Reptiles of Puerto Rico  Related checklists:  Puerto Rican mainland - Culebra - Desecheo - Mona - Monito - Vieques Bibliography of the reptiles of Puerto Rico Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Puerto Rico Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Amphisbaenidae (Typical Worm Lizards) Genus Amphisbaena (Neotropical Worm Lizards)   * Amphisbaena bakeri Puerto Rican Many-ringed Worm Lizard Gans 2005 Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Amphisbaena caeca Puerto Rican Common Worm Lizard Gans 2005 Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Amphisbaena schmidti Puerto Rican Dusky Worm Lizard Gans 2005 Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012   * Amphisbaena xera Puerto Rican Xeric Worm Lizard Gans 2005 Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alligatoridae (Alligators and Caimans) Genus Caiman (Typical Caimans)   Caiman crocodilus Common Caiman Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Anguidae (Slowworms, etc.) Genus Diploglossus (Neotropical Forest Lizards)   * Diploglossus pleii Puerto Rican Forest Lizard Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schools & Hedges 2021 Schwartz & Henderson 1991  Family Anolidae (Anoles) Genus Ctenonotus (Lesser Antillean Anoles)   * Ctenonotus cooki Guanica Pallid Anole Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   Ctenonotus cristatellus Puerto Rican Crested Anole Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Ctenonotus desechensis Desecheo Anole Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Ctenonotus evermanni Puerto Rican Emerald Anole Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Ctenonotus gundlachi Yellow-chinned Anole Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Ctenonotus krugi Olive Bush Anole Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Ctenonotus monensis Mona Anole Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Ctenonotus poncensis Ponce Small-fanned Anole Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   Ctenonotus pulchellus Puerto Rican Bush Anole Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   Ctenonotus stratulus Puerto Rican Spotted Anole Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991 Genus Deiroptyx (Greater Antillean Anoles)   * Deiroptyx occulta Puerto Rican Twig Anole Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991 Genus Xiphosurus (Sword-tail Giant Anoles)   * Xiphosurus cuvieri Puerto Rican Giant Anole Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   Xiphosurus roosevelti Culebra Island Giant Anole Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Kessler 2009 Kessler 2010 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991  Family Iguanidae (Greater Iguanas) Genus Cyclura (Caribbean Ground Iguanas)   EX Cyclura pinguis Anegada Rock Iguana Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012   * Cyclura stejnegeri Mona Island Rock Iguana Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991  Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos) Genus Phyllodactylus (American Leaf-toed Geckos)   * Phyllodactylus wirshingi Puerto Rican Leaf-toed Gecko Bauer & Russell 2003 Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Spondylurus (Antillean Four-lined Skinks)   * Spondylurus culebrae Culebra Skink Hedges & Conn 2012 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012   * Spondylurus monae Mona Skink Hedges & Conn 2012 Miralles 2006 [as sloanii] Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991 [as sloanei]   * Spondylurus monitae Monito Skink Hedges & Conn 2012 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991 [as sloanei]   * Spondylurus nitidus Puerto Rican Skink Hedges & Conn 2012 Miralles 2006 [as sloanii] Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Sanchez 2013 Schwartz & Henderson 1991 [as sloanei]  Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.) Genus Sphaerodactylus (Least Geckos)   * Sphaerodactylus gaigeae Chevronate Least Gecko Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis Puerto Rican Eyespot Least Gecko Stejneger 1904   * Sphaerodactylus inigoi Vieques Eyespot Least Gecko Thomas & Schwartz 1966   * Sphaerodactylus klauberi Puerto Rican Upland Least Gecko Diaz-Lameiro, Villamil, Gamble, Pinto, Herrera-Martinez, Thomas, Bernstein, Titus-McQuillan, Nielsen, Agosto-Torres, Puente-Rolon, Bird-Pico, Oleksyk, Martinez-Cruzado & Daza 2022 Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Sphaerodactylus levinsi Desecheo Least Gecko Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   Sphaerodactylus macrolepis Virgin Islands Eyespot Least Gecko Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1988 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Sphaerodactylus micropithecus Monito Least Gecko Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Sphaerodactylus monensis Mona Least Gecko Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Sphaerodactylus nicholsi Puerto Rican Crescent Least Gecko Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Sphaerodactylus roosevelti Guanica Khaki Least Gecko Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   Sphaerodactylus townsendi Puerto Rican Sandy Least Gecko Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Sphaerodactylus verdeluzicola Puerto Rican Karst Gecko Diaz-Lameiro, Villamil, Gamble, Pinto, Herrera-Martinez, Thomas, Bernstein, Titus-McQuillan, Nielsen, Agosto-Torres, Puente-Rolon, Bird-Pico, Oleksyk, Martinez-Cruzado & Daza 2022  Family Teiidae (Greater Tejus) Genus Pholidoscelis (Caribbean Ameivas)   * Pholidoscelis alboguttatus Mona Ameiva Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Pholidoscelis desechensis Desecheo Ameiva Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 [as exsul] Schwartz & Henderson 1991   Pholidoscelis exsul Puerto Rican Giant Ameiva Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Pholidoscelis wetmorei Puerto Rican Blue-tailed Ameiva Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Chilabothrus (Slender Boas)   Chilabothrus granti Virgin Islands Boa Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012   * Chilabothrus inornatus Puerto Rican Boa Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Chilabothrus monensis Mona Island Boa Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Borikenophis (Puerto Rican Bank Racers)   Borikenophis portoricensis Puerto Rican Racer Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991 Torres-Santana 2010   * Borikenophis variegatus Mona Island Racer Henderson & Powell 2009 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991 Genus Magliophis (Puerto Rican Bank Ground Snakes)   Magliophis exiguus Virgin Islands Ground Snake Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Magliophis stahli Puerto Rican Ground Snake Henderson & Powell 2009 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Antillotyphlops (Eastern Antillean Blind Snakes)   * Antillotyphlops granti Guanica Blind Snake Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   * Antillotyphlops hypomethes Puerto Rican Coastal Blind Snake Hedges & Thomas 1991 Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012   * Antillotyphlops monensis Mona Blind Snake Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991   Antillotyphlops platycephalus Puerto Rican White-tailed Blind Snake Hedges & Thomas 1991 Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012   Antillotyphlops richardi Virgin Islands Blind Snake Hedges & Thomas 1991 Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Genus Typhlops (Afro-Caribbean Blind Snakes)   * Typhlops rostellatus Puerto Rican Brown-bellied Blind Snake Henderson & Powell 2009 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Schwartz & Henderson 1991

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 King & Burke 1989 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Collazo, Boulon & Tallevast 1992 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Diez & Dam 2002 Diez 2000 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Tucker & Frazer 1991 Velez-Zuazo, Rondon & Diez 2003  Family Emydidae (Western Pond Turtles) Genus Trachemys (Slider Turtles)   Trachemys stejnegeri Central Antillean Slider Fritz & Havas 2006 Henderson & Powell 2009 Iverson 1992 Joglar, Alvarez, Aide, Barber, Burrowes, Garcia, Leon-Cardona, Longo, Perez-Buitrago, Puente, Rios-Lopez & Tolson in Hailey, Wilson & Horrocks 2011 Powell & Henderson (eds.) 2012 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Schwartz & Henderson 1991