Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk). Latest update: December 31st, 2022.




 



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Genus
Mesoclemmys

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Hump-backed Toad-headed Turtles
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Buckel-Krötenkopfschildkröten
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Pukkelryggede Tudsehovedskildpadder
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1873 |  |
Mesoclemmys Gray (type species: Emys gibba Schweigger 1812) |
1909 |  |
Batrachemys Stejneger (type species: Emys nasuta Schweigger 1812; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
2001 |  |
Bufocephala McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Lamar (type species: Phrynops vanderhaegei Bour 1973; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |

Contents:
9 species, of which 4 (44.4%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0% 100%
Other common names:
Batrachemys: Greater Toad-headed Turtles
Remarks:
Previously included in
Phrynops (e.g., Iverson 1992).
Formerly included Ranacephala and Rhinemys.
Distribution:
South America.
Reported from:
Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Distrito Federal,
Espirito Santo,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Paraiba,
Parana,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Norte,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Sao Paulo,
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Paraguay,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Trinidad),
Venezuela.
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Mesoclemmys dahli

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Colombian Toad-headed Turtle, (Dahl's Toad-headed Turtle)
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Kolumbianische Krötenkopfschildkröte
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Colombiansk Tudsehovedskildpadde
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1958 |  |
Phrynops (Batrachemys) dahli Zangerl & Medem |
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Batrachemys dahli Wermuth & Mertens 1961 |
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Phrynops nasutus dahli Wermuth & Mertens 1977 |
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Mesoclemmys dahli Bour & Zaher 2005 |

Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of nasuta (e.g., Wermuth & Mertens 1977).
Distribution:
Colombia.
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Mesoclemmys gibba

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Gibba Toad-headed Turtle, Gibba Turtle, Keel-backed Side-necked Turtle, Lesser Toad-headed Turtle
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Gewöhnliche Buckel-Krötenkopfschildkröte
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Lille Tudsehovedskildpadde
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1812 |  |
Emys gibba Schweigger |
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Rhinemys gibba Wagler 1830 |
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Hydraspis cayennensis gibba Gray 1831 |
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Platemys gibba Duméril & Bibron 1835 |
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Hydraspis gibba Fitzinger 1835 |
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Phrynops gibbus Diesing 1850 |
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Mesoclemmys gibba Gray 1873 |
1824 |  |
Emys stenops Spix (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Hydraspis stenops Bell 1828 |
1835 |  |
Hydraspis miliusii Duméril & Bibron (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Phrynops ? miliusii Gray 1844 |
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Hydraspis miliusii Gray 1856 |
1868 |  |
Hydraspis gordoni Gray (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
1873 |  |
Hydraspis bicolor Gray (Fritz & Havas 2006) |

Distribution:
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Trinidad),
Venezuela.
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Mesoclemmys nasuta

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Guianan Toad-headed Turtle, Common Toad-headed Turtle
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Guayana-Krötenkopfschildkröte
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Guyana-tudsehovedskildpadde
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1812 |  |
Emys nasuta Schweigger |
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Rhinemys nasuta Wagler 1830 |
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Hydraspis nasuta Bonaparte 1836 |
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Platemys nasuta Strauch 1862 |
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Batrachemys nasuta Stejneger 1909 |
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Phrynops nasuta Zangerl & Medem 1958 |
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Mesoclemmys nasuta Bour & Zaher 2005 |
1829 |  |
Emys barbatula Gravenhorst (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Hydraspis barbatula Gray 1831 |
1835 |  |
Platemys schweiggeri Duméril & Bibron (Fritz & Havas 2006) |

Remarks:
Records from Bolivia (e.g., Wermuth & Mertens 1977) refer to raniceps, which was previously regarded as a synonym of nasuta. Records from Venezuela are erroneous (Rivas, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amorós & Kok 2012; Rivas, Barros, Barros-Molina, Trebbau & Pritchard 2015).
Distribution:
Brazil
(Amapa,
Para),
French Guiana,
Surinam.
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Mesoclemmys perplexa

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Piaui Toad-headed Turtle, Canyon Turtle
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Piaui-Krötenkopfschildkröte
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Piaui-tudsehovedskildpadde
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2005 |  |
Mesoclemmys perplexa Bour & Zaher |

Distribution:
Brazil
(Ceara,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Piaui).
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Mesoclemmys raniceps

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Amazon Toad-headed Turtle
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Amazonas-Krötenkopfschildkröte
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Amazonas-tudsehovedskildpadde
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1856 |  |
Hydraspis raniceps Gray |
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Platemys raniceps Strauch 1862 |
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Phrynops raniceps Bour & Pauler 1987 |
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Batrachemys raniceps Cabrera 1998 |
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Mesoclemmys raniceps Bour & Zaher 2005 |
2001 |  |
Batrachemys heliostemma McCord, Mehdi & Lamar (syn. Cunha, Fernandes, Franco & Vogt 2019) |
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Mesoclemmys heliostemma Bour & Zaher 2005 |
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Mesoclemmys raniceps heliostemma Artner 2008 |
2021 |  |
Mesoclemmys jurutiensis Cunha, Sampaio, Carneiro & Vogt (syn. Gallego-García, Ihlow, Ettmar, Iverson & Fritz 2023) |

Other common names:
jurutiensis: Juruti Toad-headed Turtle, Little-Amazon Toad-headed Turtle, Black-headed Amazon Turtle
Remarks:
Previously included wermuthi.
Formerly regarded as a synonym of nasuta (e.g., Wermuth & Mertens 1977).
Raised to full species status by Bour & Pauler (1987).
Records from Venezuela are erroneous or based on misidentifications (Rivas, Barros, Barros-Molina, Trebbau & Pritchard 2015).
The taxon heliostemma has been suggested to be a synonym of raniceps
(e.g., Rueda-Almonacid, Carr, Mittermeier, Rodríguez-Mahecha, Mast, Vogt, Rhodin, Ossa-Velásquez, Rueda & Mittermeier 2007),
or a valid species
(e.g., Molina, Machado & Zaher (2012).
Demonstrated to be a synonym of raniceps by Cunha, Fernandes, Franco & Vogt (2019).
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Mato Grosso,
Para,
Rondonia,
Roraima),
Colombia,
Ecuador,
Peru.
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Mesoclemmys tuberculata

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Tuberculate Toad-headed Turtle
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Raue Krötenkopfschildkröte
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Ruskjoldet Tudsehovedskildpadde
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1926 |  |
Rhinemys tuberculata Luederwaldt |
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Batrachemys tuberculata Fróes 1957 |
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Phrynops tuberculata Zangerl & Medem 1958 |
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Mesoclemmys tuberculata Bour & Zaher 2005 |

Distribution:
Brazil
(Alagoas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Maranhao,
Minas Gerais,
Paraiba,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio Grande do Norte,
Sergipe).
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Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei

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Tobati Toad-headed Turtle, (Vanderhaege's Toad-headed Turtle)
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Südliche Krötenkopfschildkröte
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Sydlig Tudsehovedskildpadde
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1973 |  |
Phrynops tuberculatus vanderhaegei Bour |
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Phrynops vanderhaegei Pritchard 1979 |
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Batrachemys vanderhaegei Lema 1994 |
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Bufocephala vanderhaegei McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Lamar 2001 |
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Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei Bour & Zaher 2005 |
2022 |  |
Mesoclemmys sabiniparaensis Cunha, Sampaio, Carneiro, Vogt, Mittermeier, Rhodin & Andrade (syn. Gallego-García, Ihlow, Ettmar, Iverson & Fritz 2023) |

Other common names:
sabiniparaensis: Araguaia Toad-headed Turtle
Distribution:
Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Distrito Federal,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Para,
Parana,
Sao Paulo,
Tocantins),
Paraguay.
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Mesoclemmys wermuthi

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Black-lined Toad-headed Turtle, (Wermuth's Toad-headed Turtle)
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Schwarzgestreifte Krötenkopfschildkröte
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Sortstribet Tudsehovedskildpadde
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1969 |  |
Phrynops wermuthi Mertens |
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Phrynops nasutus wermuthi Lescure & Fretey 1975 |
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Phrynops tuberculatus wermuthi Freiberg 1981 |
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Batrachemys nasutus wermuthi Pincheira-Donoso 2002 |
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Batrachemys raniceps wermuthi Joseph-Ouni 2004 |
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Mesoclemmys wermuthi Cunha, Fernandes, Franco & Vogt 2019 |

Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of raniceps (e.g., Fritz & Havas 2006).
Revalidated as a separate species by Cunha, Fernandes, Franco & Vogt (2019).
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Amazonas,
Mato Grosso,
Para,
Rondonia),
Colombia,
Peru.
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Mesoclemmys zuliae

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Zulia Toad-headed Turtle
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Zulia-Krötenkopfschildkröte
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Venezuelansk Tudsehovedskildpadde
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1984 |  |
Phrynops zuliae Pritchard & Trebbau |
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Batrachemys zuliae Groombridge 1988 |
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Mesoclemmys zuliae Bour & Zaher 2005 |

Distribution:
Venezuela.
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