Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Related bibliographies: Reptiles Snakes Colubridae North America Taxonomy of the genus Pantherophis Biodiversity of the family Colubridae Bibliography of the genus Pantherophis (North American Rat Snakes) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae) Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted. Pantherophis in general Antonio, F.B. 1984. Random rotation of Elaphe eggs during artificial incubation. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 20(2): 51-53. Bartlett, R.D. 1993. Comments on the obsoleta-complex Rat Snakes of Florida (with mention of three extralimital forms). Tropical Fish Hobbyist 41(11): 120-122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 133, 134, 136-137. Bartlett, R.D.; Bartlett, P.P. 2006. Corn Snakes and Other Rat Snakes: A Complete Pet Owner's Manual. Barron's Educational Series Inc, Hauppauge, N.Y. 104 pp. Bartlett, R.D.; Bartlett, P.P. 2011. Corn Snakes: Reptile and Amphibian Keeper's Guides. 2nd ed. Barron's Educational Series Inc, Hauppauge, N.Y. 48 pp. Chen, X.; Lemmon, A.R.; Lemmon, E.M.; Pyron, R.A.; Burbrink, F.T. 2017. Using phylogenomics to understand the link between biogeographic origins and regional diversification in ratsnakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 111: 206-218. Collins, J.T. 2010. An accurate accounting of an inaccurate statement about snake taxonomy. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 36: 14-15. Collins, J.T.; Taggart, T.W. 2008. An alternative classification of the New World rat snakes (genus Pantherophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae)). Journal of Kansas Herpetology 26: 16-18. Coote, J.G.; Riches, R.J. 1978. Captive reproduction in North American colubrids of the genera Lampropeltis and Elaphe. Report Cotswold Herpetological Symposium 1978: 6-15. Cox, C.L.; Farrar, E.S.; Hey, J.D.; Morrill, M.C. 2009. Cover object usage among an assemblage of Iowa snakes. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 4(1): 80-84. DeGregorio, B.A.; Westervelt, J.D.; Weatherhead, P.J.; Sperry, J.H. 2015. Indirect effect of climate change: shifts in ratsnake behavior alter intensity and timing of avian nest predation. Ecological Modelling 312: 239-246. Gillingham, J.C. 1979. Reproductive behaviour of the rat snakes of eastern North America, genus Elaphe. Copeia 1979(2): 319-331. Hawthorne, K. 1972. Rat snakes: genus Elaphe. Herp 9(1-2): 11-16. Hubbs, C.L. 1932. The use of the generic name Ophis for an eel, a snake and a mollusc. Copeia 1932: 26-27. Klein, J.; Loop, M.S. 1975. Headfirst prey ingestion by new-born Elaphe and Lampropeltis. Copeia 1975(2): 366. Mansfield, R.H.; Jayne, B.C. 2011. Arboreal habitat structure affects route choice by rat snakes. Journal of Comparative Physiology A Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology 197(1): 119-129. Neill, W.T. 1947. Notes on Georgia snakes of the genus Elaphe. Copeia 1947: 207-208. Peters, U. 1980. Erfahrungen bei der Pflege und Zucht von Königs- und Rattenschlangen. Aquarium (Minden) 14(132): 313-317. Robinson, J.M.; Brodey, R.S.; Robinson, J.M. 1975. Winter records of garter and black snakes. Bulletin Philad. herpet. Soc. 22: 33-34. Rossi, J.V.; Rossi, R. 2000. Captive care of North American colubrid snakes (king snakes, rat snakes, indigos, hognoses, garters, waters and others). Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 10(3-4): 31-33. Rossi, J.V.; Rossi, R. 2000. Husbandry of North American colubrid snakes. Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 10(3-4): 24-30. Schmidt, D. 1981. Erfahrungen bei der Fortpflanzung von Kletternattern im Terrarium. 1. Aquarien Terrarien 28(11): 388-392. Schmidt, D. 1981. Erfahrungen bei der Fortpflanzung von Kletternattern im Terrarium. 2. Aquarien Terrarien 28(12): 426-428. Sperry, J.H.; Ward, M.P.; Weatherhead, P.J. 2013. Effects of temperature, moon phase, and prey on nocturnal activity in ratsnakes: an automated telemetry study. Journal of Herpetology 47(1): 105-111. Switak, K.H. 2004. Nordamerikanische Kletternattern. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 57(12): 68-72. Switak, K.H. 2004. Nordamerikanische Kletternattern. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 57(10): 20-23. Utiger, U.; Helfenberger, N.; Schätti, B.; Schmidt, C.; Ruf, M.; Ziswiler, V. 2002. Molecular systematics and phylogeny of Old and New World ratsnakes, Elaphe auct., and related genera (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae). Russian Journal of Herpetology 9(2): 105-124. Pantherophis alleghaniensis Adams, R.; Crother, B.I. 2015. Natural history notes: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake), Agkistrodon piscivorus (Cottonmouth), Coluber constrictor (North American Racer), Thamnophis proximus (Western Ribbonsnake). Aggregation behavior. Herpetological Review 46(2): 276. Anemaet, D.A.J. 1993. Breeding results. Elaphe obsoleta spiloides - grey ratsnake. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 13(4): 122. Birkhead, R.D. 2010. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 41(4): 517. Birkhead, R.D. 2012. Natural history notes: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 43(2): 348-349. Carver, B.D.; Lereculeur, A.E. 2013. Predation on a Northern Long-eared Myotis by a Gray Rat Snake. Southeastern Naturalist 12(4): N6-N8. Chapman, G. 1980. Reproductive data - orange ratsnake & grey ratsnake (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides). Herptile 5(4): 11. Chapman, G. 1981. Bacterial infection in grey ratsnakes (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides). Herptile 6(1): 35-37. Cliburn, J.W. 1977. Elaphe obsoleta spiloides [Grey rat snake] in aquatic habitats. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences 22: 89-90. Cranston, T.; Cranston, E. 1996. The misunderstood Gray Rat Snake. Vivarium (Lakeside) 7(6): 8-9. Cundall, D.; Brainerd, E.L.; Constantino, J.; Deufel, A.; Grapski, D.; Kley, N.J. 2012. Drinking in snakes: resolving a biomechanical puzzle. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A-Ecological Genetics and Physiology 317A(3): 152-172. Doherty-Bone, T.M. 2009. Elaphe obsoleta spilodes (grey rat snake): body-bending behaviour. Herpetological Bulletin 109: 38-39. Doody, J.S.; Godwin, C.; Brantley, C. 2017. Natural history notes: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake). Diet and Mortality. Herpetological Review 48(3): 679. Foster, C.D.; Klueh, S.; Mullin, S.J. 2006. Natural history notes: Elaphe spiloides (Central Ratsnake) habitat use. Herpetological Review 37(4): 478. Foster, C.D.; Klueh, S.; Mullin, S.J. 2009. Thermoregulation of male Elaphe spiloides in an agriculturally-fragmented forest in Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 102(1-2): 65-70. Fulbright, M.C.; Flaherty, J.P.; Gienger, C.M. 2013. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 44(4): 629. Gibbs, H.L.; Corey, S.J.; Blouin-Demers, G.; Prior, K.A.; Weatherhead, P.J. 2006. Hybridization between mtDNA-defined phylogeographic lineages of black ratsnakes (Pantherophis sp.). Molecular Ecology 15(12): 3755-3767. Holt, B.D.; Tidwell, K. 2017. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 48(1): 130. Irwin, K.J. 2001. Geographic distribution: Elaphe obsoleta spiloides (Midland Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 32(2): 122-123. Jackson, J.A. 1974. Gray rat snakes versus red cockaded woodpeckers: predator-prey adaptations. Auk 91(2): 342-347. Jackson, J.A. 1976. Relative climbing tendencies of gray (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides) and black rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta). Herpetologica 32(4): 359-361. Jackson, J.A. 1977. Notes on the behavior of the grey rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides). Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences 22: 94-96. Jackson, J.A. 1978. Predation by a gray rat snake on red-cockaded woodpecker nestlings. Bird-Banding 49(2): 187-188. Jackson, J.A.; Dakin, O.H. 1982. An encounter between a nesting barn owl and a gray rat snake. Raptor Research 16(2): 60-61. Jackson, J.F. 1961. Simultaneous constriction habit in Elaphe obsoleta spiloides. Herpetologica 17(1): 67-68. Jackson, T.G.; Smolinsky, J. 2011. Natural history notes: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake). Reproductive behavior/arboreal male combat. Herpetological Review 42(2): 300-301. Kee, J.P. 2015. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 46(2): 221. Lethaby, M. 2011. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 42(1): 115. Lott, D.; Parker, W.S. 2003. Natural history notes: Elaphe obsoleta spiloides (Gray Ratsnake). Feeding. Herpetological Review 34(2): 149. McCallum, M.L.; McCallum, B.A.; McCallum, D.B. 2011. Natural history notes: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake). Attempted predation and aquatic escape behavior. Herpetological Review 42(3): 443. Miller, B.T.; Drumwright, A.; Herschell, P.; Miller, J.L. 2015. Surface morphology of dorsal scales of Red Cornsnakes (Pantherophis guttatus) and Gray Ratsnakes (Pantherophis spiloides) from Middle Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 90(1-2): 38-42. Mirarchi, R.E.; Hitchcock, R.R. 1982. Radio-instrumented mourning dove preyed upon by gray rat snake. Auk 99(3): 583. Mullin, S.J. 1996. Adaptations facilitating facultative oophagy in the Gray Rat Snake, Elaphe obsoleta spiloides. Amphibia-Reptilia 17(4): 387-394. Mullin, S.J. 1999. Natural history notes: Elaphe obsoleta spiloides (Gray Rat Snake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 30(2): 100-101. Mullin, S.J.; Cooper, R.J. 1998. The foraging ecology of the Gray Rat Snake (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides) - visual stimuli facilitate location of arboreal prey. American Midland Naturalist 140(2): 397-401. Mullin, S.J.; Cooper, R.J.; Gutzke, W.H.N. 1998. The foraging ecology of the Gray Rat Snake (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides). 3. Searching for different prey types in structurally varied habitats. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76(3): 548-555. Mullin, S.J.; Gutzke, W.H.N. 1999. The foraging ecology of the grey Rat Snake (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides). 1. Influence of habitat structural complexity when searching for mammalian prey. Herpetologica 55(1): 18-28. Nägele, V. 1984. Elaphe obsoleta spiloides. Litteratura Serpentium 4(5-6): 193. Nelson, S.K.; Ogle, R.M. 2014. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 45(4): 665. Peters, A.S.; Lawrence, E.; Stone, K. 2016. Natural history notes: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 47(2): 314. Saviola, A.J.; McKenzie, V.J.; Chiszar, D. 2012. Chemosensory responses to chemical and visual stimuli in five species of colubrid snakes. Acta Herpetologica 7(1): 91-103. Snyder, R.C. 1944. Mating of the gray rat snake in Alabama. Copeia 1944: 253. Steehouder, T. 1991. Breeding of the Gray Rat Snake, Elaphe obselata spiloides. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 11(1): 4-5. Sterkens, C. 1991. Breeding the grey ratsnake. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 11(2): 30-31. Truelock, Z. 2015. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 46(4): 575. Pantherophis bairdi Brecke, B.J.; Murphy, J.B.; Seifert, W. 1976. An inventory of reproduction and social behaviour in captive Baird's ratsnakes, Elaphe obsoleta bairdi (Yarrow). Herpetologica 32(4): 389-395. Burbrink, F.T. 2001. Systematics of the Eastern Ratsnake complex (Elaphe obsoleta). Herpetological Monographs 15: 1-53. Cranston, T.; Cranston, E. 1996. Natural history and captive care of Baird's Rat Snake, Elaphe bairdi. Vivarium (Lakeside) 8(1): 60-62. Dathe, F.; Dedekind, K. 1985. Pflege und Zucht von Bairds Erdnattern (Elaphe obsoleta bairdi Yarrow, 1880) im Tierpark Berlin. Milu 6(1-2): 11-17. Dearth, R.L. 2004. Natural history notes: Elaphe bairdi (Baird's Rat Snake). Predation. Herpetological Review 35(1): 65-66. Dial, B.E. 1965. Pattern and coloration in juveniles of two west Texas Elaphe. Herpetologica 21: 75-78. García-Padilla, E.; Cumpian-Medellin, J.I.; Vargas, G.N.F.; Hernández-Maldonado, A. 2011. Natural history notes: Pantherophis bairdi (Baird's Ratsnake). Diet and foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 42(2): 300. Hammerson, G.A.; Lavin, P.; Mendoza-Quijano, F. 2007. Pantherophis bairdi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T63860A12722977. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63860A12722977.en. Lawson, R.; Lieb, C.S. 1990. Variation and hybridization in Elaphe bairdi (Serpentes: Colubridae). Journal of Herpetology 24(3): 280-292. Moll, E.O. 2008. A tale of two Texas Ratsnakes (or are they gophersnakes?) XVI. Elaphe [Pantherophis] bairdi (Yarrow, 1880) - Baird's ratsnake. XVII. Elaphe [Pantherophis] obsoleta lindheimeri (Baird and Girard, 1853) - Texas Ratsnake. Sonoran Herpetologist 21(4): 38-42. Mulaik, S.; Mulaik, D. 1941. Elaphe bairdi from Kerr County, Texas. Copeia 1941: 263-264. Noack, M. 2004. Haltung, Nachzucht und Aufzucht von Baird's Rattern- oder Kletternatter, Elaphe bairdi (Yarrow, 1880). Elaphe 12(1): 46-49. Olson, R.E. 1977. Evidence for the species status of Baird's Ratsnake. Texas Journal of Science 29(1-2): 79-84. Schulz, K.D.; Philippen, H.D. 1991. The systematic-taxonomic position of Elaphe bairdi (Yarrow, 1880). Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 11(6): 138-142. Somma, L.A. 1989. Life history notes: Elaphe bairdi (Baird's Rat Snake). Drinking behavior. Herpetological Review 20(3): 72. Vandewege, M.W.; Rodríguez, D.; Weaver, J.P.; Hibbitts, T.D.; Forstner, M.R.J.; Densmore, L.D. 2012. Evidence of hybridization between Elaphe bairdi and Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri including comparative population genetics inferred from microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Herpetology 46(1): 56-63. Webb, R.G. 1961. Notes on some amphibians and reptiles from northern Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 63: 289-298. Weir, J. 1991. Baird's ratsnake, Elaphe bairdi. Herptile 16(1): 40-46. Pantherophis emoryi Anderson, R.E. 1995. Geographic distribution: Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 26(4): 210. Ashton, C.B. 1984. Silver gull attempting to swallow a snake. South Australian Ornithologist 29(4): 99. Blair, K.; Staley, J.R.; Smith, H.M. 1993. Geographic distribution: Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 24(2): 67. Blair, K.B.; Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M. 1997. New records for Texas amphibians and reptiles. Herpetological Review 28(2): 99. Bohannon, A.M.; MacLaren, A.R.; Forstner, M.R.J. 2018. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis emoryi (Great Plains Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 49(2): 287. Bohannon, A.M.A.; MacLaren, A.R.; Forstner, M.R.J. 2018. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis emoryi (Great Plains Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 49(1): 78. Burbrink, F.T. 2002. Phylogeographic analysis of the Cornsnake (Elaphe guttata) complex as inferred from maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25(3): 465-476. Burkett, D.; Kamees, L.; Painter, C.W. 1998. Geographic distribution: Elaphe emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 29(2): 112. Bury, R.B. 1983. Geographic distribution: Elaphe guttata emoryi. Herpetological Review 14(4): 123. Calzada-Arciniega, R.A.; Toscano-Flores, C.; Briseño-Sánchez, M.I. 2015. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis emoryi (Great Plains Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 46(2): 221. Carpenter, C.C. 1958. Reproduction, young, eggs and food of Oklahoma snakes. Herpetologica 14: 113-115. Castaneda, G.; Lazcano, D.; Garcia-de la Pena, C.; Contreras-Lozano, J.A. 2006. Natural history notes: Sceloporus cyanogenys (Blue Spiny Lizard). Predation. Herpetological Review 37(2): 227. Cavitt, J.F. 2000. Natural history notes: Tallgrass prairie snake assemblage. Food habits. Herpetological Review 31(1): 47-48. Chiszar, D.; Drew, J.D.; Smith, H.M. 1992. A range extension of the Great Plains Rat Snake in eastern Colorado. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 27(8): 165. Chrapliwy, P.S.; Fugler, C.M. 1955. Amphibians and reptiles collected in Mexico in the summer of 1953. Herpetologica 11: 121-128. Clark, H. 1953. Eggs, egg-laying and incubation of the snake Elaphe emoryi (Baird and Girard). Copeia 1953: 90-92. Cobb, V.A.; Cobb, L.M. 1991. New county records for amphibians and reptiles of east Texas. Herpetological Review 22(1): 27-28. Collins, J.T. 2002. New records of amphibians, turtles, and reptiles in Kansas for 2001. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 1: 10-11. Connior, M.B.; Guenther, I. 2007. Geographic distribution: Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 38(4): 486. Connior, M.B.; Guenther, I.; Risch, T.S.; Trauth, S. 2008. Amphibian, reptile, and small mammal associates of Ozark pocket gopher habitat in Izard County, Arkansas. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 62: 45-51. Davis, D.R.; Desantis, D.L. 2012. Erratum [to Herpetological Review 43(3): 449]. Herpetological Review 43(4): 623. Davis, D.R.; Desantis, D.L. 2012. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis emoryi (Great Plains Ratsnake). USA: Texas: Fayette Co. Herpetological Review 43(3): 449. Engeman, R.M.; Engeman, A. 1990. Distributional records of the Great Plains Rat Snake in Dinosaur National Monument. Prairie Naturalist 22(1): 54. Ferguson, A.W.; Dixon, M.T. 2007. Natural history notes: Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains Ratsnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 38(3): 340. Gratz, R.K. 1973. Geographic distribution: Elaphe guttata emoryi. HISS News Journal 1(3): 99. Gray, R.L.; Painter, C.W. 2008. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis emoryi (Great Plains Ratsnake). USA: New Mexico. Herpetological Review 39(4): 486. Grelle, A.M.; Boling, J.; Newby, J.L.; Estes, J.; Haskens, J.; Garey, L.K.; Wilmes, T.; Mckee, R.; Kelrick, M.I.; Montgomery, C.E. 2012. Natural history notes: Pantherophis emoryi (Great Plains Ratsnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 43(3): 496. Hammerson, G.A. 2007. Pantherophis emoryi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T63861A12723067. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63861A12723067.en. Hammerson, G.A. 2007. Pantherophis slowinskii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T63865A12715569. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63865A12715569.en. Hart, S.; Manchester, S. 1993. Geographic distribution: Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 24(4): 156. Hathcock, C.D.; Painter, C.W. 2015. Geographic distribution: Arizona elegans (Glossy Snake). Herpetological Review 46(1): 60-61. (Errata published in vol. 48(2): p. 393, correcting the species identification to Pantherophis emoryi). Holm, J.A. 2004. Geographic distribution: Elaphe guttata meahllmorum (SouthWestern Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 35(1): 83. Kessler, K. 2015. Eine alte Bekannte neu entdeckt: die Prärie-Kornnatter (Pantherophis emoryi emoryi). Reptilia (D) 20(112): 62-66. Killebrew, F.C. 1984. Geographic distribution: Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 15(2): 52. Klug, P.E.; Fill, J.; With, K.A. 2011. Spatial ecology of Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris) and Great Plains Rat Snake (Pantherophis emoryi) in a contiguous tallgrass-prairie landscape. Herpetologica 67(4): 428-439. Klug, P.E.; Jackrel, S.L.; With, K.A. 2010. Linking snake habitat use to nest predation risk in grassland birds: the dangers of shrub cover. Oecologia (Berlin) 162(3): 803-813. Lannutti, D.I.; Laduc, T.J.; Johnson, J.D. 1996. Geographic distribution: Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 27(4): 212. Leonard, T. 1994. Geographic distribution: Elaphe emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 25(1): 34. Lodrigue, K.J. 2003. Geographic distribution: Elaphe slowinskii (=Elaphe guttata guttata in part) (Slowinski's Cornsnake). Herpetological Review 34(4): 388. Lodrigue, K.J.; Lodrigue, K.R. 2007. Slowinski's Cornsnake in the wild and captivity: observations on Texas and Louisiana populations. Reptilia (GB) 52: 62-69. Lodrigue, K.J.; Lodrigue, K.R. 2008. Slowinskis Kornnatter in Natur und Terrarium. Beobachtungen an Vorkommen in Texas und Louisiana. Reptilia (D) 13(73): 74-80. Martin, C.; Martin, M. 1988. Breeding report on Corn Snake & Great Plains Rat Snake intergrades. Snake Keeper 2(4): 17. McAllister, C.T. 1987. Geographic distribution: Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 18(1): 20. McAllister, C.T. 1991. Geographic distribution: Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 22(2): 67. McAllister, C.T.; Robison, H.W. 2011. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 42(1): 115. McCrystal, H.K. 1982. Life history notes: Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). Food. Herpetological Review 13(2): 46-47. Mendoza-Quijano, F.; Reyes Avila, R.; Contreras Narvaez, L. 1998. Geographic distribution: Elaphe guttata meahllmorum (Southern Plains Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 29(2): 112. Montgomery, C.; Compton, L.; Childers, T.; Bergman, E.; Manzer, J.D.; Sifert, J.; Hill, B.; Mackessy, S.P. 1998. Geographic distribution: Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). Herpetological Review 29(2): 112. Neill, W.T. 1951. Notes on the natural history of certain North American snakes. Publ. Res. Div. Ross Allen Rept. Inst. 1(5): Unpaginated. Pawley, R.; Stuart, J.N. 2017. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis emoryi (Great Plains Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 48(4): 814. Quintero-Díaz, G.E.; Cardona-Arceo, A.; Carbajal-Márquez, R.A. 2016. The Great Plains Ratsnake, Pantherophis emoryi Baird & Girard, 1853, (Squamata: Colubridae), a new state record from Aguascalientes, México. Check List 12(3)(Article 1903): 1-16. Ramirez-Bautista, A.; Hernandez-Ibarra, X.; Torres Cervantes, R. 2000. Natural history notes: Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). Diet. Herpetological Review 31(3): 178. Riches, R.J. 1981. Intergrading between corn & Great Plains Rat Snakes. Herptile 6(3): 32-34. Roberts, K. 2005. Geographic distribution: Elaphe emoryi (Great Plains Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 36(1): 82. Roussos, S.A. 2014. 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