Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
 
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Genus
Caiman
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True Caimans, Typical Caimans
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Echte Kaimane, Brillenkaimane
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Egentlige Kaimaner, Brillekaimaner
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1825 |  |
Caiman Spix (type species: Caiman fissipes Spix 1825) |
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1825 | |
Jacaretinga Spix (type species: Jacaretinga punctulatus Spix 1825; syn. Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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1844 | |
Jacare Gary (type species: Crocodilus yacare Daudin 1802; syn. Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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1862 | |
Cynosuchus Gray [not Cynosuchus Owen 1876 (Theromorpha)] (type species: Crocodilus latirostris Daudin 1802; syn. Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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1868 | |
Perosuchus Cope (type species: Perosuchus fuscus Cope 1868; syn. Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
Contents:
3 species, none of which are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
Sometimes only two species (crocodilus, latirostris) are recognized, and yacare is regarded as a subspecies of crocodilus.
An unidentified Caiman species has been reported from Martinique (Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012), apparently a vagrant individual.
Introduced to:
Cuba,
(incl.
Isla de la Juventud),
Puerto Rico
(incl.
Vieques),
USA
(Florida,
Georgia).
Distribution:
Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Distrito Federal,
Espirito Santo,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Paraiba,
Parana,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio de Janeiro
[incl.
Ilha Grande Island],
Rio Grande do Norte,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Santa Catarina,
São Paulo,
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
Colombia
(incl.
San Andres, Providencia & Santa Catalina:
San Andres],
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
El Salvador,
French Guiana,
Grenada,
Guatemala,
Guyana,
Honduras,
Martinique,
Mexico
(Chiapas,
Yucatan),
Nicaragua,
Panama,
Paraguay,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Tobago,
Trinidad),
Uruguay,
Venezuela.
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Caiman crocodilus
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Common Caiman, Spectacled Caiman, (Narrow-snouted Spectacled Caiman)
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Krokodilkaiman
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Brillekaiman
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1758 | |
Lacerta crocodilus Linnaeus |
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Caiman crocodilus Andersson 1900 |
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Jacaretinga crocodilus Werner 1933 |
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1801 | |
Crocodilus sclerops Schneider (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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Caiman sclerops Boulenger 1889 |
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1802 | |
Crocodilus caiman Daudin (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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1867 | |
Jacare hirticollis Gray (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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1868 | |
Perosuchus fuscus Cope (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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Caiman fuscus Schmidt 1928 |
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Jacaretinga crocodilus fuscus Werner 1933 |
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Caiman crocodilus fuscus Mertens 1943 |
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1876 | |
Alligator chiapasius Bocourt (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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1955 | |
Caiman sclerops apaporiensis Medem (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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Caiman crocodilus apaporiensis Wermuth & Mertens 1961 |
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1974 | |
Caiman crocodilus mattogrossoiensis Fuchs (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
Other common names:
apaporiensis: Apaporis River Caiman
fuscus: Brown Caiman
Remarks:
Previously included yacare.
A single record from 1928 from Carriacou, Grenada, apparently an occasional vagrant from the Orinoco (Daudin & de Silva 2007;
Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012).
The species has also been reported from Vieques [Puerto Rico] (Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012), apparently also a vagrant individual.
Although reported to occur in Bolivia (e.g., Dirksen 1995; Trutnau & Sommerlad 2006), presence in the country needs confirmation (Pincheira-Donoso 2002; Balaguera-Reina & Velasco 2019).
Introduced to:
Cuba
(incl.
Isla de la Juventud),
Puerto Rico
(incl.
Vieques),
USA
(Florida,
Georgia,
Iowa).
Distribution:
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Ceara,
Distrito Federal,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Piaui,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Tocantins),
Colombia
(incl.
San Andres),
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
El Salvador,
French Guiana,
Grenada,
Guatemala,
Guyana,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Chiapas,
Yucatan),
Nicaragua,
Panama,
Paraguay,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Tobago,
Trinidad),
Venezuela.
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Caiman crocodilus
© Rune Midtgaard
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Caiman latirostris
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Broad-snouted Caiman, Broad-nosed Caiman, (Broad-snouted Spectacled Caiman)
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Breitschnauzenkaiman
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Bredsnudet Kaiman, Bredsnudet Brillekaiman
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1801 | |
Crocodilus latirostris Daudin |
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Caiman latirostris Boulenger 1889 |
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1825 | |
Caiman fissipes Spix (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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1836 | |
Alligator cynocephalus Dumeril & Bibron (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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1965 | |
Caiman latirostris chacoensis Freiberg & Carvalho (Crea, Merler & Quintana 1989) |
Other common names:
chacoensis: Chaco Broad-nosed Caiman
latirostris: Common Broad-nosed Caiman
Remarks:
Correct publication year of the original description is 1801, not 1802 (Vanzolini 1977; Costa & Bérnils 2015).
Distribution:
Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Alagoas,
Bahia,
Espirito Santo,
Goias,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Paraiba,
Parana,
Pernambuco,
Rio de Janeiro
[incl.
Ilha Grande Island],
Rio Grande do Norte,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Santa Catarina,
São Paulo,
Sergipe),
Paraguay,
Uruguay.
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Caiman latirostris
© Rune Midtgaard
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Caiman yacare
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Paraguayan Caiman, Parana Caiman, Pantanal Caiman, Yacare
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Brillenkaiman
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Paraguay-kaiman
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1801 | |
Crocodilus yacare Daudin |
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Caiman yacare Schmidt 1928 |
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Jacaretinga crocodilus jacare Werner 1933 [substitute name] |
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Caiman crocodilus yacare Müller & Hellmich 1936 |
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1825 | |
Jacaretinga punctulatus Spix (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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1840 | |
Champsa vallifrons Natterer (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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1862 | |
Jacare longiscutata Gray (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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1862 | |
Jacare ocellata Gray (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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1867 | |
Jacare multiscutata Gray (Wermuth & Mertens 1977) |
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1974 | |
Caiman yacare medemi Donoso-Barros |
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1974 | |
Caiman crocodilus paraquaiensis [incorrect original spelling] Fuchs (Medem 1983) |
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Caiman crocodilus paraguayensis Wermuth & Mertens 1977 |
Remarks:
Sometimes regarded as a subspecies of crocodilus.
Validity as a separate species confirmed by and Busack & Pandya (2001).
Correct publication year of the original description is 1801, not 1802 (Vanzolini 1977; Costa & Bérnils 2015).
Distribution:
Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Rondonia,
São Paulo),
Paraguay.
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