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Taxonomy of the genus Smaug Biodiversity of the family Cordylidae

Bibliography of the genus
Smaug (Dragon Girdled Lizards)

(Reptilia: Sauria: Cordylidae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Smaug in general

Mouton, A.F. le F.; Bates, M.; Broeckhoven, C. 2018. The relationship between generation gland morphology and armour in Dragon Lizards (Smaug): a reassessment of ancestral states for the Cordylidae. Amphibia-Reptilia 39(4): 457–470.

Stanley, E.L.; Bauer, A.M.; Jackman, T.R.; Branch, W.R.; Mouton, R. le F.N. 2011. Between a rock and a hard polytomy: rapid radiation in the rupicolous girdled lizard (Squamata: Cordylidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 58(1): 53-70.

Smaug barbertonensis

Dam, G.P.F. van 1921. Descriptions of new species of Zonurus and notes on the species of Zonurus occuring in the Transvaal. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 7(4): 239-243.

FitzSimons, V. 1930. Descriptions of new South African Reptilia and Batrachia, with Distribution Records of Allied Species in the Transvaal Museum Collection. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 14(1): 20-48.

FitzSimons, V. 1933. Descriptions of five new lizards from the Transvaal and Southern Rhodesia. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15(2): 273-280.

Stanley, E.L.; Bates, M.F. 2014. Here be dragons: a phylogenetic and biogeographical study of the Smaug warreni species complex (Squamata: Cordylidae) in southern Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172(4): 892-909.

Smaug breyeri

Dam, G.P.F. van 1921. Descriptions of new species of Zonurus and notes on the species of Zonurus occuring in the Transvaal. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 7(4): 239-243.

Smaug depressus

Berghof, H.P. 2006. Erfahrungen bei der Pflege und Vermehrung von Cordylus warreni depressus, (Fitzsimons, 1930). Sauria (Berlin) 28(2): 5-13.

Berghof, H.P. 2011. Bemerkungen zur Geschlechtsreife von Cordyliden am Beispiel von Ouroborus cataphractus, Smaug mossambicus und Smaug warreni depressus. Sauria (Berlin) 33(4): 41-46.

FitzSimons, V. 1930. Descriptions of new South African Reptilia and Batrachia, with Distribution Records of Allied Species in the Transvaal Museum Collection. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 14(1): 20-48.

Krabbe-Paulduro, U.; Paulduro, E. 1986. Durch Nachzucht erhalten: Warrens Gürtelschweif. Aquarien Magazin 20(10): 412-416.

Stanley, E.L.; Bates, M.F. 2014. Here be dragons: a phylogenetic and biogeographical study of the Smaug warreni species complex (Squamata: Cordylidae) in southern Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172(4): 892-909.

Smaug giganteus

Adolphs, K.; Troger, M. 1987. Lebensweise, Haltung und Zuchtproblematik des Riesengürtelschweifs Cordylus giganteus A. Smith, 1844. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 9(46): 28-33.

Armstrong, A.J. 2011. Status of the sungazer, Smaug giganteus in Kwazulu-Natal province, South Africa. African Herp News 54: 1-4.

Bacon, J.P. 1975. The sungazer and thermoregulation. Zoonooz 48(10): 4-5.

Branch, W.R.; Patterson, R.W. 1975. Notes on the ecology of the giant girdled lizard, Cordylus giganteus. Journal of Herpetology 9(4): 364-366.

FitzSimons, V. 1965. The Giant Girdled Lizard or Sungazer (Cordylus giganteus A. Smith). Fauna and Flora (Pretoria) 16: 29-32.

Fogel, G. 2000. Observations on the giant sungazer lizard, Cordylus giganteus, in captivity. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 35(12): 277-280.

Fogel, G. 2012. Armadillo lizards and sungazers: the names are changed but the lizards remain the same. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 47(3): 33.

Groenewald, G.H. 1992. The relocation of Cordylus giganteus in the Orange Free State, South Africa: pitfalls and their possible prevention. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 40: 72-77.

Jacobsen, N.H.G.; Newbery, R.E.; Petersen, W. 1990. On the ecology and conservation status of Cordylus giganteus A. Smith in the Transvaal. South African Journal of Zoology 25(1): 61-66.

Kilchenmann, W. 1977. Gürtelechsen. Aquaria (St. Gallen) 24(5): 87-90.

Koch-Isenburg, L. 1977. Der Riesengürtelschweif Cordylus giganteus A. Smith aus Südafrika. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein Darmstadt Bericht N.F. 1976(1): 4-5.

Kühner, F. 1935. Beobachtungen am Gürtelschweif, Zonurus giganteus. Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde (Stuttgart) 46: 15-17.

Marais, J. 1984. Notes on the giant girdled lizard Cordylus giganteus A. Smith. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 18: 30-33.

McIntyre, T.; Whiting, M.J. 2012. Increased metal concentrations in Giant Sungazer Lizards (Smaug giganteus) from mining areas in South Africa. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 63(4): 574-585.

McLachlan, G.R. 1986. Geographical distribution. Reptilia. Sauria. Cordylidae. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 32: 30.

Newman, A.C. 1965. Further observations from Umtali snake park. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Rhodesia 23/24: 55-57.

Parusnath, S. 2012. Natural history notes: Smaug giganteus A. Smith, 1844. Sungazer. Predation. African Herp News 58: 13-14.

Parusnath, S.; Nielsen, S. 2011. About the cover: Smaug giganteus. Giant Girdled Lizard or Sungazer. African Herp News 55: 25-26.

Paulduro, E.; Krabbe-Paulduro, U. 1987. Ammerkungen zur Lebensweise, Haltung und Zuchtproblematik des Riesengürtelschweifs Cordylus giganteus A. Smith, 1844. Sauria (Berlin) 9(4): 9-17.

Petersen, W.; Newbery, R.; Jacobsen, N. 1985. Cordylus giganteus is alive and well and living at Rietpoort. Fauna and Flora (Pretoria) 42: 26-29.

Petzold, H.G. 1974. Cordylus giganteus, A. Smith, 1844, Riesengürtelschweif (Familie: Cordylidae, Gürtel- und Schildechsen). Aquarien und Terrarien (Leipzig) 21(5): 170-171.

Rohdich, W. 1971. Gorgo - Gigant mit sonnigem Gemüt. So pflegen wir den Riesen-Gürtelschweif. Aquarien Magazin (Stuttgart) 5(7): 272-275.

Schmidt, P. 1924. Jugendform des Riesengürtelschweifs Zonurus giganteus Smith. Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde (Stuttgart) 35: 336-337.

Schwier, H. 2007. Der Riesengürtelschweif Cordylus giganteus - einzigartig und mysterios zugleich. Reptilia (D) 12(65): 40-44.

Schwier, H. 2007. The giant girdled lizard extraordinary and mysterious: Cordylus giganteus. Reptilia (GB) 52: 33-37.

Switak, K.H. 1981. Der Riesengürtelschweif oder Südafrikanische Sonnengucker Cordylus giganteus. Aquarium (Bornheim) 15(136): 537-541.

Switak, K.H. 1993. Sonnengucker. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 46(8): 504-507.

Wyk, J.H. van 1991. Biennial reproduction in the female viviparous lizard Cordylus giganteus. Amphibia-Reptilia 12(3): 329-342.

Wyk, J.H. van 1994. Physiological changes during the female reproductive cycle of the viviparous lizard Cordylus giganteus (Sauria: Cordylidae). Herpetologica 50(4): 480-493.

Wyk, J.H. van 1995. The male reproductive cycle of the lizard, Cordylus giganteus (Sauria: Cordylidae). Journal of Herpetology 29(4): 522-535.

Wyk, J.H. van 2000. Seasonal variation in stomach contents and diet composition in the large girdled lizard, Cordylus giganteus (Reptilia: Cordylidae) in the Highveld grasslands of the northeastern Free State, South Africa. African Zoology 35(1): 9-27.

Wyk, J.H. van; Swarts, C. 2002. Cordylus giganteus. Giant Girdled Lizard or Sungazer. African Herp News 35: 16-17.

Smaug mossambicus

Berghof, H.P. 2007. Cordylus mossambicus: the gorongosa girdled lizard. An interesting and hardy terrarium animal. Reptilia (GB) 52: 26-32.

Berghof, H.P. 2011. Bemerkungen zur Geschlechtsreife von Cordyliden am Beispiel von Ouroborus cataphractus, Smaug mossambicus und Smaug warreni depressus. Sauria (Berlin) 33(4): 41-46.

FitzSimons, V. 1958. A new Cordylus from Gorongoza, Mocambique. Annals of the Natal Museum (Pietermaritzburg) 14(2): 351-353.

Smaug regius

Broadley, D.G. 1962. On some reptile collections from the northwestern and northeastern districts of Southern Rhodesia 1958-61, with descriptions of four new lizards. Occasional Papers of the National Museums of Southern Rhodesia (B) 3(26): 787-843.

Broadley, D.G. 1963. New reptiles from Rhodesia. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Rhodesia 20: 3-5.

Newman, A.C. 1965. Further observations from Umtali snake park. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Rhodesia 23/24: 55-57.

Smaug vandami

FitzSimons, V. 1930. Descriptions of new South African Reptilia and Batrachia, with Distribution Records of Allied Species in the Transvaal Museum Collection. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 14(1): 20-48.

Smaug warreni

Broadley, D.G. 1962. Cordylus warreni, a new addition to the Southern Rhodesian list, with some remarks on other rupicolous lizards. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Rhodesia 17/18: 5-8.

FitzSimons, V. 1933. Descriptions of five new lizards from the Transvaal and Southern Rhodesia. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15(2): 273-280.

Hart, H. 1972. Zur Pflege von Cordylus warreni. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 25(5): 175-176.

Jacobsen, N.H.G.; Pienaar, U. de V. 1984. New reptile records from the Kruger National Park. Koedoe 26: 135-144.

Krabbe-Paulduro, U.; Paulduro, E. 1989. Cordylus warreni (Boulenger). Sauria (Berlin) 11(4): 33-40.

McElroy, E.J.; Wilson, R.; Biknevicius, A.R.; Reilly, S.M. 2014. A comparative study of single-leg ground reaction forces in running lizards. Journal of Experimental Biology 217(5): 735-742.

Stanley, E.L.; Bates, M.F. 2014. Here be dragons: a phylogenetic and biogeographical study of the Smaug warreni species complex (Squamata: Cordylidae) in southern Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172(4): 892-909.