Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
 
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Genus
Phrynonax
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Neotropical Bird Snakes, Puffing Snakes
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Amerikanische Vogelnattern
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Neotropiske Fuglesnoge
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1862 |  |
Phrynonax Cope (type species: Tropidodipsas lunulata Cope 1861) |
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1893 | |
Synchalinus Cope (type species: Synchalinus corallioides Cope 1893; syn. Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [by implication]) |
Contents:
3 species, of which none are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
Previously placed in the nominal genus Pseustes, including one more species, sulphureus, until that species, along with Pseustes, was
synonymized with
Spilotes, after which Phrynonax became the next available name for the
remaining species of the genus (Jadin, Burbrink, Rivas, Vitt, Barrio-Amoros & Guralnick 2014).
Distribution:
Mexico, Central America, South America.
Reported from:
Belize,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Mato Grosso,
Para,
Rondonia),
Colombia
(incl.
Gorgona Island),
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guatemala,
Guyana,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Campeche,
Chiapas,
Oaxaca,
Quintana Roo,
San Luis Potosi,
Tabasco,
Veracruz,
Yucatan),
Nicaragua,
Panama,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Trinidad),
Venezuela.
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Phrynonax poecilonotus
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Northern Bird Snake
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Nördliche Vogelnatter
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Nordlig Fuglesnog
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1858 | |
Spilotes poecilonotus Günther |
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Phrynonax poecilonotus Gaige 1936 |
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Pseustes poecilonotus Brongersma 1937 |
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1861 | |
Tropidodipsas lunulata Cope (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
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1876 | |
Spilotes chrysobronchus Cope |
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Phrynonax poecilonotus chrysobronchus Amaral 1929 |
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Pseustes poecilonotus chrysobronchus Brongersma 1937 |
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1888 | |
Spilotes argus Bocourt |
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Phrynonax poecilonotus argus Amaral 1929 |
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Pseustes poecilonotus argus Brongersma 1937 |
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1893 | |
Synchalinus corallioides Cope (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
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1894 | |
Phrynonax guentheri Boulenger (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
Other common names:
argus: Arboreal Puffing Snake
Remarks:
Previously included polylepis and shropshirei. South American and Panamanian records refer to polylepis.
Distribution:
Belize,
Costa Rica,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Campeche,
Chiapas,
Oaxaca,
Quintana Roo,
San Luis Potosi,
Tabasco,
Veracruz,
Yucatan),
Nicaragua.
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Phrynonax sexcarinatus
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Southern Bird Snake, Mahogany Puffing Snake, Common Bird Snake, Bird-eating Tree Snake
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Südliche Vogelnatter
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Sydlig Fuglesnog
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1824 | |
Natrix sexcarinatus Wagler |
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Pseustes sexcarinatus Hoge 1964 |
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Phrynonax sexcarinatus Lopes & Passos 2023 |
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1867 | |
Ahaetulla polylepis Peters (syn. Lopes & Passos 2023) |
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Phrynonax poecilonotus polylepis Amaral 1929 |
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Pseustes poecilonotus polylepis Brongersma 1937 |
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Pseustes polylepis Lema 1999 |
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Phrynonax polylepis Jadin, Burbrink, Rivas, Vitt, Barrio-Amoros & Guralnick 2014 |
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1869 | |
Spilotes fasciatus Peters (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as syn. of polylepis]) |
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1894 | |
Phrynonax eutropis Boulenger (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as syn. of polylepis]) |
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1901 | |
Phrynonax lyoni Stejneger (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as syn. of polylepis]) |
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1913 | |
Phrynonax atriceps Werner (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as syn. of polylepis]) |
Remarks:
Jadin, Burbrink, Rivas, Vitt, Barrio-Amoros & Guralnick (2014) revalidated polylepis as a separate species.
Mumaw, González & Fernández (2015) regarded lyoni as a separate species.
Records from Argentina refer to
Chironius maculoventris (Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002).
Jadin, Burbrink, Rivas, Vitt, Barrio-Amoros & Guralnick (2014) incorrectly stated that Dixon, Wiest & Cei (1993) regarded sexcarinatus as a synonym of
Chironius quadricarinatus, however,
these authors regarded only some records of sexcarinatus as C. quadricarinatus.
They regarded sexcarinatus as a taxon belonging in the genus Pseustes (or after the subsequent revalidation of Phrynonax presumably in the latter genus).
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Amapa,
Amazonas,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Para,
Rondonia,
Roraima),
Colombia
(incl.
Gorgona Island),
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Panama,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Trinidad),
Venezuela.
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Phrynonax shropshirei
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Panamanian Bird Snake
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Panamaische Vogelnatter
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Panamansk Fuglesnog
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1924 | |
Phrynonax shropshirei Barbour & Amaral |
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Pseustes shropshirei Brongersma 1937 |
Remarks:
Status uncertain. Previously regarded as a synonym of poecilonotus (e.g., Savage 2002).
Treated herein as a valid species, following several recent publications (e.g., Pérez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993; Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014;
Jadin, Burbrink, Rivas, Vitt, Barrio-Amoros & Guralnick 2014).
Although the type locality is in Panama, Solís, Ibáñez & Jaramillo (1996) stated that presence of shropshirei in the country needs confirmation.
Not listed for Venezuela by Mumaw, González & Fernández (2015).
Distribution:
Colombia,
Ecuador,
Venezuela.
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