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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.


Taxonomy of the family Anolidae
Bibliography of the genus Xiphosurus
Biodiversity of the family Anolidae








Genus
Xiphosurus

Sword-tail Giant Anoles

Schwertschwanz-Anolis

Sværdhaleanoler

1826 Xiphosurus Fitzinger (type species: Anolis cuvieri Merrem 1820)
1843 Semiurus Fitzinger (type species: Anolis cuvieri Merrem 1820; syn. Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012)
1885 Chamaeleolis Boulenger (type species: Anolis chamaeleonides Dumeril & Bibron 1837; syn. Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012)
Contents: 14 species, of which 13 (92.9%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0% 100%
Other common names:
Chamaeleolis: Bearded Anoles, Crested Anoles, False Chameleons
Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of Anolis (e.g., Savage & Guyer 1991). Revalidated by Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage (2012).
Distribution: Cuba, (incl. Isla de la Juventud), Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico.

Xiphosurus agueroi

Cabo Cruz Bearded Anole

Cabo-Cruz-Bartanolis

Cabo Cruz-skæganole

1998 Chamaeleolis agueroi Días, Navarro & Garrido
Anolis agueroi Powell & Henderson 1999
Xiphosurus agueroi Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012

Distribution: Cuba.


Xiphosurus baleatus

Dominica Giant Anole

Dominica-Riesenanolis

Dominica-kæmpeanole

1864 Eupristis baleatus Cope
Anolis ricordii baleatus Mertens 1939
Anolis baleatus Schwartz 1974
Semiurus baleatus Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus baleatus Savage & Guyer 1991 (by implication)
1974 Anolis baleatus caeruleolatus Schwartz
Xiphosurus baleatus caeruleolatus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
1974 Anolis baleatus fraudator Schwartz
Semiurus baleatus fraudator Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus baleatus fraudator Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
1974 Anolis baleatus litorisilva Schwartz
Semiurus baleatus litorisilva Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus baleatus litorisilva Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
1974 Anolis baleatus multistruppus Schwartz
Semiurus baleatus multistruppus Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus baleatus multistruppus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
1974 Anolis baleatus samanae Schwartz
Semiurus baleatus samanae Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus baleatus samanae Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
1974 Anolis baleatus scelestus Schwartz
Semiurus baleatus scelestus Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus baleatus scelestus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
1974 Anolis baleatus sublimis Schwartz
Semiurus baleatus sublimis Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus baleatus sublimis Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
1975 Anolis baleatus altager Schwartz
Semiurus baleatus altager Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus baleatus altager Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
1978 Anolis baleatus lineatacervix Schwartz
Semiurus baleatus lineatacervix Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus baleatus lineatacervix Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012

Introduced to: Surinam.
Distribution: Dominican Republic.


Xiphosurus barahonae

Barahona Giant Anole

Barahona-Riesenanolis

Barahona-kæmpeanole

1962 Anolis ricordii barahonae Williams
Anolis barahonae Schwartz 1974
Semiurus barahonae Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus barahonae Savage & Guyer 1991 (by implication)
1974 Anolis barahonae albocellatus Schwartz
Semiurus barahonae albocellatus Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus barahonae albocellatus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
1980 Anolis barahonae ininquinatus Cullom & Schwartz
Semiurus barahonae ininquinatus Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus barahonae iminquinatus [sic] Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
1980 Anolis barahonae mulitus Cullom & Schwartz
Semiurus barahonae mulitus Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus barahonae mulitus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012

Distribution: Dominican Republic.


Xiphosurus barbatus

Western Bearded Anole

Westlicher Bartanolis

Vestlig Skæganole

1982 Chamaeleolis barbatus Garrido
Anolis barbatus Hass, Hedges & Maxson 1993
Xiphosurus barbatus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012

Distribution: Cuba.


Xiphosurus chamaeleonides

Short-bearded Anole

Kurzbart-Anolis

Kortskægget Anole, Falsk Kamæleon

1837 Anolis chamaeleonides Dumeril & Bibron
Chamaeleolis chamaeleontides [sic] Boulenger 1885
Xiphosurus chamaeleonides Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
1838 Chamaeolis fernandina Cocteau (Schwartz & Henderson 1988)
1843 Pseudochamaeleon cocteaui Fitzinger (Schwartz & Henderson 1988)

Distribution: Cuba (incl. Isla de la Juventud).


Xiphosurus christophei

Big-fanned Trunk Anole

Grosskehliger Baumanolis

Storfanet Træanole

1960 Anolis christophei Williams
Chamaelinorops christophei Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
Xiphosurus christophei Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2014

Distribution: Dominican Republic, Haiti.


Xiphosurus cuvieri

Puerto Rican Giant Anole, (Giant Green Anole)

Puertoricanischer Riesenanolis

Puertoricansk Kæmpeanole

1820 Anolis cuvieri Merrem
Ctenonotus cuvieri Fitzinger 1843
Semiurus cuvieri Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus cuvieri Savage & Guyer 1991 (by implication)
1829 Anolis velifer Cuvier (Schwartz & Henderson 1988)

Remarks: Records from Vieques (Grant 1932), Tortola in the British Virgin Islands (Reinhardt & Lütken 1863, as velifer) and St. John in the U.S. Virgin Islands (Reinhardt & Lütken 1863, as velifer) refer to roosevelti (Kessler 2009).
Distribution: Puerto Rico.


Xiphosurus eugenegrahami

Black Stream Anole

Schwarzer Wasseranolis

Sort Vandanole

1978 Anolis eugenegrahami Schwartz
Ctenonotus eugenegrahami Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus eugenegrahami Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012

Distribution: Haiti.


Xiphosurus guamuhaya

Escambray Bearded Anole

Escambray-Bartanolis

Escambray-skæganole

1991 Chamaeleolis guamuhaya Garrido, Perez-Beato & Moreno
Anolis guamuhaya Hass, Hedges & Maxson 1993
Xiphosurus guamuhaya Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012

Distribution: Cuba.


Xiphosurus landestoyi

Dominican Giant Anole

Dominicanischer Riesenanolis

Dominicansk Kæmpeanole

2016 Anolis landestoyi Mahler, Lambert, Geneva, Ng, Hedges, Losos & Glor
Xiphosurus landestoyi Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2018

Remarks: Not mentioned by Poe, Nieto-Montes de Oca, Torres-Carvajal, Queiroz, Velasco, Truett, Gray, Ryan, Köhler, Ayala-Varela & Latella (2017).
Distribution: Dominican Republic.


Xiphosurus porcus

Oriente Bearded Anole

Oriente-Bartanolis

Oriente-skæganole

1864 Chamaeleolis porcus Cope
Anolis porcus Hass, Hedges & Maxson 1993
Xiphosurus porcus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012

Distribution: Cuba.


Xiphosurus ricordii

Haitian Giant Anole, Hispaniolan Giant Anole

Haiti-Riesenanolis

Haitiansk Kæmpeanole

1837 Anolis ricordii Dumeril & Bibron
Ctenonotus ricordii Fitzinger 1843
Semiurus ricordi Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus ricordi Savage & Guyer 1991 (by implication)
1965 Anolis ricordii leberi Williams
Semiurus ricordi leberi Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus ricordii leberi Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
1974 Anolis ricordi subsolanus Schwartz
Semiurus ricordi subsolanus Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus ricordii subsolanis [sic] Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012
1974 Anolis ricordi viculus Schwartz
Semiurus ricordi viculus Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus ricordii viculus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012

Distribution: Dominican Republic, Haiti.


Xiphosurus roosevelti

Culebra Island Giant Anole, Virgin Islands Giant Anole

Culebra-Riesenanolis

Culebra-kæmpeanole

1931 Anolis roosevelti Grant
Semiurus roosevelti Schwartz & Henderson 1988
Xiphosurus roosevelti Savage & Guyer 1991 (by implication)

Remarks: Known from only eight specimens, collected in the 19th century. Presumably extinct on Culebra and probably also in the remainder of the distribution (Perry & Gerber 2006; Kessler 2009; Edgar 2010).
Distribution: British Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico (Culebra, Vieques), U.S. Virgin Islands.


Xiphosurus sierramaestrae

Sierra Maestra Bearded Anole

Sierra-Maestra-Bartanolis

Sierra Maestra-skæganole

2012 Anolis sierramaestrae Holánová, Rehák & Frynta
Xiphosurus sierramaestrae Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2018

Remarks: Not mentioned by Poe, Nieto-Montes de Oca, Torres-Carvajal, Queiroz, Velasco, Truett, Gray, Ryan, Köhler, Ayala-Varela & Latella (2017).
Distribution: Cuba.