Reptiles of Surinam    Bibliography of the reptiles of Surinam Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Surinam Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Amphisbaenidae (Typical Worm Lizards) Genus Amphisbaena (Neotropical Worm Lizards)   Amphisbaena alba Common Red Worm Lizard Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Gans 1962 Hoogmoed 1973   Amphisbaena fuliginosa Spotted Worm Lizard Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Roberto, Muniz Silva, Pinto & Avila 2021 Vanzolini 1951 Vanzolini 2002   * Amphisbaena myersi Surinam Worm Lizard Avila-Pires 2005 Gans 2005 Hoogmoed & Avila-Pires 1991 Hoogmoed 1988   Amphisbaena vanzolinii Marudi Worm Lizard Hoogmoed & Avila-Pires 1991 Hoogmoed 1973

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alligatoridae (Alligators and Caimans) Genus Caiman (Typical Caimans)   Caiman crocodilus Common Caiman Avila-Pires 2005 Busack & Pandya 2001 Jairam 2019 King & Burke 1989 Genus Melanosuchus (Black Caiman)   Melanosuchus niger Black Caiman King & Burke 1989 Medem 1963 Genus Paleosuchus (Dwarf Caimans)   Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cayenne Dwarf Caiman Avila-Pires 2005 King & Burke 1989 Wermuth & Mertens 1977   Paleosuchus trigonatus Northwestern Dwarf Caiman Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Jairam 2019 King & Burke 1989 Watling & Ngadino 2007 [as "cf. trigonatus"]

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alopoglossidae (Fold-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Alopoglossus (Western Shade Tejus)   Alopoglossus angulatus Surinam Shade Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1973 Koehler, Diethert & Vesely 2012 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 [as A. carinicaudatus] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Ribeiro-Junior 2018 Ribeiro-Junior, Choueri, Lobos, Venegas, Torres-Carvajal & Werneck 2020   Alopoglossus brevifrontalis Rio Pastaza Shade Teju Avila-Pires 2005 Harris 1994 Peloso & Avila-Pires 2010 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017  Family Anolidae (Anoles) Genus Dactyloa (Fringe-toed Anoles)   Dactyloa punctata Blue-spotted Green Anole Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Norops (Brilliant Anoles)   Norops auratus Surinam Grass Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Norops chrysolepis Greater Golden-scaled Anole D'Angiolella, Gamble, Avila-Pires, Colli, Noonan & Vitt 2011 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Watling & Ngadino 2007   Norops fuscoauratus Lichen-coloured Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1973 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Sousa & Freire 2010 Watling & Ngadino 2007   Norops ortonii Amazon Bark Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)   Hemidactylus palaichthus Guyana Half-toed Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Powell 1990 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Gymnophthalmidae (Scaly-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Amapasaurus (Amapa Four-toed Spectacled Teju)   Amapasaurus tetradactylus Amapa Four-toed Spectacled Teju Jairam & Jairam-Doerga 2015 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Arthrosaura (Creek Tejus)   Arthrosaura kockii Eastern Creek Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed & Avila-Pires 1992 Jairam 2019 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Watling & Ngadino 2007   Arthrosaura reticulata Western Creek Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed & Avila-Pires 1992 Jairam 2019 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017   Arthrosaura versteegii Cottica Mountains Creek Teju Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Silva 2018 Hoogmoed & Avila-Pires 1992 Jairam 2019 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Genus Bachia (Earless Tejus)   Bachia flavescens Guiana Earless Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 [as "B. flavescens complex"]   Bachia monodactyla One-toed Earless Teju Dixon 1973 Genus Cercosaura (Eastern Shade Tejus)   Cercosaura argulus White-lipped Shade Teju Avila-Pires 2005 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017   Cercosaura ocellata Ocellated Shade Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dantas Sales, Silva Jorge, Meira-Ribeiro & Xavier Freire 2014 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Doan & Lamar 2012 Hoogmoed 1973 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Sturaro, Rodrigues, Colli, Knowles & Avila-Pires 2018 Watling & Ngadino 2007 [as "cf. ocellata"] Genus Gymnophthalmus (Snake-eyed Tejus)   Gymnophthalmus underwoodi Smooth-scaled Snake-eyed Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Dessauer & Markezich 1993 Cole, Dessauer, Townsend & Arnold 1990 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1973 Recoder, Vechio, Marques-Souza, Teixeira, Silva-da-Silva, Santos Junior, Ribeiro, Barrio-Amoros & Rodrigues 2018 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Snyder, Schmidt, McMullin, Parker & Ferus 2017 Genus Iphisa (Glossy Shade Teju)   Iphisa elegans Glossy Shade Teju Andrade, Santos, Kawashita-Ribeiro & Vaz-Silva 2013 Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Dixon 1974 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Watling & Ngadino 2007 Genus Loxopholis (Western Root Tejus)   Loxopholis guianensis Guyana Root Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Uzzell & Barry 1971 Watling & Ngadino 2007   Loxopholis percarinata Striped Root Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Marques Souza, Pellegrino, Sales Nunes, Teixeira Junior, Gordo, Carvalho, Almeida, Oliveira, Frazao, Hrbek, Pires Farias & Rodrigues 2015 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Neusticurus (Guianan Water Tejus)   Neusticurus bicarinatus Two-keeled Water Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Marques-Souza, Prates, Fouquet, Camacho, Kok, Nunes, Vechio, Recoder, Mejia, Teixeira-Junior, Barrio-Amoros, Cassimiro, Lima, Sena & Rodrigues 2018 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017   Neusticurus surinamensis Surinam Water Teju Avila-Pires 1995 [as rudis] Avila-Pires 2005 [as rudis] Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 [as rudis] Hoogmoed 1973 [as rudis] Jairam 2019 [as N. rudis] Kok, Bittenbinder, Berg, Souza, Nunes, Laking, Teixeira Junior, Fouquet, Means, MacCulloch & Rodrigues 2018 Marques-Souza, Prates, Fouquet, Camacho, Kok, Nunes, Vechio, Recoder, Mejia, Teixeira-Junior, Barrio-Amoros, Cassimiro, Lima, Sena & Rodrigues 2018 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 [as rudis] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 [as rudis] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 [as rudis] Uzzell 1966 [as rudis] Watling & Ngadino 2007 [as rudis] Genus Tretioscincus (Skink Tejus)   Tretioscincus agilis Agile Skink Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017  Family Iguanidae (Greater Iguanas) Genus Iguana (Green Iguanas)   Iguana iguana South American Green Iguana Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Etheridge in Burghardt & Rand 1982 Hoogmoed 1973 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos) Genus Thecadactylus (Turnip-tailed Geckos)   Thecadactylus rapicauda Northern Turnip-tailed Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Bergmann & Russell 2007 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Koehler & Vesely 2011 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1968  Family Polychrotidae (Monkey Lizards) Genus Polychrus (Monkey Lizards)   Polychrus marmoratus Marbled Monkey Lizard Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Murphy, Lehtinen, Charles, Wasserman, Anton & Brennan 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Copeoglossum (Neotropical Spotted Skinks)   Copeoglossum nigropunctatum Black-spotted Skink Avila-Pires 2005 Blackburn & Vitt 1992 [as Mabuya bistriata] Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hedges & Conn 2012 Jairam 2019 Miralles, Barrio-Amoros, Rivas & Chaparro-Auza 2006 Miralles, Rivas-Fuenmayor & Barrio-Amoros 2005 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Watling & Ngadino 2007  Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.) Genus Chatogekko (Pug-nosed Dwarf Gecko)   Chatogekko amazonicus Pug-nosed Dwarf Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Gamble, Daza, Colli, Vitt & Bauer 2011 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Coleodactylus (Sheath-toed Pygmy Geckos)   Coleodactylus septentrionalis Northern Pygmy Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1985 Genus Gonatodes (American Padless Geckos)   Gonatodes annularis Ringed Padless Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Kok 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2011 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2013 Watling & Ngadino 2007 Wermuth 1965   Gonatodes humeralis Bridled Forest Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1968 Watling & Ngadino 2007 Genus Pseudogonatodes (South American Pygmy Geckos)   Pseudogonatodes guianensis Amazon Pygmy Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Teiidae (Greater Tejus) Genus Ameiva (South American Ameivas)   Ameiva ameiva South American Giant Ameiva Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Watling & Ngadino 2007 Genus Cnemidophorus (Southern Whiptails)   Cnemidophorus cryptus Bolivar Whiptail Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016   Cnemidophorus lemniscatus Rainbow Whiptail Avila-Pires 1995 [as "cf. lemniscatus"] Avila-Pires 2005 Cole & Dessauer 1993 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 McCranie & Hedges 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016   * Cnemidophorus pseudolemniscatus Surinam Whiptail Avila-Pires 2005 Cole & Dessauer 1993 Genus Kentropyx (Spurred Whiptails)   Kentropyx borckiana Guyana Whiptail Avila-Pires 2005 Gallagher & Dixon 1992 Hoogmoed 1973   Kentropyx calcarata Striped Forest Whiptail Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Gallagher & Dixon 1992 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Watling & Ngadino 2007   Kentropyx striata Surinam Striped Whiptail Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Gallagher & Dixon 1992 Hoogmoed 1973 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Tupinambis (Northern Tejus)   Tupinambis cryptus Northern Black-and-White Teju Silva, Ribeiro-Junior & Avila-Pires 2018 [based on map]   Tupinambis teguixin Amazonian Black-and-White Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Jairam 2019 Koehler & Langerwerf 2000 Murphy, Jowers, Lehtinen, Charles, Colli, Peres, Hendry & Pyron 2016 [based on map] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Ribeiro-Junior & Avila-Pires 2018 Watling & Ngadino 2007  Family Tropiduridae (Rough-tailed Iguanas) Genus Plica (Tree Runners)   Plica plica Collared Tree Runner Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Etheridge 1970 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Murphy & Jowers 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Watling & Ngadino 2007   Plica umbra Smooth-necked Tree Runner Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Etheridge 1970 Hoogmoed 1973 Jairam 2019 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Tropidurus (Eastern Keel-tailed Iguanas)   Tropidurus hispidus Spotted Keel-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Carvalho 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Sousa Abreu, Frota & Yuki 2002 Genus Uracentron (South American Spiny-tailed Iguanas)   Uracentron azureum Green Spiny-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Etheridge 1968 Hoogmoed 1973 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Uranoscodon (Mop-headed Iguana)   Uranoscodon superciliosus Mop-headed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Howland, Vitt & Lopez 1990 Ribeiro-Junior 2015

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Aniliidae (South American Pipe Snake) Genus Anilius (South American Pipe Snake)   Anilius scytale South American Pipe Snake Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Jairam 2019 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014  Family Anomalepididae (Neotropical Blind Snakes) Genus Typhlophis (Cayenne Blind Snake)   Typhlophis squamosus Cayenne Blind Snake Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Boa (Red-tailed Boas)   Boa constrictor South American Red-tailed Boa Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Genus Corallus (Tree Boas)   Corallus caninus Northern Emerald Tree Boa Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Henderson, Passos & Feitosa 2009 Jairam 2019   Corallus hortulana Amazon Tree Boa Abuys 1982 [as enydris] Avila-Pires 2005 Henderson 1993 [as enydris] Henderson 1997 Henderson 2002 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Genus Epicrates (Rainbow Boas)   Epicrates cenchria Common Rainbow Boa Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Passos & Fernandes 2008   Epicrates maurus Northern Rainbow Boa Abuys 1989 Avila-Pires 2005 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Genus Eunectes (Anacondas)   Eunectes murinus Green Anaconda Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Dirksen 2000 Dirksen 2002  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Apostolepis (Black-tailed Blackheads)   Apostolepis nigrolineata Para Blackhead Lema, Queiroz & Martins 2017   Apostolepis quinquelineata Five-lined Blackhead Avila-Pires 2005 Genus Atractus (Spindle Snakes)   Atractus badius Guianan Spindle Snake Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1980 Jairam 2019 Koehler & Kieckbusch 2014 Passos, Melo-Sampaio, Ramos, Grazziotin, Fouquet & Torres-Carvajal 2022 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as subbicinctum] Schargel, Lamar, Passos, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia & Campbell 2013 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atractus elaps Black Spindle Snake Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1980   Atractus favae Surinam Spindle Snake Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1980   Atractus flammigerus Flaming Spindle Snake Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1980 Passos, Ramos, Fouquet & Prudente 2017 Schargel, Lamar, Passos, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia & Campbell 2013   Atractus latifrons Wedge-tailed Spindle Snake Abuys 1983 Almeida, Feitosa, Passos & Prudente 2014 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1980 Martins & Oliveira 1993   Atractus schach Mamadam Spindle Snake Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1980 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Costa Prudente & Torres-Carvajal 2019   Atractus torquatus Rusty Spindle Snake Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1980 Koehler & Kieckbusch 2014 Passos & Prudente 2012   Atractus trilineatus Venezuelan Three-lined Spindle Snake Koehler & Kieckbusch 2014   Atractus zidoki Haut Oyapock Spindle Snake Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Hoogmoed 1980 Prudente & Passos 2010 Genus Cercophis (Atlantic Forest Liana Snake)   Cercophis auratus Atlantic Forest Liana Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Bezerra, Ferreira-Guilhon, Lima-Ramos & Borges-Nojosa 2020 Hoogmoed 1997 Hoogmoed, Fernandes, Kucharzewski, Moura-Leite, Bernils, Entiauspe-Neto & Santos 2019 Vanzolini 1986 Genus Chironius (Sipos)   Chironius carinatus Yellow-lipped Sipo Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Jairam 2019   Chironius exoletus Green Sipo Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993   Chironius fuscus Brown Sipo Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Jairam 2019   Chironius monticola Mountain Sipo Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993   Chironius multiventris Peruvian Sipo Abuys 1982 [as cochranae] Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 [as cochranae]   Chironius scurrulus Rusty Sipo Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Genus Chlorosoma (Green Bush Racers)   Chlorosoma viridissimum Emerald Bush Racer Abuys 1985 Avila-Pires 2005 Freitas, Franca & Bernarde 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Thomas 1976 Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)   Clelia clelia Common Snake Eater Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Zaher 1996 Genus Dendrophidion (Forest Racers)   Dendrophidion dendrophis Tawny Forest Racer Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Dipsas catesbyi Ornate Snail Eater Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Jairam 2019 Lima & Prudente 2009 Sanchez-Martinez, Franca & Trevine 2022 Watling & Ngadino 2007   Dipsas copei Guianan Snail Eater Abuys 1983 Fernandes, Marques & Argolo 2010   Dipsas incerta South American Banded Snail Eater Passos, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004   Dipsas indica Big-headed Snail Eater Abuys 1983 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Jairam 2019   Dipsas pavonina Northern Snail Eater Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Lima & Prudente 2009   Dipsas variegata Many-banded Snail Eater Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Genus Drepanoides (Amazon Egg Eater)   Drepanoides anomalus Amazon Egg Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Guedes, Queiroz, Sousa & Hamdan 2020 Genus Drymarchon (Indigo Snakes and Cribos)   Drymarchon corais Yellow-tailed Cribo Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Wuster, Yrausquin & Mijares-Urrutia 2001 Genus Drymobius (Central American Racers)   Drymobius rhombifer Diamondback Racer Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Genus Drymoluber (Glossy Racers)   Drymoluber dichrous Northern Glossy Racer Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Caldeira-Costa, Ribeiro-Moura & Neves-Feio 2013 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Dryophylax (Northern Mock Vipers)   Dryophylax ramonriveroi Turimiquire Mock Viper Bailey & Thomas 2007 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)   Erythrolamprus aesculapii Southern Mock Coral Snake Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007   Erythrolamprus breviceps Short-headed Smooth Snake Abuys 1984 Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon 1989 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970   Erythrolamprus cobellus South American Red-bellied Smooth Snake Abuys 1984 Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon 1989   Erythrolamprus miliaris Military Smooth Snake Abuys 1984 [as purpurans] Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989   Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus Yellow-bellied Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon 1989   Erythrolamprus reginae Northern Royal Smooth Snake Abuys 1984 Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Dixon 1989 Murphy, Braswell, Charles, Auguste, Rivas, Borzee, Lehtinen & Jowers 2019   Erythrolamprus typhlus Velvety Smooth Snake Abuys 1984 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Dixon 1987 Dixon 1989 Genus Helicops (South American Keelbacks)   Helicops angulatus Brown-banded Keelback Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Roberto, Ribeiro, Sousa-Delfino & Oliveira-Almeida 2009   Helicops leopardinus Leopard Keelback Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Genus Hydrodynastes (False Water Cobras)   Hydrodynastes bicinctus Two-banded False Water Cobra Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005   Hydrodynastes gigas Giant False Water Cobra Franco, Fernandes & Bentim 2007 Genus Hydrops (South American Mud Snakes)   Hydrops triangularis Red-sided Mud Snake Abuys 1984 Albuquerque & Lema 2008 Avila-Pires 2005 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Roze 1957 Genus Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes)   Imantodes cenchoa Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake Abuys 1984 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007   Imantodes lentiferus Amazon Blunt-headed Tree Snake Abuys 1984 Avila-Pires 2005 Frota, Missassi, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2015 Genus Leptodeira (Typical Cat-eyed Snakes)   Leptodeira annulata South American Banded Cat-eyed Snake Abuys 1984 Avila-Pires 2005 Barrio-Amoros 2019 Duellman 1958 Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)   Leptophis ahaetulla Common Green Parrot Snake Abuys 1983 Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Oliver 1948 Genus Lygophis (South American Striped Ground Snakes)   Lygophis lineatus Western Striped Ground Snake Abuys 1984 Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon 1989 Michaud & Dixon 1987 Genus Mastigodryas (Neotropical Lizard Eaters)   Mastigodryas boddaerti Brown Lizard Eater Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Jairam 2019 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019   Mastigodryas pleei Many-lined Lizard Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Genus Ninia (Coffee Snakes)   Ninia hudsoni Guyana White-collared Coffee Snake Abuys 1985 Genus Oxybelis (Neotropical Vine Snakes)   Oxybelis fulgidus Green Vine Snake Abuys 1985 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007   Oxybelis rutherfordi Trinidad Vine Snake Abuys 1985 [as aeneus] Avila-Pires 2005 [as aeneus] Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 [as aeneus] Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)   Oxyrhopus melanogenys Black-headed Calico Snake Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 [as "cf. melanogenys"]   Oxyrhopus occipitalis Northern Calico Snake Abuys 1985 [as formosus] Avila-Pires 1995 [as formosus] Avila-Pires 2005 [as formosus] Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 [as formosus] Jairam 2019 [as O. formosus] MacCulloch, Lathrop, Kok, Ernst & Kalamandeen 2009 Watling & Ngadino 2007 [as formosus]   Oxyrhopus petolarius Banded Calico Snake Abuys 1985 Avila-Pires 2005 Genus Palusophis (Eastern Lizard Eater)   Palusophis bifossatus Eastern Lizard Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Genus Philodryas (South American Bush Racers)   Philodryas olfersii Common Green Bush Racer Abuys 1985 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Thomas 1976 Genus Phimophis (South American Shovel-nosed Snakes)   Phimophis guianensis Northern Tropical Shovel-nosed Snake Abuys 1985 Avila-Pires 2005 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Phrynonax (Neotropical Bird Snakes)   Phrynonax sexcarinatus Southern Bird Snake Abuys 1986 [as polylepis] Avila-Pires 2005 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Genus Pseudoboa (Neotropical Scarlet Snakes)   Pseudoboa coronata Black-headed Scarlet Snake Abuys 1985 Avila-Pires 2005 Caldeira Costa, Cotta & MacCulloch 2015   Pseudoboa neuwiedii Northern Scarlet Snake Abuys 1985 Avila-Pires 2005 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Pseudoeryx (Dusky Mud Snakes)   Pseudoeryx plicatilis Dusky Mud Snake Abuys 1986 Avila-Pires 2005 Scartozzoni, Trevine & Germano 2010 Genus Rhinobothryum (Ringed Snakes)   Rhinobothryum lentiginosum Amazon Ringed Snake Abuys 1986 Avila-Pires 2005 Genus Sibon (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Sibon nebulatus Cloudy Snail Eater Abuys 1986 Avila-Pires 2005 Harvey 2008 Peters 1960 Genus Siphlophis (Liana Snakes)   Siphlophis cervinus Common Liana Snake Abuys 1986 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007   Siphlophis compressus Red-headed Liana Snake Abuys 1986 Avila-Pires 2005 Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)   Spilotes pullatus Chicken Snake Abuys 1983 Avila-Pires 2005   Spilotes sulphureus Yellow-bellied Puffing Snake Abuys 1986 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Taeniophallus (Lowland Dwarf Leaf-litter Snakes)   Taeniophallus brevirostris Short-nosed Leaf-litter Snake Abuys 1986 Avila-Pires 2005   Taeniophallus nicagus Northern Leaf-litter Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Jairam 2017 Myers & Cadle 1994 Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)   Tantilla melanocephala South American Black-headed Centipede Snake Abuys 1986 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Wilson 1987 Genus Thalesius (Guiana Green Snake)   Thalesius viridis Guiana Green Snake Abuys 1986 [as Xenodon werneri] Avila-Pires 2005 [as Xenodon werneri] Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Hoogmoed 1985 [as Xenodon werneri] Genus Thamnodynastes (South American Mock Vipers)   Thamnodynastes pallidus Common South American Mock Viper Abuys 1986 Avila-Pires 2005 Bailey, Thomas & Silva 2005 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes)   Xenodon merremii Toad-eating Mock Lancehead Abuys 1986 Avila-Pires 2005 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970   Xenodon rabdocephalus Common Mock Lancehead Abuys 1986 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007   Xenodon severus Giant Mock Lancehead Abuys 1986 Avila-Pires 2005 Genus Xenopholis (South American Flat-headed Snakes)   Xenopholis scalaris Northern Flat-headed Snake Abuys 1986 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Genus Xenoxybelis (South American Vine Snakes)   Xenoxybelis argenteus Green-striped Vine Snake Abuys 1985 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Leptomicrurus (Black-backed Coral Snakes)   Leptomicrurus collaris Guianan Black-backed Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Roze 1996 Genus Micrurus (American Coral Snakes)   Micrurus averyi Black-headed Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004   Micrurus diutius Trinidad Ribbon Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Roze 1996   Micrurus hemprichii Worm-eating Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde, Turci, Abegg & Franco 2018 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Roze 1996   Micrurus lemniscatus Northern Ribbon Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Roze 1996   Micrurus paraensis Para Coral Snake Feitosa, Prudente & Lima 2007 Roze 1996   Micrurus psyches Carib Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Roze 1996   Micrurus surinamensis Amazonian Aquatic Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Roze 1996  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Epictia (Neotropical Thread Snakes)   Epictia tenella Guyana Thread Snake Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 [as albifrons] Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Jairam 2019 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 [as albifrons] Wallach 2016 Genus Habrophallos (Collared Thread Snake)   Habrophallos collaris Collared Thread Snake Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Francisco, Pinto & Fernandes 2012 Hahn 1980 Hoogmoed 1977 Martins, Koch, Pinto, Folly, Fouquet & Passos 2019 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Ouboter & Hoogmoed 2017 Wallach 2016 Genus Siagonodon (Mandible-toothed Thread Snakes)   Siagonodon cupinensis Mato Grosso Thread Snake Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Francisco, Pinto & Fernandes 2018 Hahn 1980 Hoogmoed 1977 Jairam 2019 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Pinto & Curcio 2011   Siagonodon septemstriatus Eastern Seven-lined Thread Snake Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Pinto & Curcio 2011 Genus Trilepida (Three-scaled Thread Snakes)   Trilepida dimidiata Dainty Thread Snake Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1977 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Pinto & Fernandes 2012   Trilepida macrolepis Large-scaled Thread Snake Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Pinto & Fernandes 2017  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Amerotyphlops (American Blind Snakes)   Amerotyphlops brongersmianus Bahia Blind Snake Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon & Hendricks 1979 Graboski, Arredondo, Grazziotin, Silva, Prudente, Rodrigues, Bonatto & Zaher 2019 Loebmann 2008 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999   Amerotyphlops reticulatus Reticulated Blind Snake Abuys 1982 Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Dixon & Hendricks 1979 Graboski, Arredondo, Grazziotin, Silva, Prudente, Rodrigues, Bonatto & Zaher 2019 Hahn 1980 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)   Bothrops atrox Common Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Jairam 2019 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021 Watling & Ngadino 2007   Bothrops bilineatus Two-striped Forest Pitviper Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Jairam 2019 Watling & Ngadino 2007   Bothrops oligobalius Northern Velvety Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 [as B. brazili] Campbell & Lamar 2004 [as B. brazili] Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 [as B. brazili] Jairam 2019 [as B. brazili] Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops taeniatus Speckled Forest Pitviper Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Souza, Venancio, Freitas, Souza & Verissimo 2013 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021 Genus Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)   Crotalus durissus South American Rattlesnake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Genus Lachesis (Bushmasters)   Lachesis muta South American Bushmaster Avila-Pires 2005 Barrio-Amoros, Corrales, Rodriguez, Culebras, Dwyer & Flores 2020 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Zamudio & Greene 1997

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Chelidae (Austro-American Side-necked Turtles) Genus Chelus (Matamatas)   Chelus fimbriata Southern Matamata Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vargas-Ramirez, Caballero, Morales-Betancourt, Lasso, Amaya, Martinez, Silva Viana, Vogt, Pires Farias, Hrbek, Campbell & Fritz 2020 Genus Mesoclemmys (Hump-backed Toad-headed Turtles)   Mesoclemmys gibba Gibba Toad-headed Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Fritz & Havas 2006 King & Burke 1989 Lima Silveira 2011 Mittermeier, Rhodin, Medem, Soini, Hoogmoed & Espinoza 1978 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Mesoclemmys nasuta Guianan Toad-headed Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Iverson 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Platemys (Twist-necked Turtle)   Platemys platycephala Twist-necked Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Jairam 2019 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Watling & Ngadino 2007  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 King & Burke 1989 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Schulz in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 King & Burke 1989 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Schulz in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 King & Burke 1989 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Schulz in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 King & Burke 1989 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Schulz in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 King & Burke 1989 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Schulz in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982  Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles) Genus Rhinoclemmys (Neotropical Wood Turtles)   Rhinoclemmys punctularia Eastern Spotted-legged Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Watling & Ngadino 2007 Wermuth & Mertens 1977  Family Kinosternidae (American Mud and Musk Turtles) Genus Kinosternon (American Mud Turtles)   Kinosternon scorpioides Scorpion Mud Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Berry & Iverson 2011 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 Jairam 2019 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Podocnemididae (Giant Side-necked Turtles) Genus Podocnemis (South American Side-necked River Turtles)   Podocnemis unifilis Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Chelonoidis (South American Tortoises)   Chelonoidis carbonarius South American Red-footed Tortoise Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Chelonoidis denticulatus South American Yellow-footed Tortoise Avila-Pires 2005 Dijn, Molgo, Marty, Luger, Ringler, Crothers, Noonan & Fitzgerald 2007 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021