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Taxonomy of the genus Gymnophthalmus Biodiversity of the family Gymnophthalmidae

Bibliography of the genus
Gymnophthalmus (Snake-eyed Tejus)

(Reptilia: Sauria: Gymnophthalmidae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Gymnophthalmus in general

Cole, C.J.; Dessauer, H.C.; Townsend, C.R.; Arnold, M.G. 1990. Unisexual lizards of the genus Gymnophthalmus (Reptilia: Teiidae) in the Neotropics: genetics, origin, and systematics. American Museum Novitates 2994: 1-29.

Dessauer, H.C.; Cole, C.J. 1989. Diversity between and within nominal forms of unisexual teiid lizards. New York State Museum Bulletin 466: 49-71.

Martins, J.M. 1991. An electrophoretic study of two sibling species of the genus Gymnophthalmus and it's[sic] bearing on the origin of the parthenogenetic G. underwoodi (Sauria: Teiidae). Revista Brasileira de Genetica 14(3): 691-703.

Porter, W.P.; Cole, C.J.; Townsend, C.R. 1994. Captive maintenance and lineage senescence in parthenogenetic lizards (family Teiidae). pp. 91-98. In: Murphy, J.B.; Adler, K. & Collins, J.T. (eds.). Captive management and conservation of amphibians and reptiles. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles). 408 pp. (Contributions to Herpetology no. 11).

Recoder, R.S.; Vechio, F. dal; Márques-Souza, S.; Teixeira, M.; Silva-da-Silva, M.; Santos Junior, A.P.; Ribeiro, S.; Barrio-Amorós, C.; Rodrigues, M.T. 2018. Geographic variation and taxonomy of red-tailed Gymnophthalmus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Amazonian Savannas. Zootaxa 4497(1): 61–81.

Rodrigues, M.T. 1991. Herpetofauna das dunas interiores do rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brasil. 3. Procellosaurinus: un novo genero de microteiideos sem palpebra, com a redefinicao do genero Gymnophthalmus (Sauria, Teiidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 37(21): 329-342.

Thomas, R. 1965. The smaller teiid lizards (Gymnophthalmus and Bachia) of the southeastern Caribbean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 78: 141-154.

Yonenaga-Yassuda, Y.; Vanzolini, P.E.; Rodrigues, M.T.; Carvalho, C.M. de 1995. Chromosome banding patterns in the unisexual microteiid Gymnophthalmus underwoodi and in two related sibling species (Gymnophthalmidae, Sauria). Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 70(1-2): 29-34.

Gymnophthalmus cryptus

Cole, C.J.; Dessauer, H.C.; Markezich, A.L. 1993. Missing link found: the second ancestor of Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Squamata: Teiidae), a South American unisexual lizard of hybrid origin. American Museum Novitates 3055: 1-13.

Hoogmoed, M.S.; Cole, C.J.; Ayarzagüena, J. 1992. A new cryptic species of lizard (Sauria: Teiidae: Gymnophthalmus) from Venezuela. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 66(1-15): 1-18.

Gymnophthalmus leucomystax

Vanzolini, P.E.; Morato de Carvalho, C. 1991. Two sibling and sympatric species of Gymnophthalmus in Roraima, Brasil (Sauria, Teiidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 37(12): 173-226.

Vitt, L.J.; Carvalho, C.M. de 1995. Niche partitioning in a tropical wet season: lizards in the Lavrado area of northern Brazil. Copeia 1995(2): 305-329.

Yonenaga-Yassuda, Y.; Vanzolini, P.E.; Rodrigues, M.T.; Carvalho, C.M. de 1995. Chromosome banding patterns in the unisexual microteiid Gymnophthalmus underwoodi and in two related sibling species (Gymnophthalmidae, Sauria). Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 70(1-2): 29-34.

Gymnophthalmus lineatus

Ugueto, G.N.; Velozo, P.; Sánchez Luz, E.; Bermudez Villapol, L.A.; Lasso-Alcala, O.; Barros, T.R.; Rivas, G.A. 2013. Noteworthy new records of squamate reptiles (Reptilia: Squamata) from various Venezuelan Caribbean islands, including a new addition to the herpetofauna of Venezuela. Check List 9(5): 1075-1080.

Underwood, G. 1957. A new lizard record for Trinidad. Journal Trinidad Fld. Nat's Cl. 1956 [1957]: 25-26.

Gymnophthalmus marconaterai

García-Pérez, J.E.; Schargel, W.E. 2017. A new species of Gymnophthalmus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from sand dunes of the Llanos of Apure, Venezuela. Zootaxa 4318(3): 576–586.

Gymnophthalmus pleei

Brooks, G.R. 1983. Gymnophthalmus pleei Bocourt: an addition to the lizard fauna of Dominica, West Indies. Herpetological Review 14(1): 31-32.

Buley, K.R.; Prior, K.A.; Gibson, R.C. 1997. In search of the St. Lucia Racer Liophis ornatus, with further observations on the reptile fauna of the Maria Islands, St. Lucia, West Indies. Dodo 33: 104-117.

Leclair, R. 1978. Water loss and microhabitats in three sympatric species of lizards (Reptilia, Lacertilia) from Martinique, West Indies. Journal of Herpetology 12(2): 177-182.

Presch, W. 1978. Descriptions of the hemipenial morphology in eight species of microteiid lizards (family Teiidae, subfamily Gymnophthalminae). Herpetologica 34(1): 108-112.

Sherriff, D.; Bloxam, Q.; Gibson, R. 1995. A report on the reptiles of Maria Island Major, St. Lucia, West Indies. Dodo 31: 103-111.

Turk, P.A.; Wyszynski, N.N.; Powell, R.; Henderson, R.W. 2010. Population densities and water-loss rates of Gymnophthalmus pleii, Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Gymnophthalmidae), and Sphaerodactylus fantasticus fuga (Sphaerodactylidae) on Dominica, West Indies. Salamandra 46(3): 125-130.

Gymnophthalmus speciosus

Cole, C.J.; Dessauer, H.C.; Markezich, A.L. 1993. Missing link found: the second ancestor of Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Squamata: Teiidae), a South American unisexual lizard of hybrid origin. American Museum Novitates 3055: 1-13.

García-Roa, R.; Sunyer, J. 2012. New distribution records of Gymnophthalmus speciosus (Hallowell, 1861) (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) in Nicaragua. Herpetology Notes 5: 539-542.

Hahn, D.E.; Wilson, L.D. 1976. New records for amphibians and reptiles for the Department of Colon, Honduras. Herpetological Review 7(4): 179.

Hernandez-Ruz, E.J. 2006. Gymnophthalmus speciosus (Hallowell 1861) (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) en Colombia. Caldasia 28(1): 79-88.

Köhler, G. 1996. Notes on a collection of reptiles from El Salvador collected between 1951 and 1956. Senckenbergiana Biologica 76(1-2): 29-38.

McCoy, C.J. 1991. Additions to the herpetofauna of Belize, Central America. Caribbean Journal of Science 26(3-4): 164-166.

Meza-Joya, F.L.; Ramos-Pallares, E. 2015. New records, range extensions and updated distribution of two gymnophthalmid lizards from the Caribbean region, Colombia. Check List 11(5)(Article 1735): 1-7.

Presch, W. 1978. Descriptions of the hemipenial morphology in eight species of microteiid lizards (family Teiidae, subfamily Gymnophthalminae). Herpetologica 34(1): 108-112.

Reynolds, R.P.; Whatton, J.F.; Gebhard, C.A. 2014. Natural history notes: Gymnophthalmus speciosus (Golden Spectacled Tegu). Predation by Great Egret. Herpetological Review 45(1): 128.

Rivero, R.; Manzanilla, J. 2006. Natural history notes: Gymnophthalmus speciosus (Spectacled Lizard), Bachia heteropa (Earless Lizard). Predation. Herpetological Review 37(1): 85.

Stuart, L.C. 1939. A description of a new Gymnophthalmus from Guatemala with notes on other members of the genus. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 409: 1-10.

Telford, S.R. 1971. Reproductive patterns and relative abundance of two microteiid lizard species in Panama. Copeia 1971: 670-675.

Vanzolini, P.E. 1990. Geographic distribution: Gymnophthalmus speciosus (Antillean Lizard). Herpetological Review 21(4): 96.

Wilson, L.D. 1979. New departmental records for reptiles and amphibians from Honduras. Herpetological Review 10(1): 25.

Gymnophthalmus underwoodi

Breuil, M.; Serre-Collet, F. 2012. Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Smooth-scaled Worm Lizard). Distribution. Caribbean Herpetology 30: 1.

Buel, H. van; Powell, R. 2006. Geographic distribution: Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Smooth-scaled Worm Lizard). Herpetological Review 37(4): 494.

Caldwell, J.P.; Vitt, L.J. 1999. Dietary asymmetry in leaf litter frogs and lizards in a transitional northern Amazonian rain forest. Oikos 84(3): 383-397.

Censky, E.J.; Lindsay, K. 1997. Geographic distribution: Gymnophthalmus underwoodi. Herpetological Review 28(4): 210.

Cole, C.J.; Dessauer, H.C.; Markezich, A.L. 1993. Missing link found: the second ancestor of Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Squamata: Teiidae), a South American unisexual lizard of hybrid origin. American Museum Novitates 3055: 1-13.

Grant, C. 1958. A new Gymnophthalmus (Reptilia, Teidae) from Barbados, B.W.I. Herpetologica 14: 227-228.

Hardy, L.M.; Cole, C.J.; Townsend, C.R. 1989. Parthenogenetic reproduction in the Neotropical unisexual lizard, Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Reptilia: Teiidae). Journal of Morphology 201(3): 215-234.

Hoogmoed, M.S.; Cole, C.J.; Ayarzagüena, J. 1992. A new cryptic species of lizard (Sauria: Teiidae: Gymnophthalmus) from Venezuela. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 66(1-15): 1-18.

Jairam, R. 2016. Attempted predation on a Smooth-scaled Worm Lizard, Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Grant 1958) by a Rainbow Whiptail, Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Linnaeus 1758) in Suriname. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 23(2): 93–94.

Kizirian, D.; Cole, C.J. 1999. Origin of the unisexual lizard Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Gymnophthalmidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA nucleotide sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 11(3): 394-400.

Lazell, J.D.; Sinclair, T. 1990. Geographic distribution: Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Antillean Lizard). Herpetological Review 21(4): 96.

Martins, J.M. 1991. An electrophoretic study of two sibling species of the genus Gymnophthalmus and it's[sic] bearing on the origin of the parthenogenetic G. underwoodi (Sauria: Teiidae). Revista Brasileira de Genetica 14(3): 691-703.

Martins, J.M.; Rodrigues, M.T. 1991. Reproducao dos lagartos. Incognita em vias de solucao. Ciencia Hoje 12(71): 10-11.

Orchard, K. 2010. Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Smooth-scaled Worm Lizard). Distribution. Caribbean Herpetology 12: 1.

Paice, M.R.; Henderson, R.W. 2004. Geographic distribution: Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Smooth-scaled Worm Lizard). Herpetological Review 35(3): 287.

Porter, W.P.; Cole, C.J.; Townsend, C.R. 1994. Captive maintenance and lineage senescence in parthenogenetic lizards (family Teiidae). pp. 91-98. In: Murphy, J.B.; Adler, K. & Collins, J.T. (eds.). Captive management and conservation of amphibians and reptiles. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles). 408 pp. (Contributions to Herpetology no. 11).

Powell, R.; Lindsay, K. 1999. Geographic distribution: Gymnophthalmus underwoodi. Herpetological Review 30(2): 110.

Questel, K.; Boggio, J. 2012. Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Smooth-scaled Worm Lizard). Distribution. Caribbean Herpetology 36: 1.

Snyder, S.J.; Schmidt, R.E.; McMullin, E.R.; Parker, B.F.; Ferus, H.L. 2017. Gymnophthalmus underwoodi Grant, 1958 (Reptilia: Gymnophthalmidae), a new record for the island of Montserrat. Check List 13(3)(Article 2153): 1-5.

Turk, P.A.; Wyszynski, N.N.; Powell, R.; Henderson, R.W. 2010. Population densities and water-loss rates of Gymnophthalmus pleii, Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Gymnophthalmidae), and Sphaerodactylus fantasticus fuga (Sphaerodactylidae) on Dominica, West Indies. Salamandra 46(3): 125-130.

Vanzolini, P.E. 1976. On the presence of males in Gymnophthalmus underwoodi, a presumed all-female lizard species (Sauria, Teiidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo) 29(20): 177-179.

Vanzolini, P.E. 1990. Geographic distribution: Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Antillean Lizard). Herpetological Review 21(4): 96.

Vanzolini, P.E.; Morato de Carvalho, C. 1991. Two sibling and sympatric species of Gymnophthalmus in Roraima, Brasil (Sauria, Teiidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 37(12): 173-226.

Williamson, K.E.; Poche, A.J.; Greene, B.T.; Harris, B.R.; Germano, J.M.; Simmons, P.M.; Yorks, D.T.; Powell, R.; Parmerlee, J.S.; Henderson, R.W. 2002. Herpetofauna of Hog Island, Grenada. Herpetological Bulletin 82: 26-29.

Williamson, K.E.; Powell, R. 2004. Gymnophthalmus underwoodi. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 793: 1-5.

Yonenaga-Yassuda, Y.; Vanzolini, P.E.; Rodrigues, M.T.; Carvalho, C.M. de 1995. Chromosome banding patterns in the unisexual microteiid Gymnophthalmus underwoodi and in two related sibling species (Gymnophthalmidae, Sauria). Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 70(1-2): 29-34.

Gymnophthalmus vanzoi

Carvalho, C.M. de 1999. Uma nova espécie de microteiideo de género Gymnophthalmus do Estado de Roraima, Brasil (Sauria, Gymnophthalmidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 40(10) [1997]: 161-174.

Morato de Carvalho, C. 1997. Uma nova especie de microteiideo do genero Gymnophthalmus do estado de Roraima, Brasil (Sauria, Gymnophthalmidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 40(10): 161-174.