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Taxonomy of the genus Philothamnus Biodiversity of the family Colubridae

Bibliography of the genus
Philothamnus (African Green Snakes)

(Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Philothamnus in general

Boon, R. 1990. Drongo routs green water snake in Pigeon Valley. Albatross (Durban) 301: 7.

Broadley, D.G. 1958. The genus Philothamnus in Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Rhodesia 4: 6-7.

Broadley, D.G. 1959. A review of the green-snakes, genus Philothamnus, of the Rhodesias. Occasional Papers of the National Museums of Southern Rhodesia 3(2B): 309-313.

Engelbrecht, H.M.; Branch, W.R.; Greenbaum, E.; Alexander, G.J.; Jackson, K.; Burger, M.; Conradie, W.; Kusamba, C.; Zassi-Boulou, A.G.; Tolley, K.A. 2018. Diversifying into the branches: Species boundaries in African green and bush snakes, Philothamnus (Serpentes: Colubridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130 [2019]: 357-365.

Gerhart, J.D. 1980. Finfoot eating snake. Scopus 4(3): 69.

Hecht, G. 1929. Zur Kenntnis der Schlangengattung Chlorophis Hallow. Zoologischer Anzeiger 81(11-12): 329-335.

Hughes, B. 1985. Progress on a taxonomic revision of the African green tree snakes (Philothamnus spp.). pp. 511-530. In: Schuchmann, K.-L. (ed.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on African Vertebrates: Systematics, Phylogeny and Evolutionary Ecology. Museum Alexander König, Bonn. 585 pp.

Jesus, J.; Nagy, Z.T.; Branch, W.R.; Wink, M.; Brehm, A.; Harris, D.J. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships of African Green Snakes (genera Philothamnus and Hapsidophrys) from Sao Tome, Principe and Annobon islands based on mtDNA sequences, and comments on their colonization and taxonomy. Herpetological Journal 19(1): 41-48.

Keamogestwe, C.; Rams, L. 2001. Coucal catches snake. CCA Ecological Journal 3: 146.

Loveridge, A. 1951. Synopsis of the African green snakes (Philothamnus inc. Chlorophis) with the description of a new form. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belg. 27(37): 1-12.

Loveridge, A. 1958. Revision of five African snake genera. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard 119: 1-198.

McLean, S. 1990. Reptile mortalities caused by a grass fire. Lammergeyer 41: 46.

Perret, J.L. 1961. Études herpétologiques Africaines. III. Bulletin Soc. Neuchâtel. Sci. Nat. (3) 84: 133-138.

Wager, V.A. 1964. Snakes and frogs. African Wild Life 18: 293-295.

Philothamnus angolensis

FitzSimons, V. 1932. Preliminary descriptions of new forms of South African Reptilia and Amphibia, from the Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition, 1930. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15(1): 35-40.

Philothamnus bellii

Trape, J.F.; Baldé, C. 2014. A checklist of the snake fauna of Guinea, with taxonomic changes in the genera Philothamnus and Dipsadoboa (Colubridae) and a comparison with the snake fauna of some other West African countries. Zootaxa 3900(3): 301-338.

Philothamnus carinatus

Akani, G.C.; Luiselli, L. 2002. Natural history notes: Philothamnus carinatus (NCN). Reproduction and growth. Herpetological Review 33(2): 142.

Andersson, L.G. 1901. Some new species of snakes from Cameroon and South America, belonging to the collections of the Royal Museum in Stockholm. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar (Stockholm) 27(4)(5): 26 pp.

Broadley, D.G. 2002. Philothamnus carinatus Andersson, 1901. Thirteen-scaled Green Snake. African Herp News 35: 22.

Capocaccia, L. 1961. Contributo allo studio deiserpenti delle isole del Golfo di Guinea. Annali del Museo Civico de Storia Naturale di Genova 72: 285-309.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1982. Opinion 1214. Chlorophis carinatus Andersson, 1901 given conditional precedence over Philothamnus nigrofasciatus Buchholz & Peters, 1875 (Reptilia, Serpentes). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 39(2): 124-125.

Pauwels, O.S.G.; Garff, B. le; Ineich, I.; Carlino, P.; Melcore, I.; Boundenga, L.; Vigna, C.; Stévart, T.; Jeffery, K.; Orbell, C.; Squarcini, J.B.; Vande weghe, J.P.; White, L. 2016. Miscellanea Herpetologica Gabonica V & VI. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 51(11): 177-185.

Skelton-Bourgeois, M. 1961. Reptiles et batraciens du Stanley Pool. Ann. Mus. Afr. Centr. 103: 169-183.

Philothamnus girardi

Capocaccia, L. 1961. Contributo allo studio deiserpenti delle isole del Golfo di Guinea. Annali del Museo Civico de Storia Naturale di Genova 72: 285-309.

Philothamnus heterodermus

Akani, G.C.; Luiselli, L.; Tooze, Z. 2001. Natural history notes: Philothamnus heterodermus (NCN). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 32(1): 50-51.

Auliya, M.; Wagner, P.; Böhme, W. 2012. The herpetofauna of the Bijagos archipelago, Guinea-Bissau (West Africa) and a first country-wide checklist. Bonn Zoological Bulletin 61(2): 255-281.

Hecht, G. 1929. Zur Kenntnis der Schlangengattung Chlorophis Hallow. Zoologischer Anzeiger 81(11-12): 329-335.

Lea, J.M.; Politano, E.; Luiselli, L. 2003. Changes in the herpetofauna of a fresh water river in Southern Nigeria, after 20 years of development. Russian Journal of Herpetology 10(3): 191-198.

Pauwels, O.S.G.; Garff, B. le; Ineich, I.; Carlino, P.; Melcore, I.; Boundenga, L.; Vigna, C.; Stévart, T.; Jeffery, K.; Orbell, C.; Squarcini, J.B.; Vande weghe, J.P.; White, L. 2016. Miscellanea Herpetologica Gabonica V & VI. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 51(11): 177-185.

Senter, P. 2000. Natural history notes: Hapsidophrys smaragdinus (Emerald Snake), Philothamnus irregularis (NCN), Philothamnus heterodermus (NCN), Dasypeltis sp. (egg-eating snake), Afronatrix anoscopus (Brown Water Snake), Grayia smythii (Smyth's Water Snake), Natriciteres variegatus (NCN), Boaedon lineatus (House Snake), and Aparallactus niger (Centipede-eater). Caudal prehension. Herpetological Review 31(4): 246-247.

Senter, P. 2000. Natural history notes: Philothamnus heterodermus (NCN). Defense. Herpetological Review 31(3): 179.

Trape, J.F.; Baldé, C. 2014. A checklist of the snake fauna of Guinea, with taxonomic changes in the genera Philothamnus and Dipsadoboa (Colubridae) and a comparison with the snake fauna of some other West African countries. Zootaxa 3900(3): 301-338.

Philothamnus heterolepidotus

Loveridge, A. 1937. Zoological results of the George Vanderbildt African expedition of 1934. 7. Reptiles and amphibians. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 89: 265-296.

Parker, H.W.; Moreau, R.E.; Pakenham, R.H.W. 1940. Notes on the herpetology of the East African islands. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 11) 5: 309-314.

Skelton-Bourgeois, M. 1961. Reptiles et batraciens du Stanley Pool. Ann. Mus. Afr. Centr. 103: 169-183.

Trape, J.F.; Baldé, C. 2014. A checklist of the snake fauna of Guinea, with taxonomic changes in the genera Philothamnus and Dipsadoboa (Colubridae) and a comparison with the snake fauna of some other West African countries. Zootaxa 3900(3): 301-338.

Philothamnus hoplogaster

Clark, R. 2004. Wattled cranes feeding on rodents and snakes. Babbler (Gaborone) 44: 62.

Coote, J. 1979. The eastern green snake (Philothamnus hoplogaster). Herptile 4(4): 21.

Dyer, B. 1979. Some reptile breeding records. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 20(1): 6.

Haagner, G.V. 1986. Life history notes. Philothamnus hoplogaster (common Green Water Snake): reproduction. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 32: 36.

Jacobsen, N.H.G. 2006. Philothmanus [Philothamnus] hoplogaster (Gunther, 1863). Green Water Snake. African Herp News 39: 17-18.

Marais, J.; Midlane, N. 2010. Natural history notes: Philothamnus hoplogaster Gunther, 1863. South Eastern Green Snake. Male combat. African Herp News 52: 13-15.

Philothamnus hughesi

Trape, J.F.; Roux-Esteve, R. 1990. Note sur une collection de serpents du Congo avec description d'une espece nouvelle. Journal of African Zoology 104(5): 375-383.

Philothamnus irregularis

Broadley, D.G. 1957. Snakes of Southern Rhodesia. 2. The northern green snake Philothamnus irregularis irregularis (Leach). African Wild Life 11: 53-55.

Frade, F.; Manacas, S. 1955. Serpentes do Ultramar portugues. Garcia de Orta Sér. Zool. (Lisboa) 3(4): 547-553.

Loveridge, A. 1951. Proposed use of the plenary powers to suppress the trivial name "caesius" Cloquet, 1818 (as published in the binominal combination "Coluber caesius") (Class Reptilia, Order Squamata). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 6: 88-89.

Meirte, D. 2013. Case 3599. Coluber irregularis Leach in Bowdich, 1819 (currently Philothamnus irregularis; Reptilia, Squamata): proposed conservation. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 70(2): 89-98.

Newman, A.C. 1965. Further observations from Umtali snake park. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Rhodesia 23/24: 55-57.

Rasmussen, J.B.; Hughes, B. 1997. Description of some new snake species. 1. Th. Reinhardt. Vid. Sel. naturvid. og mathem. Afh. (1843) 10 Part: 233-279. Steenstrupia 22 [1996]: 13-39.

Senter, P. 1999. A comparison of defensive behavior in the African colubrid snakes Hapsidophrys smaragdinus and Philothamnus irregularis. Herpetological Review 30(3): 142.

Senter, P. 2000. Natural history notes: Hapsidophrys smaragdinus (Emerald Snake), Philothamnus irregularis (NCN), Philothamnus heterodermus (NCN), Dasypeltis sp. (egg-eating snake), Afronatrix anoscopus (Brown Water Snake), Grayia smythii (Smyth's Water Snake), Natriciteres variegatus (NCN), Boaedon lineatus (House Snake), and Aparallactus niger (Centipede-eater). Caudal prehension. Herpetological Review 31(4): 246-247.

Senter, P. 2001. Natural history notes: Philothamnus irregularis irregularis (Northern Green Snake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 32(1): 51.

Skelton-Bourgeois, M. 1961. Reptiles et batraciens du Stanley Pool. Ann. Mus. Afr. Centr. 103: 169-183.

Villiers, A. 1956. Le Parc National du Niokolo-Koba, Reptiles. Memoires de l'Institut Fondamental D'Afrique Noire 48: 143-162.

Philothamnus macrops

Menegon, M.; Salvidio, S.; Moyer, D. 2003. Reptiles and amphibians of Nguu North Forest Reserve, Tanzania: a first contribution. African Herp News 36: 2-8.

Philothamnus natalensis

Broadley, D.G. 1966. A review of the Natal green snake, Philothamnus natalensis (A. Smith), with a description of a new subspecies. Annals of the Natal Museum 18: 417-423.

Clark, R. 2004. Wattled cranes feeding on rodents and snakes. Babbler (Gaborone) 44: 62.

FitzSimons, V. 1956. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Wonderboom Nature Reserve. Fauna and Flora (Pretoria) 7: 89-106.

Philothamnus occidentalis

Boycott, R.C. 2015. Philothamnus natalensis occidentalis Broadley, 1966. Western Natal Green Snake. Reproduction. African Herp News 62: 23-25.

Boycott, R.C.; Culverwell, J. 2015. Geographic distribution. Philothamnus natalensis occidentalis Broadley, 1966. Western Natal Green Snake. African Herp News 62: 38-40.

Engelbrecht, H.M.; Branch, W.R.; Greenbaum, E.; Alexander, G.J.; Jackson, K.; Burger, M.; Conradie, W.; Kusamba, C.; Zassi-Boulou, A.G.; Tolley, K.A. 2018. Diversifying into the branches: Species boundaries in African green and bush snakes, Philothamnus (Serpentes: Colubridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130 [2019]: 357-365.

Greiff, I. 1999. Life history notes: Philothamnus natalensis occidentalis. Western Green Snake. Size and reproduction. African Herp News 29: 36-37.

Pietersen, D.W. 2006. Philothamnus natalensis occidentalis (Broadley, 1966). Morphology and size. African Herp News 41: 18.

Philothamnus ornatus

Broadley, D.G. 1960. Some further records of Philothamnus ornatus from Southern Rhodesia. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Rhodesia 13: 6.

Lambiris, A.J.L. 1980. Philothamnus ornatus Bocage near Salisbury, Zimbabwe. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 23(1): 11-12.

Perret, J.L. 1961. Études herpétologiques Africaines. III. Bulletin Soc. Neuchâtel. Sci. Nat. (3) 84: 133-138.

Philothamnus pobeguini

Trape, J.F.; Baldé, C. 2014. A checklist of the snake fauna of Guinea, with taxonomic changes in the genera Philothamnus and Dipsadoboa (Colubridae) and a comparison with the snake fauna of some other West African countries. Zootaxa 3900(3): 301-338.

Philothamnus punctatus

Dobiey, M. 2007. Gepunktete Buschnatter Philothammnus punctatus Peters, 1872. Reptilia (D) 12(65): 51-54.

Philothamnus ruandae

Loveridge, A. 1951. Synopsis of the African green snakes (Philothamnus inc. Chlorophis) with the description of a new form. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belg. 27(37): 1-12.

Philothamnus semivariegatus

Boycott, R. 1985. An additional observation of the spotted bush snake (Philothamnus semivariegatus) from Namaqualand. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 31: 22.

Dyer, B. 1979. Some reptile breeding records. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 20(1): 6.

FitzSimons, V. 1956. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Wonderboom Nature Reserve. Fauna and Flora (Pretoria) 7: 89-106.

Haacke, W.D. 1985. Occurance of the spotted bush-snake (Philothamnus semivariegatus semivariegatus) in the arid south-west of southern Africa. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 31: 7-9.

Haagner, G.V. 1990. Philothamnus s. semivariegatus spotted bush snake. Avian predation. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 37: 46.

Ionides, C.J.P. 1958. Case history of Atractaspis bite and climbing ability of Philothamnus semivariegatus. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 23: 14.

Laurent, R.F. 1958. Notes herpetologiques africaines 2. Revue de Zoologie et Botanique Africaine (Bruxelles) 58: 115-128.

Loehr, V.J.T. 2005. Philothamnus semivariegatus (A. Smith, 1840). Spotted Bush Snake. African Herp News 38: 34-35.

McLachlan, G.R. 1984. A bush snake (Philothamnus semivariegatus) from Springbok. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 30: 11.

Paasikunnas, T.; Kallio, A. 2012. Natural history notes: Philothamnus semivariegatus Smith, 1840. Spotted Bush Snake. Mortality. African Herp News 57: 14-15.

Trape, J.F. 2005. Note sur quelques serpents meconnus du Burkina Faso de la collection de Benigno Roman. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 116: 39-49.

Philothamnus thomensis

Capocaccia, L. 1961. Contributo allo studio deiserpenti delle isole del Golfo di Guinea. Annali del Museo Civico de Storia Naturale di Genova 72: 285-309.

Parker, H.W.; Moreau, R.E.; Pakenham, R.H.W. 1940. Notes on the herpetology of the East African islands. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 11) 5: 309-314.