Bibliography of the genus Cnemidophorus / RepFocus

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Taxonomy of the genus Cnemidophorus

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Bibliography of the genus
Cnemidophorus (Southern Whiptails)

(Reptilia: Sauria: Teiidae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.

Cnemidophorus in general

Anderson, R.A.; Vitt, L.J. 1990. Sexual selection versus alternative causes of sexual dimorphism in teiid lizards. Oecologia (Heidelberg) 84(2): 145-157.

Ashton, K.G. 2003. Sexing Cnemidophorus lizards using a postanal scale character. Herpetological Review 34(2): 109-111.

Beargie, K. 1972. The cranial morphology of the teiid genus Cnemidophorus. Dissertation Abstracts International (B) 32(7): 3781.

Brown, W.A.; Wright, J.W. 1975. Mitochondrial DNA and the origin of parthenogenesis in whiptail lizards. Herpetological Review 6(3): 70-71.

Brown, W.M.; Wright, J.W. 1979. Mitochondrial DNA analyses and the origin and relative age of parthenogenetic lizards (genus Cnemidophorus). Science (Washington, D.C.) 203(4386): 1247-1249.

Burger, W.L. 1950. New, revived, and reallocated names for North American whiptailed lizards, genus Cnemidophorus. Natural History Miscellanea (Chicago) 65: 1-9.

Burt, C.E. 1931. A study of the teiid lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus with special reference to their phylogenetic relationships. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 154: 1-280.

Cabrera, M.R.; Carreira, S.; Verrastro, L.V. 2012. Abnormal colour pattern in a wild specimen of Cnemidophorus from the lacertoides species group (Squamata, Teiidae). Herpetology Notes 5: 185-186.

Capocaccia, L. 1962. Probabile partenogenesi naturale in Sauri del genere Cnemidophorus. Natura (Milano) 53: 109-110.

Case, T.J. 1979. Character displacement and coevolution in some Cnemidophorus lizards. Fortschritte der Zoologie 25(2-3): 235-282.

Case, T.J. 1983. Sympatry and size similarity in Cnemidophorus. pp. 297-325. In: Huey, R.B.; Pianka, E.R. & Schoener, T.W. (eds.). Lizard ecology: studies of a model organism. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England. 501 pp.

Cei, J.M.; Scrocchi, G. 1991. A poorly known and discussed species, Cnemidophorus leachei Peracca 1897, and general remarks on the genus Cnemidophorus in Argentina (Lacertilia, Teiidae). Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Bollettino (Turin) 9(1): 233-244.

Cole, C.J. 1978. Parthenogenetic lizards. Science (Washington, D.C.) 201(4361): 1154-1155.

Cole, C.J. 1979. Chromosome inheritance in parthenogenetic lizards and evolution of allopolyploidy in reptiles. Journal of Heredity 70(2): 95-102.

Cole, C.J. 1984. Unisexual lizards. Scientific American 250(1): 84-90.

Cole, C.J.; Dessauer, H.C. 1995. Unisexual lizards (genus Cnemidophorus) of the Madrean Archipelago. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report RM 264: 267-273, 650.

Cole, C.J.; Lowe, C.H.; Wright, J.W. 1969. Sex chromosomes in teiid whiptail lizards (genus Cnemidophorus). American Museum Novitates 2395: 1-14.

Cole, C.J.; Townsend, C.R. 1983. Sexual behaviour in unisexual lizards. Animal Behaviour 31(3): 724-728.

Congdon, J.D.; Vitt, L.J.; Hadley, N.F. 1975. Comparative egg energetics and reproductive effort in uniparental and biparental whiptailed lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus). Herpetological Review 6(3): 71.

Congdon, J.D.; Vitt, L.J.; Hadley, N.F. 1978. Parental investment: comparative reproductive energetics in bisexual and unisexual lizards, genus Cnemidophorus. American Naturalist 112(985): 509-521.

Congdon, J.D.; Vitt, L.J.; Hadley, N.F. 1981. Parthenogenetic lizards: r-selected reproductive characteristics. Reply to Schall. American Naturalist 117(2): 217-222.

Cope, E.D. 1892. A synopsis of the species of the teid genus Cnemidophorus. Transactions Am. Phil. Soc. 27: 27-52.

Crews, D. 1983. Regulation of reptilian reproductive behaviour. NATO ASI (Advanced Science Institutes) Series (A) (Life Sciences) 56: 997-1032.

Crews, D. 1989. Absence of temperature-dependent sex determination in congeneric sexual and parthenogeneric Cnemidophorus lizards. Journal of Experimental Zoology 252(3): 318-320.

Crews, D.; Fitzgerald, K.T. 1980. 'Sexual' behavior in parthenogenetic lizards (Cnemidophorus). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Biological Sciences 77(1): 499-502.

Crews, D.; Grassman, M.; Lindzey, J. 1986. Behavioural facilitation of reproduction in sexual and unisexual Whiptail Lizards. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Biological Sciences 83(24): 9547-9550.

Cuellar, O. 1968. Additional evidence for true parthenogenesis in lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus. Herpetologica 24: 146-150.

Cuellar, O. 1978. Parthenogenetic lizards. Science (Washington, D.C.) 201(4361): 1155.

Cuellar, O. 1979. On the ecology of coexistence in parthenogenetic and bisexual lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus. American Zoologist 19(3): 773-786.

Cullum, A.J. 1997. Comparisons of physiological performance in sexual and asexual Whiptail Lizards (genus Cnemidophorus): implications for the role of heterozygosity. American Naturalist 150(1): 24-47.

Cullum, A.J. 2000. Phenotypic variability of physiological traits in populations of sexual and asexual whiptail lizards (genus Cnemidophorus). Evolutionary Ecology Research 2(7): 841-855.

Densmore, L.D.; Moritz, C.C.; Wright, J.W.; Brown, W.M. 1989. Mitochondrial-DNA analyses and the origin and relative age of parthenogenetic lizards (genus Cnemidophorus). 4. Nine sexlineatus-group unisexuals. Evolution 43(5): 969-983.

Dessauer, H.C.; Cole, C.J. 1989. Diversity between and within nominal forms of unisexual teiid lizards. New York State Museum Bulletin 466: 49-71.

Dessauer, H.C.; Cole, C.J.; Townsend, C.R. 2000. Hybridization among Western Whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus tigris) in southwestern New Mexico: population genetics, morphology, and ecology in three contact zones. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 246: 1-148.

Dessauer, H.C.; Reeder, T.W.; Cole, C.J.; Knight, A. 1996. Rapid screening of DNA diversity using dot-blot technology and allele-specific oligonucleotides: maternity of hybrids and unisexual clones of hybrid origin (lizards, Cnemidophorus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6(3): 366-372.

Eifler, D.A.; Passek, K.M. 2000. Body size effects on pursuit success and interspecific diet differences in Cnemidophorus lizards. Amphibia-Reptilia 21(4): 477-484.

Eisentraut, M. 1933. Inselmelanismus in der Gattung Cnemidophorus. Zoologischer Anzeiger 101: 228-232.

Erickson, D. 1991. Near-infrared and near-ultraviolet reflectivity in selected amphibians and reptiles. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 26(1): 1-9.

Frost, D.R.; Wright, J.W. 1988. The taxonomy of uniparental species, with special reference to parthenogenetic Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae). Systematic Zoology 37(2): 200-209.

Gadow, H. 1906. A contribution to the study of evolution based upon the Mexican species of Cnemidophorus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1906: Unpaginated.

Germano, D.J.; Hungerford, C.R. 1981. Reptile population changes with manipulation of Sonoran desert shrub. Great Basin Naturalist 41(1): 129-138.

Grismer, L.L. 1999. An evolutionary classification of reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Herpetologica 55(4): 446-469.

Harvey, M.B.; Ugueto, G.N.; Gutberlet, R.L. 2012. Review of teiid morphology with a revised taxonomy and phylogeny of the Teiidae (Lepidosauria: Squamata). Zootaxa 3459: 1-156.

Lammerée, L. 1970. Lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus from the Leeward Group and the adjacent mainland of South America. Uitgaven Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen 34(61): 46-72.

Leuck, B.E. 1982. Comparative burrow use and activity patterns of parthenogenetic and bisexual Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus: Teiidae). Copeia 1982(2): 416-424.

Lowe, C.H.; Wright, J.W. 1966. Evolution of parthenogenetic species of Cnemidophorus (whiptail lizards) in western North America. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 4: 81-87.

Lowe, C.H.; Wright, J.W.; Cole, C.J.; Bezy, R.L. 1970. Chromosomes and evolution of the species groups of Cnemidophorus (Reptilia: Teiidae). Systematic Zoology 19: 128-141.

Lucchino, R.V. 1973. Genic heterozygosity in bisexual and unisexual lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus. Dissertation Abstracts International (B) 34(6): 2481-2482.

Maslin, T.P. 1964. Evidence for parthenogenesis in several species of the lizard genus Cnemidophorus. Journal Colorado-Wyoming Acad. Sci. 5(5): 48-49.

Maslin, T.P.; Secoy, D.M. 1986. A checklist of the lizard genus Cnemidophorus (Teiidae). Contributions in Zoology 1: 1-60.

Maury, M.E. 1981. Variability of activity cycles in some species of lizards in the Bolson de Mapimi (Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico). Publicaciones Instituto de Ecologia Mexico 8: 101-118.

McCranie, J.R.; Hedges, S.B. 2013. A review of the Cnemidophorus lemniscatus group in Central America (Squamata: Teiidae), with comments on other species in the group. Zootaxa 3722(3): 301-316.

Medica, P.A. 1967. Food habits, habitat preference, reproduction, and diurnal activity in four sympatric species of whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus) in south central New Mexico. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 66: 251-276.

Mitchell, J.C. 1979. Ecology of southeastern Arizona whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus: Teiidae): population densities, resource partitioning and niche overlap. Canadian Journal of Zoology 57(7): 1487-1499.

Moritz, C.; Brown, W.M.; Densmore, L.D.; Wright, J.W.; Vyas, D.; Donnellan, S.; Adams, M.; Baverstock, P. 1989. Genetic diversity and the dynamics of hybrid parthenogenesis in Cnemidophorus (Teiidae) and Heteronotia (Gekkonidae). New York State Museum Bulletin 466: 87-112.

Moritz, C.; Wright, J.W.; Brown, W.M. 1992. Mitochondrial DNA analyses and the origin and relative age of parthenogenetic Cnemidophorus: phylogenetic constraints on hybrid origins. Evolution 46(1): 184-192.

Moritz, C.C.; Wright, J.W.; Brown, W.M. 1989. Mitochondrial-DNA analyses and the origin and relative age of parthenogenetic lizards (genus Cnemidophorus). 3. C. velox and C. exsanguis. Evolution 43(5): 958-968.

Neaves, W.B. 1971. Tetraploidy in a hybrid lizard of the genus Cnemidophorus (Teiidae). Breviora 381: 1-7.

Parker, E.D.; Walker, J.M.; Paulissen, M.A. 1989. Clonal diversity in Cnemidophorus: ecological and morphological consequences. New York State Museum Bulletin 466: 72-86.

Parker, W.S. 1973. Notes on reproduction of some lizards from Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Utah. Herpetologica 29(3): 258-264.

Parmley, D. 1982. Food items of roadrunners from Palo Pinto County, north central Texas. Texas Journal of Science 34(1): 94-95.

Paulissen, M.A. 1995. Comparative escape behavior of parthenogenetic and gonochoristic Cnemidophorus in southern Texas. Copeia 1995(1): 223-226.

Peccinini-Seale, D.M. 1989. Genetic studies on bisexual and unisexual populations of Amazonian Cnemidophorus. New York State Museum Bulletin 466: 241-251.

Pietruszka, R.D. 1981. Use of scutellation for distinguishing sexes in bisexual species of Cnemidophorus. Herpetologica 37(4): 244-249.

Porter, W.P.; Cole, C.J.; Townsend, C.R. 1994. Captive maintenance and lineage senescence in parthenogenetic lizards (family Teiidae). pp. 91-98. In: Murphy, J.B.; Adler, K. & Collins, J.T. (eds.). Captive management and conservation of amphibians and reptiles. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles). 408 pp. (Contributions to Herpetology no. 11).

Presch, W. 1971. Tongue structure of the teiid lizard genera Ameiva and Cnemidophorus with a reallocation of Ameiva vanzoi. Journal of Herpetology 5: 183-185.

Price, A.H. 1983. A annotated bibliography of the genus Cnemidophorus in New Mexico. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 58: 1-92.

Radtkey, R.R.; Fallon, S.M.; Case, T.J. 1997. Character displacement in some Cnemidophorus lizards revisited: a phylogenetic analysis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94(18): 9740-9745.

Rand, M.S.; Crews, D. 1994. The bisexual brain: sex behavior differences and sex differences in parthenogenetic and sexual lizards. Brain Research 663(1): 163-167.

Reeder, T.W.; Cole, C.J.; Dessauer, H.C. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae): A test of monophyly, reevaluation of karyotypic evolution, and review of hybrid origins. American Museum Novitates 3365: 1-61.

Schall, J.J. 1978. Reproductive strategies in sympatric whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus): two parthenogenetic and three bisexual species. Copeia 1978(1): 108-116.

Schall, J.J. 1981. Parthenogenetic lizards: r-selected reproductive characteristics? American Naturalist 117(2): 212-216.

Schall, J.J.; Pianka, E.R. 1980. Evolution of escape behavior diversity. American Naturalist 115(4): 551-556.

Smith, H.M. 1987. The concepts of species and subspecies in uniparental populations, reflected in the nomenclature of Cnemidophorus (Reptilia: Lacertilia). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 23(3): 125-127.

Taylor, H.L.; Currie, C.; Baker, J.J. 1989. The mode of origin for males collected from natural clones of parthenogenetic lizards (Cnemidophorus): cytological evidence. Journal of Herpetology 23(2): 202-205.

Taylor, H.L.; Walker, J.M.; Medica, P.A. 1967. Males of three normally parthenogenetic species of teiid lizards, (genus Cnemidophorus). Copeia 1967: 737-743.

Townsend, C.R. 1979. Establishment and maintenance of colonies of parthenogenetic whiptail lizards Cnemidophorus spp. International Zoo Yearbook 19: 80-86.

Townsend, C.R.; Cole, C.J. 1985. Additional notes on requirements of captive Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus), with emphasis on ultraviolet radiation. Zoo Biology 4(1): 49-55.

Ugueto, G.N.; Harvey, M.B. 2010. Southern Caribbean Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae): description of new species and taxonomic status of C. murinus ruthveni Burt. Herpetological Monographs 24: 111-148.

Vance, T. 1977. A brief taxonomy of the Cnemidophorus (Sauria, Teiidae) of South America. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 12(2): 31-46.

Vance, T. 1978. A field key to the whiptail lizards (genus Cnemidophorus). Part 1. The whiptails of the United States. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 14(1): 1-9.

Vance, T. 1980. A field key to the Whiptail Lizards (genus: Cnemidophorus). Part 2: the whiptails of Mexico. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 16(4): 121-147.

Vanzolini, P.E. 1978. Parthenogenetic lizards. Science (Washington, D.C.) 201(4361): 1152.

Vanzolini, P.E. 2001. Temporal fluctuations in scale counts and body proportions of Amazonian riparian lizards (Cnemidophorus, Sauria, Teiidae). Amazoniana 16(3-4): 539-563.

Walker, J.M. 1986. The taxonomy of parthenogenetic species of hybrid origin: cloned hybrid populations of Cnemidophorus (Sauria: Teiidae). Systematic Zoology 35(3): 427-440.

Walker, J.M.; Lemos-Espinal, J.A.; Cordes, J.E.; Taylor, H.L.; Smith, H.M. 2001. Allocation of populations of whiptail lizards to septemvittatus Cope, 1892 (genus Cnemidophorus) in Chihuahua, Mexico, and the scalaris problem. Copeia 2001(3): 747-765.

Walker, J.M.; Taylor, H.L.; Cordes, J.E. 1995. Parthenogenetic Cnemidophorus tessellatus complex at Higbee, Colorado: resolution of 30 years of controversy. Copeia 1995(3): 650-658.

Wright, J.W. 1968. Variation in three sympatric sibling species of whiptail lizards, genus Cnemidophorus. Journal of Herpetology 1: 1-20.

Wright, J.W. 1978. Parthenogenetic lizards. Science (Washington, D.C.) 201(4361): 1152-1154.

Wright, J.W.; Lowe, C.H. 1968. Weeds, polyploids, parthenogenesis, and the geographical and ecological distribution of all-female species of Cnemidophorus. Copeia 1968(1): 128-138.

Wright, J.W.; Lowe, C.H. 1993. Synopsis of the subspecies of the Little Striped Whiptail lizard, Cnemidophorus inornatus Baird. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 27(1): 128-157.

Wright, J.W.; Vitt, L.J. (eds.). 1993. Biology of Whiptail Lizards (genus Cnemidophorus). Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman. 417 pp.

Cnemidophorus arenivagus

Markezich, A.L.; Cole, C.J.; Dessauer, H.C. 1997. The blue and green Whiptail Lizards (Squamata: Teiidae: Cnemidophorus) of the Peninsula de Paraguana, Venezuela: systematics, ecology, descriptions of two new taxa, and relationships to whiptails of the Guianas. American Museum Novitates 3207: 1-60.

Cnemidophorus arubensis

Goessling, J.M.; Lutterschmidt, W.I.; Howard, K.R.; Bushar, L.M.; Odum, R.A. 2015. Multiyear sampling reveals an increased population density of an endemic lizard after the establishment of an invasive snake on Aruba. Journal of Herpetology 49(3): 358-363.

Schall, J.J. 1973. Relations among three macroteiid lizards on Aruba Island. Journal of Herpetology 7(3): 289-295.

Schall, J.J. 1974. Population structure of the Aruban whiptail lizard, Cnemidophorus arubensis, in varied habitats. Herpetologica 30(1): 38-44.

Schall, J.J. 1975. Factors influencing the distribution of the Aruban whiptail lizard, Cnemidophorus arubensis. Uitgaven Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen 82: 94-108.

Schall, J.J. 1983. Small clutch size in a tropical Whiptail Lizard (Cnemidophorus arubensis). Journal of Herpetology 17(4): 406-408.

Schall, J.J.; Ressel, S. 1991. Toxic plant compounds and the diet of the predominantly herbivorous whiptail lizard, Cnemidophorus arubensis. Copeia 1991(1): 111-119.

Ugueto, G.N.; Harvey, M.B. 2010. Southern Caribbean Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae): description of new species and taxonomic status of C. murinus ruthveni Burt. Herpetological Monographs 24: 111-148.

Cnemidophorus cryptus

Cole, C.J.; Dessauer, H.C. 1993. Unisexual and bisexual Whiptail Lizards of the Cnemidophorus lemniscatus complex (Squamata: Teiidae) of the Guiana Region, South America, with descriptions of new species. American Museum Novitates 3081: 1-30.

Costa, G.C.; Mesquita, D.O.; Colli, G.R. 2008. The effect of pitfall trapping on lizard diets. Herpetological Journal 18(1): 45-48.

Freitas, M.A. de; Saldanha Vieira, R.; Entiauspe-Neto, O.M.; Oliveira e Sousa, S.; Farias, T.; Sousa, A.G.; Barbosa de Moura, G.J. 2017. Herpetofauna of the Northwest Amazon forest in the state of Maranhao, Brazil, with remarks on the Gurupi Biological Reserve. ZooKeys 643: 141-155.

Mesquita, D.O.; Colli, G.R. 2003. Geographical variation in the ecology of populations of some Brazilian species of Cnemidophorus (Squamata, Teiidae). Copeia 2003(2): 285-298.

Oliveira, J.C.F.; Ribeiro, J.; Winck, G.R.; Rocha, C.F.D.; Pralon, E.; Basto Silva, M.; Ávila-Pires, T.C.S. 2015. Geographic distribution: Cnemidophorus cryptus. Herpetological Review 46(1): 58-59.

Vitt, L.J.; Zani, P.A.; Caldwell, J.P.; Araujo, M.C. de; Magnusson, W.E. 1997. Ecology of Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus) in the Amazon region of Brazil. Copeia 1997(4): 745-757.

Cnemidophorus duellmani

McCranie, J.R.; Hedges, S.B. 2013. A review of the Cnemidophorus lemniscatus group in Central America (Squamata: Teiidae), with comments on other species in the group. Zootaxa 3722(3): 301-316.

Cnemidophorus flavissimus

Ugueto, G.N.; Harvey, M.B.; Rivas-Fuenmayor, G.A. 2009. Two new species of Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae) from islands of the northeastern coast of Venezuela. Herpetological Monographs 23: 123-153.

Cnemidophorus gaigei

Ruthven, A.G. 1915. Description of a new subspecies of Cnemidophorus lemniscatus Laurentii. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 16: 1-4.

Cnemidophorus gramivagus

Cnemidophorus lemniscatus

Alemán, C. 1952. Apuntes sobre reptiles y anfibios de la region Baruta-El Hatillo. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 12(31): 11-30.

Alemán, C. 1953. Contribution al estudio de los reptiles y batracios de la Sierra de Perija. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 13(35): Unpaginated.

Avila Pires, T.C.S.; Peccinini-Seale, D.; Magnusson, W. 1987. Geographic distribution: Cnemidophorus lemniscatus. Herpetological Review 18(2): 40.

Barragan-Contreras, L.A.; Calderón-Espinosa, M.L. 2016. Natural history notes: Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Rainbow Whiptail). Diet; Active plant consumption. Herpetological Review 47(4): 667.

Butterfield, B.P.; Hauge, J.B.; Flanagan, A.; Walker, J.W. 2009. Identity, reproduction, variation, ecology, and geographic origin of a Florida adventive: Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Rainbow Whiptail lizard, Sauria: Teiidae). Southeastern Naturalist 8(1): 45-54.

Carvalho-Filho, F.S. 2008. Natural history notes: Tropidurus oreadicus (Neotropical Ground Lizard). Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Rainbow Whiptail). Predation. Herpetological Review 39(2): 230.

Casado-B., R.; Soriano, P.J. 2010. Fruiting, frugivory and dispersal of the globular cactus Melocactus schatzlii in the semiarid enclave of Lagunillas, Merida, Venezuela. Ecotropicos 23(1): 18-36.

Charles, S.P. 2009. Range Expansion of the Neotropical whiptail lizard, Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (L. 1758) (Reptilia: Sauria: Teiidae) on the North Coast of Trinidad. Living World 2009: 40.

Cohn, L. 1904. Die Schenkeldrüsen des Cnemidophorus lemniscatus Daud. Zoologischer Anzeiger 27: 185-192.

Cole, C.J.; Dessauer, H.C. 1993. Unisexual and bisexual Whiptail Lizards of the Cnemidophorus lemniscatus complex (Squamata: Teiidae) of the Guiana Region, South America, with descriptions of new species. American Museum Novitates 3081: 1-30.

Dixon, J.R.; Staton, M.A. 1977. Arboreality in the teiid lizard Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Teiidae) in the Venezuelan Llanos. Journal of Herpetology 11(1): 108-111.

Figueras, J.; Gonzalez-S., L.A.; Prieto Arcas, A.; Velasquez, J.; Ferrer, H. 2008. Hábitos alimentarios del lagarto Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sauria: Teiidae) en dos zonas xerofíticas del Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 28(2): 11-22.

Finol, H.; Ogura, M. 1972. Observaciones sobre dos tipos de fibras 'twitch' en el reptil Cnemidophorus lemniscatus. Acta cient. venez. 23(6): 203-209.

Gasc, J.P.; Lescure, J. 1977. Donnees sur l'herpetocoenose en milieu ouvert dans la foret amazonienne. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Ecologie Generale 35: 35-44.

Gasc, J.P.; Lescure, J.; Peccinini-Seale, D.M. 1994. Unisexualite et vaste repartition: le cas de Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Reptilia, Teiidae) dans le complexe Guyano-Amazonien. Biogeographica (Paris) 70(1): 33-39.

Grisales-Martínez, F.A.; Rendón-Valencia, B. 2014. Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Linnaeus 1758). Lagartija, lobito, cuco y abanico. Catálogo de Anfibios y Reptiles de Colombia 2(2): 43-50.

Gutsche, A. 2005. Beobachtungen zu natürlichen Inkubationsbedingungen von Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sauria: Teiidae) auf der Isla de Utila, Honduras. Sauria (Berlin) 27(2): 13-16.

Jairam, R. 2016. Attempted predation on a Smooth-scaled Worm Lizard, Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Grant 1958) by a Rainbow Whiptail, Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Linnaeus 1758) in Suriname. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 23(2): 93–94.

León, J.R.; Cova, L.J. 1973. Reprodicción de Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Sauria: Teiidae) en Cumaná, Venezuela. Caribbean Journal of Science 13(1-2): 63-73.

León, J.R.; Donoso-Barros, R.; Prieto, A.S. 1970. Alimentacion de tres especies de lagartos de los alredores de Cumaná, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepción 42 [1969-1970]: 349-354.

Magnusson, W.E. 1987. Reproductive cycles of teiid lizards in Amazonian savanna. Journal of Herpetology 21(4): 307-316.

Magnusson, W.E. 1993. Body temperatures of field-active Amazonian savanna lizards. Journal of Herpetology 27(1): 53-58.

Magnusson, W.E.; Franke, C.R.; Kasper, L.A. 1986. Factors affecting densities of Cnemidophorus lemniscatus. Copeia 1986(3): 804-807.

Magnusson, W.E.; Lima, A.P.; Faria, A.S.; Victoria, R.L.; Martinelli, L.A. 2001. Size and carbon acquisition in lizards from Amazonian savanna: evidence from isotope analysis. Ecology (Washington, D.C.) 82(6): 1772-1780.

Magnusson, W.E.; Paiva, L.J. de; Moreira da Rocha, R.; Franke, C.R.; Kasper, L.A.; Lima, A.P. 1985. The correlates of foraging mode in a community of Brazilian lizards. Herpetologica 41(3): 324-332.

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Cnemidophorus leucopsammus

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Cnemidophorus murinus

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Cnemidophorus nigricolor

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Cnemidophorus pseudolemniscatus

Cnemidophorus rostralis

Cnemidophorus ruthveni

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Cnemidophorus senectus

Cnemidophorus splendidus

Cnemidophorus vanzoi

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