Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
 
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Genus
Cnemidophorus
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Southern Whiptails, Southern Racerunners, South American Whiptails
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Südliche Rennechsen
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Sydlige Piskehaletejuer, Sydlige Væddeløbere
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1830 |  |
Cnemidophorus Wagler (type species: Seps murinus Laurenti 1768) |
Contents:
19 species, of which 14 (73.7%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
Previously included the species now placed in
Ameivula,
Aspidoscelis,
Aurivela, and
Contomastix.
Distribution:
Central America, N. South America, West Indies.
Reported from:
Aruba,
Belize,
Bonaire,
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Maranhao,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Roraima),
Colombia
(incl.
Providencia,
San Andres],
Curacao,
French Guiana,
Guatemala,
Guyana,
Honduras
(incl.
Islas de la Bahia
[Cayos Cochinos
(Cayo Cochino Pequeño),
Roatan,
Utila],
Islas del Cisne),
Nicaragua,
Panama,
Saint Lucia
(incl.
Maria Islands),
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Tobago,
Trinidad),
Venezuela
(incl.
Blanquilla,
Los Frailes,
Margarita,
Tortuga).
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Cnemidophorus arenivagus
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Green Rainbow Whiptail
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Grüne Rennechse
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Grøn Piskehaleteju
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1997 | |
Cnemidophorus arenivagus Markezich, Cole & Dessauer |
Remarks:
Markezich, Cole & Dessauer (1997) suspected records from Aruba (e.g., Lammeree 1970; Schall 1973) to refer to arenivagus, however, that species was not included for the island by Buurt (2005, 2006), who instead confirmed lemniscatus in the island as an introduced species.
Distribution:
Colombia,
Venezuela.
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Cnemidophorus arubensis
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Aruba Whiptail
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Aruba-Rennechse
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Aruba-piskehaleteju
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1887 | |
Cnemidophorus arubensis Van Lidth |
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Cnemidophorus murinus arubensis Burt 1931 |
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Cnemidophorus lemniscatus arubensis Hummelinck 1940 |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Schall (1973).
Distribution:
Aruba.
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Cnemidophorus cryptus
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Bolivar Whiptail, Cryptic Whiptail
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Bolivar-Rennechse
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Bolivar-piskehaleteju
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1993 | |
Cnemidophorus cryptus Cole & Dessauer |
Remarks:
A unisexual species of hybrid origin (Ugueto, Harvey & Rivas 2009).
Introduced to:
Brazil
(Espirito Santo,
Rio de Janeiro).
Distribution:
Brazil
(Amapa,
Amazonas,
Maranhao,
Para),
French Guiana,
Surinam,
Venezuela.
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Cnemidophorus duellmani
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Panamanian Rainbow Whiptail
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Panamaische-Rennechse
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Panamansk Piskehaleteju
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2013 | |
Cnemidophorus duellmani McCranie & Hedges |
Distribution:
Panama.
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Cnemidophorus espeuti
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Providencia Rainbow Whiptail
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Providencia-Rennechse
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Providencia-piskehaleteju
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1885 | |
Cnemidophorus espeuti Boulenger |
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Cnemidophorus lemniscatus espeuti Harvey, Ugueto & Gutberlet 2012 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies or synonym of lemniscatus (e.g., Maslin & Secoy 1986). Revalidated as a separate species by McCranie & Hedges (2013).
Not listed by Goicoechea, Frost, Riva, Pellegrino, Sites, Rodrigues & Padial (2016).
Distribution:
Colombia
(Providencia,
San Andres).
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Cnemidophorus flavissimus
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Yellow Whiptail
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Gelbe Rennechse
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Gul Piskehaleteju
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2009 | |
Cnemidophorus flavissimus Ugueto, Harvey & Rivas |
Distribution:
Venezuela
(Los Frailes).
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Cnemidophorus gaigei
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Colombian Rainbow Whiptail
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Kolumbianische Rennechse
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Colombiansk Piskehaleteju
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1915 | |
Cnemidophorus lemniscatus gaigei Ruthven |
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Cnemidophorus gaigei McCranie & Hedges 2013 |
Distribution:
Colombia.
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Cnemidophorus gramivagus
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Llanos Whiptail
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Llanos-Rennechse
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Llanos-piskehaleteju
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1987 | |
Cnemidophorus gramivagus McCrystal & Dixon |
Distribution:
Brazil
(Amazonas),
Colombia,
Venezuela.
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Cnemidophorus lemniscatus
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Rainbow Whiptail, Dotted Whiptail, Strand Whiptail, Striped Jungle Runner, Strand Racerunner, Tropical Racerunner, Beach Racerunner
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Südliche Tüpfel-Rennechse
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Sydlig Regnbue-piskehaleteju
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1758 | |
Lacerta lemniscata Linnaeus |
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Cnemidophorus lemniscatus Duméril & Bibron 1839 |
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1802 | |
Lacerta coeruleo-cephala Sonnini & Latreille (Maslin & Secoy 1986) |
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1825 | |
Teius cyanomelas Wied (Maslin & Secoy 1986) |
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1845 | |
Cnemidophorus scutata Gray (Markezich, Cole & Dessauer 1997) |
Remarks:
Previously included arubensis, espeuti, gaigei, nigricolor, ruatanus, and splendidus, as well as populations now assigned to arenivagus, cryptus, duellmani, flavissimus, gramivagus, leucopsammus, pseudolemniscatus, rostralis, and senectus. Records of lemniscatus from Central America and some from Colombia, Venezuela and coastal islands refer to these species.
Due to uncertainty in the identification of some populations in the lemniscatus complex (lemniscatus, cryptus, gramivagus, pseudolemniscatus), the distribution listed below should be regarded as tentative, since part of it may refer to other species than lemniscatus in the strict sense. The list includes all Avila-Pires's (1995) records of the lemniscatus complex.
Markezich, Cole & Dessauer (1997) suspected records from Aruba (e.g., Lammeree 1970; Schall 1973) to refer to arenivagus, however, that species was not included for the island by Buurt (2005, 2006), who instead confirmed lemniscatus in the island as an introduced species.
Records from the Venezuelan islands Coche, Cubagua, Los Frailes, and Margarita (e.g., Hummelinck 1940; Maslin & Secoy 1986; Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970; Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005) have recently been described as two new species, flavissimus and senectus, thus restricting lemniscatus to the Venezuelan mainland, although the status of the population in the Los Testigos Archipelago is unresolved (Ugueto, Harvey & Rivas 2009).
Introduced to:
Aruba,
Brazil
(Minas Gerais),
USA
(Florida).
Distribution:
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Roraima),
Colombia,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Tobago,
Trinidad),
Venezuela.
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Cnemidophorus leucopsammus
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Blanquilla Whiptail
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Blanquilla-Rennechse
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Blanquilla-piskehaleteju
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2010 | |
Cnemidophorus leucopsammus Ugueto & Harvey |
Distribution:
Venezuela
(Blanquilla).
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Cnemidophorus murinus
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Curacao Whiptail
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Curacao-Rennechse
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Curacao-piskehaleteju
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1768 | |
Seps murinus Laurenti |
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Cnemidophorus murinus Wagler 1830 |
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1838 | |
Ameiva guttata Gray [not Cnemidophorus guttatus Wiegmann 1834] (Maslin & Secoy 1986) |
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1899 | |
Cnemidophorus minimus Cope [lapsus for murinus] (Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970) |
Remarks:
Previously included ruthveni. Records from Bonaire and Klein Bonaire refer to ruthveni.
Distribution:
Curacao.
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Cnemidophorus nigricolor
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Black Whiptail
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Schwarze Rennechse
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Sort Piskehaleteju
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1873 | |
Cnemidophorus nigricolor Peters |
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Cnemidophorus lemniscatus nigricolor Burt 1931 |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Sites, Peccinini-Seale, Moritz, Wright & Brown (1990).
Although previously recorded from Margarita (e.g., Maslin & Secoy 1986), the species does not occur there (Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005).
Distribution:
Venezuela.
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Cnemidophorus pseudolemniscatus
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Surinam Whiptail
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Surinam-Rennechse
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Surinam-piskehaleteju
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1993 | |
Cnemidophorus pseudolemniscatus Cole & Dessauer |
Remarks:
A unisexual species of hybrid origin (Ugueto, Harvey & Rivas 2009).
Distribution:
Surinam.
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Cnemidophorus rostralis
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Tortuga Whiptail
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Tortuga-Rennechse
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Tortuga-piskehaleteju
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2010 | |
Cnemidophorus rostralis Ugueto & Harvey |
Distribution:
Venezuela
(Tortuga).
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Cnemidophorus ruatanus
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Northern Rainbow Whiptail
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Nördliche Tüpfel-Rennechse
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Nordlig Regnbue-piskehaleteju
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1928 | |
Cnemidophorus ruatanus Barbour |
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Cnemidophorus lemniscatus ruatanus Maslin & Secoy 1986 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies or synonym of lemniscatus (e.g., Maslin & Secoy 1986). Revalidated as a separate species by McCranie & Hedges (2013). The presence of ruatanus in Belize may represent either a recent range expansion or an introduction (McCranie & Hedges 2013).
Distribution:
Belize,
Guatemala,
Honduras
(incl.
Islas de la Bahia
[Cayos Cochinos
(Cayo Cochino Pequeño),
Roatan,
Utila],
Islas del Cisne),
Nicaragua,
Panama.
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Cnemidophorus ruthveni
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Bonaire Whiptail
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Bonaire-Rennechse
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Bonaire-piskehaleteju
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1935 | |
Cnemidophorus murinus ruthveni Burt |
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Cnemidophorus ruthveni Ugueto & Harvey 2010 |
Distribution:
Bonaire.
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Cnemidophorus senectus
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Grey-headed Whiptail
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Graukopf-Rennechse
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Gråhovedet Piskehaleteju
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2009 | |
Cnemidophorus senectus Ugueto, Harvey & Rivas |
Distribution:
Venezuela
(incl.
Isla Margarita).
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Cnemidophorus splendidus
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Blue Rainbow Whiptail
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Blaue Rennechse
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Blå Piskehaleteju
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1997 | |
Cnemidophorus lemniscatus splendidus Markezich, Cole & Dessauer |
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Cnemidophorus splendidus McCranie & Hedges 2013 |
Distribution:
Venezuela.
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Cnemidophorus vanzoi
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Maria Islands Whiptail
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Saint Lucia-Rennechse
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Saint Lucia-piskehaleteju
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1966 | |
Ameiva vanzoi Baskin & Williams |
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Cnemidophorus vanzoi Presch 1971 |
Introduced to:
Saint Lucia
(Praslin Island).
Distribution:
Saint Lucia
(Maria Islands
[Maria Major,
Maria Minor]).
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