Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates





Related bibliographies:

Reptiles
Crocodilians
Alligatoridae

Central America
North America
South America
West Indies









































































































































































































































































































































Taxonomy of the genus Caiman Biodiversity of the family Alligatoridae

Bibliography of the genus
Caiman (Typical Caimans)

(Reptilia: Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Caiman in general

Amato, G.; Gatesy, J. 1994. PCR assays of variable nucleotide sites for identification of conservation units. Experientia Supplementum (Basel) 69: 215-226.

Barao-Nobrega, J.A.L.; Marioni, B.; Villamarin, F.; Soares, A.M.V.M.; Magnusson, W.E.; Silveira, R. da 2014. Researcher disturbance has minimal impact on natural predation of caiman nests in central Amazonia. Journal of Herpetology 48(3): 338-342.

Brazaitis, P.; Watanabe, M.E.; Amato, G. 1998. The caiman trade. Scientific American 278(3): 70-76.

Brazaitis, P.; Yamashita, C.; Rebelo, G. 1990. A summary report of the CITES South America caiman study: phase 1: Brazil. IUCN (International Union For Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Publications New Series 9(1): 100-115.

Busack, S.D.; Pandya, S. 2001. Geographic variation in Caiman crocodilus and Caiman yacare (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae): Systematic and legal implications. Herpetologica 57(3): 294-312.

Edmonds, L. 1985. Caimans. Ratel 12(4): 130-136.

Fuchs, K.H.; Jelden, D.; Wermuth, H. 1991. Some peculiar caiman skins exported from Colombia, South America. (Reptilia: Crocodylia: Alligatoridae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 71(1-3): 1-10.

Hrbek, T.; Vasconcelos, W.R.; Rebelo, G.; Farias, I.P. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of South American Alligatorids and the Caiman of Madeira River. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A-Ecological Genetics and Physiology 309A(10): 588-599.

Humphrys, S. 2006. Observations on nesting activity of caimans at two ponds in the South Rupununi Savannah, Guyana. Living World 2006: 52-53.

Lamas, G. 1986. Drinking crocodile tears. Antenna 10(4): 162.

Larriera, A. 1990. A program of monitoring and recovering of caiman's populations in Argentina with the aim of management. pp. 1-5. In: Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - the World Conservation Union Convened at Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., 23rd to 27th April 1990. Vol. 2. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland. 345 pp.

Mertens, R. 1949. Zur Synonymie von zwei Krokodilnamen. Senckenbergiana 30(1-3): 9-10.

Monteiro, L.R.; Cavalcanti, M.J.; Sommer, H.J.S. 1997. Comparative ontogenetic shape changes in the skull of Caiman species (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae). Journal of Morphology 231(1): 53-62.

Monteiro, L.R.; Lessa, L.G. 2000. Comparative analysis of cranial suture complexity in the genus Caiman (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 60(4): 689-694.

Mourao, G.; Bayliss, P.; Coutinho, M.E.; Abercrombie, C.; Arruda, A. 1994. Test of an aerial survey for caiman and other wildlife in the Pantanal, Brazil. Wildlife Society Bulletin 22(1): 50-56.

Pacheco, L.F. 1996. Wariness of caiman populations and its effect on abundance estimates. Journal of Herpetology 30(1): 123-126.

Schmidt, K.P. 1928. Notes on South American caimans. Field Mus. Pub. Chicago Zool. Ser. 12(17): 205-231.

Waller, T. 1987. Registro de las localidades de distribucion de las especies del genero Caiman (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) en Argentina. Amphibia & Reptilia (Conservacion) 1(3): 68-75.

Zahl, P.A. 1954. In the wilds of a city parlor. National Geographic Magazine 106: 645-673.

Caiman crocodilus

Anonymous. 1996. Manejo del programa de zoocriaderos de la especie baba (Caiman crocodilus) en Venezuela. Informe acerca del programa de zoocriaderos de la especie baba (Caiman crocodilus) en Venezuela. Zoocriaderos 1(1): 2-6.

Allsteadt, J. 1994. Nesting ecology of Caiman crocodilus in Cano Negro, Costa Rica. Journal of Herpetology 28(1): 12-19.

Allsteadt, J.; Vaughan, C. 1988. Ecological studies of the Central American caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) in Cano Negro National Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 23(8): 123-126.

Allsteadt, J.; Vaughan, C. 1989. Distress call of caiman, Caiman crocodilus fuscus, in northern Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 36(2b) [1988]: 567-568.

Allsteadt, J.; Vaughan, C. 1992. Dry season habitat selection of Caiman crocodilus (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in Cano Negro, Costa Rica. Brenesia 38: 65-69.

Allsteadt, J.; Vaughan, C. 1992. Population status of Caiman crocodilus (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in Cano Negro, Costa Rica. Brenesia 38: 57-64.

Álvarez del Toro, M. 1969. Breeding the spectacled caiman Caiman crocodylus at Tuxtla Gutierrez Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 9: 35-36.

Antelo, R. 2012. Natural history notes: Crocodylia crocodilians: Caiman crocodilus (Spectacled Caiman). Homosexual behavior. Herpetological Review 43(2): 327-328.

Areste, M.; Farriols, J.L. 1998. Index of species. Caiman crocodilus spectacled caiman (Linnaeus, 1758). Reptilia (GB) 4: 39-42.

Asanza, E. 1992. Population dynamics, ecology and conservation of the black caiman, Melanosuchus niger in Ecuadorian Amazonia. pp. 22-30. In: IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles: proceedings of the 11th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - the World Conservation Union convened at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 2 to 7 August 1992. Vol. 2. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland. 283 pp.

Ashok; Misra, S.B. 1990. Caiman breeding in captivity at Kukrail. Indian Forester 116(11): 896-900.

Ayarzaguena, J. 1984. Variaciones en la dieta de Caiman sclerops. La relacion entre morfologia bucal y dieta. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales la Salle 44(122): 123-140.

Ayarzaguena, J. 1988. Cambios de la diversidad en sabanas moduladas en los llanos de Apure, medidos con la dieta de un depredador oportunista (Caiman crocodilus). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales la Salle 48(129): 163-166.

Balaguera-Reina, S.A. 2012. [Ethno-zoological relationships, habitat and population structure of Caiman crocodilus fuscus at Zapatosa and Costilla swamps, Cesar Department, Colombia]. (In Spanish). Herpetotropicos 8(1-2): 5-12.

Balaguera-Reina, S.A.; Farfán-Ardila, N. 2018. Are we ready for successful apex predator conservation in Colombia? Human-crocodilian interactions as a study case. Herpetological Review 49(1): 5-12.

Balaguera-Reina, S.A.; Gonzalez-Maya, J.F. 2009. Estructura poblacional, abundancia, distribucion y uso de habitat de Caiman crocodilus fuscus (Cope, 1868) en la Via Parque Isla de Salamanca, Caribe colombiano. Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia 44(1): 145-152.

Bernal, X.E. 2006. Natural history notes: Caiman crocodilus (Spectacled Caiman). Predation/ eavesdropper. Herpetological Review 37(4): 460-461.

Bille, T. 2000. En introduktion til Méxicos herpetofauna. 4. Krokodiller. [An introduction to Mexico's herpetofauna. 4. Crocodilians]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 43(1): 15-20.

Boede, E.O.; Parraga, M.E.; Sanchez de Boede, N.; Medina de Lopez, N.; Castano, H. 1987. Un caso de caquexia en una baba (Caiman crocodilus) del zoologico Las Delicias de Maracay, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Publications New Series 7: 80-95.

Bolanos, J.R.; Sanchez-R., J.; Piedra-Castro, L. 1997. Inventario y estructura poblacional de crocodilidos en tres zonas de Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical (A) 44(3)-45(1)(A): 283-287.

Boos, H.E.A. 2007. Capture and breeding of the Tobago caiman. Living World (August): 20. 2007: 20.

Borges-Nojosa, D.M.; Cassiano Lima, D. 2008. Geographic distribution: Caiman crocodilus (Common Caiman). Brazil: Ceara. Herpetological Review 39(4): 480-481.

Botero-Arias, R.; Marmontel, M.; Queiroz, H.L. de 2009. Projeto de manejo experimental de Jacares no estado do Amazonas: abate de Jacares no setor Jaraua - Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentavel Mamiraua, Dezembro de 2008. Uakari 5(2): 49-58.

Brandt, L.A.; Mazzotti, F.J. 1990. The behavior of juvenile Alligator mississippiensis and Caiman crocodilus exposed to low temperature. Copeia 1990(3): 867-871.

Brazaitis, P.; Rebelo, G.H.; Yamashita, C. 1996. The status of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus and Melanosuchus niger populations in the Amazonian regions of Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia 17(4): 377-385.

Brazaitis, P.; Rebelo, G.H.; Yamashita, C. 1998. The distribution of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus and Caiman yacare populations in Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia 19(2): 193-201.

Brewster, K.N. 1983. Behavioral notes on Alligator mississippiensis and Caiman crocodilus. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 18(1): 7-11.

Bringsøe, H. 2000. Herpetologi i Fransk Guyana. 3. Blandt dværgkaimaner, Paleosuchus, i Kaw-sumpene. [Herpetology in French Guiana. 3. Among Dwarf Caimans, Paleosuchus, in the Kaw marshland]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 43(4): 98-111.

Burmeister, W. 1972. Vergesellschaftung von Pseudemys scripta elegans mit Caiman crocodylus crocodylus. Aquarien Terrarien Monatschrift für Ornithologie und Vivarienkunde 19(1): 65.

Cabrera Pena, J.; Protti Quesada, M.; Urriola Hernandez, M.; Cubero Murillo, R. 2003. Distribucion y abundancia de Caiman crocodilus en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Cano Negro, Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51(2): 571-578.

Campos, Z.; Coutinho, M.; Magnusson, W.E. 2006. Natural history notes: Caiman crocodilus yacare (Pantanal Caiman). Aestivation. Herpetological Review 37(3): 343-344.

Campos, Z.; Coutinho, M.; Mourao, G.; Bayliss, P.; Magnusson, W.E. 2006. Long distance movements by Caiman crocodilus yacare: implications for management of the species in the Brazilian Pantanal. Herpetological Journal 16(2): 123-132.

Campos, Z.; Magnusson, W.E.; Sanaiotti, T.; Coutinho, M. 2008. Reproductive trade-offs in Caiman crocodilus crocodilus and Caiman crocodilus yacare: implications for size-related management quotas. Herpetological Journal 18(2): 91-96.

Carpenter, K. 2009. Role of lateral body bending in crocodylian track making. Ichnos 16(3): 202-207.

Carteya, P.E.J. 1990. Handling program for the cayman, Caiman crocodilus, in Venezuela. Development and perspectives. IUCN (International Union For Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Publications New Series 9(1): 146-160.

Castro-Herrera, F.; Valencia-Aguilar, A.; Villaquiran, D. 2013. [Evaluation of the population of 'babillas' in the wetlands of the south - west of the island Gorgona, Colombian Pacific]. (In Spanish). Herpetotropicos 9(1-2): 19-23.

Censky, E.J.; Kaiser, H. 1999. The Lesser Antillean fauna. pp. 181-221. In: Crother, B.I. (ed.). Caribbean amphibians and reptiles. Academic Press, San Diego. 495 pp.

Chaeychomsri, W.; Chaeychomsri, S.; Tuntirungkij, M.; Tabthipwon, P.; Noparatnaraporn, N.; Siripholvat, V. 2008. Characterization of microsatellite markers in the Siamese crocodile and amplification in the closely related genus Crocodylus. Kasetsart Journal Natural Sciences 42(4): 682-692.

Claro, L.H.; Mendonca, A.F.; Silveira, C.L. da; Soares, F.J.; Vasconcelos, E. 2002. Distribuicao de Caiman crocodilus (Alligatoridae) no Lago Camaleao, Ilha da Marchantaria, Amazonas, Brasil. pp. 54-55. In: Zuanon, J. & Venticinque, E. (eds.). Amazonian Forest Ecology: field course 2002. 2nd ed. Ecologia da Floresta Anazonica: curso de campo 2002. Segunda edicao. Projeto Dinamica Biologica de Fragmentos Florestais, Manaus. 163 pp.

Cleuren, J.; Aerts, P.; Vree, F. de 1995. Bite and joint force analysis in Caiman crocodilus. Belgian Journal of Zoology 125(1): 79-94.

Colomine, G.; Santiago, R.; Molina, C.; Vasquez, W. 1996. Status and habitat occupation of a wild population of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus (Crocodylia - Alligatoridae) on the southwestern bank of the Orinoco River, Venezuela. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales la Salle 54(142) [1994]: 129-140.

Costa Pereira, A.; Malvasio, A. 2014. Síntese das características da ordem Crocodylia, fatores de influência em estudos populacionais e aspectos de seleção e uso de habitat para Caiman crocodilus e Melanosuchus niger no Estado do Tocantins, Brasil. Biota Amazônia 4(1): 111-118.

Crocodile Specialist Group. 1996. Caiman crocodilus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. www.iucnredlist.org (viewed 8 May 2015).

Cunha, F.A.G.; Leitão Barboza, R.S.; Rebêlo, G.H. 2016. Communal nesting of Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in Amazon forest floodplain, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 9: 141-144.

d'Alessandro, S.E.; Ernst, C.H. 1995. Additional geographical records for reptiles in Virginia. Herpetological Review 26(4): 212-214.

Dathe, H. 1960. Schwanz-Regeneration beim Brillenkaiman. Natur und Volk 90: 289-92.

Dieffenbach, C.O. 1975. Thermal preferences and thermoregulation in Caiman crocodilus. Copeia 1975(3): 530-540.

Dieter, C. 2001. The Spectacled Caiman. Reptile & Amphibian Hobbyist 6(8): 8-12, 14-16.

Di-Poi, N.; Milinkovitch, M.C. 2013. Crocodylians evolved scattered multi-sensory micro-organs. EvoDevo 4: 1-15.

Dixon, J.R.; Staton, M.A. 1983. Caiman crocodilus (caiman, lagarto, baba, babilla, cuajipalo, cayman). pp. 387-388. In: Janzen, D.H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 816 pp.

Drews, C. 1990. Dominance or territoriality? The colonisation of temporary lagoons by Caiman crocodilus L. (Crocodylia). Herpetological Journal 1(11): 514-521.

Drongelen, W. van; Dullemeijer, P. 1982. The feeding apparatus of Caiman crocodilus, a functional-morphological study. Anatomischer Anzeiger 151(4): 337-366.

Ellis, T.M. 1980. Caiman crocodilus: an established exotic in south Florida. Copeia 1980(1): 152-154.

Eloy Seijas, A. 1986. Situacion actual de las poblaciones de babas y babillas (Caiman crocodilus) en la region norte-costera de Venezuela. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Publications New Series 7: 28-36.

Erickson, G.M. 1996. Daily deposition of dentine in juvenile Alligator and assessment of tooth replacement rates using incremental line counts. Journal of Morphology 228(2): 189-194.

Escobedo-Galvan, A.H. 2008. Estructura poblacional y proporcion de sexos en Caiman crocodilus en Cano Negro, Costa Rica. Iheringia Serie Zoologia 98(4): 489-492.

Escobedo-Galván, A.H.; Casas-Andreu, G.; Barrios-Quiroz, G. 2015. On the occurrence of Caiman crocodilus in Oaxaca, Mexico: a misunderstanding for over 140 years. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2(2): 220–223.

Escobedo-Galván, A.H.; Cupul-Magaña, F.G.; Velasco, J.A. 2011. Misconceptions about the taxonomy and distribution of Caiman crocodilus chiapasius and C. crocodilus fuscus (Reptilia: Crocodylia: Alligatoridae). Zootaxa 3015: 66-68.

Escobedo-Galvan, A.H.; Gonzalez-Maya, J.F. 2006. Estructura poblacional y proporcion de sexos del caiman (Caiman crocodilus) en el Rio Sierpe, Costa Rica. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 22(2): 151-153.

Escobedo-Galván, A.H.; Velasco, J.A.; González-Maya, J.F.; Resetar, A. 2015. Morphometric analysis of the Rio Apaporis Caiman (Reptilia, Crocodylia, Alligatoridae). Zootaxa 4059(3): 541-554.

Escobedo-Galván, A.H.; Venegas-Anaya, M.; Espinal, M.R.; Platt, S.G.; Buitrago, F. 2010. Conservation of crocodilians in Mesoamerica. pp. 746-757. In: Wilson, L.D.; Townsend, J.H.; Johnson, J.D. (eds.). Conservation of Mesoamerican amphibians and reptiles. Eagle Mountain Publishing, LC, Eagle Mountain, Utah. 812 pp.

Farias, I.P.; Silveira, R. da; Thoisy, B. de; Monjelo, L.A.; Thorbjarnarson, J.B.; Hrbek, T. 2004. Genetic diversity and population structure of Amazonian crocodilians. Animal Conservation 7(3): 265-272.

Ferreira, R.L.; Henriques, A.L.; Rafael, J.A. 2002. Activity of tabanids (Insecta: Diptera: Tabanidae) attacking the reptiles Caiman crocodilus (Linn.) (Alligatoridae) and Eunectes murinus (Linn.) (Boidae), in the Central Amazon, Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro) 97(1): 133-136.

Fleishman, L.J.; Rand, A.S. 1989. Caiman crocodilus does not require vision for underwater prey capture. Journal of Herpetology 23(3): 296.

Forrero-Medina, G.; Castaño-Mora, O.V.; Rodriguez-Melo, M. 2006. Ecologia de Caiman crocodilus fuscus en San Andres Isla, Colombia: un estudio preliminar. Caldasia 28(1): 115-124.

Friers, J.; Flaherty, J.P. 2016. Natural history notes: Caiman crocodilus (Spectacled Caiman). Diet. Herpetological Review 47(1): 131.

Galvan, A.H.E. 2006. Temperature variation in nests of Caiman crocodilus (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae). Acta Herpetologica 1(2): 131-134.

Garrick, L.D.; Garrick, R.A. 1978. Temperature influences on hatchling Caiman crocodilus fuscus distress calls. Physiological Zoology 51(2): 105-113.

Garrick, L.D.; Saiff, E.I. 1974. Observations on submergence reflexes of Caiman sclerops. Journal of Herpetology 8(3): 231-235.

Gatten, R.E. 1980. Metabolic rates of fasting and recently fed spectacled caimans (Caiman corcodilus). Herpetologica 36(4): 361-364.

Glastra, R. 1983. Notes on a population of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus depleted by hide hunting in Surinam. Biological Conservation 26(2): 149-162.

Goeldi, E.A. 1897. Die Eier von 13 brasilianischen Reptilien, nebst Bemerkungen über Lebens- und Fortpflanzungsweise letzterer. Zoologische Jahrbücher (Syst.) 10: 640-676.

Gonzalez Acosta, J.A. 1996. Aspectos reproductivos de la babilla Caiman crocodilus fuscus (Cope 1868), en condiciones de cautiverio. Acta Biologica Colombiana 3(1): 117-127.

Gorzula, S. 1985. Are caimans always in distress? Biotropica 17(4): 343-344.

Gorzula, S.; Paolini, J.; Thorbjarnarson, J. 1988. Some hydrochemical and hydrological characteristics of crocodilian habitats. Tropical Freshwater Biology 1(1): 50-61.

Gorzula, S.; Seijas, A.E. 1989. The common caiman. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Publications New Series (Spec. Publ): 44-61.

Gorzula, S.J. 1977. The ecology of the speckled caiman in the Venezuelan Guyana. Herpetological Review 8(3): 9.

Gorzula, S.J. 1978. An ecological study of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus inhabiting savanna lagoons in the Venezuelan Guayana. Oecologia (Berlin) 35(1): 21-34.

Grant, P.B.C.; Lewis, T.R. 2010. High speed boat traffic: a risk to crocodilian populations. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 5(3): 456-460.

Grant, P.B.C.; Lewis, T.R.; Laduke, T.C.; Ryall, C. 2008. Natural history notes: Caiman crocodilus (Spectacled Caiman). Opportunistic foraging. Herpetological Review 39(3): 345-346.

Grant, P.B.C.; Lewis, T.R.; Laduke, T.C.; Ryall, C. 2009. Natural history notes: Caiman crocodilus (Spectacled Caiman). Opportunistic foraging. Herpetological Review 40(1): 80-81.

Grant, P.B.C.; Woudneh, M.B.; Ross, P.S. 2013. Pesticides in blood from Spectacled Caiman (Caiman crocodilus) downstream of banana plantations in Costa Rica. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 32(11): 2576-2583.

Guerrero, S.M.; Calderon, M.L.; Perez, G.R. de; Ramírez-Pinilla, M.P. 2003. Annual reproductive activity of Caiman crocodilus fuscus in captivity. Zoo Biology 22(2): 121-133.

Gutierrez el Juri, S.E. 1990. Utilization of the musculature of the spectacled cayman (Caiman crocodilus) as a food resource; its processing. pp. 167-172. In: Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - the World Conservation Union Convened at Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., 23rd to 27th April 1990. Vol. 2. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland. 345 pp.

Haghighi, A.; Tellez, M. 2017. Nature notes: Size-related habitat partitioning of yearling, juvenile, and subadult Caiman crocodilus in the Refugio Bartola region of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(1): 173-174.

Hagmann, G. 1906. Die Eier von Gonatodes humeralis, Tupinambis nigropunctatus und Caiman sclerops. 3. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Lebens- und Fortpflanzungsweise der brasilianischen Reptilien. Zoologische Jahrbücher (Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere) (Jena) 24: Unpaginated.

Hayes, F.E.; Eitniear, J.C. 2002. First record of the Spectacled Caiman Caiman c. crocodilus for Chacachacare, Bocas Islands, Trinidad and Tobago. Living World 2002: 57-58.

Hemdal, J. 1992. The caiman in captivity. Freshwater and Marine Aquarium 15(9): 88, 90.

Herron, J.C. 1991. Growth rates of black caiman Melanosuchus niger and spectacled caiman Caiman crocodilus, and the recruitment of breeders in hunted caiman populations. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55(1): 103-113.

Herron, J.C. 1994. Body size, spatial distribution, and microhabitat use in the caimans, Melanosuchus niger and Caiman crocodilus, in a Peruvian lake. Journal of Herpetology 28(4): 508-513.

Hilgert, R. 1974. Caiman crocodilus apaporiensis Medem 1955 im Terrarium. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 27(10): 356-358.

Hirschfeld, K. 1966. Paarung und Eiablage der Brillenkaimane im Vivarium Kehl. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 19: 151-154.

Hirschfeld, K. 1966. Zucht von Krokodil-Kaimanen (Caiman crocodilus) im Vivarium Kehl. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 19: 308-310.

Hirschfeld, K. 1967. Der Kaiman-Nachwuchs im Vivarium Kehl. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 20: 217-219.

Hirschfeld, K. 1969. Die Geburt eines Krokodil-Kaimans. Aquarien Magazin 2: 52-55.

Hodl, W. 1978. Schreckrufe von Caiman crocodylus (Allegatoridae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 81 [1977]: 305-306.

Holmback, E. 1981. Reproduction of the brown caiman Caiman crocodilus fuscus at the San Antonio Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 21: 77-79.

Hoogesteijn, R.; Chapman, C.A. 1997. Large ranches as conservation tools in the Venezuelan llanos. Oryx 31(4): 274-284.

Hunt, H.R. 1969. Breeding of spectacled caiman, Caiman c. crocodylus at Atlanta Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 9: 36-37.

IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group. 1996. Caiman crocodilus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996: e.T46584A11062106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T46584A11062106.en.

Janke, A.; Erpenbeck, D.; Nilsson, M.; Arnason, U. 2001. The mitochondrial genomes of the iguana (Iguana iguana) and the caiman (Caiman crocodylus): implications for amniote phylogeny. Proceedings Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 268(1467): 623-631.

Jones, D.R.; Gardner, M. 2010. Ring around the heart: an unusual feature of the crocodilian central circulatory system. Australian Zoologist 35(2): 146-153.

Krieg, H. 1928. Biologische Reisestudien in Südamerika. VIII. Caiman sclerops Schmalschnauziger Brillen-kaiman. Zeitschrift Morph. Ökol. Tiere (Berlin) 10: 162-173.

Krysko, K.L.; Granatosky, M.C.; Fratto, Z.W.; Kline, J.L.; Rochford, M.R. 2010. Natural history notes: Caiman crocodilus (Spectacled Caiman). Prey. Herpetological Review 41(3): 348-349.

Kunz, K. 2005. Das Überleben des schmackhaften Grünen Leguans - Neue Wege beim Art- und Habitatschutz für Iguana iguana, mit Anmerkungen zu Caiman crocodilus fuscus. Reptilia (D) 9(50): 74-80.

Laverty, T.M.; Dobson, A.P. 2013. Dietary overlap between Black Caimans and Spectacled Caimans in the Peruvian Amazon. Herpetologica 69(1): 91-101.

Leitão Barboza, R.S.; Costa, J.F.R. da; Andrade, A.F.; Brito Pezzuti, J.C. de; Rebêlo, G.H. 2012. [Signs of predation on eggs of Caiman crocodilus (spectacled caiman) by Saimiri sp. (squirrel monkey)]. (In Portuguese). Neotropical Primates 19(1): 24-27.

Macip-Rios, R.; Fernandez-Aguilar, M.; Barrios-Quiroz, G.; Casas-Andreu, G. 2012. Indirect morphological measures to infer body size in a wild population of the Chiapas Spectacled Caiman, Caiman crocodilus chiapasius (Bocourt, 1876). Herpetological Conservation and Biology 7(3): 367-375.

Magnusson, W.E.; Sanaiotti, T.M. 1995. Growth of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus in central Amazonia, Brazil. Copeia 1995(2): 498-501.

Marcellini, D.L. 1979. Activity patterns and densities of Venezuelan caiman (Caiman crocodilus) and pond turtles (Podocnemis vogli). pp. 263-270. In: Eisenberg, J.F. Vertebrate Ecology in the Northern Neotropics. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 271 pp.

Marioni, B.; Silveira, R. da; Magnusson, W.E.; Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 2008. Feeding behavior of two sympatric caiman species, Melanosuchus niger and Caiman crocodilus, in the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Herpetology 42(4): 768-772.

Martinez, C.C.; Duenas, C. 2007. Observaciones preliminares de Caiman crocodilus en el Area Natural Protegida Santa Rita y El Zanjon El Chino, El Salvador. Mesoamericana 10(4): 34-36.

Medem, F. 1955. A new subspecies of Caiman sclerops from Colombia. Fieldiana Zoology 37: 339-344.

Medem, F. 1964. Los reptiles acuaticos de la Hoya del Sinu. pp. 110-152. In: Dahl, G. & Medem, F. Informe sobre la fauna acuatica del Rio Sinu. Corporacion Autonoma de los Valles del Magdalena y de Sinu, Magdalena. 160 pp.

Mikyska, M. 1975. [The spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) - an interesting representative of the crocodiles]. (In Czech). Ziva 23(1): 38.

Miller, W.A 1970. Tooth replacement patterns in young Caiman sclerops. Journal of Morphology 130: 501-510.

Mishra, S.B. 1986. Caiman bred at the Kukrail Crocodile Breeding Centre, Lucknow, U.P. Hamadryad 11(3): 18.

Moldowan, P.D.; Laverty, T.M.; Emmans, C.J.; Stanley, R.C. 2016. Diet, gastric parasitism, and injuries of caimans (Caiman, Melanosuchus, and Paleosuchus) in the Peruvian Amazon. South American Journal of Herpetology 11(3): 176-182.

Moreno-Arias, R.A.; Ardila-Robayo, M.C.; Martínez-Barreto, W.; Suarez-Daza, R.M. 2013. [Population ecology of spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) in Magdalena River Valley (Cundinamarca, Colombia)]. (In Spanish). Caldasia 35(1): 25-36.

Murphy, J.C. 1986. Babiche: the crocodilian with many names. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 21(1-2): 4-13.

Navarre, B.J.S. de la 2004. Case report: foreign body recovery in a Spectacled Caiman (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus). Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 11: 29-34.

Oliveira, D.P.; Marioni, B.; Farias, I.P.; Hrbek, T. 2014. Genetic evidence for polygamy as a mating strategy in Caiman crocodilus. Journal of Heredity 105(4): 485-492.

Olmos, F.; Barbosa-Souza, M.F. 1991. Caiman crocodilus in the 'Caatinga' of southeastern Piaui, Brazil. Herpetological Review 22(1): 28-29.

Orga, G. 2003. Il caimano fosco. Quaderni del Museo Zoologico (Avellino) 6: 11-14.

Ouboter, P.E. 1996. Ecological studies on crocodilians in Suriname: niche segregation and competition in three predators. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam. 145 pp.

Ouboter, P.E.; Lurly, M.R. 1984. Some notes on the ecology of Caiman crocodylus in northern Surinam. Lacerta 43(2): 22-27.

Ouboter, P.E.; Nanhoe, L.M.R. 1987. Notes on nesting and parental care in Caiman crocodilus crocodilus in northern Suriname and an analysis of crocodilian nesting habits. Amphibia-Reptilia 8(4): 331-348.

Ouboter, P.E.; Nanhoe, L.M.R. 1988. Habitat selection and migration of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus in a swamp and swamp-forest habitat in northern Suriname. Journal of Herpetology 22(3): 283-294.

Ouboter, P.E.; Nanhoe, L.M.R. 1989. Notes on the dynamics of a population of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus in northern Suriname and its implications for management. Biological Conservation 48(4): 243-264.

Ouboter, P.E.; Peeters, G.M.T. 1993. The annual cycle of the spectacled caiman. Monographiae Biologicae 70: 215-222.

Peaker, M. 1967. Rearing young caymans. Aquarist and Pondkeeper 32: 46-47.

Perez, A.T. 2001. Estrategia de nidificacion del Caiman crocodilus crocodilus (Baba) en Caicara del Orinoco, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundacion la Salle de Ciencias Naturales 59(152): 105-114.

Perez-Talavera, A.T. 2000. Crecimiento del Caiman crocodilus crocodilus en cautiverio. Interciencia 25(9): 442-446.

Pérez-Talavera, A.T. 2010. [Body temperature evaluation of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus (baba) in two conditions of captivity]. (In Spanish). Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia 44(1): 41-50.

Pérez-Talavera, A.T. 2010. [Influence of weight and the egg length in the hatchling length and weight of the Caiman crocodilus crocodilus (baba)]. (In Spanish). Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia 44(1): 1-6.

Powell, J.H. 1971. The status of crocodilians in the United States, Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. pp. 72-82. In: Crocodiles. Proceedings of the first working meeting of crocodile specialists sponsored by the New York Zoological Society and organized by the Survival Service Commission, lUCN, at the Bronx Zoo, New York 15-17 March 1971. lUCN, Switzerland. 191 pp.

Pritz, M.B. 1995. The thalamus of reptiles and mammals: similarities and differences. Brain Behavior and Evolution 46(4-5): 197-208.

Pritz, M.B. 1996. Spinally projecting neurons of the dorsal column nucleus in a reptile: locus of origin and trajectory of termination. Brain Behavior and Evolution 47(3): 138-148.

Ramo, C.; Busto, B. 1990. Inventario herpetologico (anfibios y reptiles) de las sabanas inundables del Modulo Fernando Corrales (Mantecal) estudo apure. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 49-50(131-134): 287-308.

Ramos, S.; Danielewski, S.; Colomine, G. 1981. Contribucion a la ecologia de los vetebrados acuaticos en esteros y Bajios de Sabana Moduladas. Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales Boletin 36(139): 79-103.

Rebelo, G.H.; Magnusson, W.E. 1983. An analysis of the effect of hunting on Caiman crocodilus and Melanosuchus niger based on the sizes of confiscated skins. Biological Conservation 26(2): 95-104.

Rebelo, G.H.E.; Lugli, L. 2001. Distribution and abundance of four caiman species (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in Jau National Park, Amazonas, Brazil. Revista de Biologia Tropical 49(3-4): 1095-1109.

Rivas, J.A.; Thorbjarnarson, J.B.; Munoz, M.C.; Owens, R.Y. 1999. Natural history notes: Eunectes murinus (Green Anaconda). Caiman predation. Herpetological Review 30(2): 101.

Rivero-Blanco, C.; d'Andria, B. 1986. Censos de Caiman crocodilus una variacion metodologica. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Publications New Series 7: 59-61.

Roberto, I.J.; Botero-Arias, R. 2013. The distress call of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in western Amazonia, Brazil. Zootaxa 3647(4): 593-596.

Rodriguez Arvelo, G.; Robinson, M.D. 1986. Estudio del crecimiento en cautiverio de la baba, Caiman crocodilus durante sus primeros meses de vida. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Publications New Series 7: 62-79.

Rodriguez, M.M.A. 1988. Anotaciones sobre el crecimiento de neonatos y juveniles de Caimon crocodilus fuscus (Cope, 1868), (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae). Trianea 1: 71-77.

Rodriguez, M.M.A. 1988. El crecimiento de neonatos y juveniles de Caiman sclerops fuscus Cope 1868 (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae). Lozania 55: 1-8.

Rodriguez, M.M.A. 1989. Tres modelos de crecimiento en longitud de neonatos y juveniles de Caiman crocodilus fuscus (Cope, 1968), (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) en cautiverio. Trianea 3: 61-66.

Romero, G.A. 1983. Distress call saves a Caiman c. crocodilus hatchling in the Venezuelan Llanos. Biotropica 15(1): 71.

Ron, S.R.; Vallejo, A.; Asanza, E. 1998. Human influence on the wariness of Melanosuchus niger and Caiman crocodilus in Cuyabeno, Ecuador. Journal of Herpetology 32(3): 320-324.

Ron, S.R.; Vallejo, J.A.; Vries, T. de 1999. Influencia de factores abioticos en conteos nocturnos del caiman negro Melanosuchus niger y del caiman blanco Caiman crocodilus en la Amazonia Ecuatoriana. Revista de la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador 64: 95-112.

Sachs, W.B. 1969. Schockeinwirkung auf einen Brillenkaiman, Caiman crocodilus. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 22: 126-127.

Salinero, M.C.; Michalski, F. 2016. Implications of scientific collaboration networks on studies of aquatic vertebrates in the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS ONE 11(6): e0158413.

Schaller, G.B.; Crawshaw, P.G. 1982. Fishing behaviour of Paraguayan caiman (Caiman crocodilus). Copeia 1982(1): 66-72.

Schneider, L.; Eggins, S.; Maher, W.; Vogt, R.C.; Krikowa, F.; Kinsley, L.; Eggins, S.M.; Silveira, R. da 2015. An evaluation of the use of reptile dermal scutes as a non-invasive method to monitor mercury concentrations in the environment. Chemosphere 119: 163-170.

Schneider, L.; Pacheco Peleja, R.; Kluczkovski, A.; Martínez-Freire, G.; Marioni, B.; Vogt, R.C.; Silveira, R. da 2012. Mercury concentration in the Spectacled Caiman and Black Caiman (Alligatoridae) of the Amazon: implications for human health. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 63(2): 270-279.

Seidl, F. 1963. Beobachtungen an einem Caiman crocodilus. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 16: 88-89.

Seijas, A.E. 1986. Estimaciones poblacionales de babas (Caiman crocodilus) en los llanos occidentales de Venezuela. Vida Silvestre Neotropical 1(1): 24-30.

Seijas, A.E.; Cuevas-L., H.; Gonzalez, N. 2003. Adaptacion al medio natural de babas (Caiman crocodilus) criadas en cautiverio. Interciencia 28(6): 340-346.

Seijas, A.E.; Ramos, S. 1980. Caracteristicas de la dieta de la baba (Caiman crocodilus) durante la estacion seca en las sabanas moduladas del Estado Apure, Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 10(4): 373-389.

Seijas-Y., A.E. 1996. Coexistencia de babas y caimanes en la region costera Venezolana. pp. 217-253. In: Pefaur, J.E. (ed.). Herpetologia Neotropical. Actas del II Congreso Latinoamericano de Herpetologia. II volumen. Universidad de los Andes, Consejo de Publicaciones, Merida. 451 pp.

Siebenrock, F. 1926. Die Brillenkaimane von Brasilien. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien 76: 29-39.

Silveira, R. da; Campos, Z.; Thorbjarnarson, J.B.; Magnusson, W.E. 2013. Growth rates of black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) and spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) from two different Amazonian flooded habitats. Amphibia-Reptilia 34(4): 437-449.

Silveira, R. da; Magnusson, W.E. 1999. Diets of spectacled and black caiman in the Anavilhanas Archipelago, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 33(2): 181-192.

Silveira, R. da; Magnusson, W.E.; Campos, Z. 1997. Monitoring the distribution, abundance and breeding areas of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus and Melanosuchus niger in the Anavilhanas Archipelago, central Amazonia, Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 31(4): 514-520.

Silveira, R. da; Magnusson, W.E.; Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 2008. Factors affecting the number of caimans seen during spotlight surveys in the Mamiraua Reserve, Brazilian Amazonia. Copeia 2008(2): 425-430.

Silveira, R. da; Ramalho, E.E.; Thorbjarnarson, J.B.; Magnusson, W.E. 2010. Depredation by jaguars on caimans and importance of reptiles in the diet of jaguar. Journal of Herpetology 44(3): 418-424.

Silveira, R. da; Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 1999. Conservation implications of commercial hunting of black and spectacled caiman in the Mamiraua Sustainable Development Reserve, Brazil. Biological Conservation 88(1): 103-109.

Staton, M.A.; Dixon, J.R. 1975. Studies on the dry season biology of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus from the Venezuelan Llanos. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 101: 237-265.

Staton, M.A.; Dixon, J.R. 1977. Breeding biology of the spectacled caiman, Caiman crocodilus crocodilus, in the Venezuela Llanos. Wildlife Res. Rep. 5: 1-21.

Steffen, V.; Steffen, S. 1999. Haltung und Nachzucht des gewöhnlichen Brillen- oder Krokodilkaimans Caiman crocodilus crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758). Sauria (Berlin) 21(1): 33-37.

Stejneger, L.H. 1936. Types of the amphibian and reptilian genera proposed by Laurenti in 1768. Copeia 1936(3): 133-141.

Stribrny, R. 1978. Nachzucht von Caiman crocodilus fuscus in der Gefangenschaft. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 31(12): 422-424.

Stribrny, R. 1979. [Care in captivity of the caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) and its reproduction]. (In Czech). Ziva 27(4): 148-149.

Sung, H.; Tellez, M.; Merchant, M. 2017. Natural history notes: Crocodylus acutus (American Crocodile), Crocodylus moreletii (Morelet’s Crocodile), Caiman crocodilius chiapasius (Chiapas Spectacled Caiman). Herpetological Review 48(2): 431-432.

Taplin, L.E.; Grigg, G.C.; Harlow, P.; Ellis, T.M.; Dunson, W.A. 1982. Lingual salt glands in Crocodylus acutus and C. johnstoni and their absence from Alligator mississipiensis and Caiman crocodilus. Journal of Comparative Physiology 149(1): 43-47.

Tejado, C. 2012. [Abundance of Melanosuchus niger Spix, 1825, Paleosuchus trigonatus Schneider, 1801 y Caiman crocodilus L., 1758 within the Mazan river basin (Amazonas, Peru)]. (In Spanish). Munibe (Ciencias Naturales - Natur Zientziak) 60: 113-130.

Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 1991. An analysis of the spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) harvest program in Venezuela. pp. 217-235. In: Robinson, J.G. & Redford, K.H. (eds.). Neotropical wildlife use and conservation. Chicago University Press, Chicago. 520 pp.

Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 1993. Diet of the spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in the central Venezuelan llanos. Herpetologica 49(1): 108-117.

Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 1993. Fishing behavior of spectacled caiman in the Venezuelan llanos. Copeia 1993(4): 1166-1171.

Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 1994. Reproductive ecology of the spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in the Venezuelan llanos. Copeia 4: 907-919.

Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 1995. Dry season diel activity patterns of spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in the Venezuelan llanos. Amphibia-Reptilia 16(4): 415-421.

Thorbjarnarson, J.B.; Velasco, A. 1998. Venezuela's caiman harvest program. An historical perspective and analysis of its conservation benefits. Wildlife Conservation Society Working Paper 11: 1-66.

Thorbjarnarson, J.B.; Velasco, A. 1999. Economic incentives for management of Venezuelan caiman. Conservation Biology 13(2): 397-406.

Torralvo, K.; Rabelo, R.M. 2018. Natural history notes: Melanosuchus niger (Black Caiman) and Caiman crocodilus (Spectacled Caiman). Nesting. Herpetological Review 49(1): 113-114.

Trutnau, L. 1990. Zur Kenntnis des Krokodilkaimans Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758). Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 12(64): 25-34.

Vasconcelos, W.R.; Hrbek, T.; Silveira, R. da; Thoisy, B. de; Marioni, B.; Farias, I.P. 2006. Population genetic analysis of Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758) from South America. Genetics and Molecular Biology 29(2): 220-230.

Velasco, A.; Colomine, G.; Sola, R. de; Villarroel, G. 2003. Effects of sustained harvests on wild populations of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus in Venezuela. Interciencia 28(9): 544-548.

Velasco, B.A.; Quero, M.; Sola, R. de 1996. Management and harvesting of caiman in Venezuela. Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission 12: 15, 57-58.

Velazco, A.; Ayarzagüena, J. 1992. Population status of the spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in the Venezuelan plain. pp. 184-191. In: IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles: proceedings of the 11th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - the World Conservation Union convened at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 2 to 7 August 1992. Vol. 2. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland. 283 pp.

Velsco, A.; Ayarzagüena, J. 1992. Status de las poblaciones de baba (Caiman crocodilus) sometidas a aprovechamiento. pp. 192-199. In: IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles: proceedings of the 11th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - the World Conservation Union convened at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 2 to 7 August 1992. Vol. 2. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland. 283 pp.

Venegas-Anaya, M.; Crawford, A.J.; Galvan, A.H.E.; Sanjur, O.I.; Densmore, L.D.; Bermingham, E. 2008. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of Caiman crocodilus in Mesoamerica and South America. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A-Ecological Genetics and Physiology 309A(10): 614-627.

Veras Batista, V.B.G.; Abrahão-Morato, S.A.; Anderson, P. 2011. Natural history notes: Caiman crocodilus (Spectacled Caiman). Prey. Herpetological Review 42(2): 269-270.

Vergne, A.L.; Aubin, T.; Martin, S.; Mathevon, N. 2012. Acoustic communication in crocodilians: information encoding and species specificity of juvenile calls. Animal Cognition 15(6): 1095-1109.

Villamarin, F.; Jardine, T.D.; Bunn, S.E.; Marioni, B.; Magnusson, W.E. 2017. Opportunistic top predators partition food resources in a tropical freshwater ecosystem. Freshwater Biology 62(8): 1389-1400

Villamarin, F.; Marioni, B.; Thorbjarnarson, J.B.; Nelson, B.W.; Botero-Arias, R.; Magnusson, W.E. 2011. Conservation and management implications of nest-site selection of the sympatric crocodilians Melanosuchus niger and Caiman crocodilus in Central Amazonia, Brazil. Biological Conservation 144(2): 913-919.

Viloria-Lagares, T.A.; Moreno-Arias, R.A.; Bloor, P. 2017. Assessment of American Crocodile, Crocodylus acutus (Crocodylidae), and Brown Caiman, Caiman crocodilus fuscus (Alligatoridae), populations in the Paramillo National Natural Park, Colombia. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12(1): 24-32

Voigt, K.H. 2002. Beobachtungen bei der Haltung von Caiman crocodilus. Elaphe 10(1): 27-30.

Voigt, K.H. 2008. Krokodilschwanz bei Caiman crocodilus nachgewachsen. Elaphe 16(2): 43.

Warkentin, T.; Kessner, R. 2011. Erfolgreiches Nachzucht-Jahr in der Reptilienabteilung des Zoo-Aquariums Berlin. Bongo 41: 51-56.

Webb, G.; Brien, M.; Manolis, C.; Medrano-Bitar, S. 2012. Predicting total lengths of Spectacled Caiman (Caiman crocodilus) from skin measurements: a tool formanaging the skin trade. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 7(1): 16-26.

Wever, E.G.; Vernon, J.A. 1957. Auditory responses in the spectacled caiman. Journal cell. comp. Physiol. 50: 333-339.

Wilms, T. 2004. Planung, Bau und Betrieb von Anlagen zur Haltung von Brillenkaimanen, Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758), im "Reptilium - Terrarien- und Wüstenzoo", Landau. Draco 5(4) (20): 20-27.

Winstel, A. 1988. The herpetofauna of Trinidad. Herptile 13(1): 22-33.

Caiman latirostris

Achaval, F.; Gonzalez, J.C. 1983. Sobre un nido con huevos de Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1801) (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) de la Isla Zapallo, Depto. de Artigas, Uruguay. Boletin de la Sociedad Zoologica del Uruguay Segunda Epoca 1: 36-43.

Achaval, F.; San Martin, H. 1983. Presencia del 'yacare de hocico ancho' Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1801) (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae), en el Departamento de Rocha, Uruguay. Boletin de la Sociedad Zoologica del Uruguay Segunda Epoca 1: 11-15.

Amavet, P.S.; Cesar Vilardi, J.; Rosso, E.; Saidman, B. 2009. Genetic and morphometric variability in Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman), Reptilia, Alligatoridae. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A-Ecological Genetics and Physiology 311A(4): 258-269.

Amavet, P.S.; Rosso, E.; Markariani, R.; Larriera, A. 2008. Estudios genetico-poblacionales de Caiman latirostris (Reptilia, Alligatoridae) en Santa Fe, Argentina: una revision a traves del tiempo. Instituto Superior de Correlacion Geologica (INSUGEO) Miscelanea 17(1): 211-217.

Amavet, P.S.; Rosso, E.; Markariani, R.; Pina, C.I. 2008. Microsatellite DNA markers applied to detection of multiple paternity in Caiman latirostris in Santa Fe, Argentina. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A-Ecological Genetics and Physiology 309A(10): 637-642.

Amavet, P.S.; Rosso, E.L.; Markariani, R.M.; Larriera, A. 2007. Analysis of the population structure of Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris), in Santa Fe, Argentina, using the RAPD technique. Journal of Herpetology 41(2): 294-300.

Amavet, P.S.; Rueda, E.C.; Vilardi, J.C.; Siroski, P.; Larriera, A.; Saidman, B.O. 2017. The broad-snouted caiman population recovery in Argentina. A case of genetics conservation. Amphibia-Reptilia 38(4): 411–424.

Amavet, P.S.; Vilardi, J.C.; Rueda, E.C.; Larriera, A.; Saidman, B.O. 2012. Mating system and population analysis of the broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) using microsatellite markers. Amphibia-Reptilia 33(1): 83-93.

Astori, E.D 1985. Notas sobre la conducta social de Caiman latirostris chacoensis Freiberg y Carvalho, 1965, "yacare overo o nato" en cautiverio (Crocodylia - Alligatoridae). Boletin Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 2(4): 10-13.

Barboza, N.N.; Mussart, N.B.; Coppo, J.A.; Fioranelli, S.A.; Koza, G.A. 2008. El medio interno de Caiman latirostris en cautiverio. Influencia del sexo, crecimiento y estacion del ano. Revista Veterinaria - Corrientes 19(1): 33-41.

Barboza, N.N.; Panseri, A.F.; Mussart, N.B.; Koza, G.A.; Coppo, J.A. 2011. Nutritional indicators variations in "yacares" (Caiman latirostris) fed on different diets in a hatchery from Chaco, Argentina. Revista Veterinaria - Corrientes 22(1): 43-51.

Barlocco Sisto, N.F. 1986. Anfibios y reptiles. Fundacion Hanns-Seidel. Utilizacion Racional de la Flora y la fauna autoctonas del Uruguay. Tomo 2. Fauna. Grupode Trabajo de Flora y Fauna de la F.U.C.C.Y.T., Montevideo. 190 pp. Pp. 135-142.

Bassetti, L.A.B.; Marques, T.S.; Malvasio, A.; Piña, C.I.; Verdade, L.M. 2014. Thermoregulation in captive broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris). Zoological Studies 53: 9.

Borges, V.S.; Santiago, P.C.; Lima, N.G.S.; Coutinho, M.E.; Eterovick, P.C.; Carvalho, D.C. 2018. Evolutionary significant units within populations of Neotropical Broad-Snouted Caimans (Caiman latirostris, Daudin, 1802). Journal of Herpetology 52(3): 282-288.

Borges, V.S.; Santiago, P.C.; Lima, N.G.S.; Coutinho, M.E.; Eterovick, P.C.; Carvalho, D.C. 2018. Evolutionary significant units within populations of Neotropical Broad-Snouted Caimans (Caiman latirostris, Daudin, 1802). Journal of Herpetology 52(3): 282-288.

Bornschein, M.R.; Belmonte-Lopes, R.; Reinert, B.L.; Abrahão-Morato, S.A. 2012. Natural history notes: Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman). Floating nest. Herpetological Review 43(3): 476.

Borteiro, C.; Gutierrez, F.; Tedros, M.; Kolenc, F. 2008. Conservation status of Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in disturbed landscapes of northwestern Uruguay. South American Journal of Herpetology 3(3): 244-250.

Borteiro, C.; Gutierrez, F.; Tedros, M.; Kolenc, F. 2009. Food habits of the Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris: Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) in northwestern Uruguay. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 44(1): 31-36.

Borteiro, C.; Prigioni, C.; Garcia, J.E.; Tedros, M.; Gutierrez, F.; Kolenc, F. 2006. Geographic distribution and conservation status of Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) in Uruguay. Phyllomedusa 5(2): 97-108.

Braun, P.C. 1973. Sobre uma postura de Caiman latlrostris (Daudin, 1802) - (Crocodilia, Alligatoridae). Iheringia (Zoologia) 44: 50-54.

Brito, S.P.; Andrade, D.V.; Abe, A.S. 2003. Do caimans eat fruit? Herpetological Natural History 9(1): 95-96.

Campos, Z.; Mourao, G. 1995. Natural history notes: Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman). Nesting. Herpetological Review 26(4): 203-204.

Caramaschi, U.; Soares, M.A. 1995. An invalid neotype designation for Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1802) (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae). Journal of Herpetology 29(1): 136-137.

Carl, N.J.; Darlington, J. 2017. Extended parental care in Broad-Snouted Caiman Caiman latirostris (Daudin,1801) (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae). Herpetology Notes 10: 127-129.

Carretero, M.A.; Llorente, G.A.; Montori, A.; Santos, X.; Guix, J.C.; Calle, A.; Hornero, M.J.; Lope, S.; Pascual, M.; Perez, A.; Roca, V. 1996. Valoracion del estado de las poblaciones de Caiman latirostris en Intervales. pp. 8-12. In: Mateos, E. & Manosa, S. (eds.). Memoria de resultados del segundo viaje de reconocimiento cientifico a regiones poco conocidas del Parque Estadual Intervales, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona. 1 fiche (Colleccio MICRO).

Carvalho, E.A.R.; Veras Batista, V.B.G. 2013. Distribution and abundance of Caiman latirostris and Paleosuchus palpebrosus at Grande Sertao Veredas National Park, Central Brazil. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 8(3): 771-777.

Cedillo-Leal, C.; Simoncini, M.S.; Leiva, P.M.L.; Larriera, A.; Lang, J.W.; Piña, C.I. 2017. Eggshell structure in Caiman latirostris eggs improves embryo survival during nest inundation. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 284(1854): 20162675

Chupil, H.; Monteiro-Filho, E.L. de A. 2017. Natural history notes: Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman). Diet and feeding behavior. Herpetological Review 48(1): 182.

Contreras, J.R. 1981. Estado actual y perspectivas conservacionistas de las poblaciones de yacares (Caiman crocodilus yacare (Daudin) y Caiman latirostris chacoensis Freiberg y Carvalho) en el Clamado 'sistema Ibera' (provincia de Corrientes, Argentina). Reunion Iberoamericana de Conservacion de Zoologia de Vertebrados 1980: 126.

Crea, M; Merler, J.; Quintana, R. 1989. Contribucion a la sistematica de Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1802) (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae). Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 20: 75-80.

Crocodile Specialist Group. 1996. Caiman latirostris. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. www.iucnredlist.org (viewed 8 May 2015).

Diefenbach, C.O.C. 1988. Thermal and feeding relations of Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia: Reptilia). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Comparative Physiology 89(2): 149-155.

Diffenbach, C.O.da, C. 1979. Ampullarid gastropod - staple food of Caiman latirostris? Copeia 1979(1): 162-163.

Donayo, P.; Pina, C.I.; Larriera, A. 2002. Periodo de incubacion, banda de calcificacion, peso de los huevos y desarrollo embrionario de Caiman latirostris a tres temperaturas diferentes. pp. 79-89. In: Larriera, A.; Verdade, L.M. (eds.). Conservaçao e manejo de jacares e crocodilos da America Latina. Vol. 2. C.N. Editoria, Piracicaba. 184 pp.

Ferguson, A.L.; Varricchio, D.J.; Piña, C.I.; Jackson, F.D. 2017. From eggs to hatchlings: nest site taphonomy of American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) and Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris). Palaios 32(5): 337-348

Filogonio, R.; Assis, V.B.; Passos, L.F.; Coutinho, M.E. 2010. Distribution of populations of broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris, Daudin 1802, Alligatoridae) in the Sao Francisco River basin, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 70(4): 961-968.

Freiberg, M.A.; Leitao de Carvalho, A. 1965. El yacare sudamericano Caiman latirostris (Daudin). Physis (Buenos Aires) 25(70): 351-360.

Fusco-Costa, R.; Castellani, T.T.; Tomas, W.M. 2008. Abundancia e locais de ocorrencia do jacare-de-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris, Alligatoridae) no noroeste da Ilha de Santa Catarina, SC. Biotemas 21(4): 183-187.

Gelabert, C.; Rositano, F.; Gónzalez, O. 2017. Sustainable use of caiman in Argentina: An analysis from the perspective of the stakeholders involved. Biological Conservation 212(A): 357-365

Grigg, G.C.; Beard, L.A.; Moulton, T.; Queiroz-Melo, M.T.; Taplin, L.E. 1998. Osmoregulation by the Broad-snouted Caiman, Caiman latirostris, in estuarine habitat in southern Brazil. Journal of Comparative Physiology B Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 168(6): 445-452.

Guix, J.C.; Santos, X.; Montori, A.; Llorente, G.A.; Carretero, M.A. 1997. Natural history notes: Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman). New populations and undescribed habitat. Herpetological Review 28(1): 41-42.

Guix, J.C.; Trinca, C.T.; Pisciotta, K. 2002. Population status of the Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris; Reptilia; Crocodylia). pp. 141-147. In: Mateos, E.; Guix, J.C.; Serra, A.; Pisciotta, K. (eds.). Censuses of vertebrates in a Brazilian Atlantic rainforest area: the paranapiacaba fragment. Centro de Recursos de Biodiversitat Animal, Barcelona. 1217 pp.

IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group. 1996. Caiman latirostris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996: e.T46585A11062418. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T46585A11062418.en.

Iungman, J.L.; Somoza, G.M.; Piña, C.I. 2015. Are stress-related hormones involved in the temperature-dependent sex determination of the Broad-snouted Caiman. South American Journal of Herpetology 10(1): 41-49.

Larriera, A. 1992. A program of monitoring and recovering of wild populations of caimans in Argentina with the aim of management the second year. pp. 261-269. In: IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles: proceedings of the 11th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - the World Conservation Union convened at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 2 to 7 August 1992. Vol. 2. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland. 283 pp.

Larriera, A. 1993. Clutch size and hatching success in Broad-snouted Caiman, Caiman latirostris (Crocodilia: Alligatorinae) in Santa Fe province, Argentina. Revista de la Asociacion de Ciencias Naturales del Litoral 22(1) [1991]: 19-23.

Larriera, A. 2002. Natural history notes: Caiman latirostris (Broad-shouted Caiman). Communal nesting. Herpetological Review 33(3): 202.

Larriera, A. 2011. Ranching the broad-snouted cayman (Caiman latirostris) in Argentina: an economic incentive for wetland conservation by local inhabitants. Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission 46: 86-92.

Larriera, A.; Barco, D. del; Imhof, A.; Finck, C. von 1992. Environmental variables and its incidence on Caiman latirostris counts. pp. 256-260. In: IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles: proceedings of the 11th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - the World Conservation Union convened at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 2 to 7 August 1992. Vol. 2. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland. 283 pp.

Larriera, A.; Imhof, A. 1994. Natural history notes: Caiman latirostris (Broad Snouted Caiman). Omphalopagus twins. Herpetological Review 25(2): 62-63.

Larriera, A.; Pina, C.I. 2000. Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman) nest predation: does low rainfall facilitate predator access? Herpetological Natural History 7(1): 73-77.

Larriera, A.; Pina, C.I.; Siroski, P.; Verdade, L.M. 2004. Allometry of reproduction in wild Broad-snouted Caimans (Caiman latirostris). Journal of Herpetology 38(2): 301-304.

Larriera, A.; Siroski, P.; Pina, C.I.; Imhof, A. 2006. Sexual maturity of farm-released Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in the wild. Herpetological Review 37(1): 26-28.

Marcó, M.V.P.; Leiva, P.; Iungman, J.L.; Simoncini, M.S.; Piña, C.I. 2017. New evidence characterizing temperature-dependent sex determination in Broad-snouted Caiman, Caiman latirostris. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12(1): 78-84

Marques, T.S.; Bassetti, L.A.B.; Lara, N.R.F.; Millan, C.H.; Piña, C.I.; Verdade, L.M. 2016. Population structure of the Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris) in natural and man-made water bodies associated with a silvicultural landscape. Salamandra 52(1): 1-10.

Micheli, M.A.; Campbell, H.A. 2008. Autonomic control of heart rate exhibits diurnal shifts in a crocodilian. Amphibia-Reptilia 29(4): 567-571.

Montini, J.P.; Pina, C.I.; Larriera, A.; Siroski, P.; Verdale, L.M. 2006. The relationship between nesting habitat and hatching success in Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae). Phyllomedusa 5(2): 91-96.

Moulton, T.P.; Magnusson, W.E.; Queiroz-Melo, M.T. 1999. Growth of Caiman latirostris inhabiting a coastal environment in Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 33(3): 479-484.

Mourao, G.; Campos, Z. 1995. Survey of Broad-snouted Caiman Caiman latirostris, marsh deer Blastocerus dichotomus and capybara Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris in the area to be inundated by Porto Primavera Dam, Brazil. Biological Conservation 73(1): 27-31.

Müller, P. 1971. Zum Vorkommen von Caiman latirostris (Daudin 1802) auf der Insel von Santa Catarina (Brasilien). Aqua Terra 8: 59-60.

Nóbrega, Y.C.; Nossa, D.N.; Machado, V.D.; Machado, Y.; Neves, D.N.S.; Tadokoro, C.E.; Santos, M.R.D. 2017. Natural history notes: Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman). Zoonosis. Herpetological Review 48(4): 838-839.

Nunez-Otano, N.B.; Imhof, A.; Bolcatto, P.G.; Larriera, A. 2010. Sex differences in the genitalia of hatchling Caiman latirostris. Herpetological Review 41(1): 32-35.

Osi, A.; Barrett, P.M. 2011. Dental wear and oral food processing in Caiman latirostris: analogue for fossil crocodylians with crushing teeth. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie Abhandlungen 261(2): 201-207.

Parachú Marcó, M.V.; Larriera, A.; Ignacio Piña, C. 2015. Red Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) effects on Broad-Snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris) nest success. Journal of Herpetology 49(1): 70-74.

Parachú Marcó, M.V.; Larriera, A.; Piña, C.I. 2013. Impacts of red imported fire ants Solenopsis invicta on survivorship of hatchlings of the broad-snouted caiman Caiman latirostris. Zoological Studies 52: 52.

Parachu Marco, M.V.; Pina, C.I. 2008. Hormigas coLoradas (Solenopsis invicta; Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en nidos de yacare overo (Caiman latirostris; Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) aleatorio o eleccion? Instituto Superior de Correlacion Geologica (INSUGEO) Miscelanea 17(1): 201-209.

Parachu Marco, M.V.; Pina, C.I.; Larriera, A. 2009. Food Conversion rate (FCR) In Caiman latirostris resulted more efficient at higher temperatures. Interciencia 34(6): 428-431.

Parachú Marcó, M.V.; Piña, C.I.; Larriera, A. 2012. Presence of Red Fire Ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) in Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris) nests. Journal of Herpetology 46(2): 228-232.

Parachú Marcó, M.V.; Piña, C.I.; Simoncini, M.; Alejandro, L. 2010. Effects of incubation and rearing temperatures on Caiman latirostris growth. Zoological Studies 49(3): 367-373.

Passos, L.F.; Coutinho, M.E.; Young, R.J. 2014. Demographic and growth analysis of Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris) in a disturbed environment in southeastern Brazil. Herpetological Journal 24(4): 223-228.

Pena, M.R. da le 1991. Hallazgo de un nido del yacare overo (Caiman latirostris). Boletin Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 6(1) [1990]: 6.

Piffer, T.R.O.; Verdade, L.M. 2002. Natural history notes: Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman). Courtship behavior. Herpetological Review 33(2): 132-133.

Pina, C.I. 2002. Natural history notes: Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman). Thermoregulation. Herpetological Review 33(2): 133.

Pina, C.I.; Imhof, A.; Frutos, N.; Medina, M.; Larriera, A. 2002. Tamano de postura y medidas de huevos de Caiman latirostris en las Provincias de Santa Fe y Entre Rios. pp. 127-134. In: Larriera, A.; Verdade, L.M. (eds.). Conservaçao e manejo de jacares e crocodilos da America Latina. Vol. 2. C.N. Editoria, Piracicaba. 184 pp.

Pina, C.I.; Larriera, A. 2002. Caiman latirostris growth: the effect of a management technique on the supplied temperature. Aquaculture 211(1-4): 387-392.

Pina, C.I.; Larriera, A. 2003. Natural history notes: Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman). Feeding. Herpetological Review 34(1): 56.

Pina, C.I.; Larriera, A.; Cabrera, M.R. 2003. Effect of incubation temperature on incubation period, sex ratio, hatching success, and survivorship in Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae). Journal of Herpetology 37(1): 199-202.

Pina, C.I.; Larriera, A.; Medina, M.; Webb, G.J.W. 2007. Effects of incubation temperature on the size of Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) at hatching and after one year. Journal of Herpetology 41(2): 205-210.

Pina, C.I.; Simoncini, M.; Larriera, A. 2005. Effects of two different incubation media on hatching success, body mass, and length in Caiman latirostris. Aquaculture 246(1-4): 161-165.

Pina, C.I.; Simoncini, M.; Siroski, P.; Larriera, A. 2007. Storage of Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) eggs in harvest containers: effects on hatchability. Aquaculture 271(1-4): 271-274.

Pina, C.I.; Siroski, P.; Larriera, A.; Lance, V.; Verdade, L.M. 2007. The temperature-sensitive period (TSP) during incubation of Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris) eggs. Amphibia-Reptilia 28(1): 123-128.

Pinheiro, M.S.; Lavorenti, A. 2001. Growth of broad-nosed caiman, Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1802) hatchlings, fed with diets of animal origin. Brazilian Journal of Biology 61(3): 421-429.

Queiroz Melo, M.T. 2002. Dieta do Caiman latirostris no sul do Brasil. pp. 119-125. In: Larriera, A.; Verdade, L.M. (eds.). Conservaçao e manejo de jacares e crocodilos da America Latina. Vol. 2. C.N. Editoria, Piracicaba. 184 pp.

Ribeiro Fincatti, C.; Verdade, L.M. 2002. Variacao termica microclimatica em estufa plastica e sua aplicacao para crescimento de filhotes de jacares. pp. 91-97. In: Larriera, A.; Verdade, L.M. (eds.). Conservaçao e manejo de jacares e crocodilos da America Latina. Vol. 2. C.N. Editoria, Piracicaba. 184 pp.

Rocha e Silva, R. da; Zuquim Antas, P. de T. 1981. Reproducao em cativeiro de Caiman latirostris (Daudin), o jacare de papo amarelo, no Jardim Zoologico do Rio de Janeiro. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 41(4): 883-885.

Sajdak, R.A.; Barros-Molina, F. de; Abramson, C. 1993. Behavioral thermoregulation in broad snout caiman Caiman latirostris in captivity with comments on behavioral enrichment. AAZPA Regional Conference Proceedings 1993: 512-519.

Sarkis Goncalves, F.; Castro, A.M.V.; Verdade, L.M.; Boscolo, F.N. 2002. Influencia da dieta na formaçao de ostedermos em filhotes de jacares-de-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris) em cativeiro. pp. 157-165. In: Larriera, A.; Verdade, L.M. (eds.). Conservaçao e manejo de jacares e crocodilos da America Latina. Vol. 2. C.N. Editoria, Piracicaba. 184 pp.

Schmidt Villela, P.M.; Coutinho, L.L.; Pina, C.I.; Verdade, L.M. 2008. Macrogeographic genetic variation in Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris). Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A-Ecological Genetics and Physiology 309A(10): 628-636.

Simoncini, M.S.; Cruz, F.B.; Larriera, A.; Piña, C.I. 2014. Effects of climatic conditions on sex ratios in nests of broad-snouted caiman. Journal of Zoology (London) 293(4): 243-251.

Simoncini, M.S.; Cruz, F.B.; Piña, C.I. 2013. Effects of environmental temperature on the onset and the duration of oviposition period of Caiman latirostris. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 8(2): 409-418.

Simoncini, M.S.; Parachú Marcó, M.V.; Portelinha, T.C.G.; Piña, C.I. 2016. Evaluation of factors associated with predation on Caiman latirostris nests (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in Argentina. Phyllomedusa 15(2): 137-146.

Simoncini, M.S.; Piña, C.I.; Cruz, F.B.; Larriera, A. 2011. Climatic effects on the reproductive biology of Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae). Amphibia-Reptilia 32(3): 305-314.

Simoncini, M.S.; Pina, C.I.; Siroski, P.; Cruz, F.B.; Larriera, A. 2008. Proporcion de sexos de neonatos de Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) producidos en la naturaleza. Instituto Superior de Correlacion Geologica (INSUGEO) Miscelanea 17(1): 231-237.

Simoncini, M.S.; Pina, C.I.; Siroski, P.A. 2009. Clutch size of Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) varies on a latitudinal gradient. North-Western Journal of Zoology 5(1): 191-196.

Soledad Fernandez, M.; Soledad Simoncini, M.; Dyke, G. 2013. Irregularly calcified eggs and eggshells of Caiman latirostris (Alligatoridae: Crocodylia). Naturwissenschaften 100(5): 451-457.

Souza Filho, G.A. de; Verrastro, L.V. 2012. Reptiles of the Parque Estadual de Itapua, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Check List 8(5): 847-851.

Souza, G.V. de; Freitas, T.S. de 1998. Geographic distribution: Caiman latirostris (Broadsnout Spectacled Caiman, Jacare Do Papo Amarelo). Herpetological Review 29(3): 173.

Starck, J.M.; Cruz-Neto, A.P.; Abe, A.S. 2007. Physiological and morphological responses to feeding in broad-nosed caiman (Caiman latirostris). Journal of Experimental Biology 210(12): 2033-2045.

Trinca, C.T.; Guix, J.C. 2003. Natural history notes: Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman). Behavior. Herpetological Review 34(3): 243.

Turner, J.R.G.; Andrews, M.; McGregor, A. 1986. Drinking crocodile tears: the only use for a butterfly? Antenna 10(3): 119-120.

Vaz Ferreira, R.; Achaval, F. 1980. Nidificacion y nacimiento de Caiman latirostris latirostris (Daudin, 1802). Reunion Iberoamericana de Zoologas de Vertebrades 1 [1977]: 385-396.

Verdade, L.M. 1992. Agonistic social behaviour of broad-nosed caiman (Caiman latirostris) in captivity: implications to reproductive management. pp. 201-217. In: IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles: proceedings of the 11th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - the World Conservation Union convened at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 2 to 7 August 1992. Vol. 2. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland. 283 pp.

Verdade, L.M. 1999. Natural history notes: Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman). Behavior. Herpetological Review 30(1): 38-39.

Verdade, L.M. 2001. Allometry of reproduction in Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris). Brazilian Journal of Biology 61(3): 431-435.

Verdade, L.M. 2003. Cranial sexual dimorphism in captive adult Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris). Amphibia-Reptilia 24(1): 92-99.

Verdade, L.M.; Lavorenti, A. 1990. Preliminary notes on the status and conservation of Caiman latirostris in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Directions of the captive breeding, reintroduction and management program. pp. 231-237. In: Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - the World Conservation Union Convened at Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., 23rd to 27th April 1990. Vol. 2. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland. 345 pp.

Verdade, L.M.; Lavorenti, A.; Michelotti, F.; Rangel, M.C.; Cullen, L.; Ernandes, M.M. 1992. Preliminary notes on nesting biology of the broad-nosed caiman (Caiman latirostris) in Sao Paulo, Brazil. pp. 227-232. In: IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles: proceedings of the 11th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - the World Conservation Union convened at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 2 to 7 August 1992. Vol. 2. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland. 283 pp.

Verdade, L.M.; Pina, C.I.; Araujo, J.L.O. 2006. Diurnal use of space by captive adult Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris): Implications for pen design. Aquaculture 251(2-4): 333-339.

Verdade, L.M.; Pina, I.I. 2006. Caiman latirostris. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 833: 1-21.

Verdade, L.M.; Santiago, M.E.B. 1992. Status of captive population of broad-nosed caiman (Caiman latirostris) in Brazil. pp. 219-225. In: IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. Crocodiles: proceedings of the 11th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - the World Conservation Union convened at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 2 to 7 August 1992. Vol. 2. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland. 283 pp.

Verdade, L.M.; Sarkis Goncalves, F.; Miranda-Vilela, M.P.; Bassetti, L.A.B. 2003. New record of age at sexual maturity in captivity for Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman). Herpetological Review 34(3): 225-226.

Verdade, L.M.; Sarkis, F. 1998. Age at first reproduction in captive Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted Caiman). Herpetological Review 29(4): 227-228.

Verdade, L.M.; Zucoloto, R.B.; Coutinho, L.L. 2002. Microgeographic variation in Caiman latirostris. Journal of Experimental Zoology 294(4): 387-396.

Waller, T. 1987. El yacare negro, Caiman yacare y el yacare overo, Caiman latirostris, dos crocodilios argentinos seriamente amenazados de extincion. En Peligro de Extincion 1(3): 6-9.

Widholzer, F.L.; Borne, B.; Tesche, T. 1986. Breeding the broad-nosed caiman Caiman latirostris in captivity. International Zoo Yearbook 24-25 [1984-1985]: 226-230.

Yanosky, A.A. 1990. Histoire naturelle du caiman a museau large (Caiman latirostris), un alligatorine mal connu (1). Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie 17(1): 19-31.

Yanosky, A.A. 1994. A population of Caiman latirostris at 800 m above sea level. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 30(3): 108-113.

Yanosky, A.A. 1995. Spacing and aggression between Caiman latirostris and Caiman yacare. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 31(1): 1-9.

Yanosky, A.A.; Mercolli, C. 1993. Manejo en cautiverio del caiman overo (Caiman latirostris) y del caiman negro (Caiman yacare) en la Reserva Ecologica El Bagual (Argentina). Archivos de Zootecnia 42(158): 203-210.

Yu, T.C.; Chang, Y.C. 1987. Studies on the culture of Alligatoridae, Caiman latirostris. Bulletin of Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute 43: 345-350.

Yu, T.C.; Tung, T.Y. 1985. Studies on the culture of alligator, Caiman latirostris. Bulletin of Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute 38: 89-93.

Yu, T.C.; Tung, T.Y. 1987. Studies on the culture of two kinds of crocodile (Caiman latirostris and Alligator mississippiensis). Bulletin of Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute 42: 211-215.

Yu, T.C.; Tung, T.Y. 1988. Studies on the culture of Alligatoridae, Caiman latirostris and Alligator mississippiensis. Bulletin of Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute 44: 119-125.

Yu, T.C.; Tung, T.Y. 1989. Studies on the culture of Alligatoridae, Caiman latirostris and Alligator mississippiensis. Bulletin of Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute 46: 139-143.

Yu, T.C.; Tung, T.Y. 1991. Studies on the artificial breeding of caimans (Caiman latirostris). Bulletin of Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute 50: 101-105.

Yves, A.; Campos Lima, L.M.; Bassetti, L.A.B.; Marques, T.S.; Sousa, B.M. de 2018. Illegal hunting in a protect area: impacts on the broad-snouted caiman Caiman latirostris in the Rio Doce State Park, southeast Brazil. Herpetology Notes 11: 765-768.

Zucoloto, R.B.; Verdade, L.M.; Villela, P.M.S.; Regitano, L.C.A.; Coutinho, L.L. 2009. Parentage test in Broad-snouted Caimans (Caiman latirostris, Crocodylidae) using microsatellite DNA. Genetics and Molecular Biology 32(4): 874-881.

Caiman yacare

Andrade, M.A.; Leite, E.; Carvalho, C.E.A. 2001. Predaçao de jovem do jacare-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare) pelo gaviao-padre (Busarellus nigricollis) no Pantanal Sul Mato-grossense, Brasil: um registro fotografico. Tangara 1(2): 88-89.

Andreotti, R. 1995. Proteinases e inibidores no plasma do Caiman crocodilus yacare (Daudin, 1803). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 55(3): 503-508.

Aparecida-Santos, S.; Silva-Pinheiro, M.; Andreotti e Silva, R.; Fernandes, G.H. 1994. Composicao quimica corporal de Caiman crocodilus yacare. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 54(4): 611-616.

Azevedo, F.C.C.; Verdade, L.M. 2012. Predator-prey interactions: jaguar predation on caiman in a floodplain forest. Journal of Zoology (London) 286(3): 200-207.

Brazaitis, P.; Rebelo, G.H.; Yamashita, C. 1998. The distribution of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus and Caiman yacare populations in Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia 19(2): 193-201.

Brock, J. 1960. Panzerechsen im Zimmer II. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 13: 50-53.

Campbell, H.A.; Micheli, M.A.; Abe, A.S. 2008. A seasonally dependent change in the distribution and physiological condition of Caiman crocodilus yacare in the Paraguay River Basin. Wildlife Research 35(2): 150-157.

Campos, Z. 1993. Effect of habitat on survival of eggs and sex ratio of hatchlings of Caiman crocodilus yacare in the Pantanal, Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 27(2): 127-132.

Campos, Z. 2003. Natural history notes: Caiman crocodilus yacare (Pantanal Caiman). Food-related movement. Herpetological Review 34(2): 140-141.

Campos, Z.; Coutinho, M.; Magnusson, W.E. 2003. Terrestrial activity of Caiman in the Pantanal, Brazil. Copeia 2003(3): 628-634.

Campos, Z.; Coutinho, M.; Magnusson, W.E. 2005. Field body temperatures of caimans in the Pantanal, Brazil. Herpetological Journal 15(2): 97-106.

Campos, Z.; Magnusson, W. 1995. Relationships between rainfall, nesting habitat and fecundity of Caiman crocodilus yacare in the Pantanal, Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology 11(3): 351-358.

Campos, Z.; Magnusson, W.E. 2011. Emergence behaviour of yacare caimans (Caiman crocodilus yacare) in the Brazilian Pantanal. Herpetological Journal 21(1): 91-94.

Campos, Z.; Magnusson, W.E.; Sanaiotti, T.; Coutinho, M. 2008. Reproductive trade-offs in Caiman crocodilus crocodilus and Caiman crocodilus yacare: implications for size-related management quotas. Herpetological Journal 18(2): 91-96.

Campos, Z.; Mourao, G. 2015. Camera traps capture images of predators of Caiman crocodilus yacare eggs (Reptilia: Crocodylia) in Brazil's Pantanal wetlands. Journal of Natural History 49(15-16): 977-982.

Campos, Z.; Mourao, G.; Coutinho, M.; Magnusson, W.E. 2014. Growth of Caiman crocodilus yacare in the Brazilian Pantanal. PLoS ONE 9(2): e89363.

Campos, Z.; Mourao, G.; Coutinho, M.; Magnusson, W.E.; Soriano, B.M.A. 2015. Spatial and temporal variation in reproduction of a generalist crocodilian, Caiman crocodilus yacare, in a seasonally flooded wetland. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0129368.

Cekalovic, K.T.; Artigas, J.N. 1981. Catalogo de los tipos depositados en la coleccion del Departamento de Zoologia de la Universidad de Concepcion, Chile. (Parte 3). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion 51(2): 75-107.

Cintra, R. 1985. Nascimento de filhotes de Caiman yacare (Daudin, 1802) (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) em condicoes semi naturais no Pantanal Matogrossense. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo) 36(10): 91-101.

Cintra, R. 1988. Nesting ecology of the Paraguayan caiman (Caiman yacare) in the Brazilian Pantanal. Journal of Herpetology 22(2): 219-222.

Cintra, R. 1989. A comparison of sizes of caiman in hunted and non hunted areas in the Brasilian Pantanal. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Publications New Series 8: 125-127.

Cintra, R. 1989. Maternal care and daily pattern of behavior in a family of caimans, Caiman yacare in the Brazilian Pantanal. Journal of Herpetology 23(3): 320-322.

Contreras, J.R. 1981. Estado actual y perspectivas conservacionistas de las poblaciones de yacares (Caiman crocodilus yacare (Daudin) y Caiman latirostris chacoensis Freiberg y Carvalho) en el Clamado 'sistema Ibera' (provincia de Corrientes, Argentina). Reunion Iberoamericana de Conservacion de Zoologia de Vertebrados 1980: 126.

Coutinho, M.; Campos, Z. 1996. Effect of habitat and seasonality on the densities of caiman in southern Pantanal, Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology 12(5): 741-747.

Coutinho, M.; Campos, Z.; Bampi, I.; Dal'Ava, F. 1998. Preliminary report for the management system of yacare caiman in the Pantanal: a proposal for future research and the development of a monitoring system for wild population subjected to nest harvests. Ciencia e Cultura (São Paulo) 50(1): 60-64.

Coutinho, M.E.; Campos, Z. 2002. A utilizacao de populacoes naturais de jacare (Caiman crocodilus yacare) como mecanismo de conservaçao do Pantanal. pp. 47-59. In: Larriera, A.; Verdade, L.M. (eds.). Conservaçao e manejo de jacares e crocodilos da America Latina. Vol. 2. C.N. Editoria, Piracicaba. 184 pp.

Coutinho, M.E.; Campos, Z.; Cardoso, F.; Massara, P.; Castro, A. 2001. Reproductive biology and its implication for management of caiman Caiman yacare in the Pantanal Wetland, Brazil. pp. 229-243. In: Grigg, G.C.; Seebacher, F.; Franklin, C.E. (eds.). Crocodilian biology and evolution. Surrey Beatty, Chipping Norton. 446 pp.

Crawshaw, P.G. 1991. Effects of hunting on the reproduction of the Paraguayan caiman (Caiman yacare) in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil. pp. 145-153. In: Robinson, J.G. & Redford, K.H. (eds.). Neotropical wildlife use and conservation. Chicago University Press, Chicago. 520 pp.

Crawshaw, P.G. 1995. Nesting ecology and management of the Paraguayan caiman (Caiman yacare) in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 39(7): 175-199.

Crawshaw, P.G.; Schaller, G.B. 1980. Nesting of Paraguayan caiman (Caiman yacare) in Brazil. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo) 33(18): 283-292.

Crocodile Specialist Group. 1996. Caiman yacare. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. www.iucnredlist.org (viewed 8 May 2015).

Dinets, V. 2013. Do individual crocodilians adjust their signaling to habitat structure. Ethology Ecology & Evolution 25(2): 174-184.

Evangelista, M.M.; Andrade, M.L.F. de; Almeida, S.M.; Buso Junior, A.A. 2012. [Predation of Caiman yacare (Spix, 1825) (Crocodilia, Alligatoridae) by Busarellus nigricollis (Latham, 1790) (Accipitriformes, Accipitridae) in the Taiama Ecological Station, Alto Pantanal, State of Mato Grosso]. (In Portuguese). Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 20(2): 73-74.

Gelabert, C.; Rositano, F.; Gónzalez, O. 2017. Sustainable use of caiman in Argentina: An analysis from the perspective of the stakeholders involved. Biological Conservation 212(A): 357-365

IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group. 1996. Caiman yacare. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996: e.T46586A11062609. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T46586A11062609.en.

Kofron, C.P.; Farris, P.A. 2015. Infrasound production by a yacare caiman Caiman yacare in the Pantanal, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 8: 385-387.

Medem, P. 1960. Notes on the Paraguay caiman, Caiman yacare Daudin. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 36: 129-142.

Melo-Neto, J.E. de; Ignacio, A.R.A. 1992. Populacao de Caiman crocodilus yacare no Sudeste de Mato Grosso. Revista do Instituto Florestal (Sao Paulo) 4(4) (Edicao Especial): 1225-1226.

Miranda, M.P.; Moraes, G.V. de; Martins, E.N.; Maia, L.C. 1999. Incubacao artificial a 28°C e crescimento inicial de jacare do pantanal (Caiman crocodilus yacare) em diferentes temperaturas. Acta Scientiarum 21(3): 613-617.

Mourao, G.; Campos, Z.; Coutinho, M.; Abercrombie, C. 1996. Size structure of illegally harvested and surviving caiman Caiman crocodilus yacare in Pantanal, Brazil. Biological Conservation 75(3): 261-265.

Mourao, G.; Coutinho, M.; Mauro, R.; Campos, Z.; Tomas, W.; Magnusson, W.E. 2000. Aerial surveys of caiman, marsh deer and pampas deer in the Pantanal Wetland of Brazil. Biological Conservation 92(2): 175-183.

Olmos, F.; Sazima, I. 1990. A fishing tactic in floating Paraguayan caiman: the cross-posture. Copeia 1990(3): 875-877.

Parra Miranda, M.; Moraes, G.V. de; Nunes Martins, E.; Pinto Maia, L.C.; Rus Barbosa, O. 2002. Thermic variation in incubation and development of Pantanal Caiman (Caiman crocodilus yacare) (Daudin, 1802) kept in metabolic box. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45(3): 333-342.

Pinheiro, M.; Mourao, G.; Campos, Z.; Coutinho, M. 1997. Influencia da temperatura de incubacao na determinacao do sexo do jacare (Caiman crocodilus yacare). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 57(3): 383-391.

Pinheiro, M.S.; Andreotti e Silva, R.; Santos, S.A. 2001. Observations on the thermal selection of the Pantanal Caiman (Caiman crocodilus yacare) hatchlings (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 61(2): 323-327.

Restivo, C.; Rego, C.C.; Chebez, J.C.; Nigro, N.A. 2011. Un nuevo registro austral para El Yacare Negro / (Caiman yacare Daudin, 1802) (Reptilia: Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Notulas Faunisticas 68: 1-5.

Ribas, C.; Damasceno, G.; Magnusson, W.E.; Leuchtenberger, C.; Mourao, G. 2012. Giant otters feeding on caiman: evidence for an expanded trophic niche of recovering populations. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 47(1): 19-23.

Santos, S.A.; Nogueira, M.S.; Pinheiro, M.; Campos, Z.; Magnusson, W.E.; Mourao, G. 1996. Diets of Caiman crocodilus yacare from different habitats in the Brazilian Pantanal. Herpetological Journal 6(4): 111-117.

Sicuro, F.L.; Iack-Ximenes, G.E.; Wogel, H.; Bilate, M. 2013. Vocal patterns of adult females and juveniles Caiman yacare (Crocodilia: Alligatoridae) in Brazilian Pantanal wetland. Revista de Biologia Tropical 61(3): 1401-1413.

Silva, G.M. da; Milleo Costa, L.C. 2005. Descriçao dos padroes motores do Tupinambis merianae (Dumeril & Bilbron, 1839) (Squamata, Teiidae) e do Caiman crocodilus yacare (Daudin, 1802) (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) em cativeiro no Zoologico Municipal de Curitiba, Parana, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias 7(1): 93-109.

Vieira, L.M.; Nunes, V. da S.; Amaral, M.C. do A.; Oliveira, A.C.; Hauser-Davis, R.A.; Campos, R.C. 2011. Mercury and methyl mercury ratios in caimans (Caiman crocodilus yacare) from the Pantanal area, Brazil. JEM Journal of Environmental Monitoring 13(2): 280-287.

Waller, T. 1987. El yacare negro, Caiman yacare y el yacare overo, Caiman latirostris, dos crocodilios argentinos seriamente amenazados de extincion. En Peligro de Extincion 1(3): 6-9.

Werning, H. 2005. Caiman yacare (Daudin, 1802) Südlicher Brillenkaiman. Reptilia (D) 10(51): 51-54.

Yanosky, A.A. 1995. Spacing and aggression between Caiman latirostris and Caiman yacare. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 31(1): 1-9.

Yanosky, A.A.; Mercolli, C. 1993. Manejo en cautiverio del caiman overo (Caiman latirostris) y del caiman negro (Caiman yacare) en la Reserva Ecologica El Bagual (Argentina). Archivos de Zootecnia 42(158): 203-210.