Related bibliographies:
Reptiles
Snakes
Colubridae
North America
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Bibliography of the genus
Carphophis (North American Worm Snakes)
(Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae)
Note:
In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.
Carphophis in general
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Blanchard, F.N. 1924. The forms of Carphophis. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 4: 527-530.
Cadle, J.E. 1984. Molecular systematics of Neotropical xenodontine snakes. 3. Overview of xenodontine phylogeny and the history of New World snakes. Copeia 1984(3): 641-652.
Dunn, E.R. 1928. New Central American snakes in the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum Novitates 314: 1-4.
Ernst, C.H.; Orr, J.M.; Creque, T.R. 2003. Carphophis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 773: 1-2.
Gray, B.S. 2010. Distribution of native and exotic earthworms in the eastern United States: implications for the ecology of vermivorous snakes. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 45(5): 73-86.
Hubbs, C.L. 1932. The use of the generic name Ophis for an eel, a snake and a mollusc. Copeia 1932: 26-27.
Pauley, T.K. 1973. The status of the genus Carphophis in Ohio and West Virginia. Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science 45(1): 64-70.
Shepherd, J.L. 1974. Osteology of the worm snakes (Carphophis). Dissertation Abstracts International (B) 34(8): 4133-4134.
Smith, A.G. 1948. Intergradation in worm snakes (Carphophis) from Kentucky. Natural History Miscellanea (Chicago) 18: 1-3.
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Carphophis amoenus
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Allard, H.A. 1945. A color variant of the eastern worm snake. Copeia 1945: 42.
Barbour, R.W. 1950. The distribution of Carphophis amoena in Kentucky. Copeia 1950: 237.
Barbour, R.W. 1960. A study of the worm snake, Carphophis amoenus Say, in Kentucky. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 21: 10-16.
Barbour, R.W.; Harvey, M.J.; Hardin, J.W. 1969. Home range, movements, and activity of the eastern worm snake Carphophis amoenus amoenus. Ecology 50: 470-476.
Cook, D.G. 1986. Life history notes: Carphophis amoenus amoenus (Eastern Worm Snake). Coloration. Herpetological Review 17(2): 48.
Diefenbacher, E.H.; Pauley, T.K. 2009. Natural history notes: Carphophis amoenus helenea [helenae] (Midwest Worm Snake). Defensive behavior. Herpetological Review 40(1): 94-95.
Diefenbacher, E.H.; Pauley, T.K. 2014. Notes on the distribution and natural history of the Eastern Wormsnake (Carphophis amoenus amoenus) in West Virginia. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 21(4): 120–124.
Durso, A.M.; Holcomb, K.L.; Barnett, P.G. 2009. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus (Eastern Wormsnake). Herpetological Review 40(2): 237.
Elliott, T.F. 2016. Natural history notes: Coluber constrictor (North American Racer). Diet. Herpetological Review 47(3): 475.
Ernst, C.H.; Orr, J.M.; Creque, T.R. 2003. Carphophis amoenus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 774: 1-7.
Felix, Z.I.; Wang, Y.; Schweitzer, C.J. 2010. Abundance and population structure of Eastern Worm snakes in forest stands with varous levels of overstory tree retention. U S Forest Service General Technical Report SRS 121: 481-485.
Ferguson, D.E.; Bancroft, H.R. 1957. Distribution of Carphophis amoenus in Mississippi. Herpetologica 13: 245.
Fleming, M.; Pierson, T.W. 2018. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus (Common Wormsnake). Herpetological Review 49(3): 505.
Foster, N.; Brown, L. 2012. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus (Eastern Wormsnake). USA: Tennessee: Marshall Co. Herpetological Review 43(3): 447.
Foster, N.; Christensen, M. 2014. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus (Common Wormsnake). Herpetological Review 45(3): 464.
Godwin, C.D.; Moore, A.J. 2018. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus helenae (Midwestern Wormsnake). Herpetological Review 49(4): 717.
Gray, B.S. 2009. A Serpentes prelude: Carphophis amoenus, eastern Worm Snake. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 44(7): 116-117.
Gray, B.S. 2014. Carphophis amoenus amoenus (eastern wormsnake). Longevity. Herpetological Review 45(2): 256.
Gregory, M.; Khosravi, M. 2012. Carphophis amoenus amoenus (Eastern Wormsnake). VA: Fairfax County. Catesbeiana 32(2): 83.
Groves, M.F. 1946. Oviposition in the eastern worm snake. Maryland, Baltimore 16(4): 84.
Hamed, M.K. 2017. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus (Eastern Worm Snake). Herpetological Review 48(1): 127.
Harris, H.S. 2006. Translucent skin/scales in Carphophis amoenus amoenus. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 42(4): 188-189.
Harris, H.S. 2010. Fall mating observation in the Eastern Wormsnake, Carphophis amoenus amoenus, in Maryland. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 46(1-4): 20.
Harvey, M.J.; Hardin, J.W.; Harbour, R.W. 1968. Movements of the eastern worm snake, Carphophis amoenus amoenus. ASB Bull. 15: 39.
Hill, R.L. 2011. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus amoenus (Eastern Wormsnake). Herpetological Review 42(2): 242.
Ingrasci, M.J. 2003. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus (Worm Snake). USA: Illinois. Herpetological Review 34(3): 263.
Jones, K.S. 2014. Natural history notes: Carphophis amoenus (Eastern Worm Snake). Association with ants. Herpetological Review 45(4): 705-706.
Kapfer, J.M.; Slone, C. 2011. Natural history notes: Carphophis amoenus (Eastern Wormsnake). Defensive behavior. Herpetological Review 42(3): 437.
Klueh, S.; Jason Mirtl, J. 2013. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus helenae (Midwestern Wormsnake). Herpetological Review 44(2): 274.
Krusling, P.J.; Ferner, J.W. 1999. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus helenae (Midwest Worm Snake). Herpetological Review 30(2): 112.
Landowski, L.; Lodato, M.J.; Maves, A. 2010. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus (Eastern Wormsnake). Herpetological Review 41(1): 109.
Latham, R. 1969. Notes on the eastern worm snake on eastern Long Island. Engelhardtia 2(3): 17.
Lodato, M.J. 1974. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus helenae. USA: Indiana: Franklin Co. Herpetological Review 5(3): 70.
Manis, C.; Desrochers, D.; Adams, J.K. 2012. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus (Eastern Wormsnake). USA: Georgia: Whitfield Co. Herpetological Review 43(3): 447.
McDaniel, V.R.; Bounds, S.M.; Frazier, R.; Sutton, K.B. 1978. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus helenae. USA: Arkansas: Greene Co. Herpetological Review 9(4): 142.
Meade, L. 2002. The taxonomy, variation, and distribution of Worm Snakes, genus Carphophis (Reptilia, Colubridae), in Kentucky. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science 63(1): 1-7.
Mitchell, J.C.; Kirk, D.M. 1996. Carphophis amoenus amoenus (eastern worm snake). Catesbeiana 16(1): 13-14.
Mount, R.H. 1972. Distribution of the worm snake Carphophis amoenus (Say) in Alabama. Herpetologica 28(3): 263-266.
Muñoz, D.J. 2018. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus (Eastern Wormsnake). Herpetological Review 49(1): 74.
Nelson, S.K.; Altobelli, J.T. 2015. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus amoenus (Eastern Wormsnake). Herpetological Review 46(1): 61.
Orr, J.M. 2006. Microhabitat use by the eastern Worm Snake, Carphophis amoenus. Herpetological Bulletin 97: 29-35.
Pinou, T.; Vicario, S.; Marschner, M.; Caccone, A. 2004. Relict snakes of North America and their relationships within Caenophidia, using likelihood-based Bayesian methods on mitochondrial sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32(2): 563-574.
Reilly, E.M.; Rossi, J. 1981. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus amoenus. Herpetological Review 12(2): 65.
Roberts, B.E.; Gossman, S.J.; Palis, J.G.; Wendling, R.E.; Gootee, B.A. 2018. Natural history notes: Carphophis amoenus (Common Wormsnake). Climbing behavior. Herpetological Review 49(4): 749-750.
Roble, S.M. 2013. Ophiophagy in Red-shouldered Hawks (Buteo lineatus), with the first record of Eastern Wormsnakes (Carphophis amoenus) as prey. Banisteria 41: 80-84.
Rossman, D.A. 1973. Evidence for the conspecificity of Carphophis amoenus (Say) and Carphophis vermis (Kennicott). Journal of Herpetology 7(2): 140-141.
Russell, K.R.; Hanlin, H.G. 1999. Aspects of the ecology of worm snakes (Carphophis amoenus) associated with small isolated wetlands in South Carolina. Journal of Herpetology 33(2): 339-344.
Saik, J. 2012. Carphophis amoenus (eastern worm snake) VA: Warren County. Catesbeiana 32(2): 84.
Simmons, R.S.; Stine, C.J. 1961. Ankylosis and xanthism in the eastern worm snake. Herpetologica 17: 206-208.
Somma, M. 2012. Carphophis amoenus (Eastern Wormsnake). Catesbeiana 32(1): 36.
Stanback, M.T.; Mercadante, A.N. 2009. Eastern bluebirds provision nestlings with snakes. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science 125(1): 36-37.
Viney Baxter, S. de; Baxter, R.J.; Risch, T.S. 2006. An unusual prey item found in an eastern bluebird nest. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 60: 168.
Willson, J.D.; Dorcas, M.E. 2004. Aspects of the ecology of small fossorial snakes in the Western piedmont of North Carolina. Southeastern Naturalist 3(1): 1-12.
Winstel, A. 1988. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus (Worm Snake). Herpetological Review 19(1): 19-20.
Wright, R.A.S. 1991. Carphophus [Carphophis] amoenus (worm snake). Catesbeiana 11(1): 19.
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Carphophis vermis
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Bailey, R.M. 1939. Carphophis amoena vermis and Lampropeltis calligaster in Iowa. Copeia 1939(4): 218-220.
Brumwell, M.J. 1951. An ecological survey of the Fort Leavenworth Military Reservation. American Midland Naturalist 45(1): 187-231.
Clark, D.R. 1968. A proposal of specific status for the western worm lizard, Carphophis amoenus vermis (Kennicott). Herpetologica 24: 104-112.
Clark, D.R. 1968. An ecological study of the worm snake, Carphophis vermis. Dissertation Abstracts 29B: 2236.
Clark, D.R. 1970. Age-specific 'reproductive effort' in the worm snake Carphophis vermis (Kennicott). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 73(1): 20-24.
Clark, D.R. 1970. Ecological study of the worm snake Carphophis vermis (Kennicott). University of Kansas Publications of the Museum of Natural History 19(2): 85-194.
Collins, J.T. 2008. New records of amphibians, reptiles, and turtles in Kansas for 2007. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 25: 9-11.
Dloogatch, M. 1978. Eggs and hatchlings of the worm snake, Carphophis vermis (Kennicott). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 13(4): 99-100.
Ernst, C.H.; Orr, J.M.; Creque, T.R. 2003. Carphophis vermis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 775: 1-4.
Johnson, L.D.; Smith, G.R.; Rettig, J.E. 2004. Summer activity of small snakes in four habitats in northwestern Missouri. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 40(1): 47-52.
Lokke, J. 2003. Carphophis vermis (western Worm Snake). Journal of Kansas Herpetology 5: 10.
McAllister, C.T.; Robison, H.W. 2012. New geographic distribution records for amphibians and reptiles from Arkansas, USA. Herpetological Review 43(2): 316-317.
Pisani, G.R. 2007. New Kansas maximum sizes for Virginia valeriae and Carphophis vermis. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 22: 11.
Robison, H.W.; McAllister, C.T. 2008. Geographic distribution: Carphophis vermis (Western Wormsnake). Herpetological Review 39(1): 110.
Robison, H.W.; McAllister, C.T. 2012. Geographic distribution: Carphophis vermis (Western Worm Snake). USA: Arkansas: Howard Co. Herpetological Review 43(3): 447.
Rossman, D.A. 1973. Evidence for the conspecificity of Carphophis amoenus (Say) and Carphophis vermis (Kennicott). Journal of Herpetology 7(2): 140-141.
Sajdak, R.A. 1978. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenis vermis. USA: Wisconsin: Grant Co. Herpetological Review 9(2): 62.
Thurow, G.R. 1980. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus vermis. Herpetological Review 11(4): 116.
Tumlison, C.R.; Wiley, R.W. 1980. Geographic distribution: Carphophis amoenus vermis. Herpetological Review 11(1): 14-15.
Tumlison, R. 2014. Geographic distribution: Carphophis vermis (Western Wormsnake). Herpetological Review 45(3): 464-465.
Wright, A. 1986. Notes on defensive postures observed in captive specimens of the Western Worm Snake Carphophis amoenus vermis (Kennicott). Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 6(5): 167-170.
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