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Taxonomy of the genus Nerodia Biodiversity of the family Colubridae

Bibliography of the genus
Nerodia (North American Water Snakes)

(Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Nerodia in general

Allen, B.A.; Burghardt, G.M.; York, D.S. 1984. Species and sex differences in substrate preference and tongue flick rate in three sympatric species of water snakes (Nerodia). Journal of Comparative Psychology 98(4): 358-367.

Allen, E.R.; Neill, W.T. 1957. The water snake. Florida Wild Life 1952 [1957]: unpaginated.

Balfour, P.S.; Stitt, E.W. 2008. Transcontinental introductions of watersnakes (Nerodia) into California. Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest Conference 23: 301-303.

Bartlett, R.D. 2001. Notes on the American Water Snakes: genus Nerodia. Reptile & Amphibian Hobbyist 6(5): 46-54.

Blaney, R.M.; Blaney, P.K. 1979. The Nerodia sipedon complex of water snakes in Mississippi and southeastern Louisiana. Herpetologica 35(4): 350-359.

Chiasson, R.B.; Lowe, C.H. 1989. Ultrastructural Scale Patterns in Nerodia and Thamnophis. Journal of Herpetology 23(2): 109-118.

Clay, W.M. 1938. A synopsis of the North American water snakes of the genus Natrix. Copeia 1938: 173-182.

Cliburn, J.W. 1975. Diel activity of Natrix in Bear Creek, Tishomingo County, Mississippi. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences 19: 160-163.

Cochran, P.A. 1986. Opportunistic scavenging by a garter snake in Colorado. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 21(3-4): 94-95.

Conant, R. 1961. Comments on the distribution of Natrix and Thamnophis eques in Mexico. Journal Ohio Herpetological Society 3(2): 27.

Conant, R. 1969. A review of the water snakes of the genus Natrix in Mexico. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 142: 1-140.

Densmore, L.D.; Rose, F.L.; Kain, S.J. 1992. Mitochondrial DNA evolution and speciation in water snakes (genus Nerodia) with special reference to Nerodia harteri. Herpetologica 48(1): 60-68.

Dwyer, C.M.; Kaiser, H. 1997. Relationship between skull form and prey selection in the thamnophiine snake genera Nerodia and Regina. Journal of Herpetology 31(4): 463-475.

Eberle, W.G. 1972. Comparative chromosomal morphology of the New World natricine snake genera Natrix and Regina. Herpetologica 28(2): 98-105.

Ferrier, W. 2000. Nerodia, New World Water Snakes. Reptilia (GB) 13: 56-64.

Fontenot, L.W.; Platt, S.G.; Dwyer, C.M. 1993. Observations on crayfish predation by water snakes, Nerodia (Reptilia: Colubridae). Brimleyana 19: 95-99.

Franklin, L. 1975. Care and feeding of native water snakes (genus Natrix). Bulletin Chicago Herpetological Society 10(1-2): 2-9.

Gibbons, J.W.; Dorcas, M.E. 2004. North American watersnakes. A natural history. University of Oklahoma, Norman. 496 pp.

Gregory, P.T. 2009. Variation in size of cover used by watersnakes (Nerodia): do smaller snakes use smaller rocks? Acta Oecologica 35(2): 182-187.

Hampton, P.M. 2011. Comparison of cranial form and function in association with diet in natricine snakes. Journal of Morphology 272(12): 1435-1443.

Hanebrink, E.; Byrd, W. 1986. Species composition and diversity of water snake (Nerodia sp.) populations in northeastern Arkansas. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 21(3-4): 72-78.

Hebrard, J.J.; Mushinsky, H.R. 1978. Habitat use by five sympatric water snakes in a Louisiana swamp. Herpetologica 34(3): 306-311.

Hoser, R.T. 2012. Two new genera of water snake from North America. The subdivision of the genera Regina Baird and Girard, 1853 and Nerodia Baird and Girard, 1853 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae). Australasian Journal of Herpetology 11: 28-31.

Keck, M.B. 1998. Habitat use by semi-aquatic snakes at ponds on a reclaimed strip mine. Southwestern Naturalist 43(1): 13-19.

Kochman, H.I. 1977. Differentiation and hybridization in the Natrix fasciata complex (Reptilia: Serpentes): a non-morphological approach. Herpetological Review 8(3)(Suppl.): 11.

Kofron, C.P. 1978. Foods and habitats of aquatic snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes) in a Louisiana swamp. Journal of Herpetology 12(4): 543-554.

Lawson, R. 1987. Molecular studies of thamnophiine snakes: 1. The phylogeny of the genus Nerodia. Journal of Herpetology 21(2): 140-157.

Lawson, R.; Meier, A.J.; Frank, P.G.; Moler, P.E. 1991. Allozyme variation and systematics of Nerodia fasciata - Nerodia clarkii complex of water snakes (Serpentes: Colubridae). Copeia 1991(3): 638-659.

Malnate, E.V. 1960. Systematic division and evolution of the colubrid snake genus Natrix, with comments on the subfamily Natricinae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 112: 41-71.

Mara, W.P. 1995. Water Snakes of North America. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 64 pp.

McVay, J.D.; Flores-Villela, O.; Carstens, B. 2015. Diversification of North American natricine snakes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 116(1): 1-12.

Michot, T.C. 1982. Thermal and spatial ecology of three species of water snakes (Nerodia) in a Louisiana swamp. Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering 42(11): 4292.

Mushinsky, H.R.; Hebrard, J.J. 1977. Food partitioning by five species of water snakes in Louisiana. Herpetologica 33(2): 162-166.

Mushinsky, H.R.; Hebrard, J.J.; Vodopich, D.S. 1982. Ontogeny of water snake foraging ecology. Ecology 63(6): 1624-1629.

Pewtress, R. 1984. Keeping North American water snakes in captivity (Nerodia). Herptile 9(3): 110-113.

Rossi, J.V.; Rossi, R. 2000. Captive care of North American colubrid snakes (king snakes, rat snakes, indigos, hognoses, garters, waters and others). Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 10(3-4): 31-33.

Rossi, J.V.; Rossi, R. 2000. Husbandry of North American colubrid snakes. Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 10(3-4): 24-30.

Rossman, D.A. 1995. A second external character for distinguishing garter snakes (Thamnophis) from water snakes (Nerodia). Herpetological Review 26(4): 182-183.

Rossman, D.A.; Eberle, W.G. 1977. Partition of the genus Natrix, with preliminary observations on evolutionary trends in natricine snakes. Herpetologica 33(1): 34-43.

Sanderson, W.E. 1983. Systematics of the water snakes of the Nerodia cyclopion complex. M.S. thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. 103 pp.

Scudder, L.M. 1984. Food consumption and growth in three species of water snakes of the genus Nerodia (Colubridae). Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering 45(1): 92.

Strathemann, U. 1995. Freilandhaltung nordamerikanischer Wassernattern der Gattungen Thamnophis und Nerodia Teil 2: Erfahrungen mit Thamnophis und Nerodia. Sauria (Berlin) 17(2): 15-23.

Strathemann, U. 1995. Freilandhaltung nordamerikanischer Wassernattern der Gattungen Thamnophis und Nerodia. Teil 1: Planung, Anlage und Bau der Freilandanlage. Sauria (Berlin) 17(1): 31-34.

Viosca, P. 1924. A contribution to our knowledge of the water snakes. Copeia 1924(126): 3-13.

Warren, M.L.; Haag, W.R.; Commens, A.M. 2004. Observations of watersnake (Nerodia, Colubridae) predation on darters (Percidae). Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings 47: 1-3.

Nerodia clarkii

Ackley, J.W.; Meylan, P.A. 2010. Watersnake eden: use of stormwater retention ponds by Mangrove Salt Marsh Snakes (Nerodia clarkii compressicauda) in urban Florida. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 5(1): 17-22.

Barbour, T.; Noble, G.K. 1915. Notes on the watersnake, Natrix compressicauda. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 67: 29-35.

Bishop, M.B. 1940. Notes concerning two broods of young of Natrix compressicauda. Copeia 1940: 128.

Carr, A.F.; Goin, C.J. 1942. Rehabilitation of Natrix sipedon taeniata Cope. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 21: 47-54.

Chamberlain, E.B. 1937. Clark's watersnake on the Mid-Texas coast. Copeia 1937: 140.

Cliburn, J.W. 1957. Some southern races of the common water snake, Natrix sipedon. Herpetologica 13: 193-202.

Cope, E.D. 1895. On some new North American snakes. American Naturalist 29: 676-680.

Dunson, W.A. 1979. Occurrence of partially striped forms of the mangrove snake Nerodia fasciata compressicauda Kennicott and comments on the status of N. f. taeniata Cope. Florida Scientist 42(2): 102-112.

Hansknecht, K.A. 2008. Lingual luring by mangrove saltmarsh snakes (Nerodia clarkii compressicauda). Journal of Herpetology 42(1): 9-15.

Hansknecht, K.A.; Burghardt, G.M. 2010. Stimulus control of lingual predatory luring and related foraging tactics of Mangrove Saltmarsh Snakes (Nerodia clarkii compressicauda). Journal of Comparative Psychology 124(2): 159-165.

Holbrook, J.D.; Chesnes, T.; Boss, H.; Berman, A.; Chiyka, J.; Bell, C.; Bell, C. 2016. Geographic distribution: Nerodia clarkii compressicauda (Mangrove Saltmarsh Watersnake). Herpetological Review 47(1): 84.

Jansen, K.P.; Mushinsky, H.R.; Karl, S.A. 2008. Population genetics of the mangrove salt marsh snake, Nerodia clarkii compressicauda, in a linear, fragmented habitat. Conservation Genetics 9(2): 401-410.

Jones, M.P. 1977. Rulemaking actions May-June 6, 1977. Proposed rulings. Atlantic salt marsh snake. Endangered Species Technical Bulletin 2(6): 5-6.

Lawson, R.; Meier, A.J.; Frank, P.G.; Moler, P.E. 1991. Allozyme variation and systematics of Nerodia fasciata - Nerodia clarkii complex of water snakes (Serpentes: Colubridae). Copeia 1991(3): 638-659.

List, J.C.; Smith, P.W. 1954. A rare snake anomaly. American Midland Naturalist 51(1): 312-313.

Ljustina, O.; Erdmann, J.A.; Doody, J.S. 2017. Natural history notes: Nerodia clarkii (Saltmarsh Watersnake). Retreat site / habitat use. Herpetological Review 48(3): 678-679.

Marion, K.R. 1986. Gulf salt marsh snake. pp. 47-48. In: Mount, R.H. (ed.). Vertebrate animals of Alabama in need of special attention. Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama. 124 pp.

McCardle, L.D.; Haase, A.; Fontenot, C.L. 2014. Geographic distribution: Nerodia clarkii (Gulf Salt Marsh Snake). Herpetological Review 45(1): 95.

Miller, D.E. 1985. Rain water drinking by the mangrove water snake, Nerodia fasciata compressicauda. Herpetological Review 16(3): 71.

Miller, D.E.; Mushinsky, H.R. 1990. Foraging ecology and prey size in the mangrove water snake, Nerodia fasciata compressicauda. Copeia 1990(4): 1099-1106.

Mohrman, T.J.; Ennen, J.R.; Qualls, C.; Kreiser, B. 2008. Natural history notes: Nerodia clarkii (Saltmarsh Watersnake). Predation. Herpetological Review 39(3): 355-356.

Mullin, S.J.; Mushinsky, H.R. 1995. Foraging ecology of the mangrove salt marsh snake, Nerodia clarkii compressicauda: effects of vegetational density. Amphibia-Reptilia 16(2): 167-175.

Mullin, S.J.; Mushinsky, H.R. 1997. Use of experimental enclosures to examine foraging success in water snakes: a case study. Journal of Herpetology 31(4): 565-569.

Neill, W.T. 1965. Notes on aquatic snakes, Natrix and Tretanorhinus, in Cuba. Herpetologica 21(1): 62-67.

Phillips, C. 1940. The flat-tailed water snake. Proceedings Florida Acad. Sci. 4: 210-211.

Rightmire, J.E. 2001. Some threatened U.S. snakes: five species on the red list. Reptile & Amphibian Hobbyist 6(10): 27-32.

Shahrudin, S. 2013. Natural history notes: Nerodia clarkii clarkii (Gulf Saltmarsh Watersnalce). Predation. Herpetological Review 44(1): 156-157.

Swanson, V.L. 1948. Natrix sipedon compressicauda at Key West, Florida. Herpetologica 4(3): 105-106.

Nerodia cyclopion

Cooper, W.E. 1977. Geographic distribution: Natrix cyclopion cyclopion x floridana. USA: Alabama: Baldwin Co. Herpetological Review 8(1): 13-14.

Dartez, S.F.; Hampton, P.M.; Haertle, N.E.; Monteiro, C.S. 2011. Natural history notes: Lampropeltis getula holbrooki (Speckled Kingsnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 42(2): 292.

Garton, J.S. 1970. Descriptive and ecological notes on Natrix cyclopion in Illinois. Herpetologica 26: 454-461.

Karlström, A.; Steen, D.A. 2016. Geographic distribution: Nerodia cyclopion (Mississippi Green Watersnake). Herpetological Review 47(4): 631.

Keiser, E.D. 1958. The green water snake in Illinois. Herpetologica 13: 260.

Kofron, C.P. 1979. Reproduction of aquatic snakes in south central Louisiana. Herpetologica 35(1): 44-50.

Lodrigue, K.J. 2007. Geographic distribution: Nerodia cyclopion cyclopion (Green Watersnake). Herpetological Review 38(4): 488.

McAllister, C.T.; Robison, H.W.; Trauth, S.E.; Tumlison, R. 2014. Geographic distribution: Nerodia cyclopion (Mississippi Green Watersnake). Herpetological Review 45(4): 665.

Mccardle, L.D.; Fontenot, C.L. 2016. The influence of thermal biology on road mortality risk in snakes. Journal of Thermal Biology 56: 39-49.

McDonald, H.S. 1960. Nasal obstruction during the premolt period in Natrix. Herpetologica 16: 115-119.

Mushinsky, H.R.; Hebrard, J.J.; Walley, M.G. 1980. The role of temperature on the behavioral and ecological associations of sympatric water snakes. Copeia 1980(4): 744-754.

Sanderson, W.E. 1983. Systematics of the water snakes of the Nerodia cyclopion complex. M.S. thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. 103 pp.

Sanderson, W.E. 1993. Additional evidence for the specific status of Nerodia cyclopion and Nerodia floridana (Reptilia: Colubridae). Brimleyana 19: 83-94.

Scudder Davis, R.M.; Burghardt, G.M. 1996. Ontogenetic changes in growth efficiency in laboratory-reared water snakes of the genus Nerodia. The Snake 27(2): 75-84.

Scudder, R.M.; Burghardt, G.M. 1983. A comparative study of defensive behaviour in three sympatric species of water snakes (Nerodia). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 63(1): 17-26.

Trauth, S.E. 1990. Flooding as a factor in the decimation of a population of green water snakes (Nerodia cyclopion cyclopion) from Arkansas. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 25(1): 1-3.

Trauth, S.E.; Neasbitt, W.H. 1987. Geographic distribution: Nerodia cyclopion cyclopion (Green Water Snake). Herpetological Review 18(1): 20.

Werler, J.E. 1948. Natrix cyclopion cyclopion in Texas. Herpetologica 4: 148.

Nerodia erythrogaster

Adler, K.K. 1963. An ecological study of the snake Natrix erythrogaster, with remarks on its postglacial dispersal. Journal Ohio Herpetological Society 4(1/2): 61-62.

Arbaugh, R.; Arbaugh, T.; Steen, D.A. 2015. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster (Plain-bellied Watersnake). Predation. Herpetological Review 46(4): 647-648.

Attum, O.; Lee, Y.M.; Kingsbury, B.A. 2009. The status of the northern population of the Copper-bellied Watersnake, Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta. Northeastern Naturalist 16(3): 317-320.

Attum, O.; Lee, Y.M.; Roe, J.H.; Kingsbury, B.A. 2008. Wetland complexes and upland-wetland linkages: landscape effects on the distribution of rare and common wetland reptiles. Journal of Zoology (London) 275(3): 245-251.

Beane, J.C.; Thorp, T.J. 2008. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster (Red-bellied Watersnake). Herpetological Review 39(2): 242.

Belford, T.J. 2015. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster (Plain-bellied Watersnake). Herpetological Review 46(3): 386.

Boundy, J.; David, P. 2015. The taxonomic status of the snake name Tropidonotus roulei Chabannaud, 1917. Herpetological Review 46(2): 295-297.

Bousefield, S. 1982. Observations on the yellow-bellied water-snake (Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster). Herptile 7(4): 23-24.

Browning, M.J.S. 1967. Natrix erythrogaster erythrogaster in the Piedmont region of South Carolina. Herpetologica 23: 59.

Brumwell, M.J. 1951. An ecological survey of the Fort Leavenworth Military Reservation. American Midland Naturalist 45(1): 187-231.

Bufalino, A.P.; Scott, A.F. 2003. The distribution of Nerodia erythrogaster in the Lower Cumberland River Basin of Kentucky and Tennessee. Herpetological Review 34(1): 77-78.

Bufalino, A.P.; Scott, A.F. 2008. Statistical analyses of pattern variation in the copper-bellied (Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) and yellow-bellied (N. e. flavigaster) watersnake subspecies. American Midland Naturalist 159(1): 30-41.

Bustard, R. 1959. Hardy snakes. Aquarist and Pondkeeper 24: 49-50.

Byrd, W.; Hanebrink, E.; Meshaka, W. 1988. Food, feeding behaviour, sex ratios and measurements of three species of water snakes (Nerodia spp.) collected from northeastern Arkansas. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 23(4): 55-57.

Camper, J.D. 2009. Core terrestrial habitat around wetlands: contributions from the spatial ecology of the redbelly watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster). Copeia 2009(3): 556-562.

Cantu-Martínez, J.M.; Quintero, E.; Zaidan, F.; Harrison, C.R. 2011. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched Watersnake). Herpetological Review 42(3): 395.

Carpenter, C.C. 1958. Reproduction, young, eggs and food of Oklahoma snakes. Herpetologica 14: 113-115.

Chabanaud, P. 1917. Descriptions de trois espčces nouvelles de reptiles de l'Afrique. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 23(1): 219-225.

Christiansen, J.L.; LeClere, J.B. 2002. Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta in Iowa with comments on ontogenesis of color and pattern. Herpetological Review 33(2): 152-154.

Christman, B.L.; Wallace, J.E.; Bartel, S.C. 2000. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched Water Snake). USA: Texas: Presidio Co. Herpetological Review 31(1): 56.

Clay, W.M. 1934. Rediscovery of the red-bellied watersnake, Natrix sipedon erythrogaster (Forster) in Michigan. Copeia 1934(2): 95-96.

Colvin, R.; Dennison, J. 2012. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-bellied Watersnake). Herpetological Review 43(1): 106.

Conant, R. 1934. The red-bellied water snake, Natrix sipedon erythrogaster (Forster) in Ohio. Ohio Journal of Science 34(1): 21-28.

Conant, R. 1943. Natrix erythrogaster erythrogaster in the northeastern part of its range. Herpetologica 11(2): 83-86.

Conant, R. 1949. Two new races of Natrix erythrogaster. Copeia 1949: 1-15.

Conant, R. 1953. Three new water snakes of the genus Natrix from Mexico. Natural History Miscellanea 126: 1-9.

Conant, R. 1955. Notes on Natrix erythrogaster from the eastern and western extremes of its range. Natural History Miscellanea 147: 1-3.

Conant, R. 1955. Two new Ohio localities for the red-bellied water snake. Ohio Journal of Science 55(1): 61-62.

Conant, R. 1960. Water snakes in the desert. America's First Zoo 12: 31-35.

Conant, R. 1963. Another new water snake of the genus Natrix from the Mexican plateau. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 76: 169-172.

Conant, R. 1965. Notes on reproduction in two natricine snakes from Mexico. Herpetologica 21(2): 140-144.

Connior, M.B. 2010. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-bellied Watersnake). Herpetological Review 41(4): 517.

Cooper, J.E. 1969. A red-bellied watersnake from Maryland's western coastal plain. Journal of Herpetology 3: 185-186.

Daniel, R.E. 2006. New state size records for Missouri reptiles. Missouri Herpetological Association Newsletter 19: 14-15.

Diener, R.A. 1957. An ecological study of the plain-bellied water snake. Herpetologica 13: 203-211.

Dowling, H.G. 1956. Geographic relations of Ozarkian amphibians and reptiles. Southwestern Naturalist 1(4): 174-189.

Duke, S.T. 2010. Minimum habitat requirements of the Copper-bellied Watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 45(2): 29-31.

Dunn, E.R.; Allen, R. 1935. The red-bellied watersnake in Pennsylvania. Copeia 1935: 180-181.

Eubanks, J.T.; Pecor, K.W. 2003. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster, N. rhombifer, and N. sipedon pleuralis (Yellow-bellied, Diamond-backed, and Midland Watersnakes). Foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 34(1): 70.

Freed, P.S. 1983. Life history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellowbelly Water Snake). Coloration. Herpetological Review 14(3): 75.

Freeman, H.W. 1955. Part V. The amphibia and reptilia of the Savannah river project area. 2. Chelonia. 3. Crocodilia, Sauria and Serpentes. U.S. Cur. Publ. Biol. 1(4): 239-244, 275-291.

Gillingham, J.C.; Rush, T. 1974. Notes on the fishing behaviour of water snakes. Journal of Herpetology 8(4): 384-385.

Greding, E.J. 1964. Food of matrix in Hunt County, Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 9: 206.

Grogan, W.L. 1985. New distribution records for Maryland reptiles and amphibians. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 21(2): 74-75.

Hampton, P.M. 2007. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-bellied Watersnake). Anti-predatory behavior. Herpetological Review 38(1): 91.

Hampton, P.M. 2007. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-bellied Watersnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 38(1): 91.

Hampton, P.M.; Ford, N.B. 2007. Effects of flood suppression on natricine snake diet and prey overlap. Canadian Journal of Zoology 85(7): 809-814.

Hill, R.L. 2012. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster (Red-bellied Watersnake). USA: Georgia: Gwinnett Co. Herpetological Review 43(4): 621.

Hill, R.L.; Lock, B.; Brothers, D.; Camdelyn, R. 2012. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster (Red-bellied Watersnake). USA: Georgia: Dekalb Co. Herpetological Review 43(4): 621.

Hofmann, E.P. 2018. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster (Plain-bellied Watersnake). Defensive behavior. Herpetological Review 49(1): 135.

Irwin, K.J. 2002. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster (Plain-bellied Watersnake). Herpetological Review 33(4): 325.

Kingsbury, B.A.; Grimes, R.A. 2001. A description and assessment of the copperbelly Water Snake conservation agreement. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 66: 538-554.

Kofron, C.P. 1979. Reproduction of aquatic snakes in south central Louisiana. Herpetologica 35(1): 44-50.

Lacki, M.J.; Hummer, J.W.; Fitzgerald, J.L. 1994. Application of line transects for estimating population density of the endangered Copperbelly Water Snake in southern Indiana. Journal of Herpetology 28(2): 241-245.

Lacki, M.J.; Hummer, J.W.; Fitzgerald, J.L. 2005. Population patterns of copperbelly Water Snakes (Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) in a riparian corridor impacted by mining and reclamation. American Midland Naturalist 153(2): 357-369.

Lamer, J.T.; Jenkins, S.E.; Tucker, J.K.; Dolan, C.R. 2008. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster (Plain-bellied Watersnake). Herpetological Review 39(2): 242.

Laposha, N.A.; Parmerlee, J.S.; Powell, R.; Smith, D.D. 1985. Life history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched Water Snake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 16(3): 81.

Laughlin, H.E. 1959. Stomach contents of some aquatic snakes from Lake McAlester, Pittsburgh County, Oklahoma. Texas Journal of Science 11(1): 83-85.

Laurent, E.J.; Kingsbury, B.A. 2003. Habitat separation among three species of Water Snakes in northwestern Kentucky. Journal of Herpetology 37(2): 229-235.

Lutterschmidt, W.I.; Schaefer, J.F. 1996. Mist netting: adapting a technique from ornithology for sampling semi-aquatic snake populations. Herpetological Review 27(3): 131-132.

Makowsky, R.; Marshall, J.C.; McVay, J.; Chippindale, P.T.; Rissler, L.J. 2010. Phylogeographic analysis and environmental niche modeling of the Plain-bellied Watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster) reveals low levels of genetic and ecological differentiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55(3): 985-995.

Marshall, J.C.; Kingsbury, B.A.; Minchella, D.J. 2009. Microsatellite variation, population structure, and bottlenecks in the threatened copperbelly Water Snake. Conservation Genetics 10(2): 465-476.

McAllister, C.T. 1980. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster transversa. Herpetological Review 11(1): 15.

McCoid, M.J. 1999. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched Water Snake). Herpetological Review 30(2): 114.

McCranie, J.R. 1990. Nerodia erythrogaster. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 500: 1-8.

McKnight, D.T.; Harmon, J.R.; McKnight, J.L.; Ligon, D.B. 2014. Notes on the diets of seven sympatric snakes in the genera Agkistrodon, Nerodia, Sistrurus, and Thamnophis. Herpetology Notes 7: 171-177.

Meanley, B. 1951. Natrix erythrogaster in the Austroparian zone of Maryland. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 64: 60.

Miller, B.T.; Hall, E.M.; Rollins-Smith, L.A. 2018. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster (Plain-bellied Watersnake). Herpetological Review 49(3): 506.

Milstead, W.W. 1960. Relict species of the Chihuahuan desert. Southwestern Naturalist 5: 75-88.

Mushinsky, H.R.; Hebrard, J.J.; Walley, M.G. 1980. The role of temperature on the behavioral and ecological associations of sympatric water snakes. Copeia 1980(4): 744-754.

Nakamure, E.L.; Smith, H. 1960. A comparative study of selected characters in certain American species of watersnakes. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 63: 102-113.

Olson, D.J.; Walk, J.W. 1999. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta (Copperbelly Water Snake). Herpetological Review 30(4): 236.

Painter, C.W.; Brown, T.L.; Degenhardt, W.G. 2011. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster (Plain-bellied Watersnake). Herpetological Review 42(4): 573.

Palis, J.G. 2010. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster (Plain-bellied Watersnake). Foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 41(1): 95.

Palis, J.G. 2012. Natural history notes: Pseudacris crucifer (Spring Peeper). Predation. Herpetological Review 43(2): 325.

Palis, J.G.; Mierzwa, K.S. 1995. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellowbelly Water Snake). Herpetological Review 26(4): 210.

Parker, W.S. 2003. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-bellied Water Snake). Mating aggregation. Herpetological Review 34(2): 151-152.

Parker, W.S.; Maples, V.T. 2016. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster (Plain-bellied Watersnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 47(4): 685-686.

Parmley, D.; Mulford, C. 1985. An instance of a largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, feeding on a water snake, Nerodia erythrogaster transversa. Texas Journal of Science 37(4): 389.

Pauly, G.B.; Laduc, T.J. 2009. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster (Yellow-bellied Watersnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 40(1): 100.

Perkins, M.W.; Eason, P.K. 2017. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster (Plain-bellied Watersnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 48(1): 215-216.

Pierson, T.W.; Brown, G. 2012. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster (Plain-bellied Watersnake). USA: Georgia: Madison Co. Herpetological Review 43(4): 621.

Platt, S.G.; Russell, K.R.; Snyder, W.E.; Fontenot, L.W.; Miller, S. 1999. Distribution and conservation status of selected amphibians and reptiles in the Piedmont of South Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 115(1): 8-19.

Powell, R.; Laposha, N.A.; Smith, D.D.; Parmerlee, J.S. 1984. New distributional records for some semiaquatic amphibians and reptiles from the Rio Sabinas Basin, Coahuila, Mexico. Herpetological Review 15(3): 78-79.

Preston, W.B. 1971. The comparative ecology of two water snakes, Natrix rhombifera and Natrix erythrogaster, in Oklahoma. Dissertation Abstracts 31B: 962.

Rainwater, T.R.; Anderson, T.A.; Platt, S.G.; Smith, P.N. 2006. Natural history notes: Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma (Western Cottonmouth). Diet. Herpetological Review 37(2): 228.

Reichling, S.B. 1973. Size record for Natrix erythrogaster neglecta x flavigaster. Herp 10(1-2): 39.

Roble, S.M. 2002. Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster (Red-bellied Watersnake). Catesbeiana 22(2): 52-53.

Roble, S.M.; Hobson, C.S. 2002. Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster (Red-bellied Watersnake). Catesbeiana 22(2): 52.

Roe, J.H.; Attum, O.; Kingsbury, B.A. 2013. Vital rates and population demographics in declining and stable watersnake populations. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 8(3): 591-601.

Roe, J.H.; Gibson, J.; Kingsbury, B.A. 2006. Beyond the wetland border: estimating the impact of roads for two species of Water Snakes. Biological Conservation 130(2): 161-168.

Roe, J.H.; Kingsbury, B.A.; Herbert, N.R. 2003. Wetland and upland use patterns in semi-aquatic snakes: implications for wetland conservation. Wetlands 23(4): 1003-1014.

Roe, J.H.; Kingsbury, B.A.; Herbert, N.R. 2004. Comparative Water Snake ecology: conservation of mobile animals that use temporally dynamic resources. Biological Conservation 118(1): 79-89.

Roe, J.H.; Kingsbury, B.A.; Myers, M.A. 2005. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta (Copper-bellied Watersnake). Foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 36(1): 70.

Roelke, C.E. 2005. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster (Red-bellied Watersnake). Herpetological Review 36(4): 469-470.

Schmidt, C. 2003. Nerodia erythrogaster (plainbelly Water Snake). Journal of Kansas Herpetology 6: 8.

Schwab, D.; Fillio, J.L. 1979. A possible copper-bellied watersnake (Natrix erythogaster neglecta) from Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge in Morris County, New Jersey. Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 27: 19.

Shannon, F.A.; Smith, H.M. 1949. Herpetological results of the University of Illinois Field Expedition, Spring 1949. I. Introduction, Testudines, Serpentes. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 52(4): 494-509.

Smith, D.D. 1983. Life history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched Water Snake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 14(1): 120-121.

Smith, D.D. 1983. Life history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched Water Snake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 14(4): 120-121.

Stanley, J.W.; Trauth, S.E. 2007. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-bellied Watersnake). Herpetological Review 38(4): 488-489.

Stevenson, D.J.; Steen, D.A.; Wallace, M. 2012. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster (Red-bellied Watersnake). Necrophagy by dung beetles (Scarabaeinae). Herpetological Review 43(2): 347.

Tabor, S.P.; McAllister, C.T. 1985. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched Water Snake). Herpetological Review 16(3): 84.

Taggart, T.W.; Schmidt, C.J.; Murrow, D.; Welch, D. 2005. Geographic distribution. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 14: 11.

Thornton, O.W.; Smith, J.R. 1996. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched Water Snake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 27(2): 83.

Uriarte-Garzón, P.; García-Vázquez, U.O. 2014. Primer registro de Nerodia erythrogaster bogerti (Conant, 1953) (Serpentes: Colubridae) para el estado de Chihuahua, México. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 30(1): 221-225.

Waller, J.E.; Mandt, M.T. 2005. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta (Copper-bellied Watersnake). Size record. Herpetological Review 36(2): 196.

Waller, J.E.; Zimmerer, E.J.; Mandt, M.T. 2006. Phenotypic distribution of Nerodia erythrogaster in extreme southeast Illinois, western Kentucky, and adjacent western Tennessee, USA. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science 67(2): 109-116.

Welker, M.E. 2011. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster (Plain-bellied Watersnake). Herpetological Review 42(2): 243.

Welker, M.E. 2011. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-bellied Watersnake). Herpetological Review 42(2): 243.

West, S.K.; Tupacz, E.G. 1985. Field notes: Nerodia erythrogaster (redbelly water snake) and Buteo lineatus (red-shouldered hawk): City of Suffolk, Virginia, Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, 2.25 air miles SSW Magnolia. 3 February 1985. Catesbeiana 5(2): 15.

Whitfield Gibbons, J. 1999. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster (Plain-bellied Water Snake). Size. Herpetological Review 30(1): 47.

Whiting, M.J.; Dixon, J.R.; Greene, B.D. 1998. Notes on the spatial ecology and habitat use of three sympatric Nerodia (Serpentes: Colubridae). The Snake 28(1-2): 44-50.

Wilson, A.K. 1999. New Illinois amphibian and reptile distribution records from the Kaskaskia River drainage. Herpetological Review 30(2): 118-120.

Winne, C.T.; Gibbons, J.W. 2004. Geographic distribution: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-bellied Watersnake). Herpetological Review 35(3): 293.

Wright, R.A.S.; Gray, W.P. 1996. Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster (red-bellied watersnake). Catesbeiana 16(1): 13.

Nerodia fasciata

Anderson, N.J.; LeClere, J.B.; Marier, K.E. 2006. Natural history notes: Nerodia fasciata (Southern Watersnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 37(2): 233-234.

Aresco, M.J.; Reed, R.N. 1998. Natural history notes: Rana capito sevosa (Dusky Gopher Frog). Predation. Herpetological Review 29(1): 40.

Balfour, P.S.; Stitt, E.W. 2002. Geographic distribution: Nerodia fasciata fasciata (Banded Watersnake). Herpetological Review 33(2): 150.

Balfour, P.S.; Stitt, E.W.; Fuller, M.M.; Luckau, T.K. 2007. Geographic distribution: Nerodia fasciata pictiventris (Florida Watersnake). Herpetological Review 38(4): 489.

Barbour, T. 1943. A new water snake from North Carolina. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 22: 1-2.

Beane, J.C.; Pusser, T. 2006. Natural history notes: Rana heckscheri (River Frog). Predation. Herpetological Review 37(3): 339.

Bishop, D.C. 2003. Natural history notes: Rana okaloosae (Florida Bog Frog): predation. Herpetological Review 34(3): 235.

Blanchard, F.N. 1923. A new North American snake of the genus Natrix. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 140: 1-7.

Bol, S.C. 1991. Nerodia fasciata confluens x Nerodia fasciata fasciata. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 11(6): 145.

Burger, J.; Murray, S.; Gaines, K.F.; Novak, J.M.; Punshon, T.; Dixon, C.; Gochfeld, M. 2006. Element levels in snakes in South Carolina: differences between a control site and exposed site on the Savannah River Site. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 112(1-3): 35-52.

Byrd, W.; Hanebrink, E.; Meshaka, W. 1988. Food, feeding behaviour, sex ratios and measurements of three species of water snakes (Nerodia spp.) collected from northeastern Arkansas. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 23(4): 55-57.

Byrd, W.W.; Hanebrink, E.L. 1977. An albino Nerodia fasciata confluent Blanchard collected from Poinsett County, Arkansas. Bulletin Chicago Herpetological Society 12(14): 100.

Camper, J.D.; Chick, L.D. 2010. Seasonal variation in the spatial ecology of the Banded Watersnake (Nerodia fasciata fasciata). Herpetologica 66(4): 464-475.

Carpenter, C.C. 1958. Reproduction, young, eggs and food of Oklahoma snakes. Herpetologica 14: 113-115.

Cliburn, J.W. 1957. Some southern races of the common water snake, Natrix sipedon. Herpetologica 13: 193-202.

Conant, R. 1963. Evidence for the specific status of the water snake Natrix fasciata. American Museum Novitates 2122: 1-38.

Cope, E.D. 1895. On some new North American snakes. American Naturalist 29: 676-680.

Daghfous, G.; Smargiassi, M.; Libourel, P.A.; Ruddy, W.; Bels, V.L. 2012. The function of oscillatory tongue-flicks in snakes: insights from kinematics of tongue-flicking in the Banded Water Snake (Nerodia fasciata). Chemical Senses 37(9): 883-896.

Davis, D.R.; Kim, D.S.; Neelon, D.P. 2012. Geographic distribution: Nerodia fasciata (Southern Watersnake). USA: Texas: Hays Co. Herpetological Review 43(3): 449.

DeGregorio, B.A.; Nordberg, E.J.; Stepanoff, K.E.; Hill, J.E. 2010. Patterns of snake road mortality on an isolated barrier island. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 5(3): 441-448.

Donini, J. 2018. Natural history notes: Nerodia fasciata (Southern Watersnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 49(4): 757.

Dunson, W.A. 1980. The relation of sodium and water balance to survival in sea water of estuarine and freshwater races of the snakes Nerodia fasciata, N. sipedon and N. valida. Copeia 1980(2): 268-280.

Durso, A.M.; Willson, J.D.; Winne, C.T. 2011. Needles in haystacks: estimating detection probability and occupancy of rare and cryptic snakes. Biological Conservation 144(5): 1508-1515.

Durso, A.M.; Willson, J.D.; Winne, C.T. 2013. Habitat influences diet overlap in aquatic snake assemblages. Journal of Zoology (London) 291(3): 185-193.

Freeman, H.W. 1955. Part V. The amphibia and reptilia of the Savannah river project area. 2. Chelonia. 3. Crocodilia, Sauria and Serpentes. U.S. Cur. Publ. Biol. 1(4): 239-244, 275-291.

Friend, J.; Friend, C. 1983. Reproductive data: Banded Water Snakes:- Nerodia fasciata fasciata. Herptile 8(4): 152.

Fuller, M.M.; Trevett, B.W. 2006. Geographic distribution: Nerodia fasciata pictiventris (Florida Watersnake). Herpetological Review 37(3): 363.

Goin, C.J.; Goin, O.B. 1953. Temporal variations in a small community of amphibians and reptiles. Ecology 34(2): 406-408.

Hampton, P.M. 2007. Natural history notes: Nerodia fasciata confluens (Broad-banded Watersnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 38(1): 91.

Hampton, P.M. 2013. Feeding in natricines: relationships among feeding morphology, behavior, performance and preferred prey type. Journal of Zoology (London) 290(3): 215-224.

Hampton, P.M.; Ford, N.B. 2007. Effects of flood suppression on natricine snake diet and prey overlap. Canadian Journal of Zoology 85(7): 809-814.

Hampton, P.M.; Haertle, N.; Dartez, S.F.; Monteiro, C. 2009. Prey of the Broad-banded Watersnake (Nerodia fasciata) and the Diamondback Watersnake (Nerodia rhombifer). Southwestern Naturalist 54(4): 521-523.

Holman, J.A.; Hill, W.H. 1961. A mass unidirectional movement of Natrix sipedon pictiventris. Copeia 1961(4): 498-499.

Hopkins, W.A.; Winne, C.T. 2006. Influence of body size on swimming performance of four species of neonatal natricine snakes acutely exposed to a cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticide. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25(5): 1208-1213.

Irwin, K.J. 2002. Geographic distribution: Nerodia fasciata confluens (Broad-banded Watersnake). Herpetological Review 33(2): 150.

Jayne, B.C. 1985. Swimming in constricting (Elaphe g. guttata) and nonconstricting (Nerodia fasciata pictiventris) colubrid snakes. Copeia 1985(1): 195-208.

Jayne, B.C. 1986. Kinematics of terrestrial snake locomotion. Copeia 1986(4): 915-927.

Jayne, B.C. 1988. Muscular mechanisms of snake locomotion: an electromyographic study of lateral undulation of the Florida Banded Water Snake (Nerodia fasciata) and the yellow rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta). Journal of Morphology 197(2): 159-181.

Jayne, B.C. 1988. Muscular mechanisms of snake locomotion: an electromyographic study of the sidewinding and concertina modes of Crotalus cerastes, Nerodia fasciata and Elaphe obsoleta. Journal of Experimental Biology 140: 1-33.

Killebrew, F.C. 1985. Geographic distribution: Nerodia fasciata confluens (Broad-banded Water Snake). Herpetological Review 16(1): 32.

Kochman, H.I. 1977. Differentiation and hybridization in the Natrix fasciata complex (Reptilia: Serpentes): a non-morphological approach. Herpetological Review 8(3)(Suppl.): 11.

Kofron, C.P. 1979. Reproduction of aquatic snakes in south central Louisiana. Herpetologica 35(1): 44-50.

Kofron, C.P.; Dixon, J.R. 1980. Observations on aquatic colubrid snakes in Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 25(1): 107-109.

Krysko, K.L.; Granatosky, M.C.; Anderson, J.C.; Crittenden, A.I. 2012. Natural history notes: Nerodia fasciata (Southern Watersnake). Foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 43(2): 348.

Lamb, J.Y.; Ljustina, O. 2018. Natural history notes: Nerodia fasciata confluens (Broad-banded Watersnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 49(4): 757-758.

Lawson, R.; Meier, A.J.; Frank, P.G.; Moler, P.E. 1991. Allozyme variation and systematics of Nerodia fasciata - Nerodia clarkii complex of water snakes (Serpentes: Colubridae). Copeia 1991(3): 638-659.

Lorenz, O.T.; Horne, B.D.; Anderson, N.J.; Cheek, A.O. 2011. Reproductive physiology of the Broad-banded Watersnake, Nerodia fasciata confluens, in southeastern Louisiana. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 6(3): 410-421.

Luhring, T.M.; Willson, J.D.; Winne, C.T. 2011. Natural history notes: Nerodia fasciata fasciata (Banded Watersnake). Interwetland movement. Herpetological Review 42(1): 100-101.

Marut, R. 1968. The broad-banded water snake Natrix sipedon confluens. Herpetology 2(3): 26.

Mccardle, L.D.; Fontenot, C.L. 2016. The influence of thermal biology on road mortality risk in snakes. Journal of Thermal Biology 56: 39-49.

McDonald, H.S. 1960. Nasal obstruction during the premolt period in Natrix. Herpetologica 16: 115-119.

McKnight, D.T.; Harmon, J.R.; McKnight, J.L.; Ligon, D.B. 2014. Notes on the diets of seven sympatric snakes in the genera Agkistrodon, Nerodia, Sistrurus, and Thamnophis. Herpetology Notes 7: 171-177.

Mebert, K. 2008. Good species despite massive hybridization: genetic research on the contact zone between the watersnakes Nerodia sipedon and N. fasciata in the Carolinas, USA. Molecular Ecology 17(8): 1918-1929.

Murphy, J.C. 1978. Nerodia fasciata. Atlantic salt marsh snake listed as threatened. Chicago Herpetological Society Newsletter 1978(January): 1 p.

Mushinsky, H.R.; Hebrard, J.J.; Walley, M.G. 1980. The role of temperature on the behavioral and ecological associations of sympatric water snakes. Copeia 1980(4): 744-754.

Neill, W.T. 1946. Notes on banded water snakes from Georgia. Copeia 1946(4): 255-256.

Neill, W.T. 1951. Notes on the natural history of certain North American snakes. Publ. Res. Div. Ross Allen Rept. Inst. 1(5): Unpaginated.

Nordberg, E.J.; DeGregorio, B.A. 2012. Natural history notes: Coluber constrictor (North American Racer), Pantherophis allegheniensis (Eastern Ratsnake), and Nerodia fasciata (Southern Watersnake). Golf cart mortality. Herpetological Review 43(3): 492-493.

O'Brien, C.; Owen, R.D.; Franz, R. 2001. Natural history notes: Nerodia fasciata (Southern Water Snake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 32(2): 108.

Osgood, D.W. 1969. The effects of temperature on the development of meristic characters in the banded water snake. Dissertation Abstracts 29B: 3547-3548.

Osgood, D.W. 1977. Temperature induced anomalies in Natrix fasciata. Herpetological Review 8(3): 14.

Palmer, W.M.; Braswell, A.L. 1988. Geographic distribution: Nerodia fasciata fasciata (Banded Water Snake). Herpetological Review 19(1): 20.

Pewtress, R. 1982. The banded watersnake Nerodia fasciata fasciata. Herptile 7(2): 34-35.

Pewtress, R. 1989. The keeping of North American water snakes in captivity with specific notes on the species Nerodia fasciata and Nerodia sipedon. Thames and Chiltern Herpetological Group Newsletter 101 [1989-1990]: 4 pp.

Rainwater, T.R.; Platt, S.G.; Miller, S.M. 2008. Geographic distribution: Nerodia fasciata confluens (Broad Banded Watersnake). Herpetological Review 39(3): 372.

Reed, R.N.; Todd, B.D.; Miano, O.J.; Canfield, M.; Fisher, R.N.; McMartin, L. 2016. Ecology and control of an introduced population of Southern Watersnakes (Nerodia fasciata) in southern California. Herpetologica 72(2): 130-136.

Rose, J.P.; Todd, B.D. 2014. Projecting invasion risk of non-native watersnakes (Nerodia fasciata and Nerodia sipedon) in the western United States. PLoS ONE 9(6): e100277.

Sabath, M.D.; Worthington, R. 1959. Eggs and young of certain Texas reptiles. Herpetologica 15: 31-32.

Schmidt, D. 1988. Why not try water snakes? Snake Keeper 2(9): 8-12.

Schmidt, D. 2004. Die Gebänderte Wassernatter - Nerodia fasciata. Natur und Tier-Verlag, Münster. 64 pp.

Schwaner, T.D.; Mount, R.H. 1976. Systematic and ecological relationships of the water snakes Natrix sipedon and N. fasciata in Alabama and the Florida Panhandle. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History University of Kansas 45: 1-44.

Scudder Davis, R.M.; Burghardt, G.M. 1996. Ontogenetic changes in growth efficiency in laboratory-reared water snakes of the genus Nerodia. The Snake 27(2): 75-84.

Scudder, R.M.; Burghardt, G.M. 1983. A comparative study of defensive behaviour in three sympatric species of water snakes (Nerodia). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 63(1): 17-26.

Scudder, R.M.; Burghardt, G.M. 1985. The role of feeding regimens in the growth of neonate Broad-banded Water Snakes, Nerodia fasciata confluens, and possible effects on reproduction. Developmental Psychobiology 18(3): 203-214.

Sharp, J.C. 2018. Geographic distribution: Nerodia fasciata (Southern Watersnake). Herpetological Review 49(3): 506-507.

Showalter, I.; Todd, B.D.; Brennan, P.L.R. 2014. Intraspecific and interspecific variation of female genitalia in two species of watersnake. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 111(1): 183-191.

Slejipen, F. 1991. Breeding Nerodia fasciata. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 11(2): 39-43.

Smargiassi, M.; Daghfous, G.; Baptiste, L.; Legreneur, P.; Toubeau, G.; Bels, V.; Wattiez, R. 2012. Chemical basis of prey recognition in thamnophiine snakes: the unexpected new roles of parvalbumins. PLoS ONE 7(6): e39560, 1-8.

Smith, H.M.; Burger, W.L. 1947. The banded water snake, Natrix sipedon fasciata, in Texas. Natural History Miscellanea (Chicago) 11: 1 p.

Stitt, E.W.; Balfour, P.S. 2003. Trans-continental introduction of the Southern Watersnake (Nerodia fasciata). Sonoran Herpetologist 16(6): 40-41.

Townsend, J.H. 2002. Geographic distribution: Nerodia fasciata (Southern Watersnake). Herpetological Review 33(3): 228.

Vincent, S.E.; Moon, B.R.; Herrel, A.; Kley, N.J. 2007. Are ontogenetic shifts in diet linked to shifts in feeding mechanics? Scaling of the feeding apparatus in the Banded Watersnake Nerodia fasciata. Journal of Experimental Biology 210(12): 2057-2069.

Vincent, S.E.; Moon, B.R.; Shine, R.; Herrel, A. 2006. The functional meaning of "prey size" in Water Snakes (Nerodia fasciata, Colubridae). Oecologia (Berlin) 147(2): 204-211.

Vincent, S.E.; Vincent, P.D.; Irschick, D.J.; Rossell, J.M. 2006. Do juvenile gape-limited predators compensate for their small size when feeding? Journal of Zoology (London) 268(3): 279-284.

Werler, J.E. 1951. Miscellaneous notes on the eggs and young of Texan and Mexican reptiles. Zoologica (New York) 36: 37-48.

Willson, J.D.; Hopkins, W.A. 2011. Prey morphology constrains the feeding ecology of an aquatic generalist predator. Ecology (Washington D C) 92(3): 744-754.

Willson, J.D.; Winne, C.T. 2016. Evaluating the functional importance of secretive species: a case study of aquatic snake predators in isolated wetlands. Journal of Zoology (London) 298(4): 266-273.

Willson, J.D.; Winne, C.T.; Dorcas, M.E.; Gibbons, J.W. 2006. Post-drought responses of semi-aquatic snakes inhabiting an isolated wetland: insights on different strategies for persistence in a dynamic habitat. Wetlands 26(4): 1071-1078.

Willson, J.D.; Winne, C.T.; Todd, B.D. 2011. Ecological and methodological factors affecting detectability and population estimation in elusive species. Journal of Wildlife Management 75(1): 36-45.

Winne, C.T.; Ryan, T.J.; Leiden, Y.; Dorcas, M.E. 2001. Evaporative water loss in two natricine snakes, Nerodia fasciata and Seminatrix pygaea. Journal of Herpetology 35(1): 129-133.

Zandschulp, R. van de 1987. Natrix fasciata. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 7(6): 254.

Zug, D.A.; Dunson, W.A. 1979. Salinity preference in fresh water and estuarine snakes (Nerodia sipedon and N. fasciata). Florida Scientist 42(1): 1-8.

Nerodia floridana

Betz, T.W. 1963. Neonatal Natrix cyclopion floridana. Copeia 1963: 575-576.

Coenders, J.B. 1987. Thamnophis floridana (F-2). Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 7(6): 256-275.

Cooper, W.E. 1977. Geographic distribution: Natrix cyclopion cyclopion x floridana. USA: Alabama: Baldwin Co. Herpetological Review 8(1): 13-14.

Durso, A.M.; Smith, L.; Long, S.; Lott, R. 2017. Natural history notes: Nerodia floridana (Florida Green Watersnake). Predation. Herpetological Review 48(4): 863-864.

Durso, A.M.; Willson, J.D.; Winne, C.T. 2011. Needles in haystacks: estimating detection probability and occupancy of rare and cryptic snakes. Biological Conservation 144(5): 1508-1515.

Durso, A.M.; Willson, J.D.; Winne, C.T. 2013. Habitat influences diet overlap in aquatic snake assemblages. Journal of Zoology (London) 291(3): 185-193.

Freeman, H.W. 1955. Part V. The amphibia and reptilia of the Savannah river project area. 2. Chelonia. 3. Crocodilia, Sauria and Serpentes. U.S. Cur. Publ. Biol. 1(4): 239-244, 275-291.

Goff, C.C. 1936. Distribution and variation of a new subspecies of water snake, Natrix cyclopion floridana, with a discussion of its relationships. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 327: 1-10.

Himes, J.G. 2006. Geographic distribution: Nerodia floridana (Florida Green Watersnake). Herpetological Review 37(4): 499.

Holbrook, J.D.; Young, C.A.; Young, D.P.; Greenwald, N. 2013. Natural history notes: Nerodia floridana (Florida Green Watersnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 44(3): 525.

Krysko, K.L.; Walsh, S.J.; Robins, R.H. 2014. The native Florida Green Watersnake, Nerodia floridana (Goff 1936), preying upon the nonindigenous African Jewelfish, Hemichromis letourneuxi Sauvage 1880, in Florida. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 21(2): 161–162.

Neill, W.T. 1951. Notes on the natural history of certain North American snakes. Publ. Res. Div. Ross Allen Rept. Inst. 1(5): Unpaginated.

Neill, W.T.; Rose, F.L. 1953. Records of the green watersnake, Natrix cyclopion floridana in South Carolina and Georgia. Copeia 1953: 127.

Sanderson, W.E. 1983. Systematics of the water snakes of the Nerodia cyclopion complex. M.S. thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. 103 pp.

Sanderson, W.E. 1993. Additional evidence for the specific status of Nerodia cyclopion and Nerodia floridana (Reptilia: Colubridae). Brimleyana 19: 83-94.

Telford, S.R. 1948. A large litter of Natrix in Florida. Herpetologica 4(5): 184.

Thompson, J.S.; Crother, B.I. 1998. Allozyme variation among disjunct populations of the Florida Green Watersnake (Nerodia floridana). Copeia 1998(3): 715-719.

Vogrinc, P.; Willson, J.D.; Durso, A.M.; Bryan, L.A.; Ross, Z.; Holbrook, J.D.; Filipiak, D. 2013. Natural history notes: Nerodia floridana (Florida Green Watersnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 44(4): 695.

Willson, J.D.; Winne, C.T.; Dorcas, M.E.; Gibbons, J.W. 2006. Post-drought responses of semi-aquatic snakes inhabiting an isolated wetland: insights on different strategies for persistence in a dynamic habitat. Wetlands 26(4): 1071-1078.

Wray, K.; Morrissiey, F.M. 1999. Natural history notes: Nerodia floridana (Florida Green Watersnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 30(1): 47.

Nerodia harteri

Carl, G. 1981. Reproduction in the captive Brazos water snake, Nerodia harteri. Texas Journal of Science 33(1): 77-78.

Conant, R. 1942. Notes on the young of three recently described snakes, with comments upon their relationships. Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 6(10): 193-200.

Densmore, L.D.; Rose, F.L.; Kain, S.J. 1992. Mitochondrial DNA evolution and speciation in water snakes (genus Nerodia) with special reference to Nerodia harteri. Herpetologica 48(1): 60-68.

Hibbitts, T.J.; Fitzgerald, L.A. 2005. Morphological and ecological convergence in two natricine snakes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 85(3): 363-371.

McCallion, J. 1944. Notes on Natrix harteri in captivity. Copeia 1944: 63.

Mecham, J.S. 1983. Nerodia harteri. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 330: 1-2.

Rodríguez, D.; Forstner, M.R.J.; McBride, D.L.; Densmore, L.D.; Dixon, J.R. 2012. Low genetic diversity and evidence of population structure among subspecies of Nerodia harteri, a threatened water snake endemic to Texas. Conservation Genetics 13(4): 977-986.

Roelke, C.E.; Rains, N. 2014. Results of repeated surveys for the Brazos Water Snake (Nerodia harteri) in a section of the Brazos River in North Texas. Herpetological Review 45(4): 577-579.

Rose, F.L.; Selcer, K.W. 1989. Genetic divergence of the allopatric populations of Nerodia harteri. Journal of Herpetology 23(3): 261-267.

Rossi, J.V.; Rossi, R. 2000. Comparison of growth, behavior, parasites and oral bacteria of Brazos Water Snakes, Nerodia harteri harteri, raised in an outdoor enclosure with related specimens raised indoors. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 35(10): 221-228.

Scott, N.J.; Maxwell, T.C.; Thornton, O.W.; Fitzgerald, L.A.; Flury, J.W. 1989. Distribution, habitat and future of Harter's water snake, Nerodia harteri, in Texas. Journal of Herpetology 23(4): 373-389.

Smith, D.D. 1983. Geographic distribution: Nerodia harteri harteri. Herpetological Review 14(3): 84-85.

Tinkle, D.W.; Conant, E. 1961. The rediscovery of the water snake Natrix harteri, in western Texas, with the description of a new subspecies. Southwestern Naturalist 6(1): 33-44.

Trapido, H. 1941. A new species of Natrix from Texas. American Midland Naturalist 25(3): 673-680.

Wade, V.E. 1968. A range extension of the water snake, Natrix harteri harteri Trapido. Texas Journal of Science 20: 194-196.

Nerodia paucimaculata

Greene, B.D.; Dixon, J.R.; Mueller, J.M.; Whiting, M.J.; Thornton, O.W. 1994. Feeding ecology of the Concho Water Snake, Nerodia harteri paucimaculata. Journal of Herpetology 28(2): 165-172.

Greene, B.D.; Dixon, J.R.; Whiting, M.J.; Mueller, J.M. 1999. Reproductive ecology of the Concho Water Snake, Nerodia harteri paucimaculata. Copeia 1999(3): 701-709.

Mathews, A.E. 1989. Conflict, controversy, and compromise: the Concho water snake (Nerodia harteri paucimaculata) versus the Stacy Dam and Reservoir. Environmental Management 13(3): 297-307.

Rodríguez, D.; Forstner, M.R.J.; McBride, D.L.; Densmore, L.D.; Dixon, J.R. 2012. Low genetic diversity and evidence of population structure among subspecies of Nerodia harteri, a threatened water snake endemic to Texas. Conservation Genetics 13(4): 977-986.

Rose, F.L. 1989. Aspects of the biology of the Concho watersnake (Nerodia harteri paucimaculata). Texas Journal of Science 41(2): 115-131.

Smith, J.R.; Brown, C.; Thornton, O.W. 1996. Geographic distribution: Nerodia harteri paucimaculata (Concho Water Snake). Herpetological Review 27(1): 35.

Tinkle, D.W.; Conant, E. 1961. The rediscovery of the water snake Natrix harteri, in western Texas, with the description of a new subspecies. Southwestern Naturalist 6(1): 33-44.

Whiting, M.J.; Dixon, J.R.; Greene, B.D. 1996. Measuring snake activity patterns: the influence of habitat heterogeneity on catchability. Amphibia-Reptilia 17(1): 47-54.

Whiting, M.J.; Dixon, J.R.; Greene, B.D. 1997. Spatial ecology of the Concho Water Snake (Nerodia harteri paucimaculata) in a large lake system. Journal of Herpetology 31(3): 327-335.

Whiting, M.J.; Dixon, J.R.; Greene, B.D. 1998. Notes on the spatial ecology and habitat use of three sympatric Nerodia (Serpentes: Colubridae). The Snake 28(1-2): 44-50.

Whiting, M.J.; Dixon, J.R.; Greene, B.D.; Mueller, J.M.; Thornton, O.W.; HatField, J.S.; Nichols, J.D.; Hines, J.E. 2008. Population dynamics of the Concho Water Snake in rivers and reservoirs. Copeia 2008(2): 438-445.

Nerodia rhombifer

Aldridge, R.D.; Flanagan, W.P.; Swarthout, J.T. 1995. Reproductive biology of the water snake Nerodia rhombifer from Veracruz, Mexico, with comparisons of tropical and temperate snakes. Herpetologica 51(2): 182-192.

Aldridge, R.D.; Williams, K.A.; Teillery, R.R. 2003. Seasonal feeding and coelomic fat mass in the watersnake Nerodia rhombifer werleri in Veracruz, Mexico. Herpetologica 59(1): 43-51.

Alfaro, M.E. 2003. Sweeping and striking: A kinematic study of the trunk during prey capture in three thamnophiine snakes. Journal of Experimental Biology 206(14): 2381-2392.

Betz, T.W. 1966. The ovarian cycle of Natrix rhombifera - an apparently generalised cycle of snakes of temperate latitudes. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 33: 115-120.

Birkhead, R.D.; Folt, B.; Guyer, C. 2017. Geographic Distribution: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamond-backed Watersnake). Herpetological Review 48(3): 590.

Bowers, J.H. 1966. Food habits of the diamond-backed water snake, Natrix rhombifera rhombifera, in Bowie and Red River Counties, Texas. Herpetologica 22: 225-229.

Boyles, J.M. 1953. Variations within three litters of diamond-backed water snakes (Natrix rhombifera rhombifera). Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science 24: 164.

Brandley, M.C.; Guiher, T.J.; Pyron, R.A.; Winne, C.T.; Burbrink, F.T. 2010. Does dispersal across an aquatic geographic barrier obscure phylogeographic structure in the diamond-backed Watersnake (Nerodia rhombifer)? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57(2): 552-560.

Burkett, R.D.; Huggins, J.A. 1985. Life history notes: Nerodia rhombifera (Diamondback Water Snake). Coloration. Herpetological Review 16(2): 56.

Burkett, R.D.; Huggins, J.A. 1985. Life history notes: Nerodia rhombifera (Diamondback Water Snake). Twinning. Herpetological Review 16(2): 56.

Burkett, R.D.; Huggins, J.A. 1993. First records of albinism in Nerodia rhombifer (Diamondback Water Snake). Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 68(1): 32.

Burkett, R.D.; Huggins, J.A. 1994. Natural history notes: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamondback Water Snake). Albinism. Herpetological Review 25(2): 71.

Butterfield, B.P.; Cooper, M.A.; Posey, M.E.; Barton, L.J. 2012. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamond-backed Watersnake). USA: Tennessee: Chester Co. Herpetological Review 43(4): 621.

Byrd, W.; Hanebrink, E.; Meshaka, W. 1988. Food, feeding behaviour, sex ratios and measurements of three species of water snakes (Nerodia spp.) collected from northeastern Arkansas. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 23(4): 55-57.

Cagle, F.R. 1937. Notes on Natrix rhombifera as observed at Reelfoot Lake. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 12(2): 179-185.

Carpenter, C.C. 1958. Reproduction, young, eggs and food of Oklahoma snakes. Herpetologica 14: 113-115.

Clay, W.M. 1938. A new water snake of the genus Natrix from Mexico. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 27: 251-253.

Cliburn, J.W. 1956. The taxonomic relations of the water snakes Natrix taxispilota and rhombifera. Herpetologica 12: 198-200.

Clifton, I.T.; Chamberlain, J.D.; Gifford, M.E. 2017. Patterns of morphological variation following colonization of a novel prey environment. Journal of Zoology (London) 302(4): 263-270

Conant, R. 1953. Three new water snakes of the genus Natrix from Mexico. Natural History Miscellanea 126: 1-9.

Delahoussaye, A.J.; Moon, B.R. 2006. Natural history notes: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamond-backed Watersnake). Foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 37(4): 479.

Dixon, J.R.; Thornton, O.W. 1996. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer (Diamondback Water Snake). Herpetological Review 27(1): 35.

Dorcas, M.E.; Harvey, M.B. 1990. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamondback Water Snake). Herpetological Review 21(2): 41.

Dowling, H.G. 1956. Geographic relations of Ozarkian amphibians and reptiles. Southwestern Naturalist 1(4): 174-189.

Duvall-Jisha, J.H.; Jackson, J.T.; Forstner, M.R.J. 2006. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamond-backed Watersnake). Herpetological Review 37(4): 499.

Edmond, B.S. 1993. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamondback Water Snake). Herpetological Review 24(2): 68.

Eubanks, J.T.; Pecor, K.W. 2003. Natural history notes: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster, N. rhombifer, and N. sipedon pleuralis (Yellow-bellied, Diamond-backed, and Midland Watersnakes). Foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 34(1): 70.

Farr, W.L.; Caraviotis, J. 2014. Natural history notes: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamond-backed Watersnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 45(1): 145-146.

Frost, D.R.; Collins, J.T. 1988. Nomenclatural notes on reptiles of the United States. Herpetological Review 19(4): 73-74.

George, S.G.; Jensen, S.L. 1993. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamondback Water Snake). Herpetological Review 24(4): 156.

Gillingham, J.C.; Rush, T. 1974. Notes on the fishing behaviour of water snakes. Journal of Herpetology 8(4): 384-385.

Gosser, A.L.; Kennamer, L.F.; Dobie, J.L. 1996. Distribution of Nerodia taxispilota and Nerodia rhombifer in Alabama, USA. Herpetological Review 27(4): 217.

Graham, S.P.; Soehren, E.C.; King, R.L. 2010. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamond-backed Watersnake). USA: Alabama. Herpetological Review 41(3): 381.

Gratz, R.K.; Hutchison, V.H. 1977. Energetics for activity in the Diamondback Water Snake, Natrix rhombifera. Physiological Zoology 50(2): 99-114.

Hampton, P.M. 2013. Feeding in natricines: relationships among feeding morphology, behavior, performance and preferred prey type. Journal of Zoology (London) 290(3): 215-224.

Hampton, P.M.; Haertle, N.; Dartez, S.F.; Monteiro, C. 2009. Prey of the Broad-banded Watersnake (Nerodia fasciata) and the Diamondback Watersnake (Nerodia rhombifer). Southwestern Naturalist 54(4): 521-523.

Hensley, M.M. 1962. Another snake recorded in the diet of the bullfrog. Herpetologica 18: 141.

Hess, J.B.; Klimstra, W.D. 1975. Summer foods of the diamond-backed water snake (Natrix rhombifera), from Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 68(3): 285-288.

Hibbitts, T.D. 1991. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamondback Watersnake). Herpetological Review 22(2): 68.

Himes, J.G. 2003. Intra- and interspecific competition among the Water Snakes Nerodia sipedon and Nerodia rhombifer. Journal of Herpetology 37(1): 126-131.

Hopkins, W.A.; Winne, C.T. 2006. Influence of body size on swimming performance of four species of neonatal natricine snakes acutely exposed to a cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticide. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25(5): 1208-1213.

Ideker, J. 1979. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifera (Diamondback Water Snake). USA: Texas: Starr Co. Herpetological Review 10(2): 60.

Irwin, K.J.; Irwin, L.K. 2002. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamond-backed Watersnake). Herpetological Review 33(2): 150.

Jacobson, E.R 1970. The effect of acclimation on physiological responses to temperature in the snakes, Thamnophis proximus and Natrix rhombifera. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 35: 439-449.

Judd, F.W.; Bray, M. 1996. Date of birth, litter and neonate size of a Diamondback Water Snake, Nerodia rhombifer, from southernmost Texas. Texas Journal of Science 48(1): 85-86.

Kempf, D.G.; Barker, D.G. 2014. Texas Coralsnake predation on watersnakes in Central Texas. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 49(1): 1-3.

Kofron, C.P. 1979. Reproduction of aquatic snakes in south central Louisiana. Herpetologica 35(1): 44-50.

Kofron, C.P.; Dixon, J.R. 1980. Observations on aquatic colubrid snakes in Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 25(1): 107-109.

Korfel, C.A.; Chamberlain, J.D.; Gifford, M.E. 2015. A test of energetic trade-offs between growth and immune function in watersnakes. Oecologia (Berlin) 179(2): 343-351.

Laurent, E.J.; Kingsbury, B.A. 2003. Habitat separation among three species of Water Snakes in northwestern Kentucky. Journal of Herpetology 37(2): 229-235.

Lutterschmidt, W.I.; Schaefer, J.F. 1996. Mist netting: adapting a technique from ornithology for sampling semi-aquatic snake populations. Herpetological Review 27(3): 131-132.

Manjarrez-Silva, F.J. 1989. Ecologia alimentica de las colubras semiacuaticas Nerodia rhombifera werleri y Thamnophis proximus rutiloris en Alvarado, Veracruz. Boletin de la Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 1(1): 12-14.

McAllister, C.T. 1984. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifera rhombifera (Diamondback Water Snake). Herpetological Review 15(1): 21.

McAllister, C.T. 1985. Nerodia rhombifera. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 376: 1-4.

McAllister, C.T.; Hollis, J.L. 2003. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer (Northern Diamond-backed Watersnake). USA: Arkansas. Herpetological Review 34(3): 265.

McAllister, C.T.; Robison, H.W. 2012. New geographic distribution records for amphibians and reptiles from Arkansas, USA. Herpetological Review 43(2): 316-317.

McAllister, C.T.; Tabor, S.P. 1985. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifera rhombifera (Diamondback Water Snake). Herpetological Review 16(3): 84.

Mccardle, L.D.; Fontenot, C.L. 2016. The influence of thermal biology on road mortality risk in snakes. Journal of Thermal Biology 56: 39-49.

McDonald, H.S. 1960. Nasal obstruction during the premolt period in Natrix. Herpetologica 16: 115-119.

McGrew, W.C. 1963. Channel catfish feeding on diamond-backed water snakes. Copeia 1963: 178-179.

McKnight, D.T.; Harmon, J.R.; McKnight, J.L.; Ligon, D.B. 2014. Notes on the diets of seven sympatric snakes in the genera Agkistrodon, Nerodia, Sistrurus, and Thamnophis. Herpetology Notes 7: 171-177.

Meza-Parral, Y.; Sarmiento-Rojas, A.; Ramirez-Valverde, T. 2010. Nerodia rhombifer werleri (Hallowell, 1852) (Serpentes: Colubridae), nuevo registro para la ofidiofauna de Puebla, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 26(1): 243-244.

Milstead, W.W. 1960. Relict species of the Chihuahuan desert. Southwestern Naturalist 5: 75-88.

Mount, R.H.; Schwaner, T.D. 1970. Taxonomic and distributional relationships between the water snakes Natrix taxispilota (Holbrook) and Natrix rhombifera (Hallowell). Herpetologica 26: 76-82.

Mushinsky, H.R.; Hebrard, J.J.; Walley, M.G. 1980. The role of temperature on the behavioral and ecological associations of sympatric water snakes. Copeia 1980(4): 744-754.

Nakamure, E.L.; Smith, H. 1960. A comparative study of selected characters in certain American species of watersnakes. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 63: 102-113.

Ortega, J.; Zaidan, F. 2009. Observations of flotsam entrapment in the Northern Diamond-backed Watersnake (Nerodia r. rhombifer). Herpetological Conservation and Biology 4(2): 270-276.

Palis, J.G. 2014. Natural history notes: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamond-backed Watersnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 45(1): 146.

Perez-Higareda, G.; Lopez-Luna, M.A.; Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M. 2002. Additions to and notes on the herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 37(4): 67-68.

Perkins, M.W.; Eason, P.K. 2017. Natural history notes: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamondback Watersnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 48(1): 216.

Pilgrim, M.A.; Farrell, T.M.; May, P.G.; Vollman, M.R.; Seigel, R.A. 2011. Secondary sex ratios in six snake species. Copeia 2011(4): 553-558.

Plummer, M.V. 1992. Relationships among mothers, litters, and neonates in Diamondback Water Snakes (Nerodia rhombifer). Copeia 1992(4): 1096-1098.

Plummer, M.V.; Goy, J.M. 1984. Ontogenetic dietary shift of water snakes (Nerodia rhombifera) in a fish hatchery. Copeia 1984(2): 550-552.

Powell, R.; Laposha, N.A.; Smith, D.D.; Parmerlee, J.S. 1984. New distributional records for some semiaquatic amphibians and reptiles from the Rio Sabinas Basin, Coahuila, Mexico. Herpetological Review 15(3): 78-79.

Preston, W.B. 1971. The comparative ecology of two water snakes, Natrix rhombifera and Natrix erythrogaster, in Oklahoma. Dissertation Abstracts 31B: 962.

Robison, H.W.; McAllister, C.T. 2008. Noteworthy geographic distribution records for colubrid snakes from the Arkansas Valley ecoregion of Westcentral Arkansas, USA. Herpetological Review 39(2): 244-245.

Rossman, C.E. 1980. Ontogenetic changes in skull proportions of the Diamondback Water Snake, Nerodia rhombifera. Herpetologica 36(1): 42-46.

Scudder Davis, R.M.; Burghardt, G.M. 1996. Ontogenetic changes in growth efficiency in laboratory-reared water snakes of the genus Nerodia. The Snake 27(2): 75-84.

Scudder, R.M.; Burghardt, G.M. 1983. A comparative study of defensive behaviour in three sympatric species of water snakes (Nerodia). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 63(1): 17-26.

Shannon, F.A.; Smith, H.M. 1949. Herpetological results of the University of Illinois Field Expedition, Spring 1949. I. Introduction, Testudines, Serpentes. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 52(4): 494-509.

Stanley, J.W.; Trauth, S.E. 2011. Natural history notes: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamond-backed Watersnake). Intersexuality. Herpetological Review 42(2): 296.

Termeer, M. 1987. Natrix rhombifera (2x). Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 7(6): 255.

Trauth, S.E. 1988. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifera rhombifera (Diamondback Water Snake). Herpetological Review 19(1): 20.

Treglia, M.L.; Ramirez, O. 2009. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamondback Watersnake). Herpetological Review 40(2): 238.

Tu, M.C.; Hutchison, V.H. 1994. Influence of pregnancy on thermoregulation of water snakes (Nerodia rhombifera). Journal of Thermal Biology 19(4): 255-259.

Tu, M.C.; Hutchison, V.H. 1995. Interaction of photoperiod, temperature, season, and diel cycles on the thermoregulation of water snakes (Nerodia rhombifera). Copeia 1995(2): 289-293.

Tu, M.C.; Hutchison, V.H. 1995. Thermoregulatory behavior is not influenced by sex or ecdysis in the Diamondback Water Snake, Nerodia rhombifera. Journal of Herpetology 29(1): 146-148.

Tucker, J.K.; Camerer, J.B. 1994. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer (Diamondback Water Snake). Herpetological Review 25(1): 34.

Tucker, J.K.; Camerer, J.B. 1994. Natural history notes: Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer (Diamondback Water Snake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 25(1): 28-29.

Ward, R. 1985. Geographic distribution: Nerodia rhombifera (Diamondback Water Snake). Herpetological Review 16(4): 116.

Whiting, M.J.; Dixon, J.R.; Greene, B.D. 1998. Notes on the spatial ecology and habitat use of three sympatric Nerodia (Serpentes: Colubridae). The Snake 28(1-2): 44-50.

Whitlock, I. 1991. The diamond-back water snake. Thames and Chiltern Herpetological Group Newsletter 122: 9.

Willson, J.D.; Winne, C.T.; Keck, M.B. 2008. Empirical tests of biased body size distributions in aquatic snake captures. Copeia 2008(2): 401-408.

Wilson, A.K. 1999. New Illinois amphibian and reptile distribution records from the Kaskaskia River drainage. Herpetological Review 30(2): 118-120.

Winne, C.T.; Keck, M.B. 2005. Intraspecific differences in thermal tolerance of the Diamondback Watersnake (Nerodia rhombifer): effects of ontogeny, latitude, and sex. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Molecular and Integrative Physiology 140(1): 141-149.

Wusterbarth, T.L.; King, R.B.; Duvall, M.R.; Grayburn, W.S.; Burghardt, G.M. 2010. Phylogenetically widespread multiple paternity in New World natricine snakes. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 5(1): 86-93.

Zamora, R.D.; Valadez, P. 2007. Natural history notes: Nerodia rhombifer (Diamond-backed Watersnake). Courtship and diet. Herpetological Review 38(4): 468-469.

Nerodia sipedon

Aldridge, R.D.; Bufalino, A.P. 2003. Reproductive female Common Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) are not anorexic in the wild. Journal of Herpetology 37(2): 416-419.

Aldridge, R.D.; Bufalino, A.P.; Khayyat, P. 2003. The mating season and the conflict between courtship and feeding in the watersnake, Nerodia sipedon sipedon. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola 14(1-2): 25-28.

Aldridge, R.D.; Bufalino, A.P.; Reeves, A. 2005. Pheromone communication in the watersnake, Nerodia sipedon: A mechanistic difference between semi-aquatic and terrestrial species. American Midland Naturalist 154(2): 412-422.

Allen, D.C.; Morris, D.M.; Vaughn, C.C. 2008. Natural history notes: Nerodia sipedon (Northern Watersnake). Mortality caused by mussel. Herpetological Review 39(4): 471-472.

Anderson, N.J.; Rozmarynowski, M.A. 2011. Natural history notes: Nerodia sipedon (Northern Watersnake). Response to mobbing by fish. Herpetological Review 42(3): 442.

Andreadis, P.T.; Burghardt, G.M. 2005. Unlearned appetite controls: watersnakes (Nerodia) take smaller meals when they have the choice. Journal of Comparative Psychology 119(3): 304-310.

Anton, T.G.; Willink, P.W.; Kleiman, B. 2014. Geographic distribution: Nerodia sipedon (Common Watersnake). Herpetological Review 45(2): 286.

Applegate, R.D.; Spencer, R.C.; Trasko, F.M. 1995. Extensions to the known range for three Maine reptiles. Canadian Field-Naturalist 109(4): 444-446.

Attum, O.; Lee, Y.M.; Roe, J.H.; Kingsbury, B.A. 2007. Upland-wetland linkages: relationship of upland and wetland characteristics with watersnake abundance. Journal of Zoology (London) 271(2): 134-139.

Attum, O.; Lee, Y.M.; Roe, J.H.; Kingsbury, B.A. 2008. Wetland complexes and upland-wetland linkages: landscape effects on the distribution of rare and common wetland reptiles. Journal of Zoology (London) 275(3): 245-251.

Baarslag, A.F. 1961. An albino water snake from Erie County. Sci. on the March 42: 13.

Baker, P.; Hendrix, J.R.; Hopp, W.B. 1961. Preliminary studies on the growth rate of Natrix sipedon. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences 70: 260-201.

Balent, K.L.; Andreadis, P.T. 1998. The mixed foraging strategy of juvenile Northern Water Snakes. Journal of Herpetology 32(4): 575-579.

Balfour, P.S.; Brown, D.; Stitt, E.W.; Grinsell, K.; Buchanan, A.K. 2007. Geographic distribution: Nerodia sipedon (Northern Watersnake). Herpetological Review 38(4): 489.

Barron, J.N. 1997. Calorimetric analysis of neonatal water snakes, Nerodia sipedon. Journal of Herpetology 31(3): 422-425.

Barron, J.N. 1997. Calorimetric analysis of neonatal water snakes, Nerodia sipedon. Journal of Herpetology 31(3): 422-425.

Barron, J.N.; Andraso, G.M. 2001. The influence of fall foraging success on follicle number in the Northern Water Snake, Nerodia sipedon. Journal of Herpetology 35(3): 504-507.

Barry, F.E.; Weatherhead, P.J.; Philipp, D.P. 1992. Multiple paternity in a wild population of Northern Water Snakes Nerodia sipedon. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 30(3-4): 193-199.

Batson, R. 1949. Caesarean birth of a brood of Natrix sipedon sipedon. Herpetologica 5(6): 147.

Bauman, M.A.; Metter, D.E. 1975. Economics, feeding, and population structure of Natrix s. sipedon in a goldfish hatchery. Progressive Fish-Culturist 37(4): 197-201.

Bauman, M.A.; Metter, D.E. 1977. Reproductive cycle of the northern watersnake Natrix s. sipedon (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae). Journal of Herpetology 11(1): 51-59.

Baxter-Gilbert, J.; Riley, J.L.; Moldowan, P.D.; Litzgus, J.D. 2015. Natural history notes: Sistrurus catenatus catenatus (Eastern Massasauga) and Nerodia sipedon sipedon (Northern Watersnake). Diet and foreign object. Herpetological Review 46(1): 107.

Baxter-Gilbert, J.H.; Riley, J.L.; Lesbarréres, D.; Litzgus, J.D. 2015. Mitigating reptile road mortality: fence failures compromise ecopassage effectiveness. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0120537.

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