.S.; Manzano, A.S.; Prieto, Y.A. 2013. Ontogenetic variation in head morphology and diet in two snakes (Viperidae) from northeastern Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 47(3): 406-412. Minoli, I.; Alvares, D.J.; Ávila, L.J. 2011. New records and geographic distribution map of Bothropoides diporus Cope, 1862 (Reptilia: Viperidae). Check List 7(5): 608-609. Perez, D.R.; Avila, L.J. 2000. Geographic distribution: Bothrops neuwiedi diporus (Lancehead). Herpetological Review 31(4): 254. Perez, D.R.; Martinez, L.R.; Avila, L.J. 2003. Geographic distribution: Bothrops neuwiedi diporus (Yarara Chica). Herpetological Review 34(4): 386. Rocha, M.C.; Hartmann, P.A.; Winck, G.R.; Cechin, S.Z. 2014. Seasonal, daily activity, and habitat use by three sympatric pit vipers (Serpentes, Viperidae) from southern Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 86(2): 695-705. Trutnau, L. 2008. Momente aus dem Leben der Chaco-Lanzenotter Bothrops diporus Cope, 1862. Draco 9(1) (33): 39-42. Bothrops erythromelas Amaral, A. do 1923. New genera and species of snakes. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 8: 85-105. Cardozo Ribeiro, S.; Silva, C.C. da; Magalhaes, M.L.L.; Pinto Campos, I.H.M.; Nascimento Cabral, A. do; Sales Valenca, N.S.M.; Campos de Moura, H.V.; Guarnieri, M.C. 2012. Natural history notes: Bothropoides erythromelas (Caatinga Lancehead). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 43(4): 655-656. Costa, A.C.O.R. da; Almeida-Santos, S.M. de; Germano, V.J.; Oliveira, L. de; Scartozzoni, R.R.; Salomao, M. da G. 2005. Manutencao de serpentes em cativeiro no Instituto Butantan: II - a longevidade dos generos Bothrops, Crotalus e Lachesis. Publicacoes Avulsas do Instituto Pau Brasil de Historia Natural 08-09: 63-68. Duarte, M.R.; Zanotti, A.P. 2005. Natural history notes: Bothrops erythromelas (Caatinga Lancehead). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 36(2): 188-189. Menezes Gondim, P. de; Mota Rodrigues, J.F.; Borges-Leite, M.J.; Borges-Nojosa, D.M. 2016. Topographic anatomy and sexual dimorphism of Bothrops erythromelas Amaral, 1923 (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetozoa 28(3/4): 133-140. Oliveira, M.C. de; Silva, E.G. da; Ferreira Lima, V.; Martins Teixeira, A.A.; Alves Teles, D.; Araujo Filho, J.A. de; Oliveira Almeida, W. de 2018. Natural history notes: Bothrops erythromelas (Jararaca). Diet. Herpetological Review 49(2): 335. Reis, P.M.A.G.; Coehlo, R.D.F.; Menezes, L.M.N.; Ribeiro, L.B. 2015. Contribution to the reproductive biology of Bothrops erythromelas (Squamata: Viperidae) in the semiarid region of Brazil. Herpetological Review 46(3): 327-331. Santos, E.M. dos; Silva Muniz, S.L. da 2012. Natural history notes: Bothropoides erythromelas (Jararaca). Defensive behavior: death-feigning. Herpetological Review 43(2): 340-341. Bothrops fonsecai Duarte, M.R. 2004. Natural history notes: Bothrops Cotiara (Cotiara) and Bothrops fonsecai (Fonseca's Pitviper). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 35(2): 175-176. Hoge, A.R.; Belluomini, H.E. 1959. Uma nova especie de Bothrops do Brasil (Serpentes). Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 28: 195-206. Hoge, A.R.; Belluomini, H.E. 1964. Notas sobre Bothrops fonsecai Hoge e Belluomini, Bothrops alternatus Dumeril, Bibron et Dumeril e Bothrops cotiara Gomes. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 30 [1960-1962]: 97-102. Manzani, P.R.; Moreno, R.A.; Mattar, M.N. 1997. Geographic distribution: Bothrops fonsecai (Fonseca's Lancehead). Herpetological Review 28(4): 210. Rodrigues Stuginski, D.; Fernandes Mendes, G.; Sant’Anna, S.S.; Terenciano Rubio, D.; Vieira, S.E.M.; Oitaven, L.P.C.; Grego, K.F. 2017. Sexual differences in growth rates of juveniles from a litter of Bothrops fonsecai: the role of feeding conversion in a female-biased SSD species. South American Journal of Herpetology 12(3): 193–199. Sazima, I.; Manzani, P.R. 1998. Natural history notes: Bothrops fonsecai (Fonseca's Lancehead). Reproduction and size. Herpetological Review 29(2): 102-103. Bothrops insularis Anonymous. 1995. Conservation status of a rare viper on Queimada Grande Island, Brazil. Herpetofauna News 2(8): 12-13. Amaral, A. do 1922. Contribuição para o conhecimento dos ofidios do Brazil. I. Quatro noves espécies de serpentes brasileires. Anex. Mem. Inst. Butantan S. Paulo Sec. Ofiologia 1: 1-88. Andrade, D.V.; Marques, O.A.V.; Gavira, R.S.B.; Barbo, F.E.; Zacariotti, R.L.; Sazima, I. 2010. Tail luring by the Golden Lancehead (Bothrops insularis), an island endemic snake from south-eastern Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology 5(3): 175-180. Bovo, R.P.; Marques, O.A.V.; Andrade, D.V. 2012. When basking is not an option: thermoregulation of a viperid snake endemic to a small island in the South Atlantic of Brazil. Copeia 2012(3): 408-418. Duarte, M.R.; Garrubo, P.S. 2003. Natural history notes: Bothrops insularis (Golden Lancehead). Diet. Herpetological Review 34(2): 148. Duarte, M.R.; Puorto, G.; Franco, F.L. 1995. A biological survey of the pitviper Bothrops insularis Amaral (Serpentes, Viperidae): an endemic and threatened offshore island snake of southeastern Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 30(1): 1-13. Garrubo, S. 2003. Natural history notes: Bothrops insularis (Golden Lancehead). Diet. Herpetological Review 34(3): 248. Guimaraes, M.; Munguia-Steyer, R.; Doherty, P.F.; Martins, M.; Sawaya, R.J. 2014. Population dynamics of the critically endangered Golden Lancehead Pitviper, Bothrops insularis: stability or decline. PLoS ONE 9(4): e95203. Guimaraes, M.R.; Bovo, R.P.; Kasperoviczus, K.N.; Marques, O.A.V. 2010. Natural history notes: Bothrops insularis (Golden Lancehead). Maximum length. Herpetological Review 41(1): 89. Hoge, A.R.; Belluomini, H.E.; Schreiber, G.; Penha, A.M. 1960. Sexual abnormalities in Bothrops insularis (Amaral) 1921 (Serpentes). Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 29: 17-88. Hoge, A.R.; Belluomini, H.E.; Schreiber, G.; Penha, A.M. 1961. Anomalias sexuais em Bothrops insularis (Amaral) 1921. (Serp. Crot.) Analise estatistica da terceira amostra, desdobramento e comparações com as duas amostras anteriores. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 33: 259-264. Marques, O.A.V.; Kasperoviczus, K.; Almeida-Santos, S.M. 2013. Reproductive ecology of the threatened pitviper Bothrops insularis from Queimada Grande Island, Southeast Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 47(3): 393-399. Marques, O.A.V.; Martins, M.; Develey, P.F.; Macarrao, A.; Sazima, I. 2012. The golden lancehead Bothrops insularis (Serpentes: Viperidae) relies on two seasonally plentiful bird species visiting its island habitat. Journal of Natural History 46(13-14): 885-895. Marques, O.A.V.; Sazima, I. 2009. Old habits die hard: Mouse handling by a pitviper species on a rodent-free island. Amphibia-Reptilia 30(3): 435-438. Martins, M.; Sawaya, R.J.; Marques, O.A.V. 2008. A first estimate of the population size of the critically endangered Lancehead, Bothrops insularis. South American Journal of Herpetology 3(2): 168-174. Mertens, R. 1966. Über die Inselotter, Bothrops insularis. Salamandra 2: 72-74. Schreiber, G.; Hoge, A.R.; Belluomini, H.E.; Penha, A.M. 1958. Further researches on intersexuality in a highly isolated population of snakes. Proceedings 10th Internat. Congr. Genetics 2: 254-255. Travaglia-Cardoso, S.R.; Zelanis, A.; Domingues-Furtado, M. de F. 2010. Sexual dimorphism in development and venom production of the insular threatened pit viper Bothrops insularis (Serpentes: Viperidae) of Queimada Grande Island, Brazil. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2(10): 1177-1184. Wüster, W.; Duarte, M.R.; Salomao, M. da G. 2005. Morphological correlates of incipient arboreality and ornithophagy in island pitvipers, and the phylogenetic position of Bothrops insularis. Journal of Zoology (London) 266(1): 1-10. Bothrops itapetiningae Amaral, A. do 1929. Valor systematico de varias formas de ophidios neotropicos. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 4: 3-68. Leao, S.M.; Pelegrin, N.; Campos Nogueira, C. de; Albuquerque Brandao, R. 2014. Natural history of Bothrops itapetiningae Boulenger, 1907 (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), an endemic species of the Brazilian cerrado. Journal of Herpetology 48(3): 324-331. Lema, T. de 1962. Sobre a especie Bothrops itapetiningae (Boulenger, 1907) e sua ocorrencia no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (Serpentes, Crotalidae). Iheringia (Zoologia) 21: 1-12. Bothrops jararaca Abrahão-Morato, S.A. 2011. Natural history notes: Bothropoides (=Bothrops) jararaca (Jararaca). Diet. Herpetological Review 42(2): 283. Alberto Carlos, H.S.; Koeler Lira, P.; Lima Curzio, P. de; Santos Fernandez, F.A. dos 2005. Natural history notes: Boa constrictor constrictor (boa constrictor) and Bothrops Jararaca (Jararaca). Diet. Herpetological Review 36(4): 456. Amaral, A. do 1924. On the biological differentiation of the Neotropical species of snakes, Bothrops atrox (Linne, 1758), B. jararaca (Wied, 1824) and B. jararacussu Lacerda, 1884. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 4: 447-452. Amaral, A. do 1932. Contribuição a biologia dos ophidios do Brasil. III. Habitos curiosos da espécie Tachymenis brasiliensis Gomes (Colubridae, Boiginae). IV. Sôbre um caso de necrophilia heterologa na jararaca (Bothrops jararaca). Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 7: 91-4. Amaral, A. do 1932. Notas sobre chromatisma de ophidios. I. Primeiro caso de erythrismo em serpente, observado no Brasil. II. Casos de variação de colorido de certas serpentes. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 7: 75-87. Andrade, D.V.; Abe, A.S. 1999. Relationship of venom ontogeny and diet in Bothrops. Herpetologica 55(2): 200-204. Araujo, M.S.; Martins, M. 2006. Defensive behaviour in pit vipers of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae). Herpetological Journal 16(3): 297-303. Araujo, M.S.; Martins, M. 2007. The defensive strike of five species of Lanceheads of the genus Bothrops (Viperidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology 67(2): 327-332. Balestrin, R.L.; Araujo, M.L. de; Machado Alves, M.L. 2002. Ocorrencia de hibridos nao naturais entre Bothrops Jararaca e B. neuwiedi (Serpentes, Viperidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia 92(1): 85-90. Becak, M.L.; Becak, W. 1981. Behaviour of the ZW sex bivalent in the snake Bothrops jararaca. Chromosoma (Berlin) 83(2): 289-293. Borgues-Junior, V.N.T.; Oliveira-Gil, L. de; Rocha, C.F.D.; Sluys, M. van 2007. Natural history notes: Scinax trapicheiroi (NCN). Predation. Herpetological Review 38(2): 196. Breno, M.C.; Yamanouye, N.; Prezoto, B.C.; Lazari, M.F.M.; Toffoletto, O.; Picarelli, Z.P. 1990. Maintenance of the snake Bothrops jararaca (Wied, 1824) in captivity. The Snake 22(2): 126-130. Caldart, V.M.; Samanta, I.; Rocha, M.C. da; Cechin, S.Z. 2011. Diurnal and nocturnal predators of Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae) in southern Brazil. North-Western Journal of Zoology 7(2): 342-345. Cinquini Janeiro, T.R.F.; Farias, E.C. 1988. The occurrence of twins in Bothrops jararaca (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 23(7): 106. Correa, H.K.M.; Coutinho, P.E.G. 1997. Fatal attack of a pit viper, Bothrops jararaca, on an infant buffy-tufted ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita). Primates 38(2): 215-217. Duarte, M.R.; Laporta-Ferreira, I.L. 1990. Some apsects of energetic reserves in Viperidae snakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops jararaca) with considerations about captivity maintenance. Boletim de Fisiologia Animal (Sao Paulo) 14: 87-98. Filho, C.B.C.; Costa, H.C.; Silva, E.T. da; Ribeiro Filho, O.P.; Feio, R.N. 2008. Natural history notes: Lithobates catesbeianus (American Bullfrog). Prey. Herpetological Review 39(3): 338. Freitas, M.A. de; Santos Silva, T.F.; Loebmann, D. 2010. Natural history notes: Bothrops jararaca (Jararaca). Altitudinal record. Herpetological Review 41(2): 234. Fukada, H. 1964. A small collection of snakes of the Kyoto University Expedition to the Upper Amazon. Bull. Kyoto Gakugei Univ. Ser. B 23: 19-26. Giaretta, A.A.; Nunes, R. 1997. Natural history notes: Cycloramphus boraceiensis (Flattened Waterfall Frog). Predation. Herpetological Review 28(4): 199-200. Gomes, C.A.; Almeida-Santos, S.M. 2012. Microhabitat use by species of the genera Bothrops and Crotalus (Viperidae) in semi-extensive captivity. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases 18(4): 393-398. Grazziotin, F.G.; Monzel, M.; Echeverrigaray, S.; Bonatto, S.L. 2006. Phylogeography of the Bothrops jararaca complex (Serpentes: Viperidae): past fragmentation and island colonization in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Molecular Ecology 15(13): 3969-3982. Guimaraes, M.; Sawaya, R.J. 2011. Pretending to be venomous: is a snake's head shape a trustworthy signal to a predator? Journal of Tropical Ecology 27(4): 437-439. Hamdan, B.S.; Lira-da Silva, R.M.; Felgueiras Napoli, M. 2007. Geographic distribution: Bothrops Jararaca (Jararaca). Herpetological Review 38(4): 485. Hartmann, P.A.; Almeida, M.T. de 2001. Natural history notes: Bothrops Jararaca (Jararaca Pitviper). Caudal luring. Herpetological Review 32(1): 45. Hartmann, P.A.; Hartmann, M.T.; Giasson, L.O.M. 2003. Uso do habitat e alimentaçao em juvenis de Bothrops Jararaca (Serpentes, Viperidae) na Mata Atlantica do sudeste do Brasil. Phyllomedusa 2(1): 35-41. Hofstadler Deiques, C. 2002. The development of the pit organ of Bothrops Jararaca and Crotalus durissus terrificus (Serpentes, Viperidae): Support for the monophyly of the subfamily Crotalinae. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 83(3): 175-182. Hoge, A.R. 1952. Notas erpetologicas. Anomalia na lepidose e pigmentacao das escamas dorsais em B. jararaca e B. alternata. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 24: 237-239. Hoge, A.R.; Belluomini, H.E.; Fernandes, W. 1978. Varicao do numero de placas ventrais de Bothrops jararaca em funcao dos climas (Viperidae, Crotalinae). Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 40-41 [1976-1977]: 11-17. Janeiro Cinquini, T.R.F. 2004. Capacidade reprodutiva de Bothrops Jararaca (Serpentes, Viperidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia 94(4): 429-431. Janeiro Cinquini, T.R.F. 2004. Variacao anual do sistema reprodutor de femeas de Bothrops Jararaca (Serpentes, Viperidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia 94(3): 325-328. Janeiro-Cinquini, T.R.F.; Farias, E.C.; Leinz, F.F. 1995. Relation between the quantity of abdominal fat and the reproductive state of the snake Bothrops jararaca. The Snake 27(1): 21-24. Janeiro-Cinquini, T.R.F.; Leinz, F.F.; Farias, E.C. 1993. Ovarian cycle of the snake Bothrops jararaca. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 55(1): 33-36. Janeiro-Cinquini, T.R.F.; Leinz, F.F.; Farias, E.C. 1993. Seasonal variation in weight and length of the testicles and the quantity of abdominal fat of the snake Bothrops jararaca. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 55(Supplemento 1): 15-19. Jared, C.; Antoniazzi, M.M.; Almeida-Santos, S.M. 1998. Predation of snakes by the young of opossum Didelphis marsupialis in captivity. The Snake 28(1-2): 68-70. Johnson, M.L. 1952. Herpetological notes from northeastern Brazil. Copeia 1952: 283-284. Leinz, F.F.; Janeiro-Cinquini, T.R.F.; Figueiredo, V.C.F. 1992. Influence of the arbitrary divisions of the seasonableness on the capture of male and female Bothrops jararaca (Viperidae, Crotalinae) snakes. The Snake 24(2): 161-164. Machado Alves, M.L.; Araujo, M.L. de; Witt, A.A. 2000. Aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de Bothrops Jararaca em cativeiro (Serpentes, Viperidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia 89: 187-192. Machado, O. 1945. Variações do desenho da Bothrops jararaca. Bol. Inst. Vital Brazil 5(2): 75-6. Marques, O.A.V.; Coeti, R.Z.; Braga, P.A.; Sazima, I. 2017. A rotten choice: feeding attempt by a coral snake (Micrurus frontalis) on a dead pitviper (Bothrops jararaca) that had swallowed a bulky rodent. Herpetology Notes 10: 137-139. Matias, N.R.; Machado Alves, M.L.; Araujo, M.L. de; Henriques-Jung, D.M. 2011. [Morphometric variation in Bothropoides jararaca (Snakes, Viperidae) in Rio Grande do Sul]. (In Portuguese). Iheringia Serie Zoologia 101(4): 275-282. Mônico, A.T.; Silva-Soares, T.; Lauvers, W.D.; Montibeller, B.M.; Ferreira, R.B. 2016. Natural history notes: Bothrops jararaca (Jararaca). Diet. Herpetological Review 47(4): 678. Moraes, R.A. de; Mendes Castanho, L. 2006. Natural history notes: Bothrops Jararaca (Jararaca). Prey. Herpetological Review 37(2): 229. Motta-Junior, J.C.; Granzinolli, M.A.M.; Monteiro, A.R. 2010. Miscellaneous ecological notes on Brazilian birds of prey and owls. Biota Neotropica 10(4): 355-360. Oliveira, M.E.; Santori, R.T. 1999. Predatory behavior of the opossum Didelphis albiventris on the pitviper Bothrops jararaca. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 34(2): 72-75. Rocha, M.C.; Hartmann, P.A.; Winck, G.R.; Cechin, S.Z. 2014. Seasonal, daily activity, and habitat use by three sympatric pit vipers (Serpentes, Viperidae) from southern Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 86(2): 695-705. Ruiz-Sueiro, L.; Rojas, C.A.; Yamin-Risk, J.; Siqueira França, F.O.; Almeida-Santos, S.M. 2010. Anomalias cromaticas em Bothrops jararaca (Serpentes, Viperidae): xantismo interfere na sobrevivencia? Biotemas 23(1): 155-160. Sazima, I. 1991. Caudal luring in two Neotropical pitvipers, Bothrops jararaca and B. Jararacussu. Copeia 1991(1): 245-248. Sazima, I. 1992. Natural history of the jararaca pitviper, Bothrops jararaca, in southeastern Brazil. pp. 199-216. In: Campbell, J.A. & Brodie, E.D. (eds.). Biology of the pitvipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas. 467 pp. Sazima, I. 2006. Theatrical frogs and crafty snakes: predation of visually-signalling frogs by tail-luring and ambushing pitvipers. Aqua (Miradolo Terme) 11(3): 117-124. Siqueira, L.H.C.; Marques, O.A.V. 2018. Effects of urbanization on Bothrops jararaca populations in São Paulo municipality, southeastern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 52(3): 299-306. Siqueira, L.H.C.; Marques, O.A.V. 2018. Effects of urbanization on Bothrops jararaca populations in São Paulo Municipality, southeastern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 52(3): 299-306. Souza Filho, G.A. de; Verrastro, L.V. 2012. Reptiles of the Parque Estadual de Itapua, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Check List 8(5): 847-851. Suzuki, H.; Furtado, M.F.D. 2008. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in Bothrops Jararaca and Bothrops alcatraz (Serpentes, Viperidae): evidence from RFLP analysis. Current Herpetology 27(2): 81-92. Troncone, L.R.P.; Silveira, P.F. 2001. Predatory behavior of the snake Bothrops Jararaca and its adaptation to captivity. Zoo Biology 20(5): 399-406. Vallejos, L.M.; Abreu Ribeiro, E.; Vecchi, M.B.; Alves, M.A.S. 2015. Natural history notes: Bothrops jararaca (Jararaca). Predation. Herpetological Review 46(4): 637-638. Vanzolini, P.E. 1946. Regressao do Peso sobre o comprimento em Bothrops jararaca e sua variacao sexual e estacional. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 7: 271-292. Vellard, J. 1929. Un cas d'hybridisme chez les serpents Lachesis jararaca cotiara. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 54: 39-43. Yamanouye, N.; Britto, L.R.G.; Carneiro, S.M.; Markus, R.P. 1997. Control of venom production and secretion by sympathetic outflow in the snake Bothrops jararaca. Journal of Experimental Biology 200(19): 2547-2556. Zanella, N.; Lema, T. de 1999. Osteologia craniana de Bothrops alternatus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854, e a comparacao com especies de Bothrops Wagler, 1824, ocorrentes no sul do Brasil (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 13(1-2): 47-68. Bothrops jararacussu Amaral, A. do 1924. On the biological differentiation of the Neotropical species of snakes, Bothrops atrox (Linne, 1758), B. jararaca (Wied, 1824) and B. jararacussu Lacerda, 1884. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 4: 447-452. Araujo, M.S.; Martins, M. 2006. Defensive behaviour in pit vipers of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae). Herpetological Journal 16(3): 297-303. Araujo, M.S.; Martins, M. 2007. The defensive strike of five species of Lanceheads of the genus Bothrops (Viperidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology 67(2): 327-332. Brocardo, C.R.; Bueno Gavira, R.S. 2012. Natural history notes: Bothrops jararacussu (Jararacussu). Diet. Herpetological Review 43(1): 144. Caldart, V.M.; Samanta, I.; Rocha, M.C. da; Cechin, S.Z. 2011. Diurnal and nocturnal predators of Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae) in southern Brazil. North-Western Journal of Zoology 7(2): 342-345. Duarte, M.R. 2008. Natural history notes: Bothrops Jararacussu (Jararacussu). Ophiophagy. Herpetological Review 39(4): 467. Janeiro-Cinquini, T.R.F.; Farias, E.; Leinz, F.F. 1991. Sexually dimorphic tail coloration in juvenile Bothrops Jararacussu (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 26(11): 244. Lanschi, F.A.; Landim, R.F.; Martinelli, M.M. 2012. Natural history notes: Bothrops jararacussu (Jararacussu). Diet. Herpetological Review 43(2): 341. Leinz, F.F.; Janeiro Cinquini, T.R.F.; Ishizuka, M.M.; Lang, L.V. 1989. Sobrevivencia de Bothrops jararacussu (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae) mantidas em cativeiro. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 51(1): 33-38. Lema, T. de; Leitao de Araujo, M. 1980. Sobre Bothrops jararacussu Lacerda, 1884 do extremo sul do Brasil e sua ocorrencia no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Ophidia, Viperidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia 56: 63-70. Marques, O.A.V.; Araujo, C.O. 2011. Do pitvipers prey on mammals during daylight. Herpetology Notes 4: 453-454. Marques, O.A.V.; Falcetti, C.A.; Ribeiro, R.A.K.; Pereira, D.N. 2004. Natural history notes: Bothrops Jararacussu (Jararacussu). Ophiophagy. Herpetological Review 35(1): 58. Marques, O.A.V.; Sazima, I. 2003. Natural history notes: Bothrops Jararacussu (Jararacussu). Sexual dichromatism. Herpetological Review 34(1): 62. Martinelli, M.M.; Assis, V.T. de 2011. Natural history notes: Bothrops jararacussu (Jararacussu). Diet. Herpetological Review 42(1): 97. Muscat, E.; Entiauspe-Neto, O.M. 2016. Natural history notes: Bothrops jararacussu (Atlantic Forest Jararacussu). Defensive behavior. Herpetological Review 47(3): 474. Ortiz, F.R.; Abegg, A.D.; Corrêa, L.M. 2017. Albinism in Bothrops jararacussu Lacerda, 1884 (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 10: 177-179. Pereira da Cruz, J.G. 2007. Performance locomotora entre Bothrops Jararacussu (Serpentes, Viperidae) versus Spilotes pullatus (Serpentes, Colubridae). Biociencias 14(2) 2006(2007): 202-207. Pereira da Cruz, J.G.; Magro, D.D. del; Niehues da Cruz, J. 2008. Padroes de atividade locomotora diaria de Bothrops Jararacussu (Serpentes: Viperidae): uma resposta relacionada as condicoes ambientais de luminosidade ou a ritmos endogenos? Biotemas 21(4): 123-129. Rocha, M.C.; Hartmann, P.A.; Winck, G.R.; Cechin, S.Z. 2014. Seasonal, daily activity, and habitat use by three sympatric pit vipers (Serpentes, Viperidae) from southern Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 86(2): 695-705. Sazima, I. 1991. Caudal luring in two Neotropical pitvipers, Bothrops jararaca and B. Jararacussu. Copeia 1991(1): 245-248. Sazima, I. 2006. Theatrical frogs and crafty snakes: predation of visually-signalling frogs by tail-luring and ambushing pitvipers. Aqua (Miradolo Terme) 11(3): 117-124. Zamprogno, C.; Zamprogno, M. das G. 1997. Natural history notes: Bothrops Jararacussu (Jararacussu). Prey. Herpetological Review 28(1): 45. Zanella, N.; Lema, T. de 1999. Osteologia craniana de Bothrops alternatus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854, e a comparacao com especies de Bothrops Wagler, 1824, ocorrentes no sul do Brasil (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 13(1-2): 47-68. Bothrops jonathani Carrasco, P.A.; Harvey, M.B.; Munoz-Saravia, A. 2009. The rare Andean pitviper Rhinocerophis jonathani (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae): redescription with comments on its systematics and biogeography. Zootaxa 2283: 1-15. Harvey, M.B. 1994. A new species of montane pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Bothrops) from Cochabamba, Bolivia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 107(1): 60-66. Bothrops lanceolatus Avendafio, O. 1926. Tres casos experimentales de intoxicacion por ponzona de Bothrops lanceolatus. Bol. Est. Biol. Mexico 3: 43-44. Gosner, K.L. 1987. Observations on Lesser Antillean pit vipers. Journal of Herpetology 21(1): 78-80. Gosner, K.L. 1988. Snakebite in the Lesser Antilles. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 24(1): 1-6. Hoge, A.R. 1952. Notas erpetologicas. Revalidacao de Bothrops lanceolata (Lacepede). Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 24: 231-236. Lalung, H. de 1947. La serpent de la Martinique. Sa légende, ses moeurs, ses ennemis. Comment les caraïbes et les nègres soignaient ses piqûres. Essai de médecine rétrospective. Laboratoires Corbière. 80 pp. Lazell, J.D. 1964. The Lesser Antillean representatives of Bothrops and Constrictor. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard 132: 245-273. Sandner Montilla, F. 1979. Una nueva especie de genero Bothrops (Serpentes, Crotalidae, Bothropinae) de la region de Guanare, estado Portuguesa, Venezuela. Memorias Cientifica de Ofidiologia 4: 1-19. Werner, F. 1903. Über Reptilien und Batrachier aus Guatemala und China in der zoologischen Staats-Sammlung in München, nebst einem Anhang über seltene Formen aus anderen Gebieten. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 22(2): 343-384. Bothrops leucurus Baptista, G.M.; Gonzalez, R.C.; Castro, T.M. de; Silva-Soares, T. 2016. Natural history notes: Bothrops leucurus (White-tailed Lancehead). Diet. Herpetological Review 47(3): 474-475. Barros, V.A.; Rojas, C.A.; Almeida-Santos, S.M. 2014. Is rainfall seasonality important for reproductive strategies in viviparous Neotropical pit vipers? A case study with Bothrops leucurus from the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Herpetological Journal 24(2): 69-77. Biasi, P. de; Belluomini, H.E.; Fernandes, W. 1978. Quantidades de veneno obtidas na extracao de serpentes Bothrops pradoi (Hoge 1948) (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae). Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 40-41 [1976-1977]: 155-166. Carvalho, R.R. de; Nascimento, L.B. 2005. Geographic distribution: Bothrops leucurus (White-tailed Lancehead). Herpetological Review 36(4): 469. Castro, T.M.; Oliveira, J.C.F. de 2017. Natural history notes: Bothrops leucurus (White-tailed Lancehead). Diet. Herpetological Review 48(2): 445-446. Costa, A.C.O.R. da; Almeida-Santos, S.M. de; Germano, V.J.; Oliveira, L. de; Scartozzoni, R.R.; Salomao, M. da G. 2005. Manutencao de serpentes em cativeiro no Instituto Butantan: II - a longevidade dos generos Bothrops, Crotalus e Lachesis. Publicacoes Avulsas do Instituto Pau Brasil de Historia Natural 08-09: 63-68. Fagundes, V.; Baiao, L.A.; Vianna, L.A.; Alvarenga, C.S.; Machado, M.X.; Lopes, S.R. 2009. Bothrops leucurus (Serpentes, Viperidae) preying on Micrurus corallinus (Serpentes, Elapidae) and Blarinomys breviceps (Mammalia, Cricetidae). Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitao 26: 67-71. Ferrari, S.F.; Beltrao-Mendes, R. 2011. Do snakes represent the principal predatory threat to callitrichids? Fatal attack of a viper (Bothrops leucurus) on a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in the Atlantic forest of the Brazilian northeast. Primates 52(3): 207-209. França, F.G.R.; Silva Braz, V. da 2018. Natural history notes: Bothrops leucurus (White-tailed Lancehead). Diet. Herpetological Review 49(2): 334-335. Freitas, M.A. de; Loebmann, D. 2010. Natural history notes: Bothrops leucurus (Jararaca/Bahia Lancehead). Diet. Herpetological Review 41(2): 234. Freitas, M.A. de; Santos Silva, T.F. 2011. Natural history notes: Bothrops leucurus (Bahia Lancehead). Caudal luring. Herpetological Review 42(3): 436. Hoge, A. 1947. Uma nova especie de Trimeresurus. 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Range extension for Bothrops leucurus. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 32(2): 25-26. Rocha, C.F.D.; Bergallo, H.G.; Vrcibradic, D.; Vamos, R. 1997. Natural history notes: Bothrops pradoi (Prado's Lancehead). Unusual mortality. Herpetological Review 28(3): 153-154. Sant'Anna, S.S.; Grego, K.F.; Fernandes, W. 2001. Natural history notes: Bothrops leucurus (White-tailed Lancehead). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 32(1): 45-46. Silva, C.F. da; Alcantara, E.P. de; Oliveira, H.F. de; Matias, C.S.L.; Ávila, R.W. 2015. Natural history notes: Bothrops leucurus (Whitetail Lancehead). Diet. Herpetological Review 46(4): 637. Bothrops lojanus Alencar, L.R.V.; Quental, T.B.; Grazziotin, F.G.; Alfaro, M.L.; Martins, M.; Venzon, M.; Zaher, H. 2016. Diversification in vipers: Phylogenetic relationships, time of divergence and shifts in speciation rates. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 105: 50-62. Carrasco, P.A.; Venegas, P.J.; Valencia, J.H. 2016. First confirmed records of the endangered Andean pitviper Bothrops lojanus Parker, 1930 (Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Peru. Herpetology Notes 9: 297-301. Kuch, U.; Ayala-Varela, F.P. 2004. Natural history notes: Bothrops lojanus (Lojan Lancehead). Diet. Herpetological Review 35(3): 274. Parker, H.W. 1930. Two new reptiles from southern Ecuador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (London) 10(5): 568-571. Bothrops lutzi Amaral, A. do 1923. New genera and species of snakes. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 8: 85-105. Lira-da Silva, R.M.; Mise, Y.F.; Puorto, G.; Xavier, V. 2003. Geographic distribution: Bothrops neuwiedi lutzi (Neuwied's Lancehead). Herpetological Review 34(4): 386. Loebmann, D. 2009. Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes, Viperidae, Bothrops lutzi: distribution extension, geographic distribution map. Check List 5(3): 373-375. Ribeiro Moura, M.; Pirani, R.M.; Silva, V.X. da 2013. New records of snakes (Reptilia: Squamata) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List 9(1): 99-103. Bothrops marajoensis Wüster, W.; Thorpe, R.S.; Puorto, G.; Butantan British Bothrops Systematics Project 1996. Systematics of the Bothrops atrox complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) in Brazil: a multivariate analysis. Herpetologica 52(2): 263-271. Bothrops marmoratus Silva, V.X. da; Rodrigues, M.T. 2008. Taxonomic revision of the Bothrops neuwiedi complex (Serpentes, Viperidae) with description of a new species. Phyllomedusa 7(1): 45-90. Bothrops mattogrossensis Amaral, A. do 1927. Studies of Neotropical Ophidia. 4. A new form of Crotalidae from Bolivia. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 1: 5, 6. Amaral, A. do 1932. Notas sobre chromatisma de ophidios. I. Primeiro caso de erythrismo em serpente, observado no Brasil. II. Casos de variação de colorido de certas serpentes. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 7: 75-87. Avila, L.J.; Moreta, J.C. 1995. Bothrops neuwiedi bolivianus Amaral. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 9(1): 57. Avila, R.W.; Campos, A.L.C. 2007. Natural history notes: Bothrops mattogrossensis (Mato Grosso Lancehead). Predation. Herpetological Review 38(3): 339. Benício, R.A.; Ceron, K.; Toledo Moroti, M. de; Santana, D.J. 2018. A record of a Thrichomys pachyurus (Rodentia: Echimyidae) as prey of Bothrops mattogrossensis (Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetology Notes 11: 647-649. Costa-Pereira, R.; Ingram, T.; Souza, F.L.; Silva Araújo, M. 2016. Natural history notes: Bothrops mattogrossensis (Mato Grosso Lancehead). Diet. Herpetological Review 47(1): 142. Monteiro, C.; Montgomery, C.E.; Spina, F.; Sawaya, R.J.; Martins, M. 2006. Feeding, reproduction, and morphology of Bothrops mattogrossensis (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae) in the Brazilian Pantanal. Journal of Herpetology 40(3): 408-413. Bothrops medusa Berthold, G. 1959. Algunas consideraciones sobre la tigra mariposa (Bothrops medusa), su veneno y mordedara. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 10(52): 17-22. 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Cuadernos de Herpetologia 13(1-2): 47-68. Bothrops muriciensis Ferrarezzi, H.; Freire, E.M.X. 2001. New species of Bothrops Wagler, 1824 from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae). Boletim do Museu Nacional Rio de Janeiro (Zoologia) 440: 1-10. Freitas, M.A. de; França, D.P.F. de; Graboski, R.; Uhlig, V.; Veríssimo, D. 2012. Notes on the conservation status, geographic distribution and ecology of Bothrops muriciensis Ferrarezzi & Freire, 2001 (Serpentes, Viperidae). North-Western Journal of Zoology 8(2): 338-343. Bothrops neuwiedi Abalos, J.W.; Baez, E.C. 1963. Variaciones del diseno en Bothrops neuwiedii mendionalis de Santiago del Estero. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 19: 479-486. Amaral, A. do 1930. A new race of Bothrops neuwiedii. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 4: 65-67. Amaral, A. do 1932. Contribuição ao conhecimento dos ophidios do Brasil. V. Uma nova raca de Bothrops neuwiedi. VI. Uma nova espécie de colubrideo opisthoglypho, do gênero Chlorosoma Wagler, 1930. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 7: 97-101. Amaral, A. do 1932. Notas sobre chromatisma de ophidios. I. Primeiro caso de erythrismo em serpente, observado no Brasil. II. Casos de variação de colorido de certas serpentes. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 7: 75-87. Araujo, M.L. de; Alves, M.L.M.; Balestrin, R.L.; Aguiar, L.F.S. de 1998. Nascimento e desenvolvimento de Bothrops neuwiedi em cativeiro (Serpentes, Viperidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia 85: 3-10. Asencios-Reyes, H.V.; Onofre, F.C. 1995. Distribucion geografica de la fauna ofidica ponzonosa en el Peru. Boletin de Lima 17(97): 91-96. Balestrin, R.L.; Araujo, M.L. de; Machado Alves, M.L. 2002. Ocorrencia de hibridos nao naturais entre Bothrops Jararaca e B. neuwiedi (Serpentes, Viperidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia 92(1): 85-90. Borges, R.C.; Araujo, A.F.B. 1998. Selecao de habitat em duas especies de jararaca (Bothrops moojeni Hoge e B. neuwiedi Wagler) (Serpentes, Viperidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 58(4): 591-601. Dobladez, M.J.L. 1937. Consideraciones sobre un caso mortal de ofidismo en San Juan. Novena Reunion Soc. Argent. Patol. Reg. 2: 663-671. Fernandes, W.; Abe, A.S. 1991. An electrophoretic approach to the relationships among the subspecies of the lancehead Bothrops neuwiedi (Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 226(3-4): 195-201. França, F.G.R.; França, R.C. de; Souza Germano, C.E. de; Oliveira-Filho, J.M. de 2012. Bothropoides neuwiedi (Wagler, 1824) (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae): distribution extension for the Atlantic forest, first vouchered record for Paraiba, and geographic distribution map. Check List 8(1): 170-171. Lema, T. de; Ibarra Vieria, M.; Leitao de Araujo, M. 1984. Fauna reptiliana do norte da Grande Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 2(4): 203-227. Machado Alves, M.L.; Leitao de Araujo, M.; Caberlon, E. 1998. Atividade reprodutiva de Bothrops neuwiedi em cativeiro (Serpentes, Viperidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia 84: 185-191. Murphy, J.B.; Mitchell, L.A. 1984. Miscellaneous notes on the reproductive biology of reptiles. 6. Thirteen varieties of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Crotalidae). Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78: 199-214. Peñaranda-B., E. 1995. Natural history notes: Bothrops neuwiedi (Yoperojobobo, Neuwied's Lancehead). Brood size. Herpetological Review 26(4): 205-206. Peñaranda-B., E.; Calvo, C.A.; Penaranda, J. 1994. Biologia reproductiva de Bothrops neuwiedi (Serpentes, Viperidae) en cautiverio: resultados preliminares. Ecologia en Bolivia 23: 57-70. Queiroz, A.F.; Jesus, J.A. de; Argôlo, A.J.S. 2014. [Unfertilized egg laying by Bothrops leucurus and Bothrops neuwiedi (Serpentes, Viperidae) in captivity]. (In Portuguese). Biotemas 27(2): 213-216. Rodrigues, F.H.G. 2005. Natural history notes: Bothrops neuwiedi pauloensis (Jararaca Rabo-deosso). Predation. Herpetological Review 36(1): 67-68. Yuki, R.N. 1997. Geographic distribution: Bothrops neuwiedi (Neuwied's Lancehead). Herpetological Review 28(3): 158. Zanella, N.; Lema, T. de 1999. Osteologia craniana de Bothrops alternatus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854, e a comparacao com especies de Bothrops Wagler, 1824, ocorrentes no sul do Brasil (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 13(1-2): 47-68. Bothrops oligolepis Amaral, A. do 1929. Valor systematico de varias formas de ophidios neotropicos. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 4: 3-68. Harvey, M.B.; Aparicio-E., J.; Gonzales-A.; L. 2005. Revision of the venomous snakes of Bolivia. II. The pitvipers (Serpentes: Viperidae). Annals of Carnegie Museum 74(1): 1-37. Schätti, B.; Kramer, E. 1993. Ecuadorianische Grubenottern der Gattungen Bothriechis, Bothrops und Porthidium (Serpentes: Viperidae). 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Bothrops pictus Dehling, D.M.; Tello, A. 2012. Natural history notes: Bothrops pictus (Desert Lancehead) and Pseudalsophis elegans (Elegant Racer). Predation. Herpetological Review 43(4): 656-657. Medina, F.L. 1973. Nota sobre Bothrops pictus Tschudi. Rebiol 2(2): 191-201. Parker, H.W. 1930. Two new reptiles from southern Ecuador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (London) 10(5): 568-571. Prado, A.; Hoge, A.R. 1947. Observações sobre serpentes do Peru, com a descrição de uma nova especie. Ciencia (Mexico) 8(6-9): 180. Bothrops pirajai Amaral, A. do 1923. New genera and species of snakes. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 8: 85-105. Freitas, M.A. de; Argôlo, A.J.S.; Gonner, C.; Veríssimo, D. 2014. Biology and conservation status of Piraja’s Lancehead Snake Bothrops pirajai Amaral, 1923 (Serpentes: Viperidae), Brazil. Journal of Threatened Taxa 6(10): 6326-6334. Bothrops pubescens Alberto Barros, V.; Rojas, C.A.; Silva, K.M.P. da; Almeida-Santos, S.M. de 2017. Natural history notes: Bothrops pubescens. Sperm in the sexual segment of the kidneys. Herpetological Review 48(3): 666-667. Amaral, A. do 1932. Notas sobre chromatisma de ophidios. I. Primeiro caso de erythrismo em serpente, observado no Brasil. II. Casos de variação de colorido de certas serpentes. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 7: 75-87. Hartmann, M.T.; Hartmann, P.A.; Cechin, S.Z.; Martins, M. 2005. Feeding habits and habitat use in Bothrops pubescens (Viperidae, Crotalinae) from southern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 39(4): 664-667. Hartmann, M.T.; Marques, O.A.V.; Almeida-Santos, S.M. 2004. Reproductive biology of the southern Brazilian pitviper Bothrops neuwiedi pubescens (Serpentes, Viperidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 25(1): 77-85. Hoge, A.R. 1959. Note sur la position systematique de Trigonocephalus (Bothrops) pubescens Cope 1869. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 28: 83-84. Melgarejo, A.R. 1978. Observaciones sobre nacimiento en el laboratorio de Bothrops neuwiedi pubescens (Cope, 1870). (Ophidia, Crotalinae). Revista de Biologia del Uruguay 5(1) [1977]: 35-41. Vieira, M.I.; Alves, M.L.M. 1975. Estudo revisivo de Bothrops neuwiedi pubescens (Cope 1869). Serpentes, Viperidae. Iheringia (Zoologia) 48: 57-74. Bothrops pulcher Gutberlet, R.L.; Harvey, M.B. 1998. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific and subspecific names of Trigonocephalus pulcher Peters, 1862 and Bothrops albocarinatus Shreve, 1934 (Reptilia, Serpentes) by the designation of a neotype for T. pulcher. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(1): 29-32. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999. Opinion 1939. Trigonocephalus pulcher Peters, 1862 (currently Bothrops pulcher, Bothriechis pulcher or Bothriopsis pulchra; Reptilia, Serpentes): defined by the holotype, and not a neotype; Bothrops campbelli Freire Lascano, 1991: specific name placed on the Official List. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(3): 218-220. Kuch, U. 1997. Comment on the proposed conservation of the specific and subspecific names of Trigonocephalus pulcher Peters, 1863 (recte 1862) and Bothrops albocarinatus Shreve, 1934 (Reptilia, Serpentes) by the designation of a neotype for T. pulcher. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 54(4): 245-249. Neill, W.T. 1960. The caudal lure of various juvenile snakes. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 23: 173-200. Schätti, B. 1998. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific and subspecific names of Trigonocephalus pulcher Peters, 1862 and Bothrops albocarinatus Shreve, 1934 (Reptilia, Serpentes) by the designation of a neotype for T. pulcher. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(1): 32-33. Schätti, B.; Kramer, E. 1993. Ecuadorianische Grubenottern der Gattungen Bothriechis, Bothrops und Porthidium (Serpentes: Viperidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 100(2): 235-278. Schätti, B.; Kramer, E.; Touzet, J.M. 1990. Systematic remarks on a rare crotalid snake from Ecuador, Bothriechis albocarinata (Shreve), with some comments on the generic arrangement of arboreal Neotropical pitvipers. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 97(4): 877-885. Schätti, B.; Smith, H.M. 1997. Case 2921. Trigonocephalus pulcher Peters, 1863 (currently Bothrops pulcher) and Bothrops albocarinatus Shreve, 1934 (currently Bothriechis oligolepis albocarinatus) (Reptilia, Serpentes): proposed conservation of the specific and subspecific names by the designation of a neotype for T. pulcher. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 54(1): 35-38. Smith, H.M. 1998. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific and subspecific names of Trigonocephalus pulcher Peters, 1862 and Bothrops albocarinatus Shreve, 1934 (Reptilia, Serpentes) by the designation of a neotype for T. pulcher. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(1): 36. Wüster, W. 1998. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific and subspecific names of Trigonocephalus pulcher Peters, 1862 and Bothrops albocarinatus Shreve, 1934 (Reptilia, Serpentes) by the designation of a neotype for T. pulcher. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(1): 34-36. Bothrops punctatus Amaral, A. do 1923. New genera and species of snakes. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 8: 85-105. Amaral, A. do 1929. Valor systematico de varias formas de ophidios neotropicos. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 4: 3-68. Daza-R., J.M.; Quintana, J.C.; Otero, R. 2005. Geographic distribution: Bothrops punctatus (Chocoan Forest Pitviper). Herpetological Review 36(3): 338. Neill, W.T. 1960. The caudal lure of various juvenile snakes. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 23: 173-200. Nicéforo-Maria, H. 1929. Rabo de Chucha del Choco (Bothrops leptura). Rev. Soc. Colomb. Cienc. Nat. 18(4): 185-188. Ospina-L., A.M. 2017. Bothrops punctatus (García 1896). 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Zootaxa 4097(4): 511-529. Bothrops taeniatus Cunha, O.R. da; Nascimento, F.P. do 1972. Ofidios da Amazonia. 3. Sobre a ocorencia de Bothrops lichenosus Roze, 1958 no Brasil (Ophidia, Crotalidae). Journal of Cell Biology 32(1): 27-32. Freire-Lascano, A.; Garcia, F.; Wüster, W.; Kuch, U. 2003. Geographic distribution: Bothriopsis taeniata or Bothrops taeniatus (Speckled Forest-pitviper). Ecuador: provincia de Zamora-Chinchipe. Herpetological Review 34(3): 263. Freire-Lascano, A.; Kuch, U. 2004. Natural history notes: Bothriopsis taeniata or Bothrops taeniatus (Speckled Forest Pitviper). Juvenile size. Herpetological Review 35(3): 273. Means, D.B. 2004. Geographic distribution: Bothriopsis taeniata (Speckled Forest-pitviper). Herpetological Review 35(4): 410. Prudente, A.L.C.; Costa Menks, A.; Silva, F.M. da; Maschio, G.F. 2014. Diet and reproduction of the Western Indigo Snake Drymarchon corais (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Herpetology Notes 7: 99-108. Roberts, D.T.; Hammack, S.H. 1995. Captive reproduction and husbandry of the speckled forest-pitviper Bothriopsis taeniata (Wagler) at the Dallas Zoo. The Snake 27(1): 53-55. Salomao, M. da G.; Wüster, W.; Thorpe, R.S.; Touzet, J.M.; Butantan British Bothrops Systematics Project 1997. DNA evolution of South American pitvipers of the genus Bothrops (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae). Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 70 [1996]: 89-98. Souza, J.R.D. de; Venâncio, N.M.; Freitas, M.A. de; Souza, M.B. de; Veríssimo, D. 2013. First record of Bothrops taeniatus Wagler, 1824 (Reptilia: Viperidae) for the state of Acre, Brazil. Check List 9(2): 430-431. Timms, J. 2013. Bothriopsis taeniata, eine Schönheit aus dem südamerikanischen Regenwald. Terraria-Elaphe 2013(42): 58-64. Torrez, P.Q.; Duarte, M.R.; Franca, F.O.S.; Figueiredo, L.; Abati, P.; Campos, L.R.; Oliveira-Pardal, P.P. de; Quiroga, M.; Mascheretti, M.; Boulos, M. 2009. First report of an accident with the speckled forest pit viper (Bothriopsis taeniata) in Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 42(3): 342-344. Bothrops venezuelensis Esqueda, L.F.; Marca, E. la 1999. New reptilian species records from the Cordillera de Merida, Andes of Venezuela. Herpetological Review 30(4): 238-240. Mendoza, J.S.; Berrio, V.; Gómez, D.A. 2012. Reptilia, Squamata, Viperidae, Bothrops venezuelensis Leybold, 1873: distribution extension and first country record. Check List 8(2): 310-312. Sandner Montilla, F. 1961. Ofidios ponzonosos de Venezuela Bothrops venezuelae sp. nov. Novedades Cientificos Museo de Historia Natural La Salle (Zoologica) 30: 1-36. Sandner Montilla, F. 1979. Una nueva especie de genero Bothrops (Serpentes, Crotalidae, Bothropinae) de la region de Guanare, estado Portuguesa, Venezuela. Memorias Cientifica de Ofidiologia 4: 1-19. Sandner Montilla, F.; Römer, M. 1961. Ofidios ponzonosos de Venezuela Bothrops pifanoi sp. nov. 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