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Taxonomy of the genus Gloydius Biodiversity of the family Viperidae

Bibliography of the genus
Gloydius (Mamushis)

(Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Gloydius in general

Chen, Y.; Wu, X.; Zhao, E. 1984. Classification of Agkistrodon species in China. Toxicon 22(1): 53-61.

Chernov, S. 1934. On the systematics and distribution of Agkistrodon (Ophidia) in the Soviet Union. C. R. Acad. Sci. Leningrad 1(6): 350-356.

Ernst, C.H. 1982. A study of the fangs of snakes belonging to the Agkistrodon-complex. Journal of Herpetology 16(1): 72-80.

Gloyd, H.K. 1972. The Korean snakes of the genus Agkistrodon (Crotalidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 85(49): 557-578.

Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A.; Ryabov, S. 2004. Asian Pitvipers. GeitjeBooks, Berlin. 368 pp.

Guo, P. & al. 1998. Taxonomic studies on Chinese species of the genus Gloydius (Viperidae: Crotalinae). (In Chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 17(4): 166-169.

Guo, P.; Zhang, F. 2002. [Phylogenetic and biogeographic studies on Deinagkistrodon and Gloydius in China]. (In Chinese). Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexueban) 39(2) (Sum 146): 378-381.

Guo, P.; Zhang, F.J.; Chen, Y.Y. 1999. Comparative studies on the skull morphology of Chinese species of Agkistrodon and Deinagkistrodon, with discussion on their classification (Serpentes: Crotalinae). (In Chinese, English summary). Zoological Research 20(6): 415-420.

Guo, P.; Zhang, F.J.; Chen, Y.Y. 1999. The hemipenes of Chinese species of Deinagkistrodon and Gloydius (Serpentes: Crotalinae). Asiatic Herpetological Research 8: 38-42.

Knight, A.; Densmore, L.D.; Rael, E.D. 1992. Molecular systematics of the Agkistrodon complex. pp. 49-70. In: Campbell, J.A. & Brodie, E.D. (eds.). Biology of the pitvipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas. 467 pp.

Koba, K. 1938. Some notes on Agkistrodon halys (Pallas) from Syoryuzan Island, Kwangtung, South Manchuria. I. Zool. Mag. Tokyo 50: 245-264.

Korotkov, Y.M. 1981. Contribution to the systematics of pit vipers of the genus Agkistrodon of the Soviet Union. pp. 51-54. In: Borkin, L.Y. (ed.). Herpetological investigations in Siberia and the Far East. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad. 147 pp.

Kudryavtsev, S.V.; Bozhansky, A.T. 1988. A case of hybridization between two Agkistrodon snake in the Moscow Zoo terrarium. Vestnik Zoologii 1988(2): 69-71.

Orlov, N.L.; Barabanov, A.V. 1999. Analysis of nomenclature, classification, and distribution of the Agkistrodon halys - Agkistrodon intermedius complexes: a critical review. Russian Journal of Herpetology 6(3): 167-192.

Orlov, N.L.; Barabanov, A.V. 2000. About type localities for some species of the genus Gloydius Hoge et Romano-Hoge, 1981 (Crotalinae: Viperidae: Serpentes). Russian Journal of Herpetology 7(2): 159-160.

Paik, N.K.; Park, C.S.; Jung, E.K.; Lee, H.Y.; Toriba, M. 1998. mtDNA analysis of the genus Agkistrodon species in eastern Asia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 5(2): 97-102.

Rastegar-Pouyani, E.; Oraie, H.; Khosravani, A.; Akbari, A. 2018. Phylogenetic position of Iranian pitvipers (Viperidae, Crotalinae, Gloydius) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. Tropical Zoology 31(2): 55-67.

Rendahl, H. 1933. Die Unterarten des Ancistrodon halys Pall., nebst einigen Bemerkungen zur Herpetologie Zentralasiens. Arkiv för Zoologi (Stockholm) 25 A(8): 1-33.

Sasaki, K.; Shirakura, F.; Sasaki, Y. 2007. [Mamushi (Gloydius spp.) from Korea and Samam, Hokkaido, Japan: ecological observations in outdoor enclosures]. (In Japanese). Bulletin of the Herpetological Society of Japan 2007(2): 132-135.

Shi, J.S.; Yang, D.W.; Zhang, W.Y.; Qi, S.; Li, P.P.; Ding, L. 2016. [Distribution and infraspecies taxonomy of Gloydius halys-Gloydius intermedius complex in China (Serpentes: Crotalinae)]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 51(5): 777-798.

Wu, L. 1977. On the infraspecific categories of Agkistrodon halys in China. Acta Zoologica Sinica 23(3): 318-323.

Xu, Y.; Liu, Q.; Myers, E.A.; Wang, L.; Huang, S.; He, Y.; Peng, P.; Guo, P. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Gloydius (Serpentes: Crotalinae). Asian Herpetological Research 3(2): 127-132.

Zhao, E.M. 2004. [Suggestion of the English names for Gloydius species and Deinagkistrodon acutus]. (In Chinese, English summary). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 23(3): 211-212.

Zhao, E.M.; Jiang, Y.M.; Huang, Q.Y. 1979. On infraspecific categories of Pallas' pit viper in China. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1(2): 2-11.

Zhou, J.L.; Zhang, Y.P.; Huang, M.H.; Chen, Y.J.; Chen, X.Q.; Yao, G.D. 2001. [Phylogenetic relationships among Crotalinae based on mitochondrial cytochrome B gene sequence variations]. (In Chinese, English summary). Acta Zoologica Sinica 47(4): 361-366.

Gloydius angusticeps

Shi, J.; Yang, D.; Zhang, W.; Peng, L.; Orlov, N.L.; Jiang, F.; Ding, L.; Hou, M.; Huang, X.; Huang, S.; Li, P. 2018. A new species of the Gloydius strauchi complex (Crotalinae: Viperidae: Serpentes) from Qinghai, Sichuan, and Gansu, China. Russian Journal of Herpetology 25(2): 126-138.

Gloydius blomhoffii

Barr, A.D.; Wieburg, S.A.; Kardong, K.V. 1988. The predatory strike behavior of the mamushi, Agkistrodon blomhoffii blomhoffii, and the Malay pit viper, Calloselasma rhodostoma. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 12(4): 135-138.

Burger, W.L. 1974. Please use one 'i' to end the name Agkistrodon blomhoffi. The Snake 6(1): 54.

Chernikin, I.A. 1981. [On the protection of reptiles in northern Sikhote-Alin]. pp. 125. (In Russian). In: Bromlej, G.F.; Kostenko, V.A.; Yudin, V.G. & Nechaev, V.A. (eds.). [Rare and endangered terrestrial animals of the Far East of the USSR. (Contributions to the conference).]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Vladivostok. 192 pp.

Chiszar, D.; Radcliffe, C.W.; Byers, T.; Stoops, R. 1986. Prey capture behavior in nine species of venomous snakes. Psychological Record 36(4): 433-438.

Fukada, H. 1962. Biological studies on the snakes. IX. Breeding habit of Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii (Boie). Bull. Kyoto Gakugei Univ. (B) 20: 12-17.

Fukada, H. 1989. Longevity of four species of Japanese snakes. pp. 375-380. In: Matsui, M., Hikida, T. & Goris, R.C. (eds.). Current herpetology in East Asia. Proceedings of the second Japan-China Herpetological Symposium, Kyoto, July 1988. Herpetological Society of Japan, Kyoto. 521 pp.

Hashimoto, K.; Toriba, M. 1983. Notes on the coloration of Japanese mamushi (Agkistrodon blomhoffi blomhoffi (Boie), from Tsushima Island. The Snake 15(1): 50-52.

Isogawa, K.; Kato, M. 1995. Mating season of the Japanese mamushi, Agkistrodon blomhoffii blomhoffii (Viperidae: Crotalinae), in southern Kyushu, Japan: relation with female ovarian development. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 16(2): 42-48.

Korneva, N.V.; Asafova, N.N. 1981. [Comparative analysis of venom toxicity in Agkistrodon blomhofii and A. saxatilis from USSR territory]. pp. 71. (In Russian). In: Darevsky, I.S., Ananjeva, N.B., Barkagan, Z.S., Borkin, L.Y., Sokolova, T.M. & Shcherbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp.

Korotkov, Y.M. 1977. An attempt to forecast population of the eastern pit viper (Agkistrodon blomhoffi). Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta (Leningrad) 74: 66-68.

Korotkov, Y.M. 1978. [Reproduction of Agkistrodon blomhoffi in Primorye]. pp. 17-24. (In Russian). In: Bromlei, G.F. & Yudin, V.G. (eds.). [Ecology and zoogeography of certain vertebrates from the Soviet Far East]. Academy of Sciences USSR. Far East Scientific Centre, Vladivostok. 147 pp.

Lu, Y. & al. 1999. Mammushi on Jia Dao (Island), Yantai City and conservation. (In Chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 18(3): 117-118.

Makino, S. 1936. On the occurrence of Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii, the pit viper, in Chichijima, one of the Bonin Islands. Bull. biogeogr. Soc. Tokyo 6(24): 231-233.

Marzec, G. 1980. Captive propagation of the Japanese pit viper, Agkistrodon blomhoffi blomhoffi. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 8(3): 90-94.

Matsuzaki, S. 1992. Survey for activity and injury of mamushi snake in Kochi Prefecture. Bulletin of Kochi Women's University Series of Natural Sciences 40: 45-52.

Moriguchi, H. 1982. Appearance, movements and food habits of snakes at Minasegawa, Kanagawa, Japan. The Snake 14(1): 44-49.

Ohba, S.Y. 2012. [Field observation of predation on a Japanese mamushi, Gloydius blomhoffii, by a giant water bug, Kirkaldyia deyrolli]. (In Japanese). Japanese Journal of Entomology New Series 15(3): 92-93.

Orlov, N.L.; Sundukov, Y.N.; Kropachev, I.I. 2014. Distribution of pitvipers of the "Gloydius blomhoffi" complex in Russia with the first records of Gloydius blomhoffii blomhoffii at Kunashir Island (Kuril Archipelago, Russian Far East). Russian Journal of Herpetology 21(3): 169-178.

Ota, H.; Nakagawa, H. 1985. [Notes on the specimens of reptiles deposited in Shiretoko Museum, Shari, eastern Hokkaido, Japan]. (In Japanese, English summary). Record of Shiretoko Museum 7: 1-6.

Sasaki, K. 2005. [Balance among necessity, effectiveness and ethics: an example of the marking methods in Gloydius blomhoffii]. (In Japanese). Bulletin of the Herpetological Society of Japan 2005(1): 9-12.

Sasaki, K.; Duvall, D. 2003. Rainwater drinking by free-ranging Japanese pitvipers, Gloydius blomhoffii. Current Herpetology 22(1): 43-44.

Sasaki, K.; Fox, S.F.; Duvall, D. 2009. Rapid evolution in the wild: changes in body size, life-history traits, and behavior in hunted populations of the Japanese Mamushi snake. Conservation Biology 23(1): 93-102.

Sasaki, K.; Fox, S.F.; Duvall, D. 2012. Reproductive ecology and human-caused mortality in the Japanese Mamushi Snake (Gloydius blomhoffii) on the northernmost main island of Japan. Journal of Herpetology 46(4): 689-695.

Schnee 1900. Ancistrodon blomhoffi Boie. Zoologische Garten 41: 395-396.

Takada, Y. 1952. Experiences of being bitten by a poisonous snake [Agkistrodon blomhoffi Boie]. Counting And Breeding 6(3) [1944]: 90.

Takechi, H.; Akama, N.; Hayasaka, M.; Toriba, M. 1984. An albino of Agkistrodon blomhoffi blomhoffi (Boie). The Snake 16(1): 77-78.

Toriba, M. 2006. [Color aberrants of Gloydius blomhoffii found in Niigata prefecture, Japan]. (In Japanese). Bulletin of the Herpetological Society of Japan 2006(1): 19-21.

Wada, H. 1927. Experimental studies on treatment of bites of snakes (Agkistrodon blomhoffi). Jap. Med. World Tokyo 7(1): 35-41.

Yakovlev, V.A. 1984. [On the biology of Agkistrodon blomhoffi on Altai Reserve]. pp. 50-51. (In Russian). In: Ishchenko, V.G. (ed.). [The species and its productivity within its distribution range. Part 5. Questions of herpetology. Material from the 4th All-Union Symposium 3-7 April 1984]. Urals Scientific Centre, Academy of Sciences USSR, Sverdlovsk. 54 pp.

Gloydius brevicaudus

Chen, Q.; Liu, Y.; Brauth, S.E.; Fang, G.; Tang, Y. 2017. The thermal background determines how the infrared and visual systems interact in pit vipers. Journal of Experimental Biology 220(17): 3103-3109

Cock Buning, T. de 1981. The role of thermosensitivity in the feeding behavior of the pit viper Agkistrodon blomhoffi brevicaudus. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 9(1): 7-27.

Davies, P.M.C. 1965. Notes on six species of snakes collected in central Korea, 1956-57. British Journal of Herpetology 3: 190-194.

Ding, L.; Gan, X.N.; He, S.P.; Zhao, E.M. 2011. A phylogeographic, demographic and historical analysis of the short-tailed pit viper (Gloydius brevicaudus): evidence for early divergence and late expansion during the Pleistocene. Molecular Ecology 20(9): 1905-1922.

Gao, J.F.; Qu, Y.F.; Luo, L.G.; Ji, X. 2010. Evolution of reptilian viviparity: a test of the maternal manipulation hypothesis in a temperate snake, Gloydius brevicaudus (Viperidae). Zoological Science (Tokyo) 27(3): 248-255.

Gloyd, H.K. 1977. Descriptions of new taxa of crotalid snakes from China and Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 90(4): 1002-1015.

Guo, C.; Fan, L. 1997. New records of snakes from Shanxi Province. (In Chinese, English summary). Chinese Journal of Zoology 32(4): 41.

Guo, P.; Zhang, F.J.; Chen, Y.Y. 1999. Comparative studies on the skull morphology of Chinese species of Agkistrodon and Deinagkistrodon, with discussion on their classification (Serpentes: Crotalinae). (In Chinese, English summary). Zoological Research 20(6): 415-420.

Heimes, P. 1996. Die Amphibien und Reptilien Pekings. 2. Schildkröten und Schlangen. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 18(105): 27-34.

Huang, M.; Cao, Y.; Zhu, F.; Qu, Y. 1989. Stages in the normal development of the Chinese mamushi (Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus). pp. 34-40. In: Matsui, M., Hikida, T. & Goris, R.C. (eds.). Current herpetology in East Asia. Proceedings of the second Japan-China Herpetological Symposium, Kyoto, July 1988. Herpetological Society of Japan, Kyoto. 521 pp.

Huang, Z.H.; Song, Y.Z.; Chen, C.Q.; Long, J.; Xiao, Y.A. 2007. [Diversity of reptiles in Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve]. (In Chinese, English summary). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 26(2): 368-369.

Ji, D.; Weng, S.; Liu, M. 1989. Classification of Agkistrodon halys in northeast China. pp. 185-192. In: Matsui, M., Hikida, T. & Goris, R.C. (eds.). Current herpetology in East Asia. Proceedings of the second Japan-China Herpetological Symposium, Kyoto, July 1988. Herpetological Society of Japan, Kyoto. 521 pp.

Nägele, V. 1987. Agkistrodon blomhoffi brevicaudus. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 7(4): 158.

Trutnau, L. 2002. Die Kurzschwanz-Mamushi Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus Stejneger, 1907 - eine selten gepflegte ostasiatische Grubenotter. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 24(138): 19-20, 22-28.

Wang, P.; Qian, K.; Lu, H.; Zhu, L.; Zhao, S. 1983. Studies on physiological ecology of Pallas' pit-viper. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 2(1): 21-32.

Wang, X.; Zhao, E.M. 2007. [Revised taxonomic status of Gloydius brevicaudus siniticus]. (In Chinese, English summary). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 26(2): 250-254.

Wang, X.; Zhao, E.M. 2008. [Revised the taxonomic status of Gloydius blomhoffii dubitatus and infraspecific categories of G. brevicaudus]. (In Chinese, English summary). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 27(2): 172-177.

Watkins-Colwell, G.J.; Leenders, T. 2002. Geographic distribution: Gloydius blomhofii brevicaudus (Mamushi). Herpetological Review 33(3): 227.

Xiong, Y.; Ding, L. 2012. [A taxonomic status of Fu Snakes in Mt. Wuling, Xinglong County, Hebei Province]. (In Chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 31(5): 768-771.

Gloydius caraganus

Conant, R. 1992. The type locality of Agkistrodon halys caraganus. Asiatic Herpetological Research 4: 52.

Klemmer, K. 1982. Rote Schlangen. Natur und Museum (Frankfurt am Main) 112(9): 292-294.

Nikolsky, A.M. 1931. Eine neue Schlangenunterart aus Turkestan, Ancistrodon halys paramonovi, subsp. nov. Trav. Mus. Zool. Kiev 10: 115-117.

Shi, J.S.; Yang, D.W.; Zhang, W.Y.; Qi, S.; Li, P.P.; Ding, L. 2016. [Distribution and infraspecies taxonomy of Gloydius halys-Gloydius intermedius complex in China (Serpentes: Crotalinae)]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 51(5): 777-798.

Toktosunov, A.T.; Mazik, E.Y.; Kassymalieva, E.B.; Imanalieva, N.D. 1992. Specific characters of karyotypes of some snake species (Colubridae, Viperidae, Crotalidae) from the northern Tien-Shan. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 71(5): 118-127.

Velikanov, V.P. 1977. On new finds of Alsophylax pipiens Pallas and Agkistrodon halys caraganus in the Turkmenistan. Izvestiya Akad. Nauk Turkmen. SSR (Biol.) 1977(5): 81-82.

Wagner, P.; Tiutenko, A.; Mazepa, G.; Borkin, L.J.; Simonov, E. 2016. Alai! Alai! - a new species of the Gloydius halys (Pallas, 1776) complex (Viperidae, Crotalinae), including a brief review of the complex. Amphibia-Reptilia 37(1): 15-31.

Gloydius cognatus

Gloyd, H.K. 1977. Descriptions of new taxa of crotalid snakes from China and Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 90(4): 1002-1015.

Shi, J.S.; Yang, D.W.; Zhang, W.Y.; Qi, S.; Li, P.P.; Ding, L. 2016. [Distribution and infraspecies taxonomy of Gloydius halys-Gloydius intermedius complex in China (Serpentes: Crotalinae)]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 51(5): 777-798.

Gloydius halys

Andrén, C.; Nilson, G. 1979. Vipera latifii (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae) an endangered viper from Lar Valley, Iran, and remarks on the sympatric herpetofauna. Journal of Herpetology 13(3): 335-341.

Bogdanov, O.P. 1970. Feeding of Ancistrodon halys in Middle Asia. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 49: 1851-1856.

Bour, R. 1993. Les voyages de Peter Simon Pallas et l'origine de Coluber halys (Serpentes Viperidae). Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon 62(9): 328-340.

Chernikin, I.A. 1981. [On the protection of reptiles in northern Sikhote-Alin]. pp. 125. (In Russian). In: Bromlej, G.F.; Kostenko, V.A.; Yudin, V.G. & Nechaev, V.A. (eds.). [Rare and endangered terrestrial animals of the Far East of the USSR. (Contributions to the conference).]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Vladivostok. 192 pp.

Dirksen, L.; Böhme, W. 2005. Gloydius halys - Halysotter. pp. 7-22. In: Joger, U. & Stümpel, N. (eds.). Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Schlangen III. Viperidae. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 420 pp.

Goris, R.C. 1964. Color variations in newborn Agkistrodon halys from Hachijojima Island. Acta Herpetologica Japonica 2: 8.

Hu, B.C.; Hwang, M.H.; Ho, S.S.; Chou, S.A.; Hsieh, T.T.; Tsai, B. 1966. A preliminary report on some ecological observations of Agkistrodon halys and Naja naja atra. Acta Zoologica Sinica 18: 187-194.

Hutwalker, A. 2017. Herpetologische Eindrücke einer Wanderreise im zentralen Elbursgebirge, Nordiran. Sauria (Berlin) 39(3): 25-30.

Isaev, Y.N. 1988. [New finds of the sand lizard and Pallas pit viper in Eastern Siberia]. (In Russian). Vestnik Zoologii 1988(5): 52.

Jendretzke, N. 2001. Nachzucht der Halysotter. Gloydius halys halys (Pallas, 1776). Elaphe 9(2): 22-24.

Jiang, Y.m.; Zhao, E.M. 1980. Ecological data of Snake-Island pit-viper and Pallas' pit viper. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1(5) [1979]: 1-5.

Khani, S.; Kami, H.G.; Rajabizadeh, M. 2017. Geographic variation of Gloydius halys caucasicus (Serpentes: Viperidae) in Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 63(4): 303-310.

Kropachev, I.I.; Orlov, N.L. 2017. [A new subspecies of the Halys Pit Viper Gloydius halys (Pallas, 1776) (Viperidae, Crotalinae) from Tuva and western Mongolia]. (In Russian). Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta 321(2): 129-179

Lesnyak, A.P. 1962. The wintering of Ancistrodon halys in nature. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 41: 1203-1265.

Lesnyak, A.P. 1964. Feeding of the snake Ancistrodon halys in Rhombomys opimus settlements in south Pribalkhash territory. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 43: 147-149.

Mitropolsky, O.V. 2008. [A note on long-legged buzzard eating Halys viper]. (In Russian). Selevinia 2007: 175.

Nilson, G. 1983. A new subspecies of the Asiatic pit viper Agkistrodon halys Pallas, 1776 (Serpentes, Viperidae) from Afghanistan. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 34(4): 469-476.

Oidumi, S.; Ishihara, H.; Okada, Y. 1973. Preliminary report on the development of Agkistrodon halys. Acta Herpetologica Japonica 4(1-4): 19.

Orlov, N.L.; Boeskorov, G.G.; Protopopov, S.G.; Nogovitsyn, P.R.; Kolodeznikov, V.E.; Shchelchkova, M.V.; Kropachev, I. 2018. New records and taxonomic position of snakes of the genus Gloydius Hoge et Romano-Hoge, 1983 (Crotalinae, Viperidae, Ophidia, Reptilia) in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), with comments on their distribution in the eastern Siberia and the Far East. Russian Journal of Herpetology 25(4): 275-282.

Rotter, J. 1958. Beobachtungen an Halysschlangen. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 11: 216-218.

Samek, R.; Samkova, L. 1992. Reptiles of the Svjatoj Nos wetlands, Lake Baikal. pp. 119-126. In: Mlikovsky, J. & Styblo, P. (eds.). Ecology of the Svjatoj Nos Wetlands, Lake Baikal: results of the Svjatoj Nos 1991 expedition. Ninox Press, Prague. 242 pp.

Schepina, N.A. 2008. Current state of batracho- and herpetofauna of Buryat. pp. 447-452. In: Ananjeva, N.B.; Danilov, I.G.; Dunayev, E.A.; Ischenko, V.G.; Lada, G.A.; Litvinchuk, S.N.; Orlova, V.F.; Smirina, E.M.; Tuniyev, B.S. & Khalikov, R.G. (eds.). The problems of herpetology. Proceedings of the 3rd meeting of the Nikolsky Herpetological Society, 9-13 October 2006, Putschino. Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. 467 pp.

Simonov, E. 2009. Differences in habitat use, daily activity patterns and preferred ambient temperatures of adult and neonate Gloydius halys halys from an isolated population in southwest Siberia: preliminary data. Herpetology Notes 2: 1-7.

Simonov, E. 2010. Unusual colour form of Siberian pit viper (Gloydius h. halys) from the northern edge of its area. Acta Herpetologica 5(1): 87-89.

Simonov, E.; Wink, M. 2011. Cross-amplification of microsatellite loci reveals multiple paternity in Halys pit viper (Gloydius halys). Acta Herpetologica 6(2): 289-295.

Simonov, E.; Wink, M. 2012. Population genetics of the Halys pit viper (Gloydius halys) at the northern distribution limit in Siberia. Amphibia-Reptilia 33(2): 273-283.

Simonov, E.P. 2007. [Distribution and some ecological aspects of Mamushi (Gloydius halys) in the north of its habitat in the Novosibirsk region]. (In Russian, English summary). Povolzhskii Ekologicheskii Zhurnal 1: 71-74.

Szczerbak, N.N.; Szczerbak, N.N. 1981. [On distribution and ecology of some reptiles of southern eastern Siberia. pp. 125-128]. (In Russian). In: Borkin, L.Ya. (ed.). Herpetological investigations in Siberia and the Far East. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad. 147 pp.

Thompson, J.C. 1916. The variation exhibited by Ancistrodon halys (Pallas). A Pit-Viper inhabiting the Far East. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 22: 61-76.

Zhao, E.M.; Wu, G.F.; Yang, W.M. 1979. Comparisons of toxicity and neutralization test among Pallas' pit viper, Snake Island pit viper and black eye-brow pit-viper. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1(3): 1-6.

Gloydius himalayanus

Acharji, M.N.; Kripalani, M.B. 1952. On a collection of Reptilia and Batrachia from the Kangra and Kulu Valleys, western Himalayas. Records of the Indian Museum 49: 175-184.

Boyd, J.E.M. 1911. Case of snake bite from Himalayan viper. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 20: 864.

Chaudhuri, A.; Muhkerjee, S.; Chowdhury, S.; Purkayastha, J. 2018. Geographic distribution: Gloydius himalayanus (Himalayan Pitviper). Herpetological Review 49(3): 505.

Dattatri, S. 1985. In search of the Himalayan Pit Viper. Hamadryad 10(1-2): 10-11.

Dattatri, S. 1986. A note on reproduction in the Himalayan Pit Viper (Agkistrodon himalayanus). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 83(1): 224-225.

Dey, P.; Bandyopadhyay, K.K. 1990. A preliminary report on some vertebrate fauna of Kumaon Himalayas, observed and collected during the 'Kuthi Valley Expedition - 1976'. Journal of Bengal Natural History Society 9(2): 75-80.

Khan, M.S.; Tasnim, R. 1986. Notes on the Himalayan Pit Viper, Agkistrodon himalayanus (Gunther). Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 6(2): 46-55.

Sharma, B.D.; Sharma, T. 1980. Myriapods and ants found in the gut contents of Agkistrodon himalayanus (Gunter) in Kashmir Himalayas India. The Snake 12(1-2): 54-55.

Sharma, S. 2004. Observation on some snake species of Kedarnath WLS, Garhwal Himalaya. Reptile RAP 6: 3.

Telford, S.R. 1980. Notes on Agkistrodon himalayanus from Pakistan's Kaghan Valley. Copeia 1980(1): 154-155.

Wall, F. 1899. Notes on 26 specimens of the Pohur, or Himalayan viper (Ancistrodon himalayanus). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 12: 411-414.

Gloydius intermedius

Anonymous. 2014. [Gloydius intermedius found in Qinglonghe Nature Reserve, Liaoning Province]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 49(4): 605-608.

Guo, P.; Zhang, F.J.; Chen, Y.Y. 1999. Comparative studies on the skull morphology of Chinese species of Agkistrodon and Deinagkistrodon, with discussion on their classification (Serpentes: Crotalinae). (In Chinese, English summary). Zoological Research 20(6): 415-420.

Li, C. 2010. [Herpetological survey of Dauria International Protected Area in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China]. (In Chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 29(4): 646-648.

Lin, X.L.; Guo, D.S. 2012. [A new record of snake in Beijing: Gloydius intermedius]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 47(2): 136-137.

Liu, P.; Zhao, W.G. 2005. [Studies on the karyotypes of three species of pit vipers in Heilongjiang province]. (In Chinese). In: Zhou, K. & Ji, X. (eds.). Herpetologica Sinica 10. Quinghai People's Press. 398 pp.

Shi, J.S.; Yang, D.W.; Zhang, W.Y.; Qi, S.; Li, P.P.; Ding, L. 2016. [Distribution and infraspecies taxonomy of Gloydius halys-Gloydius intermedius complex in China (Serpentes: Crotalinae)]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 51(5): 777-798.

Wu, J. 2016. Detecting and attributing the effects of climate change on the distributions of snake species over the past 50 years. Environmental Management 57(1): 207-219.

Xiong, Y.; Ding, L. 2012. [A taxonomic status of Fu Snakes in Mt. Wuling, Xinglong County, Hebei Province]. (In Chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 31(5): 768-771.

Zhao, W.G.; Liu, X.L.; Guo, Y. 2000. [Discovery of Gloydius intermedius in Heilongjiang Province]. (In Chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 19(3): 157-158.

Gloydius lijianlii

Jiang, F.; Zhao, E.M. 2009. [Gloydius lijianlii, a new species from the northern coastal islands along Shandong peninsula (Reptilia, Squamata, Viperidae)]. (In Chinese). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 34(3): 642-646.

Gloydius monticola

Anonymous. 2014. [First report of oviposition of Gloydius monticola (Werner, 1922)]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 49(6): 912.

Gloydius rickmersi

Wagner, P.; Tiutenko, A.; Mazepa, G.; Borkin, L.J.; Simonov, E. 2016. Alai! Alai! - a new species of the Gloydius halys (Pallas, 1776) complex (Viperidae, Crotalinae), including a brief review of the complex. Amphibia-Reptilia 37(1): 15-31.

Gloydius rubromaculatus

Shi, J.; Wang, G.; Chen, X.; Fang, Y.; Li, D.; Huang, S.; Hou, M.; Liu, J.; Li, P. 2017. A new moth-preying alpine pit viper species from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (Viperidae, Crotalinae). Amphibia-Reptilia 38(4): 517–532.

Gloydius saxatilis

Do, M.S.; Nam, K.B.; Yoo, J.C. 2017. Distribution and movement tendencies of Short-Tailed Viper Snakes (Gloydius saxatilis) by altitude. Asian Herpetological Research 8(1): 39-47.

Guo, P.; Zhang, F.J.; Chen, Y.Y. 1999. Comparative studies on the skull morphology of Chinese species of Agkistrodon and Deinagkistrodon, with discussion on their classification (Serpentes: Crotalinae). (In Chinese, English summary). Zoological Research 20(6): 415-420.

Ji, D.; Weng, S.; Liu, M. 1989. Classification of Agkistrodon halys in northeast China. pp. 185-192. In: Matsui, M., Hikida, T. & Goris, R.C. (eds.). Current herpetology in East Asia. Proceedings of the second Japan-China Herpetological Symposium, Kyoto, July 1988. Herpetological Society of Japan, Kyoto. 521 pp.

Korneva, N.V.; Asafova, N.N. 1981. [Comparative analysis of venom toxicity in Agkistrodon blomhofii and A. saxatilis from USSR territory]. pp. 71. (In Russian). In: Darevsky, I.S., Ananjeva, N.B., Barkagan, Z.S., Borkin, L.Y., Sokolova, T.M. & Shcherbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp.

Li, J.; Diao, Y. 1992. A note on reproductive habits of Agkistrodon saxatilis Emelianov. (In Chinese, English summary). pp. 134-136. In: Jiang, Y. (ed.). Collected papers on herpetology. Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology, Chengdu. 157 pp.

Liu, P.; Zhao, W.G. 2005. [Studies on the karyotypes of three species of pit vipers in Heilongjiang province]. (In Chinese). In: Zhou, K. & Ji, X. (eds.). Herpetologica Sinica 10. Quinghai People's Press. 398 pp.

Gloydius shedaoensis

Bi, H.T.; Wu, Y.Q.; Wang, L.P.; Lin, X.Z.; He, Q.L.; Sun, L.X. 2005. [Research on the distribution characteristic of Gloydius shedaoensis]. (In Chinese). In: Zhou, K. & Ji, X. (eds.). Herpetologica Sinica 10. Quinghai People's Press. 398 pp.

Cassill, D.; Hardisty, B.; Watkins, A. 2011. A 4D natural selection model illuminates the enigma of altruismin the Shedao pit viper. Journal of Bioeconomics 13(1): 17-29.

Guo, P.; Zhang, F.J.; Chen, Y.Y. 1999. Comparative studies on the skull morphology of Chinese species of Agkistrodon and Deinagkistrodon, with discussion on their classification (Serpentes: Crotalinae). (In Chinese, English summary). Zoological Research 20(6): 415-420.

Huang, M. 1989. Studies on Agkistrodon shedaoensis ecology. pp. 381-383. In: Matsui, M., Hikida, T. & Goris, R.C. (eds.). Current herpetology in East Asia. Proceedings of the second Japan-China Herpetological Symposium, Kyoto, July 1988. Herpetological Society of Japan, Kyoto. 521 pp.

Ji, D.; Weng, S.; Liu, M. 1989. Classification of Agkistrodon halys in northeast China. pp. 185-192. In: Matsui, M., Hikida, T. & Goris, R.C. (eds.). Current herpetology in East Asia. Proceedings of the second Japan-China Herpetological Symposium, Kyoto, July 1988. Herpetological Society of Japan, Kyoto. 521 pp.

Jiang, Y.m.; Zhao, E.M. 1980. Ecological data of Snake-Island pit-viper and Pallas' pit viper. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1(5) [1979]: 1-5.

Li, J.L.; Sun, L.X.; Wang, X.; Bi, H.T.; Wang, L.P.; Wu, C.; Yu, Y.F.; Qu, N.X.; Lin, X.Z.; Yang, C.J. 2007. [A survey of population density of Gloydius shedaoensis Zhao on Shedao Island during 2005-2006. pp. 153-159]. (In Chinese). In: Ji, X. Herpetologica Sinica 11. China Scientific Book Services, Beijing. 283 pp.

Liu, P.; Sun, L.X.; Li, J.; Wang, L.; Zhao, W.G.; Jia, J. 2010. Population viability analysis of Gloydius shedaoensis from northeastern China: a contribution to the assessment of the conservation and management status of an endangered species. Asian Herpetological Research 1(1): 48-56.

Shi, J.S.; Yang, D.W.; Zhang, W.Y.; Qi, S.; Li, P.P.; Ding, L. 2016. [Distribution and infraspecies taxonomy of Gloydius halys-Gloydius intermedius complex in China (Serpentes: Crotalinae)]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 51(5): 777-798.

Shine, R.; Sun, L.X. 2002. Arboreal ambush site selection by pit-vipers Gloydius shedaoensis. Animal Behaviour 63(3): 565-576.

Shine, R.; Sun, L.X. 2003. Attack strategy of an ambush predator: which attributes of the prey trigger a pit-viper's strike? Functional Ecology 17(3): 340-348.

Shine, R.; Sun, L.X.; Fitzgerald, M.; Kearney, M. 2002. Antipredator responses of free-ranging pit vipers (Gloydius shedaoensis, Viperidae). Copeia 2002(3): 843-850.

Shine, R.; Sun, L.X.; Fitzgerald, M.; Kearney, M. 2003. A radiotelemetric study of movements and thermal biology of insular Chinese pit-vipers (Gloydius shedaoensis, Viperidae). Oikos 100(2): 342-352.

Shine, R.; Sun, L.X.; Fitzgerald, M.; Kearney, M. 2003. Accidental altruism in insular pit-vipers (Gloydius shedaoensis, Viperidae). Evolutionary Ecology 16(6): 541-548.

Shine, R.; Sun, L.X.; Kearney, M.; Fitzgerald, M. 2002. Thermal correlates of foraging-site selection by Chinese pit-vipers (Gloydius shedaoensis, Viperidae). Journal of Thermal Biology 27(5): 405-412.

Shine, R.; Sun, L.X.; Kearney, M.; Fitzgerald, M. 2002. Why do juvenile Chinese pit-vipers (Gloydius shedaoensis) select arboreal ambush sites? Ethology 108(10): 897-910.

Shine, R.; Sun, L.X.; Zhao, E.; Bonnet, X. 2003. A review of 30 years of ecological research on the Shedao pitviper, Gloydius shedaoensis. Herpetological Natural History 9(1): 1-14.

Sun, L.X.; Shine, R.; Fitzgerald, M.A.; Kearney, M.R. 2002. [Radiotelemetric studies of Gloydius shedaoensis. pp. 136-140]. (In Chinese). In: Zhou, K. Herpetologica Sinica 9. Chinese Scientific Books, Beijing. 235 pp.

Sun, L.X.; Shine, R.; Zhao, D.; Tang, Z. 2001. Biotic and abiotic influences on activity patterns of insular pit-vipers (Gloydius shedaoensis, Viperidae) from north-eastern China. Biological Conservation 97(3): 387-398.

Sun, L.X.; Shine, R.; Zhao, D.; Tang, Z. 2002. Low costs, high output: reproduction in an insular pit-viper (Gloydius shedaoensis, Viperidae) from north-eastern China. Journal of Zoology (London) 256(4): 511-521.

Sun, L.X.; Zhao, D.; Zhang, J.; Tang, Z. 2000. [Studies on the population dynamics of Gloydius shedaoensis and on ecological and environmental changes]. (In Chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 19(3): 154-155.

Wang, H.; Wang, H.; Xiao, Y.; Wang, X.; Sun, L.; Shi, J.; Lin, A.; Jiang, F.; Wu, Y. 2015. Low genetic diversity and moderate inbreeding risk of an insular endemic pit viper (Gloydius shedaoensis): implication for conservation. Journal of Herpetology 49(2): 190-199.

Wüster, W.; Duarte, M.R.; Salomao, M. da G. 2005. Morphological correlates of incipient arboreality and ornithophagy in island pitvipers, and the phylogenetic position of Bothrops insularis. Journal of Zoology (London) 266(1): 1-10.

Yang, M. 1983. Sexual cycle of Agkistrodon shedaoensis Zhao. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 2(3): 17-25.

Yang, M.; Ma, S. 1986. Distribution type of Agkistrodon shedaoensis. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 5(4): 304.

Zhao, D. 1992. Study on the ways of food throwing to Pallas pit vipers in the Snake Island. Chinese Wildlife 1992(3): 44-45.

Zhao, E.M. 1979. A new Agkistrodon from Shedao (Snake Island), Liaoning. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1(1): 4-6.

Zhao, E.M. 1979. Taxonomic study of pit viper of Shedao (Snake Island) by morphological and experimental methods and a preliminary discussion on the origin of Snake Island pit viper on Shedao. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1(4): 2-16.

Zhao, E.M.; Wu, G.F.; Yang, W.M. 1979. Comparisons of toxicity and neutralization test among Pallas' pit viper, Snake Island pit viper and black eye-brow pit-viper. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1(3): 1-6.

Gloydius stejnegeri

Shi, J.S.; Yang, D.W.; Zhang, W.Y.; Qi, S.; Li, P.P.; Ding, L. 2016. [Distribution and infraspecies taxonomy of Gloydius halys-Gloydius intermedius complex in China (Serpentes: Crotalinae)]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 51(5): 777-798.

Gloydius strauchi

Anonymous. 2015. [Preliminary studies on the activity rhythm and the diet of Gloydius liupanensis]. (In Chinese). Journal of the Northwest Normal University Natural Sciences 51(3): 79-83.

Guo, P.; Zhang, F.J.; Chen, Y.Y. 1999. Comparative studies on the skull morphology of Chinese species of Agkistrodon and Deinagkistrodon, with discussion on their classification (Serpentes: Crotalinae). (In Chinese, English summary). Zoological Research 20(6): 415-420.

Tai, F.; Li, X.; Zhang, F.; Fang, R. 1998. Study on circadian activity and antipredation behaviour of Agkistrodon qinlingensis. (In Chinese, English summary). Chinese Journal of Zoology 33(4): 14-18.

Wang, X.; Zhao, E.M. 2006. [A preliminary taxonomic status of Gloydius qinlingensis and G. liupanensis]. (In Chinese, English summary). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 25(2): 210-213.

Gloydius tsushimaensis

Isogawa, K.; Moriya, A.; Mitsui, S. 1994. A new snake of the genus Agkistrodon (Serpentes: Viperidae) from Tsushima Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15(3): 101-111.

Gloydius ussuriensis

Anonymous. 2012. [Growth and development of Gloydius ussurensis Emelian bred with or without hibernantion]. (In Chinese). Jingji Dongwu Xuebao 16(4): 202-205.

Guo, P.; Zhang, F.J.; Chen, Y.Y. 1999. Comparative studies on the skull morphology of Chinese species of Agkistrodon and Deinagkistrodon, with discussion on their classification (Serpentes: Crotalinae). (In Chinese, English summary). Zoological Research 20(6): 415-420.

Ji, D.; Weng, S.; Liu, M. 1989. Classification of Agkistrodon halys in northeast China. pp. 185-192. In: Matsui, M., Hikida, T. & Goris, R.C. (eds.). Current herpetology in East Asia. Proceedings of the second Japan-China Herpetological Symposium, Kyoto, July 1988. Herpetological Society of Japan, Kyoto. 521 pp.

Korotkov, Y.M. 1972. [On the biology of Bombina orientalis and Ussurian mamushi in Primorye region]. p. 302. (In Russian). In: Cherepanov, A.I. Folitarek, S.S.; Maksimov, A.A.; Violovich, N.A.; Kolomiets, N.G.; Krivoshchekov, G.M.; Yurlov, K.T.; Yudin, B.S. & Patrasheva, V.D. (eds.) [Zoological problems of Siberia (Reports of the fourth Conference of Zoologists of Siberia)]. Nauka, Novosibirsk. 556 pp.

Kropachev, I.I.; Orlov, N.L.; Orlova, V.F. 2016. Gloydius ussuriensis (Emelianov, 1929) [Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae] - a new snake species for the herpetofauna of Mongolia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 23(2): 108-114.

Liu, P.; Zhao, W.G. 2005. [Studies on the karyotypes of three species of pit vipers in Heilongjiang province]. (In Chinese). In: Zhou, K. & Ji, X. (eds.). Herpetologica Sinica 10. Quinghai People's Press. 398 pp.

Maslova, I.V.; Dochevoy, Y.E. 2016. A case of protocooperation between the pitviper Gloydius ussuriensis and the ground beetle Carabus granulatus telluris. Russian Journal of Herpetology 23(3): 231-234.

Orlov, N.L.; Boeskorov, G.G.; Protopopov, S.G.; Nogovitsyn, P.R.; Kolodeznikov, V.E.; Shchelchkova, M.V.; Kropachev, I. 2018. New records and taxonomic position of snakes of the genus Gloydius Hoge et Romano-Hoge, 1983 (Crotalinae, Viperidae, Ophidia, Reptilia) in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), with comments on their distribution in the eastern Siberia and the Far East. Russian Journal of Herpetology 25(4): 275-282.

Sawai, Y. 1975. Snakebites by Korean mamushi in Japan. The Snake 7(1): 40-41.

Toriba, M. 1988. Taxonomic status of Agkistrodon caliginosus Gloyd and A. blomhoffii ussuriensis (Emelianov). The Snake 20(1): 30-39.

Trutnau, L. 2002. Einiges über die Biologie und Terrarien-haltung der Ussuri-Mamushi Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussuriensis (Emelianov, 1929). Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 24(137): 5-12.