Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates





Related bibliographies:

Reptiles
Lizards
Varanidae

Africa
Asia
Australia
Malay Archipelago
Middle East

Pacific Ocean









































































































































































































































































































































Taxonomy of the genus Varanus Biodiversity of the family Varanidae

Bibliography of the genus
Varanus (Monitor Lizards)

(Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Varanus in general

Anonymous. 1928. Protection of monitor lizards. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 33: 185-187.

Akeret, B. 2013. Erfahrungen mit dem Bau von Waranterrarien und der Haltung kleiner Varanus-Arten der Untergattung Odatria. Draco 14(53): 37-44.

Arbuckle, K. 2009. Ecological function of venom in Varanus, with a compilation of dietary records from the literature. Biawak 3(2): 46-56.

Arida, E.; Böhme, W. 2010. The origin of Varanus: when fossils, morphology, and molecules alone are never enough. Biawak 4(4): 117-124.

Ast, J.C. 2001. Mitochondrial DNA evidence and evolution in Varanoidea (squamata). Cladistics 17(3): 211-226.

Attwell, R.I.G. 1960. A monitor´s mishap. Wild Life (Nairobi) 2(3): 31.

Ballou, G. 1957. Varanus, the little dragon. Nature Magazine (New York) 50: 79-80.

Barabanov, A.; Milto, K.D, 2017. An annotated type catalogue of the anguid, dibamid, scincid and varanid lizards in the Department of Herpetology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (Reptilia: Sauria: Anguidae, Dibamidae, Scincidae and Varanidae). Zootaxa 4244(1): 65–78.

Bartholomew, G.A.; Tucker, V.A. 1964. Size, body temperature, thermal conductance. oxygen consumption and heartrate in Australian Varanid lizards. Physiological Zoology 37(4): 341-354.

Baverstock, P.R.; King, D.; King, M.; Birrell, J.; Krieg, M. 1993. The evolution of species of the Varanidae: microcomplement fixation analysis of serum albumins. Australian Journal of Zoology 41(6): 621-638.

Bayless, M.K. 1997. The distribution of African monitor lizards (Sauria: Varanidae). African Journal of Ecology 35(4): 374-377.

Bayless, M.K. 2002. Monitor lizards: A pan-African check-list of their zoogeography (Sauria: Varanidae: Polydaedalus). Journal of Biogeography 29(12): 1643-1701.

Bayless, M.K. 2004. The local names of Pacific monitor lizards (Sauria: Varanidae) of Oceania & Indo-Malaysia, excluding Australia. Micronesica 37(1): 49-55.

Bayless, M.K. 2006. Savannah Monitors: A Complete Guide to Varanus exanthematicus and Others. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 128 pp.

Bayless, M.K.; Adragna, J.A. 1997. Monitor lizards in the Philippine Islands: a historical perspective (Sauria: Varanidae). Asia Life Sciences 6(1-2): 39-50.

Bayless, M.K.; Luiselli, L. 2001. A review of predation on African monitor lizards (Varanidae). Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 97: 19-26.

Beadon, W.R.C. 1924. Python and monitor. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 30: 229-230.

Becker, H.O. 1991. The lung morphology of Varanus yemenensis Bohme, Joger & Schätti, 1989, and its bearing on the systematics of the Afro-Asian monitor radiation. Mertensiella 2: 29-37.

Becker, H.O.; Böhme, W.; Perry, S.F. 1989. Die Lungenmorphologie der Warane (Reptilia: Varanidae) und ihre sytematisch-stammegeschichtliche Bedeutung. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 40(1): 27-56.

Bedford, G.; Christian, K.A. 1996. Tail morphology related to habitat of varanid lizards and some other reptiles. Amphibia-Reptilia 17(2): 131-140.

Bellairs, A.A. 1949. Observations on the snout of Varanus and a comparison with that of other lizards and snakes. Journal of Anatomy (London) 83: 116-146.

Bellairs, A.A.; Miles, A.E.W. 1960. Apparent failure of tooth replacement in monitor lizards. With remarks on loss of teeth in other reptiles. British Journal of Herpetology 2(11): 189-194.

Bennett, D. 1990. Monitor lizards in the wild and in the home. Thames and Chiltern Herpetological Group Newsletter 112: 4-12.

Bennett, D. 1991. Monitor lizards of the world. Rephiberary 168: 2-3.

Bennett, D. 1993. Some remarks on longevity in monitor lizards. SWHS Journal 2(3): 27-29.

Bennett, D. 1996. Warane der Welt. Welt der Warane. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 383 pp. (Translation by T. Wilms of 1996 English original).

Bennett, D. 1998. Monitor lizards. Natural history, biology & husbandry. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 352 pp. (2nd revised and expanded edition of "A little book of monitor lizards". Edited by T. Wilms & B. Bartholemew).

Bharatan, E. 1971. Cobra and monitor lizard. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 68(3): 838-839.

Blamires, S.J. 2000. Estimating the number of Varanus inhabiting an Australian tropical beach from track characteristics. Herpetological Review 31(3): 155-158.

Blamires, S.J. 2000. Some habitat and behaviour observations of varanids in the Northern Territory. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 30(2): 42-45.

Böhme, W. 1991. Artbildung bei Waranen (Sauria: Varanidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 67(1): 81-83.

Böhme, W. 1991. New findings on the hemipenial morphology of monitor lizards and their systematic implications. Mertensiella 2: 42-49.

Böhme, W. 1991. The identity of Varanus gouldii (Gray, 1838), and the nomenclature of the V. gouldii-species complex. Mertensiella 2: 38-41.

Böhme, W. 1995. Hemiclitoris discovered: a fully differentiated erectile structure in female monitor lizards (Varanus spp.) (Reptilia: Varanidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 33(3): 129-132.

Böhme, W. 2003. Checklist of the living monitor lizards of the world (family Varanidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 341: 1-43.

Böhme, W.; Horn, H.G. (eds.) 1991. Advances in monitor research. Proceedings of the 'First Multidisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards' held in the Alexander Koenig Zoological Research Institute and Museum Bonn, September 20-22, 1989. Mertensiella 2: 1-266.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 2009. A review of iguanian and anguimorph lizard genitalia (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae; Varanoidea, Shinisauridae, Xenosauridae, Anguidae) and their phylogenetic significance: comparisons with molecular data sets. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 47(2): 189-202.

Bone, W.H. 1920. The booming lizard of Australia. Science (New York) 52: 273.

Boshoff, A.F.; Palmer, N.G. 1980. Macro-analysis of prey remains from martial eagle nests in the Cape Province. Ostrich 51(1): 7-13.

Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2. Iguanidae, Xenosauridae, Zonuridae, Anguidae, Anniellidae, Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Xantusiidae, Teiidae, Amphisbaenidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. 497 pp.

Branch, W.R. 1982. Hemipeneal morphology of platynotan lizards. Journal of Herpetology 16(1): 16-38.

Branch, W.R. 1991. The life and leguaans of 'Gogga' Brown. African Wildlife 45(4): 172-175.

Branch, W.R. 1997. Family Varanidae. pp. 76-82. In: Wyk, J.H. van (ed.). Proceedings of the FitzSimons Commemorative Symposium (South African lizards: 50 years of progress) and Third H.A.A. Symposium on African herpetology: held at the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, South Africa, 11-15 October 1993. Herpetological Association of Africa, Matieland. 227 pp.

Broadley, D.G. 1975. Nesting habits of Varanus. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 13(1): 7.

Brown, C.; Foster, C.; Spivey White, J.; Hesletine, J. 2003. Feeding behaviour in monitor lizards and snakes; does direction of prey ingestion influence prey handling time? Herpetological Bulletin 83: 26-29.

Brown, D. 2012. A Guide to Australian Monitors in Captivity. Australian Birdkeeper / Reptile Publications, Burleigh, Queensland. 264 pp.

Brygoo, E.R. 1987. Les types de varanides (reptiles, sauriens) du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Catalogue critique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Section A Zoologie Biologie et Ecologie Animales 9(2): 21-38.

Brygoo, E.R. 1991. Addenda. 'Catalogue des types de varanides'. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Section A Zoologie Biologie et Ecologie Animales 12(3-4): 143.

Bucklitsch, Y.; Böhme, W.; Koch, A. 2016. Scale morphology and micro-structure of monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae: Varanus spp.) and their allies: implications for systematics, ecology, and conservation. Zootaxa 4153(1): 1-192.

Burnett, S. 1997. Colonizing cane toads cause population declines in native predators: reliable anecdotal information and management implications. Pacific Conservation Biology 3(1): 65-72.

Burton, A.M. 1993. Response of prey species to foraging goshawks Accipiter spp. Australian Bird Watcher 15(2): 94-95.

Card, W. 1994. A reproductive history of monitors at the Dallas Zoo. Vivarium (Lakeside) 6(1): 26-29, 44, 46-47.

Card, W. 1995. Monitor lizard husbandry. Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 5(3): 9-17.

Card, W. 1995. Monitor lizards: this man's best friends. Tropical Fish Hobbyist 44(1): 148, 150, 152, 154-157, 159, 161-163.

Card, W.; Kluge, A.G. 1995. Hemipeneal skeleton and varanid lizard systematics. Journal of Herpetology 29(2): 275-280.

Christian, A. 2007. Scaling effects in monitor lizards and consequences for the evolution of large size in terrestrial vertebrates. Mertensiella 16: 1-9.

Christian, A.; Garland, T. 1996. Scaling of limb proportions in monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae). Journal of Herpetology 30(2): 219-230.

Christian, K.A.; Conley, K.E. 1994. Activity and resting metabolism of varanid lizards compared with 'typical' lizards. Australian Journal of Zoology 42(2): 185-193.

Christian, K.A.; Weavers, B.W. 1996. Thermoregulation of monitor lizards in Australia: an evaluation of methods in thermal biology. Ecological Monographs 66(2): 139-157.

Cissé, M. 1971. La diapause chex les Varanides du Senegal. Notes Africaines 131: 57-67.

Cissé, M. 1972. L'alimentation des varanides au Senegal. Bulletin IFAN (Ser. A) 34(2): 503-515.

Cissé, M. 1976. Le cycle genital des Varans du Senegal (reptiles, lacertiliens). Bulletin IFAN (Sci. Nat.) 38(1): 188-205.

Clemente, C.J.; Thompson, G.G.; Withers, P.C. 2009. Evolutionary relationships of sprint speed in Australian varanid lizards. Journal of Zoology (London) 278(4): 270-280.

Clemente, C.J.; Withers, P.C.; Thompson, G.G. 2009. Metabolic rate and endurance capacity in Australian varanid lizards (Squamata; Varanidae; Varanus). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 97(3): 664-676.

Clemente, C.J.; Withers, P.C.; Thompson, G.G.; Lloyd, D. 2011. Evolution of limb bone loading and body size in varanid lizards. Journal of Experimental Biology 214(18): 3013-3020.

Clemente, C.J.; Withers, P.C.; Thompson, G.G.; Lloyd, D. 2013. Lizard tricks: overcoming conflicting requirements of speed versus climbing ability by altering biomechanics of the lizard stride. Journal of Experimental Biology 216(20): 3854-3862.

Cogger, H.G. 1959. Australian Goannas. Australian Museum Mag. 13: 71-75.

Collar, D.C.; Schulte, J.A.; Losos, J.B. 2011. Evolution of extreme body size disparity in monitor lizards (Varanus). Evolution 65(9): 2664-2680.

Conrad, J.L.; Ast, J.C.; Montanari, S.; Norell, M.A. 2011. A combined evidence phylogenetic analysis of Anguimorpha (Reptilia: Squamata). Cladistics 27(3): 230-277.

Cota, M. 2009. Study and conservation of varanids of Thailand: past achievements and future challenges. Journal of Wildlife in Thailand 16(1): 11.

Cota, M. (ed.). 2016. Proceedings of the 2015 Interdisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand. 247 pp.

D'Abreu, E.A. 1933. Notes on monitor lizards. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 36(2): 269-270.

Daniels, R.J.R. 1995. Notes on the status of monitor lizards & crocodiles in India. Cobra (Madras) 21: 6-11.

Das, I. 1989. Indian monitor lizards: a review of human utilisation patterns. Hamadryad 14(1): 16-19.

Dil'mykhamedov, M.E. 1974. [Some morphological peculiarities of Varanidae and about their position in the Squamata system]. (In Russian). Biologicheskie Nauk. kazakh. gosud. Univ. 6: 80-82.

Dollinger, P. (ed.) 1985. Identification manual. Vol. 3. Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Lausanne, Switzerland. 266pp.

Earley, R.L.; Attum, O.; Eason, P. 2002. Varanid combat: perspectives from game theory. Amphibia-Reptilia 23(4): 469-485.

Eidenmüller, B. 1997. Haltung und Zucht von Waranen. Reptilia (D) 2(5): 22-25.

Eidenmüller, B. 1997. The monitor family. pp. 35-46. In: Wilkie, A.H. (ed.). Reptile and amphibian culture: proceedings of the 1997 International Herpetological Society's Symposium. International Herpetological Society, Stourbridge. 96 pp.

Eidenmüller, B. 1997. Warane. Lebensweise, Pflege, Zucht. Herpeton, Offenbach.

Eidenmüller, B. 2001. Die Warane des Northern Territory, Australien. Draco 2(3) (7): 30-41.

Eidenmüller, B. 2005. Captive care of monitors. Part II: diet and reproduction. Iguana (West Hartford) 12(4): 246-251.

Eidenmüller, B. 2005. Captive care of monitors. Part I: Introduction and housing. Iguana (West Hartford) 12(3): 177-181.

Eidenmüller, B. 2007. Kleinwarane im Terrarium. Reptilia (D) 12(63): 16-23.

Eidenmüller, B. 2007. Monitor lizards: natural history, captive care, breeding. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 176 pp.

Eidenmüller, B. 2009. Warane - Lebensweise, Pflege, Zucht. 3rd ed. Herpeton, Offenbach. 207 pp.

Eidenmüller, B. 2015. Smaragdwarane. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 94 pp.

Eidenmüller, B. 2016. Emerald Monitors - The Varanus prasinus Group. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 94 pp.

Eidenmüller, B.; Philippen, H.D. 2008. Varanoid lizards / Warane und Krustenechsen. (Terralog vol. 6). Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main / Rodgau. 148 pp.

Farlow, J.O.; Pianka, E.R. 2000. Body form and trackway pattern in Australian Desert Monitors (Squamata: Varanidae): comparing zoological and ichnological diversity. Palaios 15(3): 235-247.

Fauvel, J.B.; Koch, A. 2009. Zoo-ethnological observations in southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia: a case study of Kembar Buaya ("monitor twins"). Biawak 3(3): 77-80.

Fitch, A.J.; Goodman, A.E.; Donnellan, S.C. 2006. A molecular phylogeny of the Australian monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Australian Journal of Zoology 54(4): 253-269.

Fleay, D. 1950. Goannas, giant lizards of the Australian bush. Animal Kingdom 53: 92-96.

Fleay, R. 1958. How to capture a goanna. Animal Kingdom 61: 73-75.

Fry, B.G.; Scheib, H. 2007. Venom breathing dragons: the molecular diversity of protein toxins in varanid venoms. Mertensiella 16: 10-24.

Frydlova, P.; Frynta, D. 2010. A test of Rensch's rule in varanid lizards. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 100(2): 293-306.

Fuller, S.; Baverstock, P.; King, D. 1998. Biogeographic origins of goannas (Varanidae): a molecular perspective. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9(2): 294-307.

Funk, R.S.; Vilaro, P.R. 1980. An English translation of Robert Mertens 'Keys to the monitor lizards, with a list of currently recognized species and subspecies'. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 15(2): 31-46.

Galinat, A. 1987. [Mysterious lizards]. (In Polish). Wszechswiat 88(7-8): 163-164.

Gaulke, M. 1991. On the diet of the water monitor, Varanus salvator, in the Philippines. Mertensiella 2: 143-153.

Gaulke, M. 1997. Sex determination of monitor lizards in the field - a review of methods. Hamadryad 22(1): 28-31.

Gaulke, M. 1997. Warane. Nutzung durch den Menschen. Reptilia (D) 2(5): 28-32.

Good, D.A.; Bauer, A.M.; Günther, R. 1993. An annotated type catalogue of the anguimorph lizards (Squamata: Anguidae, Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Xenosauridae) in the Zoological Museum, Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 69(1): 45-56.

Goulburnite, (-). 1909. A bird enemy - the goanna. Emu 8: 157-158. (Reprint of 1908 original article).

Green, B.; Christian, K. 2007. Field metabolic rates (FMRs) and water fluxes in free-living varanid lizards; a review. Mertensiella 16: 240-246.

Grossman, A.B. 1955. Review of "The systematic position of Lanthonotus and the affinities of the anguinomorphan lizards". Quarterly Review of Biology 30: 400.

Gunawardena, S.A. 2016. Forensic significance of monitor lizard scavenging activity on human corpses. Biawak 10(2): 45-47.

Haberle, H. 1976. Warane - eine Zusammenfassung mit Kurzbeschreibung. Aquarium Aqua Terra 10(87): 409-415.

Haberle, H. 1976. Warane und einige Hinweise für die Pflege. Das Aquarium 85(July): 318-320.

Harrison, J.L. 1955. The age of a monitor lizard. Malayan Nature Journal 9(4): 134-135.

Hocknull, S.A.; Piper, P.J.; Bergh, G.D. van den; Due, R.A.; Morwood, M.J.; Kurniawan, I. 2009. Dragon's paradise lost: palaeobiogeography, evolution and extinction of the largest-ever terrestrial lizards (Varanidae). PLoS ONE 4(9): e7241, 1-15.

Hoerenberg, T.; Koch, A. 2013. Die Zwergwarane der Untergattung Odatria Gray, 1838. Draco 14(53): 6-19.

Holmes, R.S.; King, M.; King, D. 1975. Phenetic relationships among varanid lizards based upon comparative electrophoretic data and karyotypic analyses. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 3(4): 257-262.

Holmes, R.S.; King, M.; King, D. 1975. Phenetic relationships among varanid lizards based upon comparative electrophoretic data of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes and karyotypic analyses. Proceedings of the Australian Biochemical Society 8: 2.

Horn, H.G. 1976. Mangelerscheinungen bei der Haltung von Waranen. Salamandra 12(3): 159-162.

Horn, H.G. 1995. Neue und unentdeckte Warane. Zur Geschichte einiger moderner Waranentdeckungen. TI-Magazin 125: 43-45.

Horn, H.G. 1999. Evolutionary efficiency and success in monitors: a survey on behaviour and behavioural strategies and some comments. Mertensiella 11: 167-180.

Horn, H.G. 2004. Keeping monitors in captivity: a biological, technical and legislative problem. pp. 556-570. In: Pianka, E.R.; King, D.R.; King, R.A. (eds.). Varanoid lizards of the world. Indiana University Press, Bloomington. 588 pp.

Horn, H.G.; Böhme, W. (eds.) 1999. Advances in monitor research 2. Proceedings of the "Second Multidisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards", held in the Alexander Koenig Zoological Research Institute and Museum Bonn, August 12-14, 1997. Mertensiella 11: 1-366.

Horn, H.G.; Böhme, W.; Krebs, U. (eds.). 2007. Advances in monitor research III. Mertensiella 16: 1-447.

Horn, H.G.; Böhme, W.; Krebs, U. 2007. Proceeding of the "Third Multidisciplinary World Conference on monitor lizards" held in the Alexander Koenig Zoological Research Museum, Bonn, October 3-5, 2005. Mertensiella 16: 1-447.

Horn, H.G.; Gaulke, M.; Böhme, W. 1994. New data on ritualized combats in monitor lizards (Sauria: Varanidae), with remarks on their function and phylogenetic implications. Zoologische Garten 64(5): 265-280.

Horn, H.G.; Visser, G.J. 1989. Review of reproduction of monitor lizards Varanus spp. in captivity. International Zoo Yearbook 28: 140-150.

Horn, H.G.; Visser, G.J. 1991. Basic data on the biology of monitors. Mertensiella 2: 176-187.

Horn, H.G.; Visser, G.J. 1997. Review of reproduction of monitor lizards Varanus spp in captivity 2. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 227-246.

Hoser, R.T. 2013. Monitor lizards reclassified with some common sense (Squamata: Sauria: Varanidae). Australasian Journal of Herpetology 21: 41-58.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1985. Opinion 1359. Uroplat- as the stem of family-group names in Reptilia, Sauria and Insecta, Coleoptera: a ruling to remove the homonymy. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 42(4): 344-346.

Irvine, W. 1957. Notes on the genus Varanus (Monitor lizards). North Queensland Naturalist 27(119): 1-2.

Irvine, W. 1958. Notes on the genus Varanus (continued). North Queensland Naturalist 27(120): 3.

Irwin, S. 1996. An innovative strategy for the detection of egg-deposition in captive varanid reptiles. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 26(1): 31-32.

Irwin, S.; Engle, K.; Mackness, B. 1996. Nocturnal nesting by captive varanid lizards. Herpetological Review 27(4): 192-194.

IUCN Species Survival Committee. Captive Breeding Specialist Group. 1993. Conservation assessment and management plan and global captive action plan summaries: Iguaninae and Varanidae, Boidae and Pythonidae, Columbiformes, Galliformes, Caprinae and Tragulidae, Cervidae, 25 March 1993. Iucn/ssc Captive Breeding Specialist Group, Place of Publication Not Given. 252pp.

James, C.D.; Losos, J.B.; King, D.R. 1992. Reproductive biology and diets of goannas (Reptilia: Varanidae) from Australia. Journal of Herpetology 26(2): 128-136.

Jennings, W.B.; Pianka, E.R. 2004. Tempo and timing of the Australian Varanus radiation. pp. 77-87. In: Pianka, E.R.; King, D.R.; King, R.A. (eds.). Varanoid lizards of the world. Indiana University Press, Bloomington. 588 pp.

Joleaud, L. 1930. Études de geographie zoologique sur la Berberie. Les Reptiles. Compte Rendu des Seances de la Societe de Biogeographie 7(53): 17-22.

King, D. 1991. The effect of body size on the ecology of varanid lizards. Mertensiella 2: 204-210.

King, D.; Fuller, S.; Baverstock, P. 1999. The biogeographical origins of varanid lizards. Mertensiella 11: 43-49.

King, D.; Green, B. 1993. Family Varanidae. pp. 253-260. In: Glasby, C.J.; Ross, G.J.B. & Beesley, P.L. (eds.). Fauna of Australia. Vol. 2A. Amphibia & Reptilia. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. 439 pp.

King, D.; Green, B. 1993. Goannas: the biology of varanid lizards. 1st ed. University of New South Wales Press, Kensington. 102 pp.

King, D.; Green, B. 1999. Goannas: the biology of varanid lizards. 2nd ed. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney. 116 pp.

King, D.; Green, B. 1999. Monitors: the biology of varanid lizards. 2nd ed. Krieger, Malabar. 116 pp.

King, D.; King, M.; Baverstock, P. 1991. A new phylogeny of the Varanidae. Mertensiella 2: 211-219.

King, D.R.; Pianka, E.R.; Green, B. 2002. Biology, ecology and evolution. pp. 23-41. In: Murphy, J.B.; Ciofi, C.; Panouse, C. de la; Walsh, T. (eds.). Komodo dragons: biology and conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington & London. 268 pp.

King, M; King, D. 1975. Chromosomal evolution in the lizard genus Varanus (Reptilia). Aus. J. Biol. Sci. 28(1): 89-108

Kirschner, A.; Müller, T.; Seufer, H. 1996. Faszination Warane. Kirschner & Seufer Verlag, Keltern-Weiler. 254 pp.

Kitamura, S.; Thong-Aree, S.; Madsri, S.; Poonswad, P. 2010. Mammal diversity and conservation in a small isolated forest of southern Thailand. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 58(1): 145-156.

Klee, O. 1972. Urbilder der Drachen - die Warane. Aquarien Magazin (Stuttgart) 6(8): 320-323.

Koch, A. 2016. The trade in exotic reptiles in Germany using the example of monitor lizards (Family Varanidae): a report on the Interdisciplinary Meeting of the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, 18-21 April 2016. Biawak 10(1): 9-12.

Koch, A.; Arida, E.; Böhme, W. 2007. Zwischenbericht über die Herpetofauna Sulawesis unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gattung Varanus: phylogeographische Beziehungen zu angrenzenden Gebieten. Elaphe 15(3): 42-52.

Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2005. Die Herpetofauna Sulawesis unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gattung Varanus: phylogeographische Beziehungen zu angrenzenden Gebieten - Das Projekt stellt sich vor. Elaphe 13(4): 43-46.

Koch, A.; Dittmar, K. 2011. Bericht über die Jahrestagung 2011 der DGHT-AG Warane am ZFMK. Elaphe 19(3): 74-75.

Krebs, U. 1991. Ethology and learning: from observation to semi-natural experiment. Mertensiella 2: 220-232.

Krebs, U. 2007. On intelligence in man and monitor. Observations, concepts, proposals. Mertensiella 16: 44-58.

Krebs, U. 2016. The feeding act in a few varanid species. A description with systematic and evolutionary implications. Pp. 151-165. In: Cota, M. (ed.). Proceedings of the 2015 Interdisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand. 247 pp.

Kronen, D. 1983. A preliminary bibliography of the Varanidae to 1974. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 18(3-4): 96-110.

Lambiris, A.J.L. 1992. Preliminary remarks on the use of osteoderms as an adjunct to the taxonomy of southern African lizards. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 40: 14-18.

Landsmeer, J.M.F. 1981. Digital morphology in Varanus and Iguana. Journal of Morphology 168(3): 289-295.

Landsmeer, J.M.F. 1981. Forearm rotation in Varanus. (Abstract). Acta Morphologica Neerlando-Scandinavica 19(3): 265.

Landsmeer, J.M.F. 1981. Morphology and function of fingers of some reptiles. (Abstract). Acta Morphologica Neerlando-Scandinavica 19(2): 164.

Landsmeer, J.M.F. 1984. Morphology of the anterior limb in relation to sprawling gait in Varanus. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 52: 27-45.

Landsmeer, J.M.F. 1986. A comparison of fingers and hand in Varanus, opossum and Primates. Acta Morphologica Neerlando-Scandinavica 24(3): 193-221.

Landsmeer, J.M.F. 1993. Evolution and the hand. pp. 323-333. In: Preuschoft, H. & Chivers, D.J. (eds.). Hands of primates. Springer-Verlag, Wien & New York. 421 pp.

Lauprasert, K. 1999. Species diversity, distribution and morphological differences of monitor lizards (family Varanidae) in southern Thailand. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.

Lauprasert, K.; Thirakhupt, K. 2001. Species diversity, distribution and proposed status of monitor lizards (family Varanidae) in southern Thailand. Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 1(1): 39-46.

Lederer, G. 1933. Beobachtungen an Waranen im Frankfurter Zoo. Zoologische Garten N.F. (Leipzig) 6(6-4): 118-126.

Lekagul, B. 1969. Monitors (Varanus) of Thailand. Conservation News of South East Asia 8(December): 31-32.

Lemm, J.M. 2001. Die häufigsten Warane im Tierhandel - Arten und Grundlagen der Haltung. Draco 2(3) (7): 20-28.

Lisle, H.F. de 1996. The natural history of monitor lizards. Krieger, Malabar, Florida. 201 pp.

Lisle, H.F. de 1998. Monitors & Wallace's line. Three new species of Varanus discovered. Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 55: 65-69.

Lisle, H.F. de 2009. Catalog of the genus Varanus (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) with new designations of a neotype and a lectotype. ZooNova 1(2): 8-32.

Lisle, H.F. de; Dewantara, N. 2005. Natural history notes: Varanus cf. gouldii (Gould's Monitor). Ritual combat. Herpetological Review 36(2): 185.

Losos, J.B.; Greene, H.W. 1988. Ecological and evolutionary implications of diet in monitor lizards. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 35(4): 379-407.

Luxmoore, R.; Groombridge, B. 1990. Asian Monitor Lizards. A review of distribution, status, exploitation and trade in four selected species. CITES, Lausanne. 195 pp.

Macleay, W. 1878. On the family Monitoridae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 2: 60.

McCurry, M.R.; Mahony, M.; Clausen, P.D.; Quayle, M.R.; Walmsley, C.W.; Jessop, T.S.; Wroe, S.; Richards, H.; McHenry, C.R. 2015. The relationship between cranial structure, biomechanical performance and ecological diversity in varanoid lizards. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0130625.

McIlroy, J.C.; King, D.R.; Oliver, A.J. 1985. The sensitivity of Australian animals to 1080 poison. 8. Amphibians and reptiles. Australian Wildlife Research 12(1): 113-118.

Medway, Lord; Majid, S. 1977. Niah Cave reptile bone: a correction. Sarawak Museum Journal 46: 19-20.

Meissner, M. 1991. Varanus exanthematicus und seine Verwandten. Eine Betrachtung über die Warane. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 44(9): 568, 570.

Mendyk, R.W. 2012. Reaching out for enrichment in arboreal monitor lizards. Animal Keepers' Forum 39(1): 33-36.

Mendyk, R.W. 2012. Reproduction of varanid lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) at the Bronx Zoo. Zoo Biology 31(2): 374-389.

Mendyk, R.W. 2012. Varanid mortality at the Bronx Zoo and its implications for captive husbandry and reproductive management in Zoos. Biawak 6(2): 95.

Mendyk, R.W. 2013. 19th century accounts on the natural history of monitor lizards from the Malay Peninsula, Philippines, and Indonesia. Biawak 7(1): 31.

Mendyk, R.W. 2016. An annotated bibliography of captive reproduction in Monitor Lizards (Varanidae: Varanus). Part I. Odatria. Biawak 10(2): 54-71.

Mendyk, R.W. 2017. An annotated bibliography of captive reproduction in monitor lizards (Varanidae: Varanus). Part II. Empagusia and Philippinosaurus. Biawak 11(1): 40-49.

Mendyk, R.W. 2018. An annotated bibliography of captive reproduction in Monitor Lizards (Varanidae: Varanus). Part III. Soterosaurus. Biawak 12(1): 54-61.

Mendyk, R.W.; Baumer, M.; Augustine, L.; Herrelko, E.S. 2016. A comparative assessment of varanid lizard thermal husbandry in zoos and private collections: Disparate ideologies or a paradigm disconnect? Pp. 175-197. In: Cota, M. (ed.). Proceedings of the 2015 Interdisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand. 247 pp.

Mendyk, R.W.; Newton, A.L.; Baumer, M. 2013. A retrospective study of mortality in varanid lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) at the Bronx Zoo: implications for husbandry and reproductive management in zoos. Zoo Biology 32(2): 152-162.

Mertens, R. 1937. Zwei Bemerkungen über Warane (Varanidae). Senckenbergiana 19: 177-181.

Mertens, R. 1942. Die Familie der Warane (Varanidae). 1. Allgemeines. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 462: 1-116.

Mertens, R. 1942. Die Familie der Warane (Varanidae). 2. Der Schädel. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 465: 117-234.

Mertens, R. 1942. Die Familie der Warane (Varanidae). 3. Taxonomie. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 466: 235-391.

Mertens, R. 1942. Eine weiterer neuer Waran aus Australien. Natur und Volk 72: 156-163.

Mertens, R. 1958. Bemerkungen über die Warane Australiens. Senckenbergiana Biologica 39(5/6): 229-268.

Mertens, R. 1959. Liste der Warane Asiens und der Indo-australischen Inselwelt mit systematischen Bemerkungen. Senckenbergiana Biologica 40(5/6): 221-240.

Mertens, R. 1962. Papuasaurus, eine neuer Untergattung von Varanus. Senckenbergiana Biologica 43: 331-333.

Mertens, R. 1963. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien. Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Lanthanotidae. Das Tierreich 79: 1-26.

Mitsch, H. 1936. Warane. Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde (Braunschweig) 33: 595-597.

Molnar, R.E. 2004. The long and honorable history of monitors and their kin. pp. 10-67. In: Pianka, E.R.; King, D.R.; King, R.A. (eds.). Varanoid lizards of the world. Indiana University Press, Bloomington. 588 pp.

Molnar, R.E.; Pianka, E.R. 2004. Biogeography and phylogeny of varanoids. pp. 68-76. In: Pianka, E.R.; King, D.R.; King, R.A. (eds.). Varanoid lizards of the world. Indiana University Press, Bloomington. 588 pp.

Munsch, W. 1987. Warane in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) erlebt. Aquarium (Bornheim) 214: 206-210.

Murphy, J.B. 1972. Notes on Indo-Australian varanids in captivity. International Zoo Yearbook 12: 199-202.

Murphy, J.B. 1972. Notes on some Indo-Australian varanids in captivity. International Zoo Yearbook (London) 12: 199-202.

Murthy, T.S.N. 1978. Monitors - the giant Indian lizards. Sci. Reporter 15(6): 419-420.

Natarajan, V.; Balasubramanian, P. 1988. Additional notes on the prey items of green whip snake from Point Calimere Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 85(2): 438-439.

Parry, N.E. 1932. Some notes on the water monitors in the Garo Hills, Assam. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 35: 901-905.

Pepin, D.J. 1999. The origin of monitor lizards based on a review of the fossil evidence. Mertensiella 11: 11-42.

Pernetta, A.P. 2009. Monitoring the trade: using the CITES database to examine the global trade in live monitor lizards (Varanus spp.). Biawak 3(2): 37-45.

Peters, W.C.H. 1870. Über die afrikanischen Warneidechsen, Monitores, und ihre geographische Verbreitung, von welcher im Folgenden ein Auszug mitgetheilt wird. Monatsberichte der Königlich Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1870(February): 106-110.

Philipp, K.M.; Philipp, D.P. 2007. The monitor lizards of Papua. pp. 617-636. In: Marshall, A.J. & Beehler, B.M. (eds.). The ecology of Papua. Part 1. Periplus Editions, Singapore. pp. 1-749.

Pianka, E.R. 1994. Comparative ecology of Varanus in the Great Victoria Desert. Australian Journal of Ecology 19(4): 395-408.

Pianka, E.R. 1995. Evolution of body size: varanid lizards as a model system. American Naturalist 146(3): 398-414.

Pianka, E.R. 2003. Australian desert varanids. Reptilia (GB) 30: 20-26.

Pianka, E.R. 2003. Die Warane der australischen Wüste. Reptilia (D) 8(43): 29-35.

Pianka, E.R. 2004. Evolution of body size and reproductive tactics. pp. 549-555. In: Pianka, E.R.; King, D.R.; King, R.A. (eds.). Varanoid lizards of the world. Indiana University Press, Bloomington. 588 pp.

Pianka, E.R.; King, D.R.; King, R.A. (eds.). 2004. Varanoid lizards of the world. Indiana University Press, Bloomington. 588 pp.

Pianka, E.R.; Sweet, S.S. 2016. Field observations by two American varanophiles. Pp. 1-68. In: Cota, M. (ed.). Proceedings of the 2015 Interdisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand. 247 pp.

Pregill, G.K.; Gauthier, J.A.; Greene, H.W. 1986. The evolution of helodermatid squamates, with the description of a new taxon and an overview of Varanoidea. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 21(11): 167-202.

Preuschoft, H.; Witzel, U.; Hohn, B.; Schulte, D.; Distler, C. 2007. Biomechanics of locomotion and body structure in varanids with special emphasis on the forelimbs. Mertensiella 16: 59-78.

Reid, D. 1985. Dragons great and small. Practical Fishkeeping 1985: 24-25.

Rese, R. 1988. Beitrag zur Lebenserwartung von Grosswaranen in Gefangenschaft. Sauria (Berlin) 10(1): 25-26.

Rieppel, O. 1979. A functional interpretation of the varanid dentition (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Varanidae). Gegenbaurs Morphologisches Jahrbuch 125(6): 797-817.

Rieppel, O. 1980. The phylogeny of anguinomorph lizards. Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 94: 1-86.

Rodriguez de la Fuente, F. 1971. Life in the rivers and forests. Orbis Publishing, London. 300 pp.

Rogner, M. 1994. Echsen 2. Haltung, Pflege und Zucht im Terrarium. Warane, Skinke und andere Echsen sowie Brückenechsen und Krokodile. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart. 270 pp.

Rogner, M. 1997. Lizards. Vol. 2. Monitors, skinks and other lizards including tuataras and crocodilians. Krieger, Malabar, Florida. 317 pp. (Translation of German 1994 original).

Roth, H.H.; Junor, F. 1966. Python schlägt Waran. Zoologischer Garten (Leipzig) 33: 147-148.

Rotter, J. 1963. Die Warane. (Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 325). Ziemsen, Wittenberg Lutherstadt. 75 pp.

Sande, A.P. van den 1974. Quelques présentations: soa soa, agame aquatique indochinois, basilic à bondes. Zoo Anvers 39(4): 140-142.

Schauenberg, P. 1984. Les varans. Musees de Geneve 241: 8-13.

Schlüter, U. 2010. Ernährung nord- und westafrikanischer Warane in der Natur und bei Terrarienhaltung. Reptilia (D) 15(86): 36-42, 44-45.

Schmida, G. 2005. Die australischen Warane. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 58(2): 6-11.

Schmida, G. 2017. Australian Monitors – A Guide to the amazing monitor lizards of Australia. Lower Beechmont. 220 pp.

Schmida, G.E. 1975. Däumlinge aus der Familie der Riesen, Kurzschwanz-, Gillen- und Schwanzstrichwaran. Aquarien Magazin 9(1): 8-11.

Schneider, H. 1990. Das Naturerlebnis 'Warane'. Aquaria (St Gallen) 35(7): 247-255.

Schneider, H. 1991. Begegnungen mit Waranen. Aquarium (Bornheim) 263: 23-26.

Schuett, G.W.; Reiserer, R.S.; Earley, R.L. 2009. The evolution of bipedal postures in varanoid lizards. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 97(3): 652-663.

Sharma, I.K. 1983. The grey partridge (Francolinus pondicerianus) in the Rajasthan desert. Annals of Arid Zone 22(2): 117-120.

Shaw, C.E. 1957. Monitors do admonish. Zoonooz 30(7): 3-5.

Shea, G.M.; Reddacliff, G.L. 1986. Ossifications in the hemipenes of varanids. Journal of Herpetology 20(4): 566-568.

Shine, R. 1986. Diets and abundances of aquatic and semi-aquatic reptiles in the Alligator Rivers region. Supervising Scientist for the Alligator Rivers Region Technical Memorandum 16: 1-52.

Singh, C.P. 1976. Vagal control of respiration in Varanus. Annals of Zoology (Agra) 12(1): 27-35.

Smith, M.A. 1932. Some notes on the monitors. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 35: 613-619.

Sprackland, R.G. 1990. A preliminary study of food discrimination in monitor lizards (Reptilia: Lacertilia: Varanidae). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 25(10): 181-183.

Sprackland, R.G. 1991. A myriad of monitors. Tropical Fish Hobbyist 39(5): 130-138.

Sprackland, R.G. 1991. The origin and zoogeography of monitor lizards of the subgenus Odatria Gray (Sauria: Varanidae): a re-evaluation. Mertensiella 2: 240-252.

Sprackland, R.G. 1994. Carnivorous lizards and their diet. Vivarium (Lakeside) 5(5): 12-14.

Sprackland, R.G. 1999. Are sympatric monitors speaking with forked tongues? Sympatry and tongue colour in sibling species of monitor lizards. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 29(2): 65-70.

Sprackland, R.G. 1999. Character displacement among sympatric varanid lizard species: a study of natural selection and systematics in action (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae). Mertensiella 11: 113-120.

Sprackland, R.G. 2001. Dwarf monitors. Reptile & Amphibian Hobbyist 6(10): 8-10, 12-16.

Sprackland, T.; Sprackland, R. 2000. A collection of translations of type descriptions of monitor lizard Varanus indicus and its allies (Reptilia: Varanidae). Lizard Biology 1(1): [www.curator.org/VMNH_Publications/MuseumJournals/Lizard_biology.htm].

Staedeli, J.H. 1962. Our very own monitors. Zoonooz 35(July): 10-15.

Stammer, D. 1970. Goannas. Wildlife in Australia 7: 118-120.

Steel, R. 1996. Living dragons: a natural history of the world's monitor lizards. Blandford, London. 160 pp.

Storr, G.M. 1980. The monitor lizards (genus Varanus Merrem, 1820) of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 8(2): 237-293.

Storr, G.M.; Smith, L.A.; Johnstone, R.E. 1983. Lizards of Western Australia. 2. Dragons and monitors. Western Australian Museum, Perth. 114 pp.

Sweet, S.S. 2016. Chasing flamingos: Toxicofera and the misinterpretation of venom in varanid lizards. Pp. 123-149. In: Cota, M. (ed.). Proceedings of the 2015 Interdisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand. 247 pp.

Sweet, S.S.; Pianka, E.R. 2007. Monitors, mammals and Wallace's line. Mertensiella 16: 79-99.

Taylor, J.M.D.; Clemente, C.J. 2016. How to build your dragon: scaling of muscle architecture from the world's smallest to the world's largest monitor lizard. Frontiers in Zoology 13: 8.

The editors of Draco. 2001. Warane. Draco 2(7): 1-80.

The editors of Draco. 2013. Zwergwarane - Odatria. Draco 14(53): 1-79.

Thompson, G. 1999. Goanna metabolism: different to other lizards, and if so, what are the ecological consequences? Mertensiella 11: 79-90.

Thompson, G.G. 2002. The feasibility of using body proportions in Western Australian varanids (Varanus) as a method for determining a specimen's sex. Records of the Western Australian Museum 20(4): 437-439.

Thompson, G.G.; Clemente, C.J.; Withers, P.C.; Fry, B.G.; Norman, J.A. 2008. Is body shape of varanid lizards linked with retreat choice? Australian Journal of Zoology 56(5): 351-362.

Thompson, G.G.; Pianka, E.R. 2001. Allometry of clutch and neonate sizes in monitor lizards (Varanidae: Varanus). Copeia 2001(2): 443-458.

Thompson, G.G.; Withers, P. 1997. Comparative morphology of Western Australian varanid lizards (Squamata: Varanidae). Journal of Morphology 233(2): 127-152.

Thompson, G.G.; Withers, P. 1997. Evaporative water loss of Australian goannas (Squamata: Varanidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 18(2): 177-190.

Thompson, G.G.; Withers, P. 1998. Metabolic rate of neonate goannas (Squamata: Varanidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Molecular & Integrative Physiology 120(4): 625-631.

Ujvári, B.; Mun, H.C.; Conigrave, A.D.; Bray, A.; Osterkamp, J.; Halling, P.; Madsen, T. 2013. Isolation breeds naivety: island living robs Australian varanid lizards of toad-toxin immunity via four-base-pair mutation. Evolution 67(1): 289-294.

Vernet, R. 1984. Especes menacees et exploitees dans le monde. Guide pratique pour leur connaissance et leur identification. 29. Les varans. Inventaires de Faune et de Flore 24: 1-28.

Vickers, D.; Hunter, J.T.; Hawes, W. 2014. Multiple species use of a water-filled tree hollow by vertebrates in dry woodland habitat of northern New South Wales. Australian Zoologist 37(2): 134-138.

Vidal, N.; Marin, J.; Sassi, J.; Battistuzzi, F.U.; Donnellan, S.; Fitch, A.J.; Fry, B.G.; Vonk, F.J.; Rodríguez-de la Vega, R.C.; Couloux, A.; Hedges, S.B. 2012. Molecular evidence for an Asian origin of monitor lizards followed by Tertiary dispersals to Africa and Australasia. Biology Letters 8(5): 853-855.

Villamor, C.I. 1991. Prospects for Varanus farming in the Philippines. Canopy International 16(1): 4, 8.

Vincent, M.; Wilson, S. 1999. Australian goannas. New Holland, Sydney. 152 pp.

Vorstman, A.G. 1928. Varanen en pythons. De Tropische Natuur 17: 30-31.

Vyas, T.P. 1993. Indian wild life in trade. Cobra (Madras) 11: 11-12.

Weichmann, R. 2011. Eigene Beobachtungen zur Parthenogenese bei Waranen. Elaphe 19(1): 55-61.

Welton, L.J.; Siler, C.D.; Linkem, C.W.; Diesmos, A.C.; Diesmos, M.L.; Sy, E.; Brown, R.M. 2013. Dragons in our midst: phyloforensics of illegally traded Southeast Asian monitor lizards. Biological Conservation 159: 7-15.

Welton, L.J.; Siler, C.D.; Oaks, J.R.; Diesmos, A.C.; Brown, R.M. 2013. Multilocus phylogeny and Bayesian estimates of species boundaries reveal hidden evolutionary relationships and cryptic diversity in Southeast Asian monitor lizards. Molecular Ecology 22(13): 3495-3510.

Welton, L.J.; Wood, P.L.; Oaks, J.R.; Siler, C.D.; Brown, R.M. 2014. Fossil-calibrated phylogeny and historical biogeography of Southeast Asian water monitors (Varanus salvator complex). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 74: 29-37.

Werner, F. 1904. Die Warane. Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde 15: 84-87, 99-101.

Wilms, T.; Böhme, W. 2001. Zur Taxonomie und Biologie der Warane (Sauria: Varanidae). Draco 2(3) (7): 4-19

Wright, K.M. 1993. Suggested quarantine procedures for monitors and tegus. Vivarium (Lakeside) 5(3): 22-23.

Yang, D.; Liu, W. 1994. Relationships among species groups of Varanus from southern southeastern Asia with description of a new species from Vietnam. Zoological Research 15(1): 11-15.

Yasuda, M.; Miura, S.; Ishii, N.; Okuda, T.; Hussein, N.A. 2005. Fallen fruits and terrestrial vertebrate frugivores: a case study in a lowland tropical rainforest in Peninsular Malaysia. pp. 151-174. In: Forget, P.M.; Lambert, J.E.; Hulme, P.E.; Vander Wall, S.B. (eds.). Seed fate: predation, dispersal, and seedling establishment. CABI Publishing, Wallingford & Cambridge. 410 pp.

Young, B.A. 1997. On the absence of taste buds in monitor lizards (Varanus) and snakes. Journal of Herpetology 31(1): 130-137.

Young, B.A.; Abishahin, G.; Bruther, M.; Kinney, C.; Sgroi, J. 1998. Acoustic analysis of the defensive sounds of Varanus salvator with notes on sound production in other varanid species. Hamadryad 23: 1-14.

Ziegler, S.; Giesen, K.; Schingen, M. van; Rauhaus, A.; Ziegler, T. 2018. Testing the applicability of 15N isotopic marker in skin tissue to distinguish between captive and wild monitor lizards. Biawak 12(2): 73–83.

Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 1997. Genitalstrukturen und Paarungsbiologie bei squamaten Reptilien, speziell den Platynota mit Bemerkungen zur Systematik. Mertensiella 8: 1-207.

Ziegler, T.; Rauhaus, A.; Gill, I. 2016. A preliminary review of monitor lizards in zoological gardens. Biawak 10(1): 26-35.

Ziegler, T.; Schmitz, A.; Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2007. A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups. Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.

Zimmermann, H. 1992. DGHT-Arbeitsgruppe Warane und Krustenechsen. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 14(78): 21.

Zwinenberg, A.J. 1972. The Australian monitors. Herp 9(1-2): 6-10.

Varanus acanthurus

Anonymous. 1994. Monitoring monitors. Tropical Fish Hobbyist 42(12): 130.

Adragna, J.; Madden, G.M. 2009. Mending a ruptured Varanus acanthurus brachyurus egg. Biawak 3(4): 144-145.

Arth, S. 2007. Keeping and breeding the spiny-tailed monitor: Varanus acanthurus. Reptilia (GB) 50: 28-36.

Brown, D. 2008. A case of hermaphroditism in the ridge tailed monitor (Varanus acanthurus). Biawak 2(2): 87-88.

Browne-Cooper, R. 1998. Predation on a ridge-tailed monitor (Varanus acanthurus) by a pygmy python (Antaresia perthensis). Herpetofauna (Sydney) 28(2): 49.

Burokas, J. 2008. Varanus acanthurus acanthurus (ridge-tailed monitor). Reproduction. Biawak 2(1): 40-41.

Case, T.J.; Schwaner, T.D. 1993. Island/mainland body size differences in Australian varanid lizards. Oecologia (Heidelberg) 94(1): 102-109.

Dathe, F. 2012. [Care and breeding of the spiny-tailed monitor Varanus acanthurus Boulenger, 1885 in Berlin Zoo]. (In German). Milu 13(5): 696-702.

Doody, J.S.; Clulow, S.; McHenry, C.; Brown, M.; Vas, G.; Canning, G. 2017. Natural history notes: Varanus acanthurus (Spiny-tailed Monitor Lizard). Communal nesting, reproduction, and commensalism. Herpetological Review 48(1): 203.

Eidenmüller, B. 1994. Bemerkungen zur Haltung und Zucht von Varanus acanthurus Boulenger, 1885, V. storri Mertens, 1966 und V. gilleni Lucas & Frost, 1895. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 16(88): 6-12.

Evers, M. 2011. Varanus acanthurus - eine empfehlenswerte Art für den Einstieg in die Waran-Terraristik. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 64(6): 58-65.

Husband, G.A. 1979. Notes on a nest and hatchlings of Varanus acanthurus. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 11(1): 29-30.

Jauch, D. 1984. Vermutlich eine Weltpremiere: die Nachzucht des Stachelschwanzwarans. Aquarien Magazin 18(5): 236-237.

Jones, A. 1998. Nocturnal activity in captive varanid lizards. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 28(2): 50-51.

Julander, J. 2010. Observation of a wild pair of Spiny-tailed Monitors (Varanus acanthurus) engaged in breeding activity. Biawak 4(4): 125-127.

King, D. 2008. The diet and foraging strategy of Varanus acanthurus. Biawak 2(1): 11-17.

King, D.; Rhodes, L. 1982. Sex ratio and breeding season of Varanus acanthurus. Copeia 1982(4): 784-787.

King, M.; Horner, P. 1987. A new species of monitor (Platynota: Reptilia) from northern Australia and a note on the status of Varanus acanthurus insulanicus Mertens. Beagle 4(1): 73-79.

Krebs, U. 1999. Experimental variation of breeding season and incubation time in the spiny-tailed monitor (Varanus acanthurus). Mertensiella 11: 227-237.

Lipfert, J.; Dickhoff, A. 2004. Der Stachelschwanzwaran - Varanus acanthurus. Natur und Tier-Verlag, Münster. 62 pp.

MacDonald, S. 2007. Observations on the stomach contents of a road-killed perentie, Varanus giganteus in western Queensland. Biawak 1(1): 21-23.

Ramm, T. 2013. 'Red Ackies' – die Haltung und Nachzucht des Roten Stachelschwanzwarans, Varanus acanthurus. Draco 14(53): 63-68.

Schifter, H. 1967. Langjährige Haltung eines Stachelwarans, Varanus acanthurus brachyurus. Zoologische Garten N.F. (Leipzig) 33(5): 262-264.

Schmida, G.E. 1976. Varanus acanthurus brachyurus. Aquarium Aqua Terra 10(4): 138-139.

Shea, G.; Cogger, H. 2018. Varanus acanthurus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83777229A101752285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83777229A101752285.en.

Sternfeld, R. 1919. Neue Schlangen und Echsen aus Zentralaustralien. Frank-furt. a. M. Mitt. Sanckenb, Ges. 1: 76-83.

Thissen, R. 1992. Breeding the spiny-tail monitor (Varanus acanthurus Boulenger). Vivarium (Lakeside) 3(5): 32-34.

Thompson, G.G.; Withers, P. 1994. Standard metabolic rates of two small Australian varanid lizards (Varanus caudolineatus and V. acanthurus). Herpetologica 50(4): 494-502.

Varanus albigularis

Anonymous. 1996. Varanus (Polydaedalus) albigularis albigularis (Daudin). Sauria (Berlin) 18(1): 2.

Alberts, A. 1994. Off to see the lizard: lessons from the wild. Vivarium (Lakeside) 5(5): 26-29.

Balsai, M. 1997. Controversies about rodent diets for savannah monitors. Vivarium (Lakeside) 8(5): 18-19.

Barts, M. 1996. Varanus albigularis albigularis (Daudin, 1802) - eine verhaltensbiologische Beobachtung. Sauria (Berlin) 18(2): 17-19.

Bates, M.F. 1990. Varanus albigularis. Rock monitor. Hibernation. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 37: 50.

Bayless, M.K. 1997. The distribution of African monitor lizards (Sauria: Varanidae). African Journal of Ecology 35(4): 374-377.

Bayless, M.K. 2008. Local names of Pan-African monitor lizards (Varanidae: Varanus: Polydaedalus). Biawak 2(2): 61-71.

Bayless, M.K.; Switak, K.H.; Patterson, R.W. 2002. First verified observation of the rock leguaan (Varanus albigularis Daudin, 1802) in Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Republic of South Africa; with notes on the fLora and fauna. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 37(4): 65-66.

Bourgeois, M. 1964. Les reptiles de la Kasapa (Elisábethville). Publ. Univ. Elisábethville 7: 65-89.

Branch, W.R. 1988. Varanus exanthematicus albigularis: rock leguaan: egg size. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 35: 39.

Branch, W.R. 1991. The Regenia registers of 'Gogga' Brown (1869-1909) 'Memoranda on a species of monitor or varan'. Early observations on the rock monitor Varanus albigularis, supplemented with additional notes on the biology of southern African monitors. Mertensiella 2: 57-110.

Branch, W.R. 2006. Varanus albigularis (Daudin, 1802). Rock Monitor. Diet. African Herp News 40: 19-20.

Branch, W.R.; Haagner, G.V. 1992. New reptile records from three southern national parks. Koedoe 35(2): 59-60.

Branch, W.R.; Rödel, M.O.; Marais, J.; Coetzee, J. 2015. Varanus albigularis Daudin, 1802. Rock Monitor. Diet. African Herp News 62: 26-27.

Brown, A. 2013. The monitor albigularis: a monograph. Biawak 7(2): 71-79.

Conradie, W. 2012. Natural history notes: Varanus albigularis Daudin, 1802. Rock Monitor. Diet. African Herp News 58: 15-16.

Cunningham, P.L.; Cunningham, J. 2010. Natural history notes: Varanus albigularis Daudin, 1802. Rock Monitor. Diet. African Herp News 51: 18-19.

Cunningham, P.L.; Strauss, N. 2005. Electrocution of reptiles. Herpetozoa 18(3-4): 190.

Dalhuijseni, K.; Branch, W.R.; Alexander, G.J. 2014. A comparative analysis of the diets of Varanus albigularis and Varanus niloticus in South Africa. African Zoology 49(1): 83-93.

Els, J. 2005. Varanus albigularis albigularis (Daudin, 1802). Rock Monitor. African Herp News 38: 32.

Firth, I.; Turner, M.; Robinson, M.; Meek, R. 2003. Response of monitor lizards (Varanus spp.) to a repeated food source evidence for association learning? Herpetological Bulletin 84: 1-4.

Heck, L. 1955. Der Kapwaran (Varanus albigularis Daud.). DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 8: 190-191.

Hoesch, W. 1961. Südwestafrikanische Echsen in Freiheit und in Gefangenschaft. 2. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 14: 307-309.

Jauch, H. 2002. Breeding of White-throated Monitors (Varanus albigularis) under semi-natural conditions. African Herp News 34: 8-14.

Jauch, H. 2002. Varanus albigularis. South Africa's majestic white-throated monitor. Reptilia (GB) 22: 43-48.

Kaufman, J.D.; Burghardt, G.M.; Phillips, J.A. 1994. Density-dependent foraging strategy of a large carnivorous lizard, the savanna monitor (Varanus albigularis). Journal of Comparative Psychology 108(4): 381-384.

Kaufman, J.D.; Burghardt, G.M.; Phillips, J.A. 1996. Sensory cues and foraging decisions in a large carnivorous lizard, Varanus albigularis. Animal Behaviour 52(4): 727-736.

Kiraly, J. 2014. Notes on breeding Varanus albigularis microstictus in captivity. Biawak 8(2): 72-78.

Kratzer, H. 1973. Der Kapwaran Varanus exanthematicus. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 10(1): 12.

Laurent, R.F. 1964. A new subspecies of Varanus exanthematicus (Sauria, Varanidae). Breviora 199: 1-9.

Lemm, J.M. 2001. Der Kapwaran (Varanus albigularis): Lebensweise, Pflege und Vermehrung im Zoo von San Diego. Draco 2(3) (7): 67-74.

Manrod, J.D.; Hartdegen, R.; Burghardt, G.M. 2008. Rapid solving of a problem apparatus by juvenile black-throated monitor lizards (Varanus albigularis albigularis). Animal Cognition 11(2): 267-273.

Mashinini, L. 2007. Varanus albigularis (Daudin, 1802). Rock Monitor. Hibernation. African Herp News 42: 17.

Morris, P.J.; Alberts, A.C. 1996. Determination of sex in white-throated monitors (Varanus albigularis), gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum), and beaded lizards (H. horridum) using two-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 27(3): 371-377.

Oelofsen, B.W.; Heever, J.A. van den 1979. Role of the tongue during olfaction in varanids and snakes. South African Journal of Science 75(8): 365-366.

Parkyn, F. 1987. When best intentions are not enough. Thames and Chiltern Herpetological Group Newsletter 75: 10-11.

Phillips, J.A. 1995. Movement patterns and density of Varanus albigularis. Journal of Herpetology 29(3): 407-416.

Phillips, J.A.; Alberts, A.C. 1992. Naive ophiophagus [sic] lizards recognize and avoid venomous snakes using chemical cues. Journal of Chemical Ecology 18(10): 1775-1783.

Phillips, J.A.; Millar, R.P. 1998. Reproductive biology of the white-throated savanna monitor, Varanus albigularis. Journal of Herpetology 32(3): 366-377.

Phillips, J.A.; Packard, G.C. 1994. Influence of temperature and moisture on eggs and embryos of the white-throated savanna monitor Varanus albigularis: implications for conservation. Biological Conservation 69(2): 131-136.

Poder, J.M. le 2007. Notes on breeding Varanus albigularis in captivity. Biawak 1(2): 73-76.

Riley, A.; Branch, W.R. 1999. Geographical distribution: Geographical distribution: Varanus albigularis albigularis (Daudin, 1802). Rock monitor. South Africa: Eastern Cape Province. African Herp News 28: 33-34.

Rose, W. 1961. Some notes on lizards. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Rhodesia 15(1): 14.

Secor, S.M.; Phillips, J.A. 1997. Specific dynamic action of a large carnivorous lizard, Varanus albigularis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Physiology 117(4): 515-522.

Shaw, C.E. 1963. Notes on the eggs, incubation and young of some African reptiles. British Journal of Herpetology 3: 63-71.

Sprackland, R.G. 2001. Savannah and Grassland Monitors. BowTie Inc., New York. 70 pp.

Switak, K.H. 1997. Varanid I have known: Africa's Savannah and White-throated Monitors. Monitor (Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society) 9(1): 45-49.

Switak, K.H. 2002. Field notes for Varanus albigularis in Southern Africa. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 37(6): 98-99.

Switak, K.H. 2007. Three noteworthy sightings of the white-throated monitor, Varanus albigularis, in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (South Africa's section). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 42(5): 73-74.

Visser, G. 1992. Monitors and the Rotterdam Zoo. Vivarium (Lakeside) 4(3): 19-22.

Visser, G.J. 1981. Breeding the white-throated monitor Varanus exanthematicus albigularis at Rotterdam Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 21: 87-91.

Wanda, A.; Esterhuizen, J.; Cunningham, P.L.; Haacke, W.D. 2003. Varanus albigularis. Rock or White-throated Monitor. African Herp News 36: 16-19.

Wesiak, K.; Riedel, U. 2009. Die F2-Nachzucht des Weisskehlwarans, Varanus (Polydaedalus) albigularis (Daudin, 1802), nach vorausgegangener Legenotoperation. Elaphe 17(3): 44-54.

Williams, R.; Bayless, M. 1998. Tick removal behavior by a white-throat monitor lizard (Varanus albigularis) (Sauria: Varanidae). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 33(5): 101-102.

Woodward, A.S. 1927. On Varanus komodoensis, V.salvator, V.albigularis and V.rudicollis. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1927: 256.

Zwinenberg, A.J. 1972. Der Kapwaran Varanus exanthematicus albigularis (Daudin, 1802). Aqua Terra 9(10): 98-102.

Varanus auffenbergi

Canto, R. del 2007. Notes on the occurrence of Varanus auffenbergi on Roti Island. Biawak 1(1): 24-25.

Hoerenberg, T. 2013. Der Timorwaran der Insel Roti: Varanus auffenbergi. Draco 14(53): 51-54.

Kirschner, A. 1999. Bemerkungen zur Pflege und Zucht vom Timorwaran der Insel Roti, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 21(123): 13-18.

Sprackland, R.G. 1999. New species of monitor (Squamata: Varanidae) from Indonesia. Reptile Hobbyist 1999(February): 20-27.

Wesiak, K. 2008. Unterbringung, Pflege und Nachzucht von Varanus (Odatria) auffenbergi Sprackland, 1999. Elaphe 16(1): 37-47.

Varanus bangonorum

Welton, L.J.; Travers, S.L.; Siler, C.D.; Brown, R.M. 2014. Integrative taxonomy and phylogeny-based species delimitation of Philippine water monitor lizards (Varanus salvator complex) with descriptions of two new cryptic species. Zootaxa 3881(3): 201-227.

Varanus beccarii

Böhme, W.; Koch, A. 2010. On the type selection and re-typification of two monitor lizard taxa (Squamata: Varanidae): Monitor bivittatus celebensis Schlegel, 1844 and Monitor kordensis Meyer, 1874; with some comments and corrections on other name-bearing type specimens. Zootaxa 2440: 60-68.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. Varanus melinus sp. n., ein neuer Waran aus der V. indicus-Gruppe von den Molukken, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(111): 26-34.

Eidenmüller, B. 1998. Bemerkungen zur Haltung und Nachzucht von Varanus p. prasinus (Schlegel, 1939) und Varanus p. beccarii (Doria, 1874). Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 20(112): 8-13.

Eidenmüller, B.; Koch, A.; Köhler, J.; Wicker, R. 2017. New findings on the relationships among New Guinea tree monitor lizards of the Varanus prasinus (SCHLEGEL, 1839) complex (Squamata: Sauria: Varanidae). Herpetozoa 30(1-2): 9-20.

Eidenmüller, B.; Wicker, R. 1993. Varanus (Odatria) prasinus beccarii (Doria, 1874), Pflege und Zucht. Salamandra 28(3-4): 171-178.

Fischer, D. 2012. Notes on the husbandry and breeding of the Black Tree Monitor Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) beccarii (Doria, 1874). Biawak 6(2): 79-87.

Garrett, C.M.; Peterson, M.C. 1991. Life history notes: Varanus prasinus beccarii (NCN). Behavior. Herpetological Review 22(3): 99-100.

Hartdegen, R.; Chiszar, D.; Murphy, J.B. 1999. Observations on the feeding behavior of captive black tree monitors, Varanus beccari. Amphibia-Reptilia 20(3): 330-332.

Hartdegen, R.W.; Roberts, D.T.; Chiszar, D. 2000. Laceration of prey integument by Varanus prasinus (Schlegel, 1839) and V. beccarii (Doria, 1874). Hamadryad 25(2): 196-198.

Mendyk, R.W. 2015. Life expectancy and longevity of varanid lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) in North American zoos. Zoo Biology 34(2): 139-152.

Mendyk, R.W.; Horn, H.G. 2011. Skilled forelimb movements and extractive foraging in the arboreal monitor lizard Varanus beccarii (Doria, 1874). Herpetological Review 42(3): 343-349.

Shea, G.; Allison, A.; Tallowin, O. 2016. Varanus beccarii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T42485677A42485686. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42485677A42485686.en.

Sprackland, R.G. 1991. Taxonomic review of the Varanus prasinus group with descriptions of two new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30(3): 561-576.

Ziegler, T.; Schmitz, A.; Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2007. A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups. Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.

Varanus bengalensis

Anonymous. 1982. Reptiles in education - the school monitor. Rephiberary 63: 4.

Ahsan, M.F.; Saeed, M.A. 2004. Some aspects of breeding biology of the Bengal lizard (Varanus bengalensis) in Bangladesh. Asiatic Herpetological Research 10: 236-240.

Ali, S. 1944. The courtship of the monitor lizard (Varanus monitor). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 44(3): 479-480.

Auffenberg, W. 1979. Intersexual differences in behavior of captive Varanus bengalensis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Varanidae). Journal of Herpetology 13(3): 313-315.

Auffenberg, W. 1981. Combat behaviour in Varanus bengalensis (Sauria: Varanidae). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 78(1): 54-72.

Auffenberg, W. 1982. The burrows of Varanus bengalensis: character and use. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 80(3-4): 375-385.

Auffenberg, W. 1983. Courtship behavior in Varanus bengalensis (Sauria: Varanidae). pp. 535-551. In: Rhodin, A.G.J. & Miyata, K. (eds.). Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology. Essays in honor of Ernest E. Williams. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 725 pp.

Auffenberg, W. 1984. Notes on feeding behaviour of Varanus bengalensis (Sauria: Varanidae). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 80(2): 286-302.

Auffenberg, W. 1989. Utilization of monitor lizards in Pakistan. Traffic Bulletin 11(1): 8-12.

Auffenberg, W. 1994. The Bengal monitor. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Tallahassee etc. 560 pp.

Auffenberg, W.; Arain, Q.N.; Khurshid, N. 1991. Preferred habitat, home range and movement patterns of Varanus bengalensis in southern Pakistan. Mertensiella 2: 7-28.

Auffenberg, W.; Ipe, I.M. 1983. The food and feeding of juvenile Bengal monitor lizards (Varanus bengalensis). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 80(1): 119-124.

Bhardwaj, D. 2007. Rough-scaled sand boa (Eryx conicus) predation on a Bengal monitor (Varanus bengalensis). Biawak 1(1): 34.

Biswas, S.; Kar, S. 1982. Two new records of the species belonging to the genus Varanus Merrem, 1820 (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae) from Orissa. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 79(3-4): 515-520.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. On the synonymy and taxonomy of the Bengal monitor lizard, Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802) complex (Sauria: Varanidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 18(2): 207-211.

Chandraratne, R.M.M. 1998. Some reptile bones from the Gedige Excavation in 1985, the Citadel of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus 3(2): 7-15.

Chowfin, S.M.; Leslie, A.J. 2013. A preliminary investigation into nesting and nest predation of the critically endangered, Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) at Boksar in Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand, India. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 5(2): 54-57.

Clement, H. 1962. Catatonia in captive Varanus bengalensis. Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 104(63): 35.

Das, S.K. 2004. A juvenile common Indian monitor lizard (Varanus bengalensis Daudin) searching the nest of a house sparrow (Passer domesticus Linnaeus). Cobra (Chennai) 58: 9-10.

Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1958. Reproduction in the monitor lizard Varanus bengalensis (Daudin). Spolia Zeylanica 28(2): 161-166

Deraniyagala, R.Y. 1958. Pseudo-combat of the monitor lizard Varanus bengalensis (Daudin). Spolia Zeylanica 28(2): 159.

Dryden, G.L.; Wikramanayake, E.D. 1991. Space and time sharing by Varanus salvator and Varanus bengalensis in Sri Lanka. Mertensiella 2: 111-119.

Dutt, K. 1968. A karyotype study of Varanus monitor. Caryologia 21: 1-10

Erickson, G.M. 2003. Using external vertebral growth rings to assess longevity in the Bengal monitor (Varanus bengalensis). Copeia 2003(4): 872-878.

Ficetola, G.F.; Crottini, A.; Casiraghi, M.; Padoa-Schioppa, E. 2010. New data on amphibians and reptiles of the northern Areas of Pakistan: distribution, genetic variability and conservation issues. North-Western Journal of Zoology 6(1): 1-12.

Gaulke, M.; Silva, A. de 1997. Monitor lizards of Sri Lanka: preliminary investigations on their population structure. Lyriocephalus 3(1): 1-5.

Gaulke, M.; Silva, A. de 1997. Waranbeobachtungen auf Sri Lanka. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(107): 21-27.

Ghimire, H.R.; Phuyal, S. 2013. Impacts of community forestry on the Bengal Monitor, Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802): an empirical study from Nepal. Biawak 7(1): 11-17.

Gupta, B.K. 1996. Trade of Bengal monitor Varanus bengalensis in Uttar Pradesh, India. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 23(1): 1-3.

Gupta, B.K.; Sinha, A.K.; Prakash, S. 1997. The captive maintenance of the Indian monitor (Varanus bengalensis) Daudin in India. Animal Keepers' Forum 24(7): 309-313.

Gupta, D.P.; Sinha, A.K. 2001. Notes on the burrows of Varanus bengalensis in and around Agra. Zoos' Print Journal 16(12): 651-654.

Gupta, D.P.; Sinha, A.K. 2002. Hunting methods adopted to capture Varanus bengalensis in Agra region. Reptile Rap (Newletter of the Reptile Network of South Asia) 4: 3.

Harit, D.N. 1996. Report on lacertilian fauna of Kolasib of Mizoram, India. Himalayan Journal of Environment and Zoology 10(2): 93-94.

Henry, G.M. 1912. Notes on the food of the jackal (Canis aureus) and the talagoya (Varanus bengalensis). Spolia Zeylanica 8(29): 70.

Hossain, L.; Sarker, S.U. 1996. Ecology of the grey land monitor, Varanus bengalensis L. of the Hatiya Island, Noakhali, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 24(1): 21-24.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1959. Opinion 540. Protection under the Plenary Powers of the specific names "bengalensis" Daudin, [1802], as published in the combination "Tupinambis bengalensis," and "salvator" Laurenti, 1768, as published in the combination "Stellio salvator" (Class Reptilia). Opinions of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 20(7): 77-86.

Jablonski, D.; Lesko, A.J. 2018. New locality record of the Bengal monitor, Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802), from Afghanistan. Herpetology Notes 11: 915-917.

Jacob, D.; Ramaswami, L.S. 1976. The female reproductive cycle of the Indian monitor lizard Varanus monitor. Copeia 1976(2): 256-260.

Jolley, E.; Meek, R. 2006. Varanus bengalensis (Bengal monitor): unusual behaviour and feeding. Herpetological Bulletin 95: 31-32.

Joshi, R. 2018. Varanus bengalensis predation by Ophiophagus hannah in Rajaji Tiger Reserve, India. Biawak 12(1): 34-36.

Karunarathna, S.; Surasinghe, T.; Dissanayake, D.; Botejue, M.; Gabadage, D.; Madawala, M. 2017. Dietary habits and the predators of the Bengal Monitor Varanus bengalensis in Sri Lanka. Biawak 11(1): 28-39.

Klag, K.; Kantz, H. 1987. Bemerkungen zur Haltung und Fortpflanzung von Varanus b. bengalensis im Terrarium. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 10(52): 21-24.

Krishnan, M. 1992. The common monitor. Cobra (Madras) 8: 3-6.

Kumar Sharma, I. 1996. Habitat preferences, niche and conservation of monitor lizards (Varanus bengalensis and Varanus grisesus [griseus]) in Thar Desert, Rajasthan. Cobra (Madras) 23: 32-34.

Kumar, S. 1992. Indian monitor (Varanus bengalensis) feeding on a black-buck (Antilope cervicapra) kill. Hamadryad 17: 48.

Liu, F. 2007. Varanus bengalensis (Bengal monitor) prey. Biawak 1(2): 83.

Loop, M.S. 1974. The effect of relative prey size on the ingestion behaviour of the Bengal monitor lizard, Varanus bengalensis (Sauria: Varanidae). Herpetologica 30(1): 123-127.

Mahendra, B.C. 1930. How the monitor lizard sits in its burrow. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 34(1): 255-256.

Manimozhi, A. 2004. Predatory behaviour of common Indian monitor lizard (Varanus bengalensis Daudin). Cobra (Chennai) 58: 5-8.

Mash, P. 1945. Indian python (Python molurus) preying on monitor lizard (Varanus monitor). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 45: 249-250.

Mertens, R. 1956. Die Gültigkeit der Namen Varanus bengalensis (Daudin 1802) und Varanus salvator (Laurentus 1768). Senckenbergiana Biologica 37: 395-398.

Misra, P.L. 1960. A note on the common monitor, Varanus monitor Linn. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 57: 669-670.

Mukherjee, A.; Pilakandy, R.; Kumara, H.N.; Manchi, S.S.; Bhupathy, S. 2017. Burrow characteristics and its importance in occupancy of burrow dwelling vertebrates in semiarid area of Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India. Journal of Arid Environments 141: 7-15

Mukhopadhyay, A. 1980. Some observations on the biology of the openbill stork, Anastomus oscitans (Boddaert), in southern Bengal. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 77(1): 133-137.

Nawaz, M.; Nawaz, Y. 2003. Monitor lizard (Varanidae: Reptilia) in Baluchistan, Pakistan. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 30(3): 28-30.

Pal, A.; Dey, S.; Roy, U.S. 2012. Seasonal diversity and abundance of herpetofauna in and around an industrial city of West Bengal, India. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation 7(4): 281-286.

Papenfuss, T.J.; Shafiei Bafti, S.; Sharifi, M.; Bennett, D.; Sweet, S.S. 2010. Varanus bengalensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T164579A5909661. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T164579A5909661.en.

Rajarathinam, R.; Kalaiarasan, V. 1995. Records of cannibalism in captive reptiles. Cobra (Madras) 22: 22-23.

Rao, M.V.S. 1982. Food and feeding behaviour of the Indian common monitor, Varanus monitor, Linn. (Abstract). Pranikee 3(3): 12-13.

Rao, M.V.S.; Kameswara Rao, K. 1983. Feeding ecology of the Indian common monitor Varanus monitor. Annual Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation and Husbandry Proceedings 6: 197-204.

Rese, R. 1988. Beitrag zur Lebenserwartung von Grosswaranen in Gefangenschaft. Sauria (Berlin) 10(1): 25-26.

Rieppel, O. 1978. The phylogeny of cranial kinesis in lower vertebrates, with special reference to the Lacertilia. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 156(3): 353-370.

Salim, A. 1944. The courtship of the monitor lizard Varanus monitor. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 44: 479-480.

Saxena, R. 1993. Conservation status of common Indian monitor (Varanus bengalensis) in north Madhya Pradesh. Cobra (Madras) 12: 3-6.

Sengupta, D.; Nigam, P. 2018. A combat bout of Indian Monitors, Varanus bengalensis (Daudin 1802) in the Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, India. IRCF (International Reptile Conservation Foundation) Journal 25(3): 210–211.

Sharma, R.C. 1982. Taxonomic and ecological studies on the reptiles of Gujarat. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 80(1-2): 85-106.

Sharma, S.K. 1998. Vegetarianism in monitor lizard Varanus bengalensis (Schneider). Cobra (Chennai) 34: 22-23.

Sharma, S.K. 2000. Aerial feeding by monitor lizard Varanus bengalensis. Cobra (Chennai) 39: 23.

Sharma, S.K.; Koli, V.K. 2014. A preliminary study on tongue colouration of some Indian reptiles. Cobra (Chennai) 8(1): 26-28.

Shrma, O.P. 2006. Sex chromosome variability in four Indian lizards. Perspectives in Cytology and Genetics 12: 155-168.

Soni, H.; Jarulla, M.S.B. 2010. Habituation and a typical feeding habit of Bengal Monitor Lizard Varanus bengalensis (Schneider) in Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat. Reptile Rap 10: 13-15.

Sparckland, R.G. 1982. Varanus 'monitor': an invalid name for Varanus bengalensis. Herpetological Review 13(4): 117.

Subramanean, J.; Vikram, R.M. 2012. Monitor lizards and geckos used in traditional medicine face extinction and need protection. Current Science (Bangalore) 102(9): 1248-1249.

Suranjan Karunarathna, D.M.S.S.; Amarasinghe, A.A.T.; Vos, A. de 2008. Preliminary notes on the monitor lizards (family: Varanidae) within the National Zoological Gardens (NZG) Dehiwala, Colombo district, Sri Lanka. Biawak 2(3): 109-118.

Swamy, A.V.V.S.; Kameswara Rao, K. 1999. Activity patterns of saurians in Eastern Ghats. Journal of Ecobiology 11(2): 83-88.

Symons, C.T. 1912. A note on the arboreal habits of the Kabaragoya (Varanus salvator) and Talagoya (Varanus bengalensis). Spolia Zeylanica 8: 65-66.

Thapar, G.S. 1921. On the venous system of the lizard Varanus bengalensis (Daud.). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1921: 487-492.

Thiele, R. 1979. Der Bengalenwaran. Aquarien Magazin 13(4): 169.

Upadhyay, V. 2006. The declining status of Bengal monitor (Varanus bengalensis, Daudin 1802) in Meemch District, Madhya Pradesh. Cobra (Chennai) 63: 20.

Varadaraju. 2013. Present status of three monitor lizards (Varanus bengalensis, V. flavescens and V. salvator) in the Sunderbans. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 113(1): 203-210.

Verma, A.K.; Sahi, D.N. 1995. On the distribution, ecology and status of the Indian monitor lizard Varanus bengalensis (Daudin) in J & K State. Cobra (Madras) 19: 6-9.

Vijaya, J. 1981. Breeding notes. Hamadryad 6(3): 10.

Weston, P. 2008. Varanus bengalensis (Bengal monitor) nesting. Biawak 2(2): 97.

Whitaker, R. 1970. Cobra and monitor together in the same burrow. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 66(3): 364.

Wikramanayake, E.D. 1995. Activity and thermal ecophysiology of two sympatric monitor lizards in Sri Lanka. Journal of South Asian Natural History 1(2): 213-224.

Wikramanayake, E.D. 1995. Monitors around us. Loris 20(5): 202-205.

Wikramanayake, E.D.; Dryden, G. 1999. Implications of heating and cooling rates in Varanus bengalensis and V. salvator. Mertensiella 11: 149-156.

Wikramanayake, E.D.; Dryden, G.L. 1993. Thermal ecology of habitat and microhabitat use by sympatric Varanus bengalensis and V. salvator in Sri Lanka. Copeia 1993(3): 709-714.

Wikramanayake, E.D.; Green, B. 1989. Thermoregulatory influences on the ecology of two sympatric varanids in Sri Lanka. Biotropica 21(1): 74-79.

Williams, J. 1935. Notes on the Indian monitor lizard (Varanus monitor) and flying lizard (Draco maculatus). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 37(3): 739-740.

Wischniewski, A.; Wischniewski, M. 1975. Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802). Aquarium Aqua Terra 9(77): 499.

Yadav, A.K.; Rana, K.S. 1988. Sexual dimorphism in the Indian monitor lizard, Varanus bengalensis (Daudin). Geobios (Jodhpur) 15(5): 210-214.

Yang, D.; Li, S. 1987. A new species of Varanus from Yunnan, with morphological comparison between it and six other species from southeast Asia. Chinese Herpetological Research 1: 60-63.

Varanus bitatawa

Abaño-Sarigumba, T.; Brown, R.M.; Welton, L.J.; Ibañez, J.C. 2018. Records of the Northern Sierra Madre Forest Monitor Varanus bitatawa from the Northern Cordillera Mountain Range of Luzon Island, Philippines. Herpetological Review 49(2): 208-209.

Law, S.J.; Kort, S.R. de; Bennett, D.; Weerd, M. van 2016. Morphology, activity area, and movement patterns of the frugivorous monitor lizard Varanus bitatawa. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 11(3): 467-475.

Law, S.J.; Kort, S.R. de; Bennett, D.; Weerd, M. van 2018. Diet and habitat requirements of the Philippine endemic frugivorous monitor lizard Varanus bitatawa. Biawak 12(1): 12-22.

Sy, E.Y. 2012. First record of Varanus bitatawa in the Philippine pet trade. Biawak 6(2): 73.

Welton, L.J.; Siler, C.D.; Bennett, D.; Diesmos, A.C.; Duya, M.R.; Dugay, R.; Rico, E.L.B.; Weerd, M. van; Brown, R.M. 2010. A spectacular new Philippine monitor lizard reveals a hidden biogeographic boundary and a novel flagship species for conservation. Biology Letters 6(5): 654-658.

Welton, L.J.; Siler, C.D.; Diesmos, A.C.; Diesmos, M.L.; Lagat, R.D.; Causaren, R.M.; Brown, R.M. 2012. Genetic identity, geographic ranges, and major distribution records for frugivorous monitor lizards of Luzon Island, Philippines. Herpetological Review 43(2): 226-230.

Varanus boehmei

Allison, A.; Shea, G.; Tallowin, O. 2016. Varanus boehmei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T178267A21646951. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T178267A21646951.en.

Eidenmüller, B.; Koch, A.; Köhler, J.; Wicker, R. 2017. New findings on the relationships among New Guinea tree monitor lizards of the Varanus prasinus (SCHLEGEL, 1839) complex (Squamata: Sauria: Varanidae). Herpetozoa 30(1-2): 9-20.

Jacobs, H.J. 2003. A further new emerald tree monitor lizard of the Varanus prasinus species group from Waigeo, West Irian (Squamata: Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 39(2): 65-74.

Reisinger, M.; Reisinger-Raweyai, D. 2007. Varanus boehmei, Haltung und erstmalige Nachzucht im Terrarium. Reptilia (D) 12(63): 34-38.

Reisinger, M.; Reisinger-Raweyai, D. 2007. Varanus boehmei: keeping and first breeding in the terrarium. Reptilia (GB) 50: 20-24.

Varanus bogerti

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. Varanus melinus sp. n., ein neuer Waran aus der V. indicus-Gruppe von den Molukken, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(111): 26-34.

Eidenmüller, B.; Koch, A.; Köhler, J.; Wicker, R. 2017. New findings on the relationships among New Guinea tree monitor lizards of the Varanus prasinus (SCHLEGEL, 1839) complex (Squamata: Sauria: Varanidae). Herpetozoa 30(1-2): 9-20.

Koch, A.; Ernst, N.; Eidenmüller, B.; Kraus, F. 2014. New data on the rare Varanus bogerti Mertens, 1950 and V. telenesetes Sprackland, 1991 (Squamata: Varanidae), two endemic monitor lizard taxa from island groups off southeastern New Guinea. Herpetological Journal 24(2): 111-122.

Mertens, R. 1950. Notes on some Indo-Australian monitors (Sauria, Varanidae). American Museum Novitates 1456: 1-7.

Sprackland, R.G. 1991. Taxonomic review of the Varanus prasinus group with descriptions of two new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30(3): 561-576.

Tallowin, O.; Shea, G.; Allison, A. 2016. Varanus bogerti. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T42485692A42485697. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42485692A42485697.en.

Varanus brevicaudus

Doughty, P.; Kealley, L.; Fitch, A.; Donnellan, S.C. 2014. A new diminutive species of Varanus from the Dampier Peninsula, western Kimberley region, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 29(2): 128-140.

Fyfe, G.; Munday, B.; Comber, J. 1999. Captive husbandry and breeding of the short-tailed goanna Varanus brevicauda at the Alice Springs Desert Park. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 29(2): 31-36.

Gillam, M.W.; Cawood, I.S.; Honner, G.J. 1978. New reptile records from central Australia Northern Territory. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 9(2): 18-25.

Jackson, R. 2001. Survival technique by a short tailed pygmy monitor Varanus brevicauda in a flood situation. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 31(2): 92-93.

James, C.D. 1996. Ecology of the pygmy goanna (Varanus brevicauda) in spinifex grasslands of central Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 44(2): 177-192.

King, D.R.; Pianka, E.R. 2007. Ecology of the pygmy monitor Varanus brevicauda in Western Australia. Mertensiella 16: 304-321.

Mebs, D. 1979. Der australische Kurzschwanzwaran (Varanus brevicauda). Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein Darmstadt Bericht N.F. 1978(3): 15-16.

Pianka, E.R. 1970. Notes on Varanus brevicauda. Western Australian Naturalist 11(5): 113-116.

Schmida, G.E. 1974. Der Kurzschwanzwaran (Varanus brevicauda). DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 27: 390-394.

Schmida, G.E. 1975. Däumlinge aus der Familie der Riesen (Varanus brevicauda, V. caudolineatus und V. gilleni). Aquarien 9(1): 8-11.

Shea, G.; Ellis, R.; Wilson, S.; Oliver, P. 2018. Varanus brevicauda. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83777390A101752295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83777390A101752295.en.

Thompson, G.G. 1996. Breeding Varanus brevicauda. Western Australian Naturalist 21(2): 119-121.

Varanus bushi

Aplin, K.P.; Fitch, A.J.; King, D.J. 2006. A new species of Varanus Merrem (Squamata: Varanidae) from the Pilbara region of Western Australia, with observations on sexual dimorphism in closely related species. Zootaxa 1313: 1-38.

Ellis, R. 2016. Natural history notes: Varanus bushi (Bush's Monitor). Diet. Herpetological Review 47(3): 470.

Wilson, S.; Macdonald, S.M.; Teale, R.; Doughty, P. 2018. Varanus bushi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83777426A83928558. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83777426A83928558.en.

Varanus caerulivirens

Lisle, H.F. de 2007. Varanus caerulivirens (turquoise monitor). Reproduction. Biawak 1(1): 39-40.

Philipp, K.M.; Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 1999. Der Türkiswaran Varanus caerulivirens Ziegler, Bohme & Philipp, 1999. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 21(122): 10-11.

Philipp, K.M.; Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 2007. Preliminary investigations of the natural diet of six monitor lizard species of the Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) indicus group. Mertensiella 16: 336-345.

Weijola, V.S.A. 2010. Geographical distribution and habitat use of monitor lizards of the North Moluccas. Biawak 4(1): 7-23.

Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W.; Philipp, K.M. 1999. Varanus caerulivirens sp. n., a new monitor lizard of the V. indicus group from Halmahera, Moluccas, Indonesia (Squamata: Sauria: Varanidae). Herpetozoa 12(1-2): 45-56.

Ziegler, T.; Schmitz, A.; Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2007. A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups. Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.

Varanus caudolineatus

Aplin, K.P.; Fitch, A.J.; King, D.J. 2006. A new species of Varanus Merrem (Squamata: Varanidae) from the Pilbara region of Western Australia, with observations on sexual dimorphism in closely related species. Zootaxa 1313: 1-38.

Bush, B. 1987. The movement of reptiles in mulga fenceposts with records from Esperance, Western Australia. Western Australian Naturalist 16(8): 171-172.

Ellis, R.; Wilson, S. 2018. Varanus caudolineatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83777621A101752300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83777621A101752300.en.

Minke, C.H. 1914. Varanus caudolineatus - ein waran für kleinste Terrarien. Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde 25: 427-438.

Pianka, E.R. 1969. Notes on the biology of Varanus caudolineatus and Varanus gilleni. Western Australian Naturalist 11(4): 76-82.

Retes, F.; Bennett, D. 2001. Multiple generations, multiple clutches, and early maturity in four species of monitor lizards (Varanidae) bred in captivity. Herpetological Review 32(4): 244-245.

Schmida, G.E. 1975. Däumlinge aus der Familie der Riesen (Varanus brevicauda, V. caudolineatus und V. gilleni). Aquarien 9(1): 8-11.

Smith, L.A. 1988. Notes on a clutch of monitor (Varanus caudolineatus) eggs. Western Australian Naturalist 17(4): 96.

Thompson, G. 1993. Daily movement patterns and habitat preferences of Varanus caudolineatus (Reptilia: Varanidae). Wildlife Research 20(2): 227-231.

Thompson, G.G.; Bradshaw, S.D.; Withers, P. 1997. Energy and water turnover rates of a free-living and captive goanna, Varanus caudolineatus (Lacertilia: Varanidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Physiology 116(2): 105-111.

Thompson, G.G.; King, D. 1995. Diet of Varanus caudolineatus (Reptilia: Varanidae). Western Australian Naturalist 20(4): 199-204.

Thompson, G.G.; Thompson, S.A. 2002. Clutch of Varanus caudolineatus (Varanidae). Western Australian Naturalist 23(3): 228.

Thompson, G.G.; Withers, P. 1994. Standard metabolic rates of two small Australian varanid lizards (Varanus caudolineatus and V. acanthurus). Herpetologica 50(4): 494-502.

Thompson, G.G.; Withers, P.; Thompson, S.A. 1992. The combat ritual of two monitor lizards Varanus caudolineatus and Varanus gouldii. Western Australian Naturalist 19(1): 21-25.

Varanus cerambonensis

Philipp, K.M.; Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1999. The identity of Varanus indicus: redefinition and description of a sibling species coexisting at the type locality (Sauria, Varanidae, Varanus indicus group). Spixiana 22(3): 273-287.

Philipp, K.M.; Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 2007. Preliminary investigations of the natural diet of six monitor lizard species of the Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) indicus group. Mertensiella 16: 336-345.

Weijola, V.; Sweet, S.S. 2015. A single species of mangrove monitor (Varanus) occupies Ambon, Seram, Buru and Saparua, Moluccas, Indonesia. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 9(1): 14-23.

Ziegler, T.; Schmitz, A.; Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2007. A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups. Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.

Varanus cumingi

Gaulke, M. 1991. Systematic relationships of the Philippine water monitors as compared with Varanus s. salvator, with a discussion of dispersal routes. Mertensiella 2: 154-167.

Gaulke, M. 1992. Distribution, population density, and exploitation of the water monitor (Varanus salvator) in the Philippines. Hamadryad 17: 21-27.

Horn, H.G. 1994. Der Ritualkampf von Varanus salvator cumingi. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 16(92): 27-30.

Koch, A.; Auliya, M.; Schmitz, A.; Kuch, U.; Böhme, W. 2007. Morphological studies on the systematics of south east Asian Water Monitors (Varanus salvator complex): nominotypic populations and taxonomic overview. Mertensiella 16: 109-180.

Koch, A.; Gaulke, M.; Böhme, W. 2010. Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies. Zootaxa 2446: 1-54.

Siler, C.D.; Welton, L.J.; Brown, R.M.; Infante, C.; Diesmos, A.C. 2011. Natural history notes: Ophiophagus hannah (King Cobra). Diet. Herpetological Review 42(2): 297.

Sy, E.; Diesmos, A.C.; Jakosalem, P.G.; Gonzalez, J.C.; Paguntalan, L.M.; Demegillo, A.; Custodio, C.; Delima, E.; Tampos, G.; Gaulke, M.; Jose, R. 2009. Varanus cumingi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T169897A6687602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T169897A6687602.en.

Wicker, R.; Gaulke, M.; Horn, H.G. 1999. Contributions to the biology, keeping and breeding of the Mindanao water monitor (Varanus s. cummingi). Mertensiella 11: 213-223.

Varanus dalubhasa

Cruz, C.J.P.D.; Abuid, F. 2017. Natural history notes: Varanus dalubhasa (Enteng’s Monitor Lizard). Diet. Herpetological Review 48(3): 664.

Welton, L.J.; Travers, S.L.; Siler, C.D.; Brown, R.M. 2014. Integrative taxonomy and phylogeny-based species delimitation of Philippine water monitor lizards (Varanus salvator complex) with descriptions of two new cryptic species. Zootaxa 3881(3): 201-227.

Varanus doreanus

Böhme, W.; Horn, H.G.; Ziegler, T. 1994. Zur Taxonomie der Pazifikwarane (Varanus-indicus-Komplex): Revalidierung von Varanus doreanus (A.B. Meyer, 1874) mit Beschreibung einer neuen Unterart. Salamandra 30(2): 119-142.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. Varanus melinus sp. n., ein neuer Waran aus der V. indicus-Gruppe von den Molukken, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(111): 26-34.

Natusch, D.J.D.; Lyons, J.A. 2017. Notes on the natural history of Blue-tailed Monitors (Varanus doreanus) in Australia. Biawak 11(1): 8-14.

Parker, F.; Oliver, P.; Tallowin, O. 2016. Varanus doreanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T42485703A42485712. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42485703A42485712.en.

Philipp, K.M. 1999. Niche partitioning of Varanus doreanus, V. indicus and V. jobiensis in Irian Jaya: preliminary results. Mertensiella 11: 307-316.

Philipp, K.M.; Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 2007. Preliminary investigations of the natural diet of six monitor lizard species of the Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) indicus group. Mertensiella 16: 336-345.

Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W.; Eidenmüller, B.; Philipp, K.M. 2001. A note on the coexistence of three species of Pacific monitor lizards in Australia (Sauria, Varanidae, Varanus indicus group). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 50(1-2): 27-30.

Ziegler, T.; Le, M.D. 2018. New records of the Blue-tailed Monitor, Varanus doreanus (Meyer, 1874), including a maximum size record. Biawak 12(1): 48-53.

Ziegler, T.; Philipp, K.M.; Böhme, W. 1999. Zum Artstatus und zur Genitalmorphologie von Varanus finschi Bohme, Horn et Ziegler, 1994, mit neuen Verbreitungsangaben für V. finschi und V. doreanus (Meyer, 1874) (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 50(2): 267-279.

Ziegler, T.; Schmitz, A.; Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2007. A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups. Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.

Varanus douarrha

Weijola, V.; Kraus, F.; Vahtera, V.; Lindqvist, C.; Donnellan, S.C. 2017. Reinstatement of Varanus douarrha Lesson, 1830 as a valid species with comments on the zoogeography of monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae) in the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Australian Journal of Zoology 64(6): 434-451.

Varanus dumerilii

Barbour, T. 1921. Aquatic skinks and arboreal monitors. Copeia 1921(1): 42-44.

Bennett, D.; Lim, B.L. 1995. A note on the distribution of Varanus dumerilii and V. rudicollis in Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 49(2): 113-116.

Bezuijen, M.R. 2012. Geographic distribution: Varanus dumerilii (Dumeril's Monitor). Herpetological Review 43(1): 104.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. Varanus melinus sp. n., ein neuer Waran aus der V. indicus-Gruppe von den Molukken, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(111): 26-34.

Carruccio, A. 1901. Sovra un Crocodilus porosus Schn., ed un Varanus dumerili Gray, donati da S. M. il Re Umberto al Museo Zoologica della R. Universita di Roma. Boll. Soc. zool. Ital. 2(1): 102-105.

Cota, M.; Chan-ard, T.; Mekchai, S.; Laotaew, S. 2008. Geographical distribution, instinctive feeding behavior and report of nocturnal activity of Varanus dumerilii in Thailand. Biawak 2(4): 152-158.

Cota, M.; Krebs, U. 2016. Do the hatchlings of Dumeril’s Monitor (Varanus dumerilii) Schlegel, 1839 display batesian mimicry? A conspicuous phenomenon and its presumptive evidence. Pp. 69 92. In: Cota, M. (ed.). Proceedings of the 2015 Interdisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand. 247 pp.

Davis, R.; Darling, R.; Darlington, A. 1986. Ritualized combat in captive Dumeril's monitors, Varanus dumerili. Herpetological Review 17(4): 85-86, 88.

Davis, R.B.; Phillips, L.G. 1991. A method of sexing the Dumeril's monitor, Varanus dumerili. Herpetological Review 22(1): 18-19.

Harrison, J.L.; Lim, B.L. 1957. Monitor lizards of Malaya. Malayan Nature Journal 12(1): 1-10.

Hauschild, A. 1998. Haltung und Nachzucht des Dumeril-Warans, Varanus dumerilii (Schlegel, 1839). Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 20(115): 27-34.

Hauschild, A. 2001. Kenntnisse, Beobachtungen und Nachzucht des Dumeril-Warans, Varanus dumerili (Schlegel, 1839). Draco 2(3) (7): 76-80.

Horn, H.G.; Schulz, B. 1977. Varanus dumerilii, wie ihn nicht jeder kennt. Aquarium (Bornheim) 11(9): 37-38.

Krebs, U. 1977. Der Dumerilwaran (Varanus dumerilii), ein spezialisierter Krabbenfresser? Salamandra 15(3): 146-157.

Krebs, U. 1979. Der Duméril-Waran (Varanus dumerilii), ein spezialisierter Krabbenfresser? (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 15(3): 146-157.

Krebs, U. 1991. Ethology and learning: from observation to semi-natural experiment. Mertensiella 2: 220-232.

Mendyk, R.W. 2015. Life expectancy and longevity of varanid lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) in North American zoos. Zoo Biology 34(2): 139-152.

Radford, L.; Paine, F.L. 1989. The reproduction and management of the Dumeril's monitor Varanus dumerili at the Buffalo Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 28: 153-155.

Schlegel, H. 1837-1844. Abbildungen neuer oder unvollständig bekannter Amphibien, nach der Natur oder dem Leben entworfen, herausgegeben und mit einem erläuternden Texte begleitet. Arnz & Co., Düsseldorf. 141 pp. (The dates of publication of the pages, as given by Williams and Wallach, 1989, are as follows: pp: 1-32 [1837]; 33-80 [1839] and 81-141 [1844]).

Shogaki, Y.; Abe, H.; Emoto, M. 1978. [On the foreign reptile and scorpions found in port among lauan log shipments in Japan]. (In Japanese). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology 29(4): 355-357.

Sprackland, R.G. 1976. Notes on Dumeril's monitor lizard, Varanus dumerili (Schlegel). Sarawak Museum Journal 24: 287-291.

Sprackland, R.G. 1993. The taxonomic status of the monitor lizard, Varanus dumerilii heteropholis Boulenger, 1892 (Reptilia: Varanidae). Sarawak Museum Journal 44(65): 113-121.

Yong, D.L.; Fam, S.D.; Ng, J.J. 2008. Rediscovery of Dumeril's monitor Varanus dumerilii (Varanidae) in Singapore. Nature in Singapore 1: 21-22.

Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 1996. Über das Beutespektrum von Varanus dumerilii (Schlegel, 1839). Salamandra 32(3): 203-210.

Varanus eremius

Goldberg, S.R. 2007. Notes on the reproductive biology of the rusty Desert Monitor, Varanus eremius, the sand monitor, Varanus gouldii, and the black-tailed monitor, Varanus tristis, (Squamata: Varanidae) from Western Australia. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 42(3): 47-49.

Pianka, E.R. 1968. Notes on the biology of Varanus eremius. Western Australian Naturalist 11(2): 39-44

Pianka, E.R. 1982. Observations on the ecology of Varanus in the Great Victoria Desert. Western Australian Naturalist 15(2): 1-8.

Pianka, E.R. 2007. An update on the ecology of the pygmy monitor Varanus eremius in Western Australia. Mertensiella 16: 346-352.

Shea, G.; Wilson, S.; Oliver, P. 2018. Varanus eremius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83777752A101752305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83777752A101752305.en.

Varanus exanthematicus

Attum, O.; Earley, R.L.; Bayless, M.; Eason, P. 2000. The agonistic behaviour of Bosc's monitor (Varanus exanthematicus Bosc, 1792) in captivity. Herpetological Bulletin 73: 22-26.

Balsai, M. 1997. Controversies about rodent diets for savannah monitors. Vivarium (Lakeside) 8(5): 18-19.

Bayless, M.K. 1994. Zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie des Steppenwarans (Varanus exanthematicus). Salamandra 30(2): 109-118.

Bayless, M.K. 1997. The distribution of African monitor lizards (Sauria: Varanidae). African Journal of Ecology 35(4): 374-377.

Bayless, M.K. 2006. Polydactylism in Bosc's monitor (Varanus exanthematicus). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 41(11): 203.

Bayless, M.K. 2006. Savannah Monitors: A Complete Guide to Varanus exanthematicus and Others. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 128 pp.

Bayless, M.K. 2008. Local names of Pan-African monitor lizards (Varanidae: Varanus: Polydaedalus). Biawak 2(2): 61-71.

Bayless, M.K.; Luiselli, L. 2000. The ecological distribution of monitor lizards (Reptilia, Varanidae) in Nigeria. Miscellania Zoologica (Barcelona) 23(1): 1-8.

Bennett, A.F.; Hicks, J.W.; Cullum, A.J. 2000. An experimental test of the thermoregulatory hypothesis for the evolution of endothermy. Evolution 54(5): 1768-1773.

Bennett, D. 2000. Observations on Bosc's monitor lizard (Varanus exanthematicus) in the wild. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 35(8): 177-180.

Bennett, D. 2000. Preliminary data on the diet of juvenile Varanus exanthematicus (Sauria: Varanidae) in the coastal plain of Ghana. Herpetological Journal 10(2): 75-76.

Bennett, D. 2000. The density and abundance of juvenile Varanus exanthematicus (Sauria: Varanidae) in the coastal plain of Ghana. Amphibia-Reptilia 21(3): 301-306.

Bennett, D. 2001. A very misunderstood monitor lizard. Varanus exanthematicus. Reptilia (GB) 19: 43-46.

Bennett, D.; Basuglo, B. 1998. Natural history notes: Varanus exanthematicus (Bosc's Monitor). Predation. Herpetological Review 29(4): 240-241.

Bennett, D.; Sweet, S.S. 2010. Varanus exanthematicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T178346A7527972. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T178346A7527972.en.

Bennett, D.; Thakoordyal, R. 2003. The savannah monitor lizard: the truth about Varanus exanthematicus. Viper Press, Glossop. 83 pp.

Böhme, W.; Fritz, J.P.; Schutte, F. 1987. Neuentdeckung einer Grossechse (Sauria: Varanus) aus der Arabischen Republik Jemen. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 9(46): 13-20.

Coiro, J. 2007. Captive breeding of Varanus exanthematicus. Biawak 1(1): 29-33.

Cooper, W.E. 1989. Prey odor discrimination in the varanoid lizards Heloderma suspectum and Varanus exanthematicus. Ethology 81(3): 250-258.

Cooper, W.E. 1989. Strike-induced chemosensory searching occurs in lizards. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15(4): 1311-1320.

Cooper, W.E. 1993. Duration of poststrike elevation in tongue-flicking rate in the savannah monitor lizard, Varanus exanthematicus. Ethology Ecology & Evolution 5(1): 1-18.

Cooper, W.E.; Habegger, J.J. 2001. Responses by juvenile savannah monitor lizards (Varanus exanthematicus) to chemical cues from animal prey, plants palatable to herbivores, and conspecifics. Journal of Herpetology 35(4): 618-624.

Cupul-Magaña, F.G. 2012. Varanus exanthematicus (Bosc, 1792), Apalone spinifera emoryi (Le Sueur, 1827) y Gopherus berlandieri (Agassiz, 1857): reptiles exóticos en el área urbana de Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26(2): 59-60.

Darlington, J. 1984. Monitor eggs. EANHS (East African Natural History Society) Bulletin 1984: 27.

Dijk, P. van; Manley, G.A.; Gallo, L. 1998. Correlated amplitude fluctuations of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in six lizard species. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104(3)(1): 1559-1564.

Dijk, P. van; Manley, G.A.; Gallo, L.; Pavusa, A.; Taschenberger, G. 1996. Statistical properties of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in one bird and three lizard species. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 100(4)(1): 2220-2227.

Don, M.; Estany, A.; Ramos, A.; Leoni, R.; Muchlinski, A. 1994. Re-examination of the afebrile response in two lizard species (Varanus exanthematicus and Gerrhosaurus major). Journal of Herpetology 28(3): 385-388.

Elias, J.A.; McBrayer, L.D.; Reilly, S.M. 2000. Prey transport kinematics in Tupinambis Teguixin and Varanus exanthematicus: conservation of feeding behavior in 'chemosensory-tongued' lizards. Journal of Experimental Biology 203(4): 791-801.

Firth, I.; Turner, M.; Robinson, M.; Meek, R. 2003. Response of monitor lizards (Varanus spp.) to a repeated food source evidence for association learning? Herpetological Bulletin 84: 1-4.

Fritz, J.P.; Fritz, B. 1991. Karyotypic characterization of Varanus yemenensis. Mertensiella 2: 136-142.

Grandison, A.G.C. 1956. On a collection of lizards from West Africa. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire Serie A Sciences Naturelles 18: 224-245.

Jefferies, M.G. 1963. Some notes on the diet of Varanus exanthematicus. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Rhodesia 20: 8-9.

Landsmeer, J.M.F. 1990. Functional morphology of the hindlimb in some Lacertilia. European Journal of Morphology 28(1): 3-34.

Lenz, S. 1995. Zur Biologie und Ökologie des Nilwarans, Varanus niloticus (Linnaeus 1766) in Gambia, Westafrika. Mertensiella 5: 1-256.

Manley, G.A. 2004. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in monitor lizards. Hearing Research 189(1-2): 41-57.

McElroy, E.J.; Wilson, R.; Biknevicius, A.R.; Reilly, S.M. 2014. A comparative study of single-leg ground reaction forces in running lizards. Journal of Experimental Biology 217(5): 735-742.

Meissner, M. 1995. Der Steppenwaran. Aquarium (Bornheim) 310: 24.

Müller, L. 1905. Der westafrikanische Steppenwaran Varanus exanthematicus. Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde 16: 266-268.

Owens, A.K.; Krysko, K.L.; Heinrich, G.L. 2005. Natural history notes: Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher Tortoise). Predation. Herpetological Review 36(1): 57-58.

Owerkowicz, T.; Farmer, C.G.; Hicks, J.W.; Brainerd, E.L. 1999. Contribution of gular pumping to lung ventilation in monitor lizards. Science (Washington, D.C.) 284(5420): 1661-1663.

Roder, A.; Horn, H.G. 1994. Über zwei Nachzuchten des Steppenwarans (Varanus exanthematicus). Salamandra 30(2): 97-108.

Rowland, V. 1990. Care of the bosc monitor - a lovable lizard. Thames and Chiltern Herpetological Group Newsletter 110: 20-22.

Soler, J.; Martínez-Silvestre, A. 2013. Feral monitor lizards (Varanus spp.) in Catalonia, Spain: an increasing phenomenon. Biawak 7(1): 21-24.

Sprackland, R.G. 2001. Savannah and Grassland Monitors. BowTie Inc., New York. 70 pp.

Steyn, P. 1992. Pale chanting goshawks associating with rock monitors. Gabar 7(2): 68.

Switak, K.H. 1997. Varanid I have known: Africa's Savannah and White-throated Monitors. Monitor (Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society) 9(1): 45-49.

Switak, K.H. 2003. Field notes for Varanus exanthematicus in West Africa. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 38(7): 136-137.

Wang, T.; Hicks, J.W. 2004. Why savannah monitor lizards hyperventilate during activity: a comparison of model predictions and experimental data. Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology 144(2-3): 251-261.

Wesiak, K. 2006. Zur Pflege und Nachzucht des westafrikanischen Steppenwarans Varanus (Polydaedalus) exanthematicus (Bosc, 1792). Elaphe 14(3): 21-34.

Yeboah, S. 1994. Aspects of the biology of two sympatric species of monitor lizards Varanus niloticus and Varanus exanthematicus (Reptilia, Sauria) in Ghana. African Journal of Ecology 32(4): 331-333.

Varanus finschi

Bennett, D.; Sweet, S.S. 2010. Varanus finschi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T178027A7486763. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T178027A7486763.en.

Böhme, W.; Horn, H.G.; Ziegler, T. 1994. Zur Taxonomie der Pazifikwarane (Varanus-indicus-Komplex): Revalidierung von Varanus doreanus (A.B. Meyer, 1874) mit Beschreibung einer neuen Unterart. Salamandra 30(2): 119-142.

Philipp, K.M.; Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 2007. Preliminary investigations of the natural diet of six monitor lizard species of the Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) indicus group. Mertensiella 16: 336-345.

Weijola, V.; Kraus, F.; Vahtera, V.; Lindqvist, C.; Donnellan, S.C. 2017. Reinstatement of Varanus douarrha Lesson, 1830 as a valid species with comments on the zoogeography of monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae) in the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Australian Journal of Zoology 64(6): 434-451.

Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W.; Eidenmüller, B.; Philipp, K.M. 2001. A note on the coexistence of three species of Pacific monitor lizards in Australia (Sauria, Varanidae, Varanus indicus group). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 50(1-2): 27-30.

Ziegler, T.; Philipp, K.M.; Böhme, W. 1999. Zum Artstatus und zur Genitalmorphologie von Varanus finschi Bohme, Horn et Ziegler, 1994, mit neuen Verbreitungsangaben für V. finschi und V. doreanus (Meyer, 1874) (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 50(2): 267-279.

Ziegler, T.; Schmitz, A.; Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2007. A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups. Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.

Varanus flavescens

Al-Razi, H. 2014. Geographic distribution: Varanus flavescens (Yellow Monitor). Herpetological Review 45(2): 284.

Al-Razi, H.; Baki, M.A.; Alam, S.M.I. 2014. Varanus flavescens (yellow monitor): thermoregulation. Herpetological Bulletin 129: 27.

Auffenberg, W. 1989. Utilization of monitor lizards in Pakistan. Traffic Bulletin 11(1): 8-12.

Auffenberg, W.; Rahman, H.; Iffat, F.; Perveen, Z. 1990. A study of Varanus flavescens (Hardwicke & Gray) (Sauria: Varanidae). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 86(3): 286-307.

Biswas, S.; Kar, S. 1982. Two new records of the species belonging to the genus Varanus Merrem, 1820 (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae) from Orissa. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 79(3-4): 515-520.

Böhme, W.; Koch, A. 2010. On the type selection and re-typification of two monitor lizard taxa (Squamata: Varanidae): Monitor bivittatus celebensis Schlegel, 1844 and Monitor kordensis Meyer, 1874; with some comments and corrections on other name-bearing type specimens. Zootaxa 2440: 60-68.

Chakraborty, S.; Chakraborty, R. 1988. Killing of the yellow monitor, Varanus flavescens (Gray 1827) (Squamata: Sauria) in some villages of Birbhum district, West Bengal, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 84(2): 450-452.

Ghimire, H.R.; Phuyal, S.; Shah, K.B. 2014. Protected species outside the protected areas: People's attitude, threats and conservation of the Yellow Monitor (Varanus flavescens) in the far-western lowlands of Nepal. Journal for Nature Conservation 22(6): 497-503.

Ghimire, H.R.; Shah, K.B. 2014. Status and habitat ecology of the Yellow Monitor, Varanus flavescens, in the southeastern part of Kanchanpur District, Nepal. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 9(2): 387-393.

Husain, A.; Ray, P. 1995. Reptilia. pp. 159-167. In: Ghosh, A.K. (ed.). Fauna of western Himalaya. Part 1: Uttar Pradesh. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. 228 pp.

IUCN World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1996. Varanus flavescens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996: e.T22872A9396496. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T22872A9396496.en.

Karki, A.; Karki, D.; Jnawali, S.R.; Paudel, S.; Adhikari, S.; Panthi, S. 2018. Varanus flavescens: status, distribution and potential threats - a case from Nepal. Biawak 12(1): 37-41.

Khan, M.S. 1993. Hemipeneal morphology of Varanus flavescens (Hardwicke and Gray, 1927), and its phylogenetic implications. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 25(2): 135-138.

Khatiwada, J.R.; Ghimire, B.C. 2009. Conservation status of Varanus flavescens in Chitwan, Nepal. Biawak 3(4): 100-105.

Mackay, R.S. 1968. Observations on peristaltic activity versus temperature and circadian rhythms in undisturbed Varanus flavescens and Ctenosauria pectinata. Copeia 1968: 252-259.

Mertens, R. 1924. Herpetologische Mitteilungen. Senckenbergiana 6: 177-185.

Mertens, R. 1959. Der Schädel des indischen Gelbwarans, Varanus flavescens. Senckenbergiana Biologica 40(3/4): 113-115.

Mitra, D. 2001. Captive breeding of yellow monitor lizard (Varanus flavescens). Cobra (Chennai) 46: 36-37.

Mukhopadhyay, A. 1980. Some observations on the biology of the openbill stork, Anastomus oscitans (Boddaert), in southern Bengal. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 77(1): 133-137.

Nawaz, M.; Nawaz, Y. 2003. Monitor lizard (Varanidae: Reptilia) in Baluchistan, Pakistan. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 30(3): 28-30.

Rajarathinam, R.; Sivakumar, S. 2010. Longevity of the yellow monitor lizard Varanus flavescens (Hardwicke and Gray, 1827) in captivity. Cobra (Chennai) 4(2): 20-22.

Rese, R. 1991. Varanus (Empagusia) flavescens (Hardwicke & Gray). Sauria (Berlin) 13(3): 1-2.

Reza, A.H.M.A.; Sourav, S.H. 2010. Varanus flavescens (Yellow Monitor): distribution and reproduction. Herpetological Bulletin 112: 38-39.

Varadaraju. 2013. Present status of three monitor lizards (Varanus bengalensis, V. flavescens and V. salvator) in the Sunderbans. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 113(1): 203-210.

Visser, G. 1992. Monitors and the Rotterdam Zoo. Vivarium (Lakeside) 4(3): 19-22.

Visser, G.H. 1985. Notizen zur Brutbiologie des Gelbwarans Varanus (Empagusia) flavescens (Hardwicke & Gray 1827) im Zoo Rotterdam. Salamandra 21(2-3): 161-168.

Varanus giganteus

Anonymous. 1963. Aus befreundeten Zoos: (Varanus giganteus in Stuttgart Wilhelma Zoo). Freunde Kölner Zoo 6(7): 122.

Bredl, J.; Horn, H.G. 1987. Über die Nachzucht des australischen Riesenwarans Varanus giganteus (Gray, 1845) (Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 23(2-3): 90-96.

Heger, N.A.; Heger, T.G. 2007. Behavior, ecology, and thermal physiology of Varanus giganteus: a field study of Australia's largest monitor lizard. Mertensiella 16: 255-290.

Horn, H.G. 1981. Varanus spenceri, nicht Varanus giganteus: eine Richtigstellung (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 17(1-2): 78-81.

Horn, H.G.; Visser, G.J. 1988. Freilandbeobachtungen und einige morphometrische Angaben zu Varanus giganteus (Gray, 1845) (Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 24(2-3): 102-118.

Irwin, S. 1997. Courtship, mating and egg deposition by the captive perentie Varanus giganteus (Gray, 1845). Vivarium (Lakeside) 8(4): 26-31, 56.

Irwin, S.; Engle, K.; Mackness, B. 1996. Nocturnal nesting by captive varanid lizards. Herpetological Review 27(4): 192-194.

King, D.; Green, B. 1993. Dimensions of the perentie (Varanus giganteus) and other large varanids. Western Australian Naturalist 19(3): 195-200.

King, D.; Green, B.; Butler, H. 1989. The activity pattern, temperature regulation and diet of Varanus giganteus on Barrow Island, Western Australia. Australian Wildlife Research 16(1): 41-47.

MacDonald, S. 2007. Observations on the stomach contents of a road-killed perentie, Varanus giganteus in western Queensland. Biawak 1(1): 21-23.

Mertens, R. 1959. Über die Schädel einiger bemerkenswerter Warane Australiens. Vijschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 104 (Festschr. Steiner): 115-128.

Robinson, A.C. 1992. Perenties, predators and prey. South Australian Naturalist 67(1-2): 30-34.

Shea, G.; Ellis, R.; Wilson, S.; Oliver, P. 2018. Varanus giganteus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83777786A101752310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83777786A101752310.en.

Stirling, E.C. 2015. Observations on the habits of the large Central Australian Monitor (Varanus giganteus), with a note on the 'fat bodies' of this species. Biawak 9(2): 78-83.

Stirling, E.L. 1912. Observations on the habits of the large central Australian monitor (Varanus giganteus) with a note on the 'fat bodies' of this species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 36: 26-33.

Sullivan, J. 2007. Perentie, Varanus giganteus, in Kalbarri National Park. Western Australian Naturalist 25(4): 259.

Thompson, G.G.; Heger, N.A.; Heger, T.G.; Withers, P. 1995. Standard metabolic rate of the largest Australian lizard, Varanus giganteus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Comparative Physiology 111(4): 603-608.

Thompson, S.A.; Withers, P.C.; Thompson, G.G.; Robinson, D. 2005. Range extension for the Perentie, Varanus giganteus (Squamata: Varanidae). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88(1): 41-43.

Varanus gilleni

Aplin, K.P.; Fitch, A.J.; King, D.J. 2006. A new species of Varanus Merrem (Squamata: Varanidae) from the Pilbara region of Western Australia, with observations on sexual dimorphism in closely related species. Zootaxa 1313: 1-38.

Barnett, B. 1981. Observations on fish feeding in reptiles. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 13(1): 11-13.

Boyle, D.M.; Lamoreaux, W.E. 1984. Captive reproduction in the pygmy mulga monitor Varanus gilleni at the Dallas Zoo. Annual Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation and Husbandry Proceedings 7: 59-63.

Carpenter, C.C.; Gillingham, J.C.; Murphy, J.B.; Mitchell, L.A. 1976. A further analysis of the combat ritual of the pygmy mulga monitor, Varanus gilleni (Reptilia: Varanidae). Herpetologica 32(1): 35-40.

Cogger, H.G. 1962. Reptile studies in the Musgrave Ranges. Australian Natural History 14: 51-56.

Delean, S. 1980. A new record of the pygmy mulga monitor, Varanus gilleni (Lucas and Frost). Herpetofauna (Sydney) 12(1): 35.

Eidenmüller, B. 1994. Bemerkungen zur Haltung und Zucht von Varanus acanthurus Boulenger, 1885, V. storri Mertens, 1966 und V. gilleni Lucas & Frost, 1895. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 16(88): 6-12.

Eidenmüller, B.; Wicker, R. 1997. The breeding of Gillen's pygmy monitor Varanus gilleni, Lucas & Frost 1895. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 27(1): 2-6.

Gow, G.F. 1982. Notes on the reproductive biology of the pygmy mulga goanna Varanus gilleni Lucas & Frost 1895. Northern Territory Naturalist 5: 4-5.

Horn, H.G. 1978. Nachzucht von Varanus gilleni (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 14(1): 29-32.

Murphy, J.B.; Mitchell, L.A. 1974. Ritualized combat behaviour of the pygmy mulga monitor lizard, Varanus gilleni (Sauria: Varanidae). Herpetologica 30(1): 90-97.

Peters, U. 1969. Ein seltener Zwergwaran, Varanus (Odatria) gilleni Lucas & Frost. Aqua Terra 16(1): 16-17

Peters, U. 1974. Kurz vorgestellt: Varanus (Odatria) gilleni. Aquarium Aqua Terra 8(65): 512-513.

Pianka, E.R. 1969. Notes on the biology of Varanus caudolineatus and Varanus gilleni. Western Australian Naturalist 11(4): 76-82.

Polleck, R. 1982. Der Gillenwaran Varanus gilleni. Aquarien Magazin 16(6): 366-367.

Polleck, R. 2001. Haltung und Zucht vom Gillenwaran, Varanus gilleni Lucas & Frost, 1895. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 23(131): 15-18.

Ramm, T. 2013. Die erfolgreiche Haltung und Nachzucht von Gillens Zwergwaran (Varanus gilleni) im Terrarium. Draco 14(53): 45-50.

Schmida, G.E. 1975. Däumlinge aus der Familie der Riesen (Varanus brevicauda, V. caudolineatus und V. gilleni). Aquarien 9(1): 8-11.

Shea, G.; Wilson, S.; Oliver, P. 2018. Varanus gilleni. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83777806A83935729. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83777806A83935729.en.

Varanus glauerti

Doody, J.S.; Schembri, B.; Sweet, S.S. 2015. Natural history notes: Varanus pilbarensis (Pilbara Rock Monitor) and Varanus glauerti (Kimberly Rock Monitor). Tail display behavior. Herpetological Review 46(3): 439-440.

Hoerenberg, T. 2013. Parthenogenese bei Varanus glauerti. Draco 14(53): 29-30.

Izaber, F. 2003. Varanus glauerti - das "Scaly jewel". Reptilia (D) 8(43): 41-42.

Mertens, R. 1957. Two new goannas from Australia. Western Australian Naturalist 5(7): 183-187.

Ramm, T. 2013. Haltung und erfolgreiche Nachzucht des Kimberley-Felswarans, Varanus glauerti. Draco 14(53): 20-28.

Rankin, P.; Horner, P.; King, M. 1987. An additional varanid species in the Northern Territory. Beagle 4(1): 81-82.

Retes, F.; Bennett, D. 2001. Multiple generations, multiple clutches, and early maturity in four species of monitor lizards (Varanidae) bred in captivity. Herpetological Review 32(4): 244-245.

Rokylle, G. 1989. An addition to the ranges of two rock monitors; Varanus glauerti and Varanus glebopalma. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 19(1): 25-26.

Shea, G. 2018. Varanus glauerti. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T178028A83777814. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T178028A83777814.en.

Sweet, S.S. 1999. Spatial ecology of Varanus glauerti and V. glebopalma in northern Australia. Mertensiella 11: 317-366.

Zeeuw, M. de 2010. Husbandry and reproduction of Varanus glauerti in captivity. Biawak 4(3): 103-107.

Varanus glebopalma

Christian, T. 1977. Notes on Varanus glebopalma. Vic. Herp. Soc. Newsletter 6: 11-13.

Horn, H.G.; Schurer, U. 1978. Bemerkungen zu Varanus (Odatria) glebopalma Mitchell 1955 (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 14(3): 105-116.

Hoser, R.T. 2014. The break up of Odatria (Kimberleyvaranus) glebopalma (Mitchell, 1955) into three obvious subspecies. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 24: 16-19.

Rhind, D.; Doody, J.S.; Ellis, R.J.; Ricketts, A.; Scott, G.; Clulow, S.; McHenry, C.R. 2013. Natural history notes: Varanus glebopalma (Black-palmed Monitor). Nocturnal activity and foraging. Herpetological Review 44(4): 687-688.

Rokylle, G. 1989. An addition to the ranges of two rock monitors; Varanus glauerti and Varanus glebopalma. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 19(1): 25-26.

Shea, G.; Cogger, H. 2018. Varanus glebopalma. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83778099A101752315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83778099A101752315.en.

Sweet, S.S. 1999. Spatial ecology of Varanus glauerti and V. glebopalma in northern Australia. Mertensiella 11: 317-366.

Varanus gouldii

Barbour, T. 1943. Defence posture of Varanus gouldii. Copeia 1943(1): 56.

Barnett, B. 1979. Incubation of sand goanna (Varanus gouldii) eggs. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 11(1): 21-22.

Bennett, D. 2003. The Varanus gouldii group. Reptilia (GB) 30: 27-29.

Bennett, D.F. 2003. Der Varanus-gouldii-Komplex. Reptilia (D) 8(43): 26-28.

Berney, F.L. 1936. Gould's monitor (Varanus gouldiae). Queensland Naturalist 10(1): 12-14.

Bird, R.B.; Tayor, N.; Codding, B.F.; Bird, D.W. 2013. Niche construction and dreaming logic: aboriginal patch mosaic burning and varanid lizards (Varanus gouldii) in Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 280(1772): 20132297, 1-7.

Böhme, W. 1991. The identity of Varanus gouldii (Gray, 1838), and the nomenclature of the V. gouldii-species complex. Mertensiella 2: 38-41.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1998. Comments on the proposed conservation of the names Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata) by the designation of a neotype for Hydrosaurus gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(3): 173-174.

Bolton, J.; Moseby, K. 2004. The activity of sand goannas Varanus gouldii and their interaction with reintroduced greater stick-nest rats Leporillus conditor. Pacific Conservation Biology 10(2-3): 193-201.

Bruton, M.J. 2013. Arboreality, excavation, and active foraging: novel observations of radiotracked woma pythons Aspidites ramsayi. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 56(2): 313-329.

Card, W. 1994. Double clutching Gould's monitors (Varanus gouldii) and Gray's monitors (Varanus olivaceus) at the Dallas Zoo. Herpetological Review 25(3): 111, 114.

Case, T.J.; Schwaner, T.D. 1993. Island/mainland body size differences in Australian varanid lizards. Oecologia (Heidelberg) 94(1): 102-109.

Christian, K.A. 1995. Natural history notes: Varanus panoptes (NCN) and Varanus gouldii (sand goanna). Diet and predation. Herpetological Review 26(3): 146.

Christian, K.A.; Conley, K.E. 1994. Activity and resting metabolism of varanid lizards compared with 'typical' lizards. Australian Journal of Zoology 42(2): 185-193.

Christian, K.A.; Corbett, L.K.; Green, B.; Weavers, B.W. 1995. Seasonal activity and energetics of two species of varanid lizards in tropical Australia. Oecologia (Heidelberg) 103(3): 349-357.

Christian, K.A.; Weavers, B.W. 1996. Thermoregulation of monitor lizards in Australia: an evaluation of methods in thermal biology. Ecological Monographs 66(2): 139-157.

Clemente, C.J.; Withers, P.C.; Thompson, G.G. 2008. Higher than predicted endurance for juvenile goannas (Varanidae; Varanus). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91(3): 265-267.

Couper, P.J.; Covacevich, J.A.; Amey, A.P. 2002. Back-filling of a burrow entrance by a subadult Varanus gouldii. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 32(1): 47-48.

Craig, M.; Doughty, P.; Melville, J. 2018. Varanus gouldii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83778110A101752320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83778110A101752320.en.

Delean, S. 1981. Notes on aggressive behaviour by Goulds goannas (Varanus gouldii) in captivity. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 12(2): 30.

Doles, M.; Card, W. 1995. Delayed fertilization in the monitor lizard Varanus gouldii. Herpetological Review 26(4): 196.

Doody, J.S.; Cherriman, S. 2012. Natural history notes: Varanus gouldii (Sand Monitor) and Varanus panoptes (Yellow-spotted Monitor). Predation. Herpetological Review 43(4): 653-654.

Frappell, P.B.; Mortola, J.P. 1998. Passive body movement and gas exchange in the frilled lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii) and goanna (Varanus gouldii). Journal of Experimental Biology 201(15): 2307-2311.

Garrett, C.M.; Boyer, D.M.; Card, W.; Roberts, D.T.; Murphy, J.B.; Chiszar, D. 1996. Comparison of chemosensory behavior and prey trail-following in the varanoid lizards Varanus gouldii and Heloderma suspectum. Zoo Biology 15(3): 255-265.

Garrett, C.M.; Card, W. 1993. Chemical discrimination of prey by naive neonate Gould's monitors Varanus gouldii. Journal of Chemical Ecology 19(11): 2599-2604.

Gentry, A. 1999. Comments on the proposed conservation of the names Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata) by the designation of a neotype for H. gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(1): 70-71.

Glazebrook, R. 1977. Old man goanna. North Queensland Naturalist 170: 4-6.

Glen, A.S.; Sutherland, D.R.; Cruz, J. 2010. An improved method of microhabitat assessment relevant to predation risk. Ecological Research 25(2): 311-314.

Goldberg, S.R. 2007. Notes on the reproductive biology of the rusty Desert Monitor, Varanus eremius, the sand monitor, Varanus gouldii, and the black-tailed monitor, Varanus tristis, (Squamata: Varanidae) from Western Australia. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 42(3): 47-49.

Green, B.; King, D. 1978. Home range and activity patterns of the sand goanna, Varanus gouldii (Reptilia: Varanidae). Australian Wildlife Research 5(3): 417-424.

Grundke, F.D.; Grundke, B. 1992. Feldherpetologische Beiträge zur Fauna Australiens. Teil 3: Zur Kenntnis des Varanus gouldii-Komplexes in Northern Territory und Queensland. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 14(81): 11-19.

Hartdegen, R.; Bayless, M.K. 1999. Twinning in lizards. Herpetological Review 30(3): 141.

Hoser, R. 1999. Comments on the proposed conservation of the names Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata) by the designation of a neotype for H. gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(1): 66-70.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2000. Opinion 1948. Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 (currently Varanus gouldii) and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata): specific names conserved by the designation of a neotype for H. gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 57(1): 63-65.

James, A.I.; Eldridge, D.J.; Hill, B.M. 2009. Foraging animals create fertile patches in an Australian desert shrubland. Ecography 32(5): 723-732.

Johnson, C.R. 1972. Head-body temperature differences in Varanus gouldii (Sauria, Varanidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (A) 43(4): 1025-1029.

Johnson, C.R. 1976. Some behavioural observations on wild and captive sand monitors, Varanus gouldii (Sauria: Varonidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 59(4): 377-380.

King, D. 1980. The thermal biology of free-living sand goannas (Varanus gouldii) in Southern Australia. Copeia 1980(4): 755-767.

King, D.R. 1981. The thermal biology of sand goannas (Varanus gouldii) in southern Australia. pp. 22-23. In: Banks, C.B. & Martin, A.A. Proceedings of the Melbourne Herpetological Symposium May 19-21, 1980. Zoological Board of Victoria, The Royal Melbourne Zoological Gardens, Parkville, Victoria 3052. 199 pp. (Abstract).

King, D.R. 1997. Comment on the proposed conservation of the specific names of Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 (currently Varanus gouldii) and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata) by the designation of a neotype for H. gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 54(4): 249-250.

Koch, L.E. 1970. Predation of the scorpion Urodacus hoplurus by the lizard Varanus gouldii. Western Australian Naturalist 11(5): 120-121.

Limpus, D.J. 1995. Observations of Varanus gouldii (Varanidae) at Mon Repos Beach, Bundaberg. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 25(2): 14-16.

Lisle, H.F. de 2009. Catalog of the genus Varanus (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) with new designations of a neotype and a lectotype. ZooNova 1(2): 8-32.

Longley, G. 1947. Gould's monitor (Varanus gouldii) in the vivarium. Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 1946-47: 27-28.

McIlroy, J.C.; King, D.R.; Oliver, A.J. 1985. The sensitivity of Australian animals to 1080 poison. 8. Amphibians and reptiles. Australian Wildlife Research 12(1): 113-118.

Mertens, R. 1971. Über eine Waransammlung aus dem östlichen Neuguinea. Senckenbergiana Biologica 52: 1-5.

Mitchell, L.A. 1990. Reproduction of Gould's monitors (Varanus gouldii) at the Dallas Zoo. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 25(1): 8-9.

Morris, K.D.; Rice, G.E. 1981. Some vertebrates recorded on a visit to Queen Victoria Spring in December 1977. Western Australian Naturalist 15(1): 11-13.

Pengilley, R. 1981. Notes on the biology of Varanus spenceri and V. gouldii, Barkly Tablelands, Northern Territory. Australian Journal of Herpetology 1(1): 23-26.

Pianka, E.R. 1970. Notes on the biology of Varanus gouldii flavirufus. Western Australian Naturalist 11(6): 141-144.

Pianka, E.R. 1970. Notes on the biology of Varanus gouldi flavirufus. Western Australian Naturalist 11: 141-144.

Pianka, E.R. 1982. Observations on the ecology of Varanus in the Great Victoria Desert. Western Australian Naturalist 15(2): 1-8.

Schardt, M. 2000. Aktuelle Übersicht zur Nomenklatur der australischen "Gouldswarane" sowie Angaben zur Haltung und Nachzucht von Varanus panoptes panoptes Storr, 1980. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 22(129): 22-32.

Shea, G. 1994. Three species of goanna occur in the Sydney Basin. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 24(2): 14-18.

Shea, G.; Cogger, H.G. 1998. Comment on the proposed conservation of the names Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata) by the designation of a neotype for Hydrosaurus gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(2): 106-111.

Shine, R. 1986. Diets and abundances of aquatic and semi-aquatic reptiles in the Alligator Rivers region. Supervising Scientist for the Alligator Rivers Region Technical Memorandum 16: 1-52.

Shine, R. 1986. Food habits, habitats and reproductive biology of four sympatric species of varanid lizards in tropical Australia. Herpetologica 42(3): 346-360.

Simpson, K.N.G. 1973. Amphibians, reptiles and mammals of the Murray River region between Mildura and Renmark, Australia. Mitteilungen Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg 34: 275-279.

Smith, J.G.; Brook, B.W.; Griffiths, A.D.; Thompson, G.G. 2007. Can morphometrics predict sex in varanids? Journal of Herpetology 41(1): 133-140.

Sprackland, R.G.; Smith, H.M.; Strimple, P. 1997. Case 3042. Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 (currently Varanus gouldii) and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata): proposed conservation of the specific names by the designation of a neotype for H. gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 54(2): 95-99.

Sprackland, R.G.; Smith, H.M.; Strimple, P. 1998. Comments on the proposed conservation of the names Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata) by the designation of a neotype for Hydrosaurus gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(3): 175-176.

Stammer, D. 1981. Some notes on the cane toad (Bufo marinus). Australian Journal of Herpetology 1(2): 61.

Sutherland, D.R. 2011. Dietary niche overlap and size partitioning in sympatric varanid lizards. Herpetologica 67(2): 146-153.

Sutherland, D.R.; Glen, A.S.; Tores, P.J. de 2011. Could controlling mammalian carnivores lead to mesopredator release of carnivorous reptiles? Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 278(1706): 641-648.

Tenhu, H.; Schildger, B.; Kuchling, G.; Thompson, G. 1999. Ultrasonic examination and anatomy of monitors (Varanus gouldii, V. indicus and V. griseus) (Sauria: Varanidae). Mertensiella 11: 181-187.

Thompson, G. 1992. Daily distance travelled and foraging areas of Varanus gouldii (Reptilia: Varanidae) in an urban environment. Wildlife Research 19(6): 743-753.

Thompson, G. 1994. Activity area during the breeding season of Varanus gouldii (Reptilia: Varanidae) in an urban environment. Wildlife Research 21(6): 633-641.

Thompson, G.G. 1996. Foraging patterns and behaviours, body postures and movement speed for goannas, Varanus gouldii (Reptilia: Varanidae), in a semi-urban environment. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 78(4): 107-114.

Thompson, G.G. 1996. Notes on the diet of Varanus gouldii in a semi-urban environment. Western Australian Naturalist 21(1): 49-54.

Thompson, G.G.; Withers, P.; Thompson, S.A. 1992. The combat ritual of two monitor lizards Varanus caudolineatus and Varanus gouldii. Western Australian Naturalist 19(1): 21-25.

Tores, P.J. de; Sutherland, D.R.; Clarke, J.R.; Hill, R.F.; Garretson, S.W.; Bloomfield, L.; Struempher, L.; Glen, A.S.; Cruz, J. 2011. Assessment of risks to non-target species from an encapsulated toxin in a bait proposed for control of feral cats. Wildlife Research 38(1): 39-50.

Trembath, D. 2000. Nocturnal activity by Gould's Monitor (Varanus gouldii) at Town Common Environmental Park, Townsville Queensland. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 30(2): 52-53.

Warburg, M.R. 1965. Studies on the environmental physiology of some Australian lizards from arid and semi-arid habitats. Australian Journal of Zoology 13: 563-575.

Whitford, W.G. 1998. Contribution of pits dug by goannas (Varanus gouldii) to the dynamics of banded mulga landscapes in eastern Australia. Journal of Arid Environments 40(4): 453-457.

Wild, J. 2005. Soaking behaviour by a sand goanna, Varanus gouldii. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 35(2): 121.

Wischniewski, A.; Wischniewski, M. 1976. Varanus gouldii. Das Aquarium 4(82): 182.

Varanus griseus

Anonymous. 1993. [The desert monitor Varanus griseus]. (In Russian). Akvariumist (Akvariumy i Terrariumy) 5: 32-34.

Absamatov, R. 1982. [The effect of solar heat load on certain physiological indicators in reptiles]. (In Russian). Uzbekskii Biologicheskii Zhurnal 1982(3): 27-29.

Absamatov, R.A. 1976. [Spring activity of Varanus griseus in south-west Kyzylkum]. (In Russian). Uzbekskii Biologicheskii Zhurnal 1976(1): 79-80.

Aktan, F. 1971. Über die Wüstenwarane (Varanus griseus aud.) aus dem südöstlichen Anatolien. Turk. Biol. Derg. 21: 106-117.

Aktan, F. 1972. Guneydogu Anadoluda Varanus griseus Daud. (col Varani). [On the desert monitor (Varanus griseus) from the southeastern Anatolia]. (In Turkish and German, English summary). Turk. Biol. Derg. 21 [1971]: 106-117.

Al-Shammari, A.M. 2012. Additional records of lizards in Ha'il Province, Saudi Arabia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 19(4): 287-291.

Amer, S.A.M. 2003. Phylogenetic relationship between two African varanid species (Reptilia), inferred from protein and mitochondrial DNA data. Journal of Union of Arab Biologists Cairo A Zoology 19: 23-38.

Andres, A. 1904. Intelligenz eine Wüstenwarans (Varanus griseus). Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde 15: 269.

Auffenberg, W. 1989. Utilization of monitor lizards in Pakistan. Traffic Bulletin 11(1): 8-12.

Auffenberg, W.; Rehman, H.; Iffat, F.; Perveen, Z. 1990. Notes on the biology of Varanus griseus koniecznyi Mertens Sauria: Varanidae. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 87(1): 26-36.

Ballard, V.; Antonio, F.B. 2001. Natural history notes: Varanus griseus (Desert Monitor). Toxicity. Herpetological Review 32(4): 261.

Bannikov, A.G. 1975. The varan calls for protection. Priroda (Moscow) 1975(9): 97.

Bayless, M.K. 1997. The distribution of African monitor lizards (Sauria: Varanidae). African Journal of Ecology 35(4): 374-377.

Bels, V.L.; Gasc, J.P.; Goosse, V.; Renous, S.; Vernet, R. 1995. Functional analysis of the throat display in the sand goanna Varanus griseus (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae). Journal of Zoology (London) 236(1): 95-116.

Bennett, D. 1992. A note on the burrows of Varanus griseus caspius around Repetek, Turkmenistan. SWHS Journal 2(1): 18-21.

Bhanotar, R.K.; Srivastava, Y.N. 1985. Impact of reptiles on food production and environment. AISWS Research Publication 2: 116-120, 265-266.

Billiau, F. 1975. Voedselweigering en genezing van een woestijnvaraan (Varanus griseus). Lacerta 31(2): 30-32.

Bogdanov, O.P. 1979. [Changes in the behaviour of Varanus griseus under conditions of capture]. (In Russian). Uzbekskii Biologicheskii Zhurnal 1979(5): 73-74.

Bondarenko, D.A. 1989. [Distribution and population density of the desert monitor (Varanus griseus) in the Karshy steppe zone]. (In Russian, English summary). Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologicheskii 94(3): 24-32.

Brushko, Z.K. 2008. [Desert Monitor Varanus griseus]. (In Russian). Selevinia 2007: 7-11.

Brushko, Z.K.; Skliarenko, S.L.; Matveeva, T.N. 1990. [Important representatives of rare species. Varanus griseus. pp. 208-217]. (In Russian). In: Kovshar, A.F. (ed.). Redkie zhivotnye pustyn': problemy sokhraneniya genofonda pozvonochnykh Kazakhstana. Rare animals of desert regions: problems of protecting Kazakhstan vertebrates genofond [sic]. Nauka Kazakhstan, Alma Ata. 254 pp.

Chandra, H. 1987. Some observations on the predatory behaviour of desert monitor Varanus griseus Dudin (Lacertilia: Varanidae). Plant Protection Bulletin (Faridabad) 39(4): 22-23.

Chandra, H.; Charan, S. 1983. Some lizard predators of acridids of southwest Afghanistan. Plant Protection Bulletin (Faridabad) 33(3-4): 153-155.

Corkill, N.L. 1928. Notes on the desert monitor (Varanus griseus) and the spiny-tailed lizard (Uromastix microlepis). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 32(3): 608-610

Dujsebayeva, T. 1995. Natural history notes: Varanus griseus (Desert Monitor Lizard). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 26(2): 100.

Francaz, J.M.; Dudemaine, M.; Vernet, R.; Grenot, C. 1976. Étude de l'évolution de la température interne et du rythme cardiaque chez le lézard saharien: Varanus griseus Daud. par radiotélémétrie. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances Academie des Sciences Paris (Ser. D) 282(12): 1199-1202.

George, W. 1986. The thermal niche: desert sand and desert rock. Journal of Arid Environments 10(3): 213-224.

Gorelov, Y.K. 1971. Concerning the toxicity of Varanus griseus saliva. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenistana Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk 6(1): 75-76.

Gorelov, Y.K. 1983. [The lizard Varanus griseus]. (In Russian). Priroda (Moscow) 1983(4): 54-57.

Grenot, C. 1968. Étude comparative de la resistance et a la chaleur d'Uromastix acanthinurus et de Varanus griseus. Terre et Vie 1968(4): 390-409.

Grenot, C. 2001. Adaptation des petits vertebres aux conditions arides du Sahara. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 126(1-2): 129-167.

Gupta, B.K. 1997. A note on reproduction in the desert monitor (Varanus griseus). Hamadryad 21: 43.

Haas, G. 1957. Some amphibians and reptiles from Arabia. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Ser. 4) 29(4): 47-86.

Haas, G.; Battersby, J.C. 1959. Amphibians and reptiles from Arabia. Copeia 1959: 196-202.

Hagist, W. 1958. Mein Varanus griseus. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 11(12): 374-375.

Hagist, W. 1964. Varanus griseus und Iguana iguana in einem kombinierten Zimmer-Terrarium. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 17: 118-121.

Ibrahim, A.A. 1999. A method of attaching radio transmitters to desert monitors, Varanus griseus in Zaranik protected area, north Sinai, Egypt. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 69(Autumn): 47-49. (Incorrectly cited on page heads as No. 68).

Ibrahim, A.A. 2000. A radiotelemetric study of the body temperature of Varanus griseus (Sauria: Varanidae) in Zaranik Protected Area, North Sinai, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Biology 2: 57-66.

Ibrahim, A.A. 2002. Activity area, movement patterns, and habitat use of the Desert Monitor, Varanus griseus, in the Zaranik Protected Area, North Sinai, Egypt. African Journal of Herpetology 51(1): 35-45.

Igolkin, V.A. 1975. [Breeding of reptiles in captivity. Varanus griseus in the Leningrad Zoo]. (In Russian). Priroda (Moscow) 1975(9): 95-96.

Ilgaz, C.; Kumlutas, Y.; Avci, A.; Baran, I.; Ozdemir, A. 2008. The morphology and distribution of Varanus griseus (Daudin, 1803) (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae) in southeastern Anatolia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 15(3): 173-178.

Jennings, M.C.; Al-Shodoukhi, S.A.; Al-Abbasi, T.M.; Collenette, S. 1990. Atlas of the breeding birds of Saudi Arabia: Survey No. 7. Results of an ornithological survey of central and north western Saudi Arabia, 12 March - 8 April 1989. National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development Technical Report no. 19. 82 pp.

Kami, H.G. 2005. Geographic distribution: Varanus griseus caspius (Transcaspian Desert Monitor). Herpetological Review 36(1): 81.

Khairutdinov, K.S.; Akhmetov, I.Z.; Absamatov, R. 1985. [Ecological and physiological features of reptiles and mammals of arid zones]. (In Russian). FAN, Tashkent. 136 pp.

Kolar, K. 1953. Die Sommerhaltung von Uromastyx acanthinurus und Varanus griseus im Freilandterrarium. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 6: 186-188.

Kordges, T. 1998. Die Reptilienfauna des Thumamah Nature Park bei Riyadh, Saudi Arabien (Reptilia). Faunistische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 21(Supplement): 67-83.

Kumar Sharma, I. 1993. Endangered fauna of Thar Desert, India; measures desired for their successful breeding in situ or ex situ. Zoos' Print 8(5): 10-11.

Kumar Sharma, I. 1996. Habitat preferences, niche and conservation of monitor lizards (Varanus bengalensis and Varanus grisesus [griseus]) in Thar Desert, Rajasthan. Cobra (Madras) 23: 32-34.

Kumawat, R.; Saran, R.P.; Purohit, A. 2018. Bird-o-soar: Bonelli’s Eagle: Records of predation on Varanus griseus and Ptyonoprogne concolor by Aquila fasciata in Agolai, Jodhpur, India. Zoos' Print Magazine 33(5): 17-20.

Lohmann, C. 1910. Ein wütender waran (Varanus griseus). Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde 21: 527-528.

Malakhov, D.V.; Chirikova, M.A. 2018. Species distribution model of Varanus griseus caspius (Eichwald, 1831) in Central Asia: An insight to the species' biology. Russian Journal of Herpetology 25(3): 195-206.

Martens, H.; Kock, D. 1992. The desert monitor, Varanus griseus (Daudin 1803), in Syria. (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 72(1-3): 7-11.

Meissner, M. 1995. Der Wüstenwaran, Varanus griseus. Aquarium (Bornheim) 309: 24.

Mertens, R. 1954. Über die Rassen des Wüstenwarans (Varanus griseus). Senckenbergiana Biologica 35(5/6): 353-357.

Mertens, R. 1969. Der "Drache von Babylon" war kein Waran. Natur und Museum (Frankfurt Am Main) 99: 389-392.

Mertens, R. 1973. Zur Kenntnis des iranischen Wüstenwarans, Varanus griseus. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 24(3): 233-236.

Mohammadi, S.; Naderi, G. 2012. Survey of lizard fauna of Mirabad of Shah-Reza, Isfahan Province, Iran. Trakia Journal of Sciences 10(1): 35-37.

Nawaz, M.; Nawaz, Y. 2003. Monitor lizard (Varanidae: Reptilia) in Baluchistan, Pakistan. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 30(3): 28-30.

Okafor, A.I. 2010. The influence of body temperature on sprint speed and anti-predatory defensive responses of the North African monitor lizard, Varanus griseus. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(5): 778-781.

Pawley, R. 1994. Herping in the former USSR. Vivarium (Lakeside) 6(2): 30-37.

Perry, G.; Habani, R.; Mendelssohn, H. 1993. The first captive reproduction of the desert monitor Varanus griseus griseus at the Research Zoo of Tel Aviv University. International Zoo Yearbook 32: 188-190.

Pestov, M.V.; Gnetneva, A.N.; Mukhashov, A.T. 2018. The status of the Desert Monitor Varanus griseus caspius (Squamata: Varanidae) in the Mangistau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and some features of the preimaginal stages of the Longhorn Beetles Neoplocaederus scapularis (Coleoptera: C ### Russian Journal of Herpetology 25(4): 322-326.

Rathgen, W. von 1894. Der Wüstenwaran im Terrarium. Natur und Haus 2: 169-171.

Reza Khan, M.A. 1993. A swimming desert monitor, (Varanus griseus). Tribulus 3(2): 19-20.

Rjumin, A.V. 1968. [The Ecology of the Desert monitor (Varanus griseus) in southern Turkmenistan]. (In Russian). Herpetology of Middle Asia 1968: 28-31.

Rogovin, K.A.; Randall, J.A.; Kolosova, I.; Moshkin, M. 2004. Predation on a social desert rodent, Rhombomys opimus: Effect of group size, composition, and location. Journal of Mammalogy 85(4): 723-730.

Rustamov, E.A. 1981. [The density of Varanus griseus in south east Turkmenistan]. pp. 119-120. In: Darevsky, I.S.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Barkagan, Z.S.; Borkin, L.Y.; Sokolova, T.M. & Szczerbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp. (abstract, in Russian).

Sallam, F.A.E. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships among the Egyptian squamates (lizards and snakes) inferred from protein and isoenzyme characteristics. Journal of the Egyptian German Society of Zoology 48(C): 1-17.

Schonbauer, M.; Loupal, G.; Schonbauer-Langle, A. 1982. Osteoidchondrosarkom bei einem Wüstenwaran (Varanus griseus). Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 95(10): 193-194.

Scortecci, G. 1940. Biologia del Tibesti. Ann. Mus. libico Stor. nat. 2: 257-275.

Sharma, K.K.; Sharma, V.; Sharma, N. 2010. Observations on the desert monitor lizard (Varanus griseus) in the Thar Desert, Rajasthan, India and recent threats to its population. Cobra (Chennai) 4(2): 26-28.

Sharma, R.C.; Singh, C. 1976. Records of some little known reptiles from Afghanistan. Newsletter of the Zoological Survey of India 2(2): 70-74.

Smirina, E.M.; Tsellarius, A.Y. 1996. Aging, longevity, and growth of the Desert Monitor Lizard (Varanus griseus Daud.). Russian Journal of Herpetology 3(2): 130-142.

Smirina, E.M.; Tsellarius, A.Y. 1998. Vital bone marking of desert monitor (Varanus griseus Daud.) in nature. Russian Journal of Herpetology 5(2): 156-159.

Sokolov, V.E.; Sukhov, V.P.; Chernyshev, Y.M. 1975. [A radiotelemetric study of diurnal fluctuations of body temperature in the desert monitor (Varanus griseus)]. (In Russian, English summary). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 54(9): 1347-1356.

Sopyev, O.; Makeev, V.M.; Kudryavtsev, S.V.; Makarov, A.N. 1987. [Case of intoxication from a bite from Varanus griseus]. (In Russian). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk 1987(1): 78.

Spatz, P. 1931. Wüstenwaran (Varanus griseus Daudin). Das Aquarium (Berlin) 1931: 160-162.

Sperl, J.W.K. 1993. Karakum, die Wüste Turkmenistans. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 46(12): 790-791.

Stanner, M. 1985. Monitoring the desert monitor. Israel Land and Nature 10(4): 142-145.

Stanner, M. 1999. Effects of overcrowding on the annual activity cycle and the husbandry of Varanus griseus. Mertensiella 11: 51-62.

Stanner, M. 2007. The burrows, burrows' use and burrowing strategies of the Desert Monitor (Varanus griseus) in the coastal plain of Israel. Mertensiella 16: 364-377.

Stanner, M. 2016. Burrowing behavior and burrowing derived behavior of Varanus griseus (Daudin, 1803). Pp. 167-174. In: Cota, M. (ed.). Proceedings of the 2015 Interdisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand. 247 pp.

Stanner, M.; Mendelssohn, H. 1984. Activity patterns and habitat utilization by the desert monitor (Varanus griseus) in the sand dunes south of Holon, Israel. (Abstract). Israel Journal of Zoology 32(2-3): 164.

Stanner, M.; Mendelssohn, H. 1987. Sex ratio, population density and home range of the desert monitor (Varanus griseus) in the southern coastal plain of Israel. Amphibia-Reptilia 8(2): 153-163.

Stanner, M.; Mendelssohn, H. 1987. The diet of Varanus griseus in the southern coastal plain of Israel (Reptilia: Sauria). Israel Journal of Zoology 34(1-2): 67-75.

Stanner, M.; Mendelssohn, H. 1991. Activity patterns of the desert monitor (Varanus griseus) in the southern coastal plain of Israel. Mertensiella 2: 253-262.

Tenhu, H.; Schildger, B.; Kuchling, G.; Thompson, G. 1999. Ultrasonic examination and anatomy of monitors (Varanus gouldii, V. indicus and V. griseus) (Sauria: Varanidae). Mertensiella 11: 181-187.

Thilenius, G. 1897. Der Farbenwechsel von Varanus griseus, Uromastix acanthurus und Agama inermis. Morphol. Jahrb. 7: 515-545.

Tsellarius, A.Y. 1994. The behavior and the way of life of a grey lizard in sandy deserts. Priroda (Moscow) 1994(5)(945): 26-35.

Tsellarius, A.Y. 1999. [Sex determination on alive Varanus griseus (Reptilia, Sauria)]. (In Russian, English summary). Selevinia 1996-1997: 40-44.

Tsellarius, A.Y.; Cherlin, V.A. 1994. [Duration of egg incubation in Varanus griseus (Reptilia, Sauria) and emergence of hatchlings on surface in the sand deserts of Middle Asia]. (In Russian, English summary). Selevinia 2(4): 43-46.

Tsellarius, A.Y.; Cherlin, V.A.; Menshikov, Y.A. 1991. [Preliminary report on the study of biology of Varanus griseus (Reptilia, Varanidae) in Middle Asia]. (In Russian, English summary). Gerpetologicheskie Issledovaniya 1: 61-103, 172.

Tsellarius, A.Y.; Men'shikov, Y.G. 1994. Indirect communication and its role in the formation of social structure in Varanus griseus (Sauria). Russian Journal of Herpetology 1(2): 121-132.

Tsellarius, A.Y.; Menshikov, Y.G. 1995. [The structure of nesting holes and the protection of clutches by the females of Varanus griseus (Reptilia, Sauria)]. (In Russian, English summary). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 74(1): 119-128.

Tsellarius, A.Y.; Men'shikov, Y.G.; Tsellarius, E.Y. 1995. Spacing pattern and reproduction in Varanus griseus of western Kyzylkum. Russian Journal of Herpetology 2(2): 153-165.

Tsellarius, A.Y.; Tsellarius, E.Y. 1996. Courtship and mating in Varanus griseus of Western Kyzylkum. Russian Journal of Herpetology 3(2): 122-129.

Tsellarius, A.Y.; Tsellarius, E.Y. 1997. Behavior of Varanus griseus during encounters with conspecifics. Asiatic Herpetological Research 7: 108-130.

Tsellarius, A.Y.; Tsellarius, E.Y. 1999. [Identification of sex in the alive desert monitor Varanus griseus (Reptilia, Sauria)]. (In Russian, English summary). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 78(5): 622-625.

Tsellarius, A.Y.; Tsellarius, E.Y.; Men'shikov, Y.G. 1997. Notes on the diet and foraging of Varanus griseus. Russian Journal of Herpetology 4(2): 170-181.

Tsellarius, R.Y.; Tsellarius, A.Y. 1997. [Thermal conditions of Varanus griseus (Reptilia, Sauria) activity]. (In Russian, English summary). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 76(2): 206-211.

Vernet, R.; Lemire, M.; Grenot, C. 1988. Field studies on activity and water balance of a desert monitor Varanus griseus (Reptilia, Varanidae). Journal of Arid Environments 15(1): 81-90.

Vernet, R.; Lemire, M.; Grenot, C.J.; Francaz, J.M. 1988. Ecophysiological comparisons between two large Saharan lizards, Uromastix acanthinurus (Agamidae) and Varanus griseus (Varanidae). Journal of Arid Environments 14(2): 187-200.

Vogel, Z. 1980. Werden die nordafrikanischen Dornschwänze und Wüstenwarane das 20. Jahrhundert überleben? DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 33(1): 30-31.

Yadgarov, T.; Akramov, M.S.; Makhmudov, B.; Sartaeva, K.M.; Khozhdaev, A.F. 1988. [On new finds of lizards and snakes in Uzbekistan]. (In Russian). Doklady Akademii Nauk Uzbekskoi SSR 1988(2): 52-53.

Yadgarov, T.Y. 1968. [Information on the Ecology of the Desert monitor (Varanus griseus) in the River Surhandarja Basin]. (In Russian). Gerpetologia Srednei Azii. Tashkent.

Zander, A. 1895. Einige transkaspische Reptilien. Zoologische Garten 36: 297-305.

Zarkhidze, V.A. 1981. [Varanus griseus in western Turkmenistan]. pp. 55-56. In: Darevsky, I.S.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Barkagan, Z.S.; Borkin, L.Y.; Sokolova, T.M. & Szczerbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp. (abstract, in Russian).

Varanus hamersleyensis

Camina Vega, A.; Koch, A. 2017. First breeding report of the Pilbara Rock Monitor (Varanus pilbarensis Storr, 1980) in Spain with taxonomic comments on the recently described V. hamersleyensis Maryan et al., 2014. Biawak 11(1): 19-27.

Ellis, R.; Wilson, S. 2018. Varanus hamersleyensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83778155A101752325. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83778155A101752325.en.

Maryan, B.; Oliver, P.M.; Fitch, A.J.; O'Connell, M. 2014. Molecular and morphological assessment of Varanus pilbarensis (Squamata: Varanidae), with a description of a new species from the southern Pilbara, Western Australia. Zootaxa 3768(2): 139-158.

Varanus indicus

Ball, E.; Glucksman, J. 1978. Limnological studies of Lake Wisdom, a large New Guinea caldera lake with a simple fauna. Freshwater Biology 8(5): 455-468.

Beehler, B.M.; Crill, W.; Jefferies, B.; Jefferies, M. 1992. New Guinea harpy-eagle attempts to capture a monitor lizard. Emu 92(4): 246-247.

Bennett, D.; Sweet, S.S. 2010. Varanus indicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T178416A7542350. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T178416A7542350.en.

Böhme, W.; Horn, H.G.; Ziegler, T. 1994. Zur Taxonomie der Pazifikwarane (Varanus-indicus-Komplex): Revalidierung von Varanus doreanus (A.B. Meyer, 1874) mit Beschreibung einer neuen Unterart. Salamandra 30(2): 119-142.

Böhme, W.; Koch, A. 2010. On the type selection and re-typification of two monitor lizard taxa (Squamata: Varanidae): Monitor bivittatus celebensis Schlegel, 1844 and Monitor kordensis Meyer, 1874; with some comments and corrections on other name-bearing type specimens. Zootaxa 2440: 60-68.

Böhme, W.; Koch, A.; Ziegler, T. 2016. Comment on the proposed conservation of Tupinambus [Tupinambis] indicus Daudin, 1832 (currently Varanus indicus; Reptilia, Squamata) by replacement of the neotype. (Case 3676). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 73(1): 55-58.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. Varanus melinus sp. n., ein neuer Waran aus der V. indicus-Gruppe von den Molukken, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(111): 26-34.

Cota, M. 2008. Varanus indicus and its presence on the Mariana Islands: natural geographic distribution vs. introduction. Biawak 2(1): 18-27.

Dryden, G.L. 1965. The food and feeding habits of Varanus indicus on Guam. Micronesica 2: 72-76.

Dunson, W.A. 1974. Salt gland secretion in a mangrove monitor. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (A) 47(4): 1245-1255.

Frydlova, P.; Hnizdo, J.; Velensky, P.; Simkova, O.; Cikanova, V.; Chylikova, L.; Frynta, D. 2013. Easy life of males? Indirect evidence that growth is easier than egg production in mangrove-dwelling monitor lizards (Varanus indicus). Acta Herpetologica 8(2): 105-113.

Frydlova, P.; Velensky, P.; Simkova, O.; Cikanova, V.; Hnizdo, J.; Rehak, I.; Frynta, D. 2011. Is body shape of mangrove-dwelling monitor lizards (Varanus indicus; Varanidae) sexually dimorphic? Amphibia-Reptilia 32(1): 27-37.

Frynta, D.; Frydlova, P.; Hnizdo, J.; Simkova, O.; Cikanova, V.; Velensky, P. 2010. Ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in monitor lizards: males grow for a longer period, but not at a faster rate. Zoological Science (Tokyo) 27(12): 917-923.

Fullbeck, J. 1947. Monitors in the Marshalls. Fauna (Philadelphia) 9: 122-124.

Gursky, S.L. 2007. The response of spectral tarsiers toward avian and terrestrial predators. pp. 241-252. In: Gursky, S.L.; Nekaris, K.A.I. (eds.). Primate anti-predator strategies. [Developments in Primatology]. Springer, New York. 393 pp.

Irwin, S.; Engle, K.; Mackness, B. 1996. Nocturnal nesting by captive varanid lizards. Herpetological Review 27(4): 192-194.

Kishida, K. 1929. A new monitor from the island of Saipan, South Sea Islands. Lansania Tokyo 1: 13-16.

Kok, R. 1995. Zur Haltung und Nachzucht des Pazifikwarans (Varanus indicus). Salamandra 31(3): 129-136.

McCoid, M.J.; Hensley, R.A. 1991. Mating and combat in Varanus indicus. Herpetological Review 22(1): 16-17.

McCoid, M.J.; Hensley, R.A.; Witteman, G.J. 1994. Factors on the decline of Varanus indicus on Guam, Mariana Islands. Herpetological Review 25(2): 60-61.

McCoid, M.J.; Witteman, G.J. 1993. Life history notes: Varanus indicus (Mangrove Monitor). Diet. Herpetological Review 24(3): 105.

Mertens, R. 1941. Zwei neue Warane des Australischen Faunengebietes. Senckenbergiana Biologica 23(4/6): 266-272.

Mertens, R. 1971. Über eine Waransammlung aus dem östlichen Neuguinea. Senckenbergiana Biologica 52: 1-5.

Philipp, K.M. 1999. Niche partitioning of Varanus doreanus, V. indicus and V. jobiensis in Irian Jaya: preliminary results. Mertensiella 11: 307-316.

Philipp, K.M.; Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1999. The identity of Varanus indicus: redefinition and description of a sibling species coexisting at the type locality (Sauria, Varanidae, Varanus indicus group). Spixiana 22(3): 273-287.

Philipp, K.M.; Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 2007. Preliminary investigations of the natural diet of six monitor lizard species of the Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) indicus group. Mertensiella 16: 336-345.

Polleck, R. 1979. Der Pazifik-Waran im Terrarium. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 32(8): 285-286.

Reed, R.N.; Morton, J.M.; Desy, G.E. 2000. Use of monofilament snare traps for capture of varanid lizards. Micronesica 33(1-2): 99-104.

Smith, J. 2004. Fish and company smell after three days: Increasing capture rates of carrion-eating varanid lizards. Herpetological Review 35(1): 41-43.

Smith, J.G.; Christian, K.; Green, B. 2008. Physiological ecology of the mangrove-dwelling varanid Varanus indicus. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 81(5): 561-569.

Smith, J.G.; Griffiths, A.D. 2009. Determinants of home range and activity in two semi-aquatic lizards. Journal of Zoology (London) 279(4): 349-357.

Sprackland, T.; Sprackland, R. 2000. A collection of translations of type descriptions of monitor lizard Varanus indicus and its allies (Reptilia: Varanidae). Lizard Biology 1(1): [www.curator.org/VMNH_Publications/MuseumJournals/Lizard_biology.htm].

Tenhu, H.; Schildger, B.; Kuchling, G.; Thompson, G. 1999. Ultrasonic examination and anatomy of monitors (Varanus gouldii, V. indicus and V. griseus) (Sauria: Varanidae). Mertensiella 11: 181-187.

Uchida, T.A. 1966. Observations on the monitor lizard, Varanus indicus (Daudin), as a rat-control agent on Ifaluk, western Caroline Islands. Bulletin Wld Hlth Org. 35: 976-980.

Uchida, T.A. 1967. Observations on the monitor lizard, Varanus indicus (Daudin), as a rat control agent on Ifaluk, western Caroline Islands. Micronesica 3: 17-18.

Weijola, V. 2015. Case 3676. Tupinambis indicus Daudin, 1802 (currently Varanus indicus; Reptilia, Squamata): proposed conservation of usage of the specific name by replacement of the neotype. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 72(2): 134-141.

Weijola, V.; Kraus, F.; Vahtera, V.; Lindqvist, C.; Donnellan, S.C. 2017. Reinstatement of Varanus douarrha Lesson, 1830 as a valid species with comments on the zoogeography of monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae) in the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Australian Journal of Zoology 64(6): 434-451.

Weijola, V.; Sweet, S.S. 2015. A single species of mangrove monitor (Varanus) occupies Ambon, Seram, Buru and Saparua, Moluccas, Indonesia. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 9(1): 14-23.

Wesiak, K. 1993. Über Haltung und Nachzucht von Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) indicus indicus (Daudin, 1802). Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 15(87): 21-25.

Wesiak, K. 2009. Terrarienhaltung und Erstnachzucht des Pazifikwarans Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) indicus (Daudin, 1802), mit einigen Bemerkungen zur Entwicklung der Jungtiere. Elaphe 17(1): 44-55.

Wikramanayake, E.D.; Dryden, G.L. 1988. The reproductive ecology of Varanus indicus on Guam. Herpetologica 44(3): 338-344.

Woods, I.G. 2007. Varanus indicus (mangrove monitor) Liapari Island. Biawak 1(2): 90.

Wostl, E.; Hinkle, T.J.; Lardner, B.; Reed, R.N. 2011. Natural history notes: Boiga irregularis (Brown Treesnake). Predation and diet. Herpetological Review 42(2): 282.

Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W.; Eidenmüller, B.; Philipp, K.M. 2001. A note on the coexistence of three species of Pacific monitor lizards in Australia (Sauria, Varanidae, Varanus indicus group). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 50(1-2): 27-30.

Ziegler, T.; Philipp, K.M.; Böhme, W. 1999. Zum Artstatus und zur Genitalmorphologie von Varanus finschi Bohme, Horn et Ziegler, 1994, mit neuen Verbreitungsangaben für V. finschi und V. doreanus (Meyer, 1874) (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 50(2): 267-279.

Ziegler, T.; Schmitz, A.; Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2007. A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups. Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.

Varanus insulanicus

Bedford, G.S.; Husband, G. 2003. Captive breeding of the lemon-throated monitor Varanus baritji. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 33(2): 105-108.

King, M.; Horner, P. 1987. A new species of monitor (Platynota: Reptilia) from northern Australia and a note on the status of Varanus acanthurus insulanicus Mertens. Beagle 4(1): 73-79.

Varanus jobiensis

Ahl, E. 1932. Eine neue Eidechse und zwei neue Frösche von der insel Jobi. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17(6): 892-899.

Bayless, M.K.; Dwyer, Q. 1997. Notes on the peach-throated monitor. Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 47: 26-30.

Böhme, W. 1991. New findings on the hemipenial morphology of monitor lizards and their systematic implications. Mertensiella 2: 42-49.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. Varanus melinus sp. n., ein neuer Waran aus der V. indicus-Gruppe von den Molukken, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(111): 26-34.

Engelmann, W.E.; Horn, H.G. 2003. Erstmalige Nachzucht von Karl-Schmidt's Waran, Varanus jobiensis, im Zoo Leipzig. Zoologische Garten 73(6): 353-358.

Horn, H.G. 1977. Notizen zu Systematik, Fundortangaben und Haltung von Varanus (Varanus) karlschmidti (Reptilia, Sauria, Varanidae). Salamandra 13(2): 78-88.

Kraus, F. 2013. Further range extensions for reptiles and amphibians from Papua New Guinea. Herpetological Review 44(2): 277-280.

Mertens, R. 1951. A new lizard of the genus Varanus from New Guinea. Fieldiana Zoology 31(43): 467-471.

Mertens, R. 1971. Über eine Waransammlung aus dem östlichen Neuguinea. Senckenbergiana Biologica 52: 1-5.

Philipp, K.M. 1999. Niche partitioning of Varanus doreanus, V. indicus and V. jobiensis in Irian Jaya: preliminary results. Mertensiella 11: 307-316.

Philipp, K.M.; Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 2007. Preliminary investigations of the natural diet of six monitor lizard species of the Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) indicus group. Mertensiella 16: 336-345.

Shea, G.; Allison, A.; Tallowin, O. 2016. Varanus jobiensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T178029A21647160. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T178029A21647160.en.

Stefani, M. 2008. Husbandry and reproduction of the peach-throated monitor Varanus jobiensis in captivity. Biawak 2(3): 124-130.

Ziegler, T.; Schmitz, A.; Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2007. A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups. Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.

Varanus juxtindicus

Böhme, W.; Philipp, K.; Ziegler, T. 2002. Another new member of the Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) indicus group (Sauria, Varanidae): an undescribed species from Rennell Island, Solomon Islands. Salamandra 38(1): 15-26.

Harlow, P.; McCoy, M. 2013. Varanus juxtindicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T196661A2471949. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T196661A2471949.en.

Soler, J.; Martínez-Silvestre, A. 2013. Feral monitor lizards (Varanus spp.) in Catalonia, Spain: an increasing phenomenon. Biawak 7(1): 21-24.

Wesiak, K.; Koch, A. 2009. Successful husbandry and first breeding of Varanus juxtindicus Boehme et al., 2002, with remarks on the development of juveniles of this "rarely-kept" endemic Solomon monitor species. Biawak 3(4): 106-121.

Ziegler, T.; Schmitz, A.; Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2007. A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups. Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.

Varanus keithhornei

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. Varanus melinus sp. n., ein neuer Waran aus der V. indicus-Gruppe von den Molukken, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(111): 26-34.

Cogger, H.G. 1999. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific name of Varanus teriae Sprackland, 1991 (Reptilia, Squamata). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(4): 272-273.

Covacevich, J.A.; Couper, P. 1998. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific name of Varanus teriae Sprackland, 1991 (Reptilia, Squamata). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(1): 37-38.

Eidenmüller, B.; Koch, A.; Köhler, J.; Wicker, R. 2017. New findings on the relationships among New Guinea tree monitor lizards of the Varanus prasinus (SCHLEGEL, 1839) complex (Squamata: Sauria: Varanidae). Herpetozoa 30(1-2): 9-20.

Holthuis, L.B. 1997. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific name of Varanus teriae Sprackland, 1991 (Reptilia, Squamata). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 54(4): 250.

Hoser, R. 1998. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific name of Varanus teriae Sprackland, 1991 (Reptilia, Squamata). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(2): 113-114.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2001. Opinion 1970 (Case 3043). Odatria keithhornei Wells & Wellington, 1985 (Reptilia, Squamata): specific name placed on the Official List. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 58(1): 74-75.

Irwin, S. 1994. Notes on behaviour and diet of Varanus teriae Sprackland, 1991. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 35(1): 128.

Irwin, S.; Engle, K.; Mackness, B. 1996. Nocturnal nesting by captive varanid lizards. Herpetological Review 27(4): 192-194.

Shea, G. 1998. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific name of Varanus teriae Sprackland, 1991 (Reptilia, Squamata). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(1): 38-39.

Sprackland, R.G. 1991. Taxonomic review of the Varanus prasinus group with descriptions of two new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30(3): 561-576.

Sprackland, R.G.; Smith, H.M.; Strimple, P. 1997. Case 3043. Varanus teriae Sprackland, 1991 (Reptilia, Squamata): proposed conservation of the specific name. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 54(2): 100-103.

Sprackland, R.G.; Smith, H.M.; Strimple, P. 1997. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific name of Varanus teriae Sprackland, 1991 (Reptilia, Squamata). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 54(4): 250-251.

Sprackland, R.G.; Smith, H.M.; Strimple, P. 1999. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific name of Varanus teriae Sprackland, 1991 (Reptilia, Squamata). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(4): 273-274.

Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 1998. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific name of Varanus teriae Sprackland, 1991 (Reptilia, Squamata). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(2): 111-113.

Varanus kingorum

Eidenmüller, B. 1999. Haltung und Nachzucht von King's Felsenwaran, Varanus kingorum Storr, 1980. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 21(121): 19-23.

Eidenmüller, B. 2003. Haltung und kontinuierliche Vermehrung von Kings Felsenwaran, Varanus kingorum Storr 1980, mit der erstmaligen Nachzucht eines albinotischen Jungtieres. Reptilia (D) 8(43): 36-40.

Patanant, K.C. 2012. Heads you lose, tails you win: notes on a tail-assisted foraging behavior in Varanus (Odatria) kingorum. Biawak 6(2): 74-77.

Retes, F.; Bennett, D. 2001. Multiple generations, multiple clutches, and early maturity in four species of monitor lizards (Varanidae) bred in captivity. Herpetological Review 32(4): 244-245.

Shea, G.; Cogger, H.; Woinarski, J. 2018. Varanus kingorum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83778181A101752335. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83778181A101752335.en.

Storr, G.M. 1980. The monitor lizards (genus Varanus Merrem, 1820) of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 8(2): 237-293.

Vitt, R. 2013. Zur Inkubation von Gelegen von Varanus kingorum, Kings Zwergwaran. Reptilia (D) 18(99): 66-67.

Varanus komodoensis

Anonymous. 1968. Komodo dragons breed in captivity. New Scientist 40: 352.

Anonymous. 1969. Komodo-Waran. Naturw. Rdsch. Stutt. 22: 314-315.

Anonymous. 1969. Off to Komodo to study monitors. Animal Kingdom 72: 29.

Anonymous. 1974. Komodo dragon. Largest living lizard. Zoonooz 47(4): 12-13.

Anonymous. 1988. [Komodo dragons (Varanidae)]. (In Bulgarian). Priroda (Sofia) 1988(2): 111.

Anonymous. 2012. Early Accounts of Komodo Dragons. Biawak 6(2): 88.

Areste, M. 2010. The new habitat for Komodo dragons at Barcelona Zoo. IZN International Zoo News 57(7)(384): 415-422.

Ariefiandy, A.; Purwandana, D.; Coulson, G.; Forsyth, D.M.; Jessop, T.S. 2013. Monitoring the ungulate prey of the Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis: distance sampling or faecal counts. Wildlife Biology 19(2): 126-137.

Ariefiandy, A.; Purwandana, D.; Natali, C.; Imansyah, M.J.; Surahman, M.; Jessop, T.S.; Ciofi, C. 2015. Conservation of Komodo dragons Varanus komodoensis in the Wae Wuul nature reserve, Flores, Indonesia: a multidisciplinary approach. pp. 67–80. In: Zoological Society of London (ed.). International Zoo Yearbook. Vol. 49. Reptile Conservation. Zoological Society of London, London. 442 pp.

Ariefiandy, A.; Purwandana, D.; Seno, A.; Chrismiawati, M.; Jessop, T.S.; Ciofi, C. 2014. Evaluation of three field monitoring-density estimation protocols and their relevance to Komodo dragon conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation 23(10): 2473-2490.

Ariefiandy, A.; Purwandana, D.; Seno, A.; Ciofi, C.; Jessop, T.S. 2013. Can camera traps monitor Komodo Dragons a large ectothermic predator. PLoS ONE 8(3): 1-8.

Arnett, J.R. 1994. Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) (Owens). American Zoo and Aquarium Association Regional Conference Proceedings 1994: 5-8.

Attenborough, D. 1957. Zoo quest for a dragon. Lutterworth Press, London. 157 pp.

Auffenberg, K.; Auffenberg, W. 2002. Introduction: the past to now. pp. 1-19. In: Murphy, J.B.; Ciofi, C.; Panouse, C. de la; Walsh, T. (eds.). Komodo dragons: biology and conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington & London. 268 pp.

Auffenberg, W. 1970. A day with number 19. Report on a study of the Komodo monitor. Animal Kingdom 73(6): 18-23.

Auffenberg, W. 1972. Komodo dragons. Natural History (New York) 81(4): 52-59.

Auffenberg, W. 1978. Social and feeding behavior in Varanus komodoensis. pp. 301-336. In: Greenberg, N. & MacLean, P.D. (eds.). Behaviour and neurology of lizards: an interdisciplinary colloquium. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. National Institute of Mental Health. Rockville, Maryland. 352 pp.

Auffenberg, W. 1981. The behavioural ecology of the Komodo monitor. University Presses of Europe, Gainesville. 406 pp.

Auffenberg, W. 1995. The behavioral ecology of the Komodo monitor. Demography. pp. 143-165. In: IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Komodo monitor Varanus komodoensis: population and habitat viability assessment (PHVA), 4-7 December 1995 Bogor, Indonesia. Briefing book. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, Minnesota. 323 pp.

Auffenberg, W. 1995. The behavioral ecology of the Komodo monitor. Ecology. pp. 47-75. In: IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Komodo monitor Varanus komodoensis: population and habitat viability assessment (PHVA), 4-7 December 1995 Bogor, Indonesia. Briefing book. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, Minnesota. 323 pp.

Auffenberg, W. 1995. The behavioral ecology of the Komodo monitor. Relationships in time and space. pp. 36-46. In: IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Komodo monitor Varanus komodoensis: population and habitat viability assessment (PHVA), 4-7 December 1995 Bogor, Indonesia. Briefing book. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, Minnesota. 323 pp.

Auffenberg, W. 1995. The behavioral ecology of the Komodo monitor. Reproduction. pp. 166-191. In: IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Komodo monitor Varanus komodoensis: population and habitat viability assessment (PHVA), 4-7 December 1995 Bogor, Indonesia. Briefing book. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, Minnesota. 323 pp.

Bekiares, N.A. 1999. Komodo dragons in captivity: a century of progress. American Zoo and Aquarium Association Annual Conference Proceedings 1999: 375.

Belterman, R.; Visser, G. (eds.) 2005. Komodo Dragon studbook Varanus komodoensis. Europe regional EAZA - EEP. Rotterdam Zoo, Rotterdam. 5 pp.

Benirschke, K. 1975. A 'pair' of komodos. Zoonooz 48(7): 12.

Benirschke, K. 1975. 'Ora' follow-up. Zoonooz 48(12): 9.

Benirschke, K.; Kumamoto, A. 1981. At last - the chromosomes of the Komodo dragon. Zoonooz 54(8): 16.

Bergh, W.V. den 1959. Notre Société possède à nouveau des varans de Komodo. Zoo (Antwerp) 24: 75-78.

Brongersma, L.D. 1932. Über die Eiablage und die Eier von Varanus komodoensis Ouwens. Zoologische Garten N.F. (Leipzig) 5(1/3): 45-48.

Broughton, M. 1936. A modern dragon hunt on Komodo. National Geographic Magazine 70(32): 321-331.

Bull, J.J.; Jessop, T.S.; Whiteley, M. 2010. Deathly drool: evolutionary and ecological basis of septic bacteria in Komodo Dragon mouths. PLoS ONE 5(6): e11097, 1-7.

Burden, W.D. 1927. Dragon lizards of Komodo. Putnam Sons, New York. 221 pp.

Burden, W.D. 1927. Stalking the dragon lizard on the island of Komodo. National Geographic 52(2): 216-233.

Burden, W.D. 1927. The quest for the dragon of Komodo. Natural History (New York) 27(1): 3-18.

Burden, W.D. 1928. Results of the Douglas Burden Expedition to the island of Komodo. 5. Observations on the habits and distribution of Varanus komodoensis Ouwens. American Museum Novitates 316: 1-10.

Burghardt, G.M.; Chiszar, D.; Murphy, J.B.; Romano, J.; Walsh, T.; Manrod, J. 2002. Behavioral complexity, behavioral development and play. pp. 78-117. In: Murphy, J.B.; Ciofi, C.; Panouse, C. de la; Walsh, T. (eds.). Komodo dragons: biology and conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington & London. 268 pp.

Busono, B. 1974. Facts about the Varanus komodoensis at the Gembiro Loka Zoo at Yogyakarta. Zoologische Garten (Leipzig) 44: 62-63.

Chiszar, D.; Krauss, S.; Shipley, B.; Trout, T.; Smith, H.M. 2009. Response of hatchling Komodo Dragons (Varanus komodoensis) at Denver Zoo to visual and chemical cues arising from prey. Zoo Biology 28(1): 29-34.

Ciofi, C. 1997. The Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis. pp. 346-349. In: Monk, K.A.; de Fretes, Y. & Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. The ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 966 pp.

Ciofi, C. 1999. The Komodo dragon. Scientific American 280(3): 64-71.

Ciofi, C. 2002. Conservation genetics. pp. 129-164. In: Murphy, J.B.; Ciofi, C.; Panouse, C. de la; Walsh, T. (eds.). Komodo dragons: biology and conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington & London. 268 pp.

Ciofi, C.; Beaumont, M.A.; Swingland, I.R.; Bruford, M.W. 1999. Genetic divergence and units for conservation in the Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis. Proceedings Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 266(1435): 2269-2274.

Ciofi, C.; Boer, M.E. de 2004. Distribution and conservation of the Komodo monitor (Varanus komodoensis). Herpetological Journal 14(2): 99-107.

Ciofi, C.; Puswati, J.; Winana, D.; Boer, M.E. de; Chelazzi, G.; Sastrawan, P. 2007. Preliminary analysis of home range structure in the Komodo monitor, Varanus komodoensis. Copeia 2007(2): 462-470.

Ciofi, C.; Smith, B.R.; Hutchins, M. 2002. Conservation: in situ and ex situ contributions. pp. 211-230. In: Murphy, J.B.; Ciofi, C.; Panouse, C. de la; Walsh, T. (eds.). Komodo dragons: biology and conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington & London. 268 pp.

Cochran, D.M. 1944. Dangerous reptiles (popular). Rep. Smithson. Instn. 1943: 275-325.

Cochrane, J. 1991. Komodo National Park. pp. 274-275. In: Bernard, H.U. & Brooke, M. (eds.). South East Asia Wildlife. APA Publications (UK). Place of publication unknown. 430 pp.

Collins, P. 1956. My "Komodo Dragon" circus. Animal Kingdom 59(2): 34-42.

Condie, T.; Monseur, P. 1997. Komodo dragons at Miami Metrozoo (Varanus komodoensis). Animal Keepers' Forum 24(8): 353-356.

Crump, M. 2010. Mysteries of the Komodo Dragon – The Biggest, deadliest Lizard gives up its secrets. Boyds Mills Press, Honesdale, Pennsylvania. 40 pp.

D'Amore, D.C.; Blumenschine, R.J. 2009. Komodo monitor (Varanus komodoensis) feeding behavior and dental function reflected through tooth marks on bone surfaces, and the application to ziphodont paleobiology. Paleobiology 35(4): 525-552.

D'Amore, D.C.; Moreno, K.; McHenry, C.R.; Wroe, S. 2011. The effects of biting and pulling on the forces generated during feeding in the Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis). PLoS ONE 6(10): e26226, 1-8.

Darevsky, I.S. 1963. Zu Besuch bei den Komodo waranen. Aquarien Terrarien 10(1): 65-80.

Darevsky, I.S.; Auffenberg, W. 1973. Growth records of wild, recaptured Komodo monitors (Varanus komodoensis). HISS News Journal 1(2): 41-42.

Darevsky, I.S.; Kadarsan, S. 1964. [On the biology of the giant Indonesian monitor lizard (Varanus komodoensis) Ouwens]. (In Russian, English summary). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 43(9): 1355-1360. (Translated in Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 2: 1-6 [1965]).

Darevsky, I.S.; Stusak, I.M. 1968. [A case of recapture of Varanus komodoensis on Komodo Island marked in 1962 by the Indonesian-Soviet zoological expedition]. (In Russian, English summary). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 47(7): 1106-1108.

Delsman, H.C. 1927. Nog este over de varanen von Komodo. De Tropische Natuur 16: 26-28.

Ditmars, R.L. 1934. The giant monitors of Komodo. Bulletin of the New York Zoological Society 37: 67-68.

Dunn, E.R. 1927. Results of the Douglas Burden Expedition to the Island of Komodo. 1. Notes on Varanus komodoensis. American Museum Novitates 286: 1-10.

Dunton, S. 1955. Komodo monitors. Animal Kingdom 58: 110.

Eglis, A. 1962. A postscript to "the Komodo Dragon". Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 10(2/3): 10.

Ellis, C. 1997. The Land of the Komodo Dragon. Times Editions, Singapore. 119 pp.

Ellis, C. 1998. The land of the Komodo dragon. Times Editions, Singapore. 119 pp.

Farlow, J.O. 1983. Dragons and dinosaurs. Paleobiology 9(3): 207-210.

Fleming, G.J. 1997. Husbandry and medical management of Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) at the White Oak Conservation Centre. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Association of Reptilian & Amphibian Veterinarians 4: 15-22.

Forcelli, D.A. 1987. Dragon de Komodo. En Peligro de Extincion 1(2): 2 pp.

Forth, G. 2010. Folk knowledge and distribution of the Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis) on Flores Island. Journal of Ethnobiology 30(2): 289-307.

Fry, B.G.; Wroe, S.; Teeuwisse, W.; Osch, M.J.P. van; Moreno, K.; Ingle, J.; McHenry, C.; Ferrara, T.; Clausen, P.; Scheib, H.; Winter, K.L.; Greisman, L.; Roelants, K.; Weerd, L. van der 2009. A central role for venom in predation by Varanus komodoensis (Komodo Dragon) and the extinct giant Varanus (Megalania) priscus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106(22): 8969-8974.

Galstaun, B. 1973. Eiablagen des Komodowarans (Varanus komodoensis) im Zoologischen und Botanischen Garten Jakarta. Zoologische Garten N.F. (Leipzig) 43(2/3): 136-139.

Green, B.; King, D.; Braysher, M.; Saim, A. 1991. Thermoregulation, water turnover and energetics of free-living komodo dragons, Varanus komodoensis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Comparative Physiology 99(1-2): 97-101.

Gregory, W.K. 1934. Whence came the "Dragons of Komodo". Bulletin of the New York Zoological Society 37: 68-74.

Gunther, A. 1992. Auf den Inseln der Komodo-Drachen. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 45(3): 194-197.

Halverson, J.; Spelman, L.H. 2002. Sex determination and its role in management. pp. 165-177. In: Murphy, J.B.; Ciofi, C.; Panouse, C. de la; Walsh, T. (eds.). Komodo dragons: biology and conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington & London. 268 pp.

Hansen, K. 1984. [A dead goat is the prize for the Komodo dragon. The world's largest reptile can mean a very dangerous encounter]. (In Danish). Kaskelot 61: 18-24.

Harlow, H.J.; Purwandana, D.; Jessop, T.S.; Phillips, J.A. 2010. Body temperature and thermoregulation of Komodo dragons in the field. Journal of Thermal Biology 35(7): 338-347.

Harlow, H.J.; Purwandana, D.; Jessop, T.S.; Phillips, J.A. 2010. Size-related differences in thermoregulatory habits of free-ranging komodo dragons. International Journal of Zoology (Article 921371): 1-9.

Hedrick, P.W. 2007. Virgin birth, genetic variation and inbreeding. Biology Letters 3(6): 715-716.

Heimpel, H. 1974. Die Drachen von Komodo. Kosmos (Stuttgart) 70(12): 522-524.

Herndon, D. 2001. Pedicure for a dragon. Animal Keepers' Forum 28(7): 293-294.

Hien, P. 2003. Erster photographischer Nachweis von ungewöhnlich gefaerbten Varanus komodoensis (Ouwens, 1912) bei Riung, Flores, Indonesien. Sauria (Berlin) 25(1): 3-9.

Hildebrandt, T.B.; Goritz, F.; Pitra, C.; Spelman, L.H.; Walsh, T.A.; Rosscoe, R.; Pratt, N.C. 1996. Sonomorphological sex determination in subadult Komodo dragons. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Annual Conference Proceedings 1996: 251-254.

Hisada, H. 1966. Komodo dragon lays eggs. Anim. in Zoos 18: 259.

Hocknull, S.A.; Piper, P.J.; Bergh, G.D. van den; Due, R.A.; Morwood, M.J.; Kurniawan, I. 2009. Dragon's paradise lost: palaeobiogeography, evolution and extinction of the largest-ever terrestrial lizards (Varanidae). PLoS ONE 4(9): e7241, 1-15.

Hoogerwerf, A. 1948. Enkele waarnemingen bij jonge Komodo-Varanen (Varanus komodoensis Ouwens) in den gevangen staat van eistadium bij dize Reptilien. Chron. Nat. 104(2): 33-42.

Hoogerwerf, A. 1955. Varanus komodoensis Uittreksel uit een rapport. Nederland. Commissie Internat. Natuurbescherming Mededelingen 15: 1-8.

Hoogerwerf, A. 1955. Varanus komodoensis. Neth. Commissie voor Intl. Natuurbeschrming 15: 47-54.

Hoogerwerf, A. 1958. The Indonesian giant [V. komodoensis]. Natural History (New York) 67: 136-141.

Horn, H.G. 1985. Beiträge zum Verhalten von Waranen: die Ritualkämpfe von Varanus komodoensis Ouwens, 1912 und V. semiremex Peters, 1869 sowie die Imponierphasen der Ritualkämpfe von V. timorensis timorensis (Gray, 1831) und V. t. similis Mertens, 1958 (Sauria: Varanidae) Salamandra 21(2-3): 169-179.

Horst, O. 1926. Varanus komodoensis. De Tropische Natuur 15: 118-121.

Hudson, R. 1995. The AZA Regional Collection Plan for large lizards: the need for space. American Zoo and Aquarium Association Regional Conference Proceedings 1995: 275-280.

Hyde, E.R.; Navas-Molina, J.A.; Song, S.J.; Ackermann, G.; Humphrey, G.; Boyer, D.; Weaver, T.; Mendelson, J.R.; Knight, R. 2016. The captive Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis Ouwens, 1912) microbiome: Novel taxa, inter-zoo variation, and comparison to other reptiles. Pp. 199-219. In: Cota, M. (ed.). Proceedings of the 2015 Interdisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand. 247 pp.

Imansyah, M.J.; Jessop, T.S.; Ciofi, C.; Akbar, Z. 2008. Ontogenetic differences in the spatial ecology of immature Komodo Dragons. Journal of Zoology (London) 274(2): 107-115.

Imansyah, M.J.; Jessop, T.S.; Sumner, J.; Purwandana, D.; Ariefiandy, A.; Seno, A. 2009. Distribution, seasonal use, and predation of incubation mounds of orange-footed scrubfowl on Komodo Island, Indonesia. Journal of Field Ornithology 80(2): 119-126.

IUCN Species Survival Committee. Captive Breeding Specialist Group. 1995. The IUCN policy statement on captive breeding. 9 pp. (Unpaginated. Separate section: Section 10). In: IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Komodo monitor Varanus komodoensis: population and habitat viability assessment (PHVA), 4-7 December 1995 Bogor, Indonesia. Briefing book. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, Minnesota. 323 pp.

IUCN Species Survival Committee. Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. 1995. Komodo monitor Varanus komodoensis: population and habitat viability assessment (PHVA), 4-7 December 1995 Bogor, Indonesia. Briefing book. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, MN. 323 pp.

IUCN World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1996. Varanus komodoensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996: e.T22884A9396736. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T22884A9396736.en.

Jessop, T.S.; Madsen, T.; Ciofi, C.; Imansyah, M.J.; Purwandana, D.; Rudiharto, H.; Arifiandy, A.; Phillips, J.A. 2007. Island differences in population size structure and catch per unit effort and their conservation implications for Komodo Dragons. Biological Conservation 135(2): 247-255.

Jessop, T.S.; Madsen, T.; Sumner, J.; Rudiharto, H.; Phillips, J.A.; Ciofi, C. 2006. Maximum body size among insular Komodo Dragon populations covaries with large prey density. Oikos 112(2): 422-429.

Jessop, T.S.; Sahu, A.; Opat, D. 2008. Natural history notes: Varanus komodoensis (Komodo Dragon). Occurrence. Herpetological Review 39(1): 95-96.

Jessop, T.S.; Sumner, J.; Rudiharto, H.; Purwandana, D.; Imansyah, M.J.; Phillips, J.A. 2004. Distribution, use and selection of nest type by Komodo Dragons. Biological Conservation 117(5): 463-470.

Jong, J.K. de 1927. Varanus komodoensis Ouwens. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 9) 19: 589-591.

Jong, J.K. de 1937. Een en ander over Varanus komodoensis Ouwens. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch Indie 97(8): 173-209.

Jong, J.K. de 1944. Newly hatched Varanus komodoensis. Treubia 18: 143-145.

Jong, J.K. de 2012. Newly hatched Varanus komodoensis. Biawak 6(2): 93-94.

Jong, J.K. de; Brongersma, L.D. 1927. Die Bewegungen im Schädel von Varanus komodoensis. In: de Jong, J.K. (ed.). Anatomische Notizen über Varanus komodoensis Ouwens. Zoologischer Anzeiger 70: 65-69.

Judd, H.L.; Bacon, J.P.; Rüedi, D.; Girard, J.; Benirschke, K. 1977. Determination of sex in the Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis. International Zoo Yearbook (London) 17: 208-209.

Judd, H.L.; Bacon, J.P.; Ruedi, D.; Girard, J.; Benirschke, K. 1995. Sex determination. Determination of sex in the Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis. pp. 208-209. In: IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Komodo monitor Varanus komodoensis: population and habitat viability assessment (PHVA), 4-7 December 1995 Bogor, Indonesia. Briefing book. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, Minnesota. 323 pp.

Kern, J.A. 1968. Dragon lizards of Komodo. National Geographic 134(6): 872-880.

King, F.W. 1968. Ora - giants of Komodo. Animal Kingdom 71(4): 2-9.

King, F.W. 1969. The giant lizards of Komodo. Nat. & Sci. 7(1): 5-7.

Kother, G.; Dempsey, S. 2011. Man v. dragon. Ratel 38(1): 5-6.

Lallemont, G.F.M.A. 1929. De Reuzen Leguaan (Varanus komodoensis) op de eilanden Komodo en Rintja. De Tropische Natuur 18(8): 125-128.

Lange, J. 1989. Observations on the Komodo monitors Varanus komodoensis in the Zoo-Aquarium Berlin. International Zoo Yearbook 28: 151-153.

Lange, J. 1991. Drei Komodowarane im Zoo-Aquarium Berlin. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 44(10): 656-659.

Lederer, G. 1942. Der Drachenwarane (Varanus komodoensis Ouwens). Zoologische Garten N.F. 14(5/6): 227-244.

Lemm, J.M.; Edwards, M.S.; Grant, T.D.; Alberts, A.C. 2004. Comparison of growth and nutritional status of juvenile Komodo monitors (Varanus komodoensis) maintained on rodent or poultry-based diets. Zoo Biology 23(3): 239-252.

Lincoln, G.A. 1974. Predation of incubator birds (Megapodius freycineti) by Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis). Journal of Zoology (London) 174(3): 419-428.

Lisle, H.F. de 2007. Varanid attacks. Biawak 1(2): 58.

Lönnberg, E. 1928. Notes on Varanus komodoensis Ouwens and its affinities. Arkiv för Zoologi (Stockholm) 19A(27): 1-11.

Lutz, D.; Lutz, J.M. 1991. Komodo: the living dragon. Dimi Press, Salem, Oregon. 174 pp.

Lutz, D.; Lutz, J.M. 1997. Komodo: The Living Dragon. Dimi Press, Salem, Oregon. 194 pp.

Maleev, E.A.; Darevsky, I.S. 1963. The dragons of the Komodo Islands. Priroda (Moscow) 3: 24-35.

Maleyev, Y. 1962. The Komodo dragon. Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 10(1): 32-34.

Maleyev, Y.; Darevsky, I.S. 1963. [Dragons of Komodo]. (In Russian). Priroda (Moscow) 3: 24-25.

Manion, S. 1968. Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis. Herpetology 2(3): 18.

McNab, B.K. 1971. Temperature regulation in the Komodo dragon. American Philosophical Society Yearbook 1971: 335-336.

McNab, B.K.; Auffenberg, W. 1976. The effect of large body size on the temperature regulation of the Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (A) 55(4): 345-350.

Mendyk, R.W. 2015. Life expectancy and longevity of varanid lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) in North American zoos. Zoo Biology 34(2): 139-152.

Mertens, R. 1946. Über den Komodo-Waran Berliner Aquarium, besonders seinen Schädel. Senckenbergiana (Frankfurt) 27: 153-157.

Mertens, R. 1948. Über den Komodo-Waran des Berliner "Aquariums" besonders seinen Schädel. Senckenbergiana 28(4-6): 153-167.

Mielcarek, R. 1992. [Komodo - the country of dragons]. (In Polish, English summary). Lubuski Przeglad Przyrodniczy 3(4): 32-36.

Montgomery, J.M.; Gillespie, D.; Sastrawan, P.; Fredeking, T.M.; Stewart, G.L. 2002. Aerobic salivary bacteria in wild and captive Komodo Dragons. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38(3): 545-551.

Moreno, K.; Wroe, S.; Clausen, P.; McHenry, C.; D'Amore, D.C.; Rayfield, E.J.; Cunningham, E. 2008. Cranial performance in the Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis) as revealed by high-resolution 3-D finite element analysis. Journal of Anatomy 212(6): 736-746.

Morris, P.J.; Jackintell, L.A.; Alberts, A.C. 1996. Predicting the gender of subadult komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) using two-dimensional ultrasound imaging and plasma testosterone concentration. Zoo Biology 15: 341-348.

Mortelmans, J.; Vercruysse, J. 1964. Le problème des varans de Komodo. Zoo (Antwerp) 30: 113-115.

Murphy, J.B.; Ciofi, C.; Panouse, C. de la; Walsh, T. (eds.). 2002. Komodo Dragons: biology and conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington & London. 268 pp.

Murphy, J.B.; Walsh, T. 2006. Dragons and humans. Herpetological Review 37(3): 269-275.

Oesman, H. 1970. Collecting little giants. Animals 13: 158-161.

Osman, H. 1967. A note on the breeding behaviour of the Komodo dragons Varanus komodoensis at Jogjakarta Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook (London) 7(1): 181.

Ouwens, P.A. 1912. On a large Varanus species from the island of Komodo. Bulletin Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 6(2): 1-3.

Ouwens, P.A. 2012. On a large Varanus species from the island of Komodo. Biawak 6(2): 89-90.

Padian, K.; Olsen, P.E. 1984. Footprints of the Komodo monitor and the trackways of fossil reptiles. Copeia 1984(3): 662-671.

Parker, H.W. 1946. The dragon of Komodo. Zoo Life 1: 85-87.

Pether, J.; Visser, G. 2007. The first breeding of Komodo Dragons as a result of the European endangered species breeding programme (E.E.P.). Mertensiella 16: 430-440.

Pfeffer, P. 1959. Observations sur le varan de Komodo (Varanus komodoensis Ouwens, 1912). La Terre et la Vie (Paris) 106(2/3): 195-243.

Philipp, W. 2010. 'Max' und 'Moritz'. Eine ungewöhnliche Geschichte aus dem Aquarium. Bongo 40: 81-84.

Procter, J.B. 1929. On a living Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis Ouwens exhibited at the scientific meeting, October 23, 1928. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1929: 1017-1019.

Puntorini; Mulyana; Ginarhayu; Triana 1995. Captive breeding and hand-rearing the Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis at Ragunan Zoo. pp. 1-4. In: IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Komodo monitor Varanus komodoensis: population and habitat viability assessment (PHVA), 4-7 December 1995 Bogor, Indonesia. Briefing book. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, Minnesota. 323 pp.

Purwandana, D.; Ariefiandy, A.; Jeri, I.M.; Heru, R.; Seno, A.; Ciofi, C.; Fordham, D.A.; Jessop, T.S. 2014. Demographic status of Komodo dragons populations in Komodo National Park. Biological Conservation 171: 29-35.

Purwandana, D.; Ariefiandy, A.; Jeri, I.M.; Seno, A.; Ciofi, C.; Letnic, M.; Jessop, T.S. 2016. Ecological allometries and niche use dynamics across Komodo Dragon ontogeny. Science of Nature 103(3-4): 27.

Recchio, I.; Kasielke, S. 2017. Successful blood collection technique for sex determination of incubating Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis) eggs at the Los Angeles Zoo. Herpetological Review 48(2): 366-368.

Robinson, A.H.; Bari, A. 1995. Komodo National Park: progress and problems. 4 pp. (Unpaginated. Separate section: Section 9. Reprinted from: Parks 7(2)[1982]). In: IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Komodo monitor Varanus komodoensis: population and habitat viability assessment (PHVA), 4-7 December 1995 Bogor, Indonesia. Briefing book. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, Minnesota. 323 pp.

Rookmaaker, L.C. 1975. The history of some komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) captured on Rintja in 1927. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 49(6): 65-71.

Rothschild, Lord 1927. The giant monitor lizard. Field (London) 149(3865): 115.

Ruempler, G. 1992. Auf den Spuren der letzten Drachen - zu Bezuch bei den Riesenwaranen der Insel Komodo. Zeitschrift des Kölner Zoo 35(4): 139-150.

Russell, J. 1974. The largest lizard in the world. Wildlife, Wld. Conserv Yb. 1974: 88-95.

Sachs, W.B. 1927. Neues und Zusammengefassten vom Riesenwaran der Komodo Inseln, Varanus komodoensis Ouwens. Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde 38(22): 450-456.

Sastrawan, P.; Ciofi, C. 2002. Population distribution and home range. pp. 42-77. In: Murphy, J.B.; Ciofi, C.; Panouse, C. de la; Walsh, T. (eds.). Komodo dragons: biology and conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington & London. 268 pp.

Schauenberg, P. 1974. Le varan de Komodo. Revue Mens. Mus. Genève 142: 13-16.

Shaw, C.E. 1963. Dragons big and bold. Zoonooz 36(10): 3-7.

Studer, P. 1971. Experiences in rearing Komodo dragons (Abstract). Herpetological Review 3(2): 32.

Sunter, G. 2008. Management and reproduction of the Komodo Dragon Varanus komodoensis Ouwens 1912 at ZSL London Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 42: 172-182.

Suzuki, N.; Hamada, T. 1992. Quadruped function of the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) in a wild habitat. Scientific Papers of the College of Arts and Sciences University of Tokyo 42(1): 79-94.

Suzuki, N.; Igarashi, K.; Hamada, T. 1991. Bipedal standing facility of Varanus komodoensis (Reptilia) in a wild habitat. Scientific Papers of the College of Arts and Sciences University of Tokyo 41(2): 95-105.

Taenzer, E.L.; Heurn, W.C. van 2012. Observations made by EL Tanzer and JHR. WC van Heurn with references to the propagation of the Varanus komodoensis OUW. Biawak 6(2): 91-93.

Tanzer, E.L.; Heurn, W.C. van 1938. Observations made on the propogation of the Varanus komodoensis Ouw. Treubia 16(3): 365-368.

Thomas, L. 1987. Mangel på hunner truer vor største øgle [Scarcity of females threatens our largest lizard]. Illustreret Videnskab 1987(12): 44-47.

Ujvári, B.; Mun, H.C.; Conigrave, A.D.; Ciofi, C.; Madsen, T. 2014. Invasive toxic prey may imperil the survival of an iconic giant lizard, the Komodo Dragon. Pacific Conservation Biology 20(4): 363-365.

Vega, I. 2006. Dragon de Komodo: el mayor de los lagartos. Quercus 243: 46-50.

Visser, G.; Bijhold, S.; Koore, J. van der 2009. A third captive generation of Komodo Dragons (Varanus komodoensis) at Rotterdam Zoo, the Netherlands. Biawak 3(2): 57-60.

Voogd, C.N.A. de 1939. Naar de Varanen von Komodo. 3. Jaren Indisch Natuur Leven, Nederlandsch Indosche Vareniging tat Natuurbescheming. pp. 304-309. Batavia.

Voogd, C.N.A. de 1950. Naar de Varanen van Komodo. De Tropische Natuur 30: 128.

Walpole, M.J. 2001. Feeding dragons in Komodo National Park: a tourism tool with conservation complications. Animal Conservation 4(1): 67-73.

Walsh, T.; Chiszar, D.; Birchard, G.F.; Tirtodiningrat, K.M.T.A. 2002. Captive management and growth. pp. 178-195. In: Murphy, J.B.; Ciofi, C.; Panouse, C. de la; Walsh, T. (eds.). Komodo dragons: biology and conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington & London. 268 pp.

Walsh, T.; Chiszar, D.; Wikramanayake, E.; Smith, H.M.; Murphy, J.B. 1999. The thermal biology of captive and free ranging wild Komodo dragons, Varanus komodoensis (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Mertensiella 11: 239-246.

Walsh, T.; Rosscoe, R. 1993. Komodo monitors hatch at the National Zoo. Vivarium (Lakeside) 4(5): 13.

Walsh, T.; Rosscoe, R.; Birchard, G.F. 1993. Dragon tales. The history, husbandry, and breeding of Komodo monitors at the National Zoological Park. Vivarium (Lakeside) 4(6): 23-26.

Walsh, T.; Rosscoe, R.; Murphy, J.B. 1998. 21st century conservation of the Komodo dragon. A lost world relic in modern times. Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 55: 48-55.

Watts, P.C.; Buley, K.R.; Boardman, W.; Ciofi, C.; Gibson, R. 2006. Parthenogenesis in Komodo Dragons. Nature (London) 444(7122): 1021-1022.

Whittaker, G.; Whittaker, M.; Coe, J. 2005. Prototyping naturalistic enrichment features: a case study. pp. 60-70. In: Clum, N.; Silver, S.; Thomas, P. (eds.). Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Environmental Enrichment, 31 July - 5 August 2005, New York, USA. Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx. 360 pp.

Wikramanayake, E.D.; Ridwan, W.; Marcellini, D. 1999. The thermal ecology of free-ranging Komodo dragons, Varanus komodoensis, on Komodo Island, Indonesia. Mertensiella 11: 157-166.

Woodward, A.S. 1927. On Varanus komodoensis, V.salvator, V.albigularis and V.rudicollis. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1927: 256.

Varanus kordensis

Böhme, W.; Koch, A. 2010. On the type selection and re-typification of two monitor lizard taxa (Squamata: Varanidae): Monitor bivittatus celebensis Schlegel, 1844 and Monitor kordensis Meyer, 1874; with some comments and corrections on other name-bearing type specimens. Zootaxa 2440: 60-68.

Eidenmüller, B.; Koch, A.; Köhler, J.; Wicker, R. 2017. New findings on the relationships among New Guinea tree monitor lizards of the Varanus prasinus (SCHLEGEL, 1839) complex (Squamata: Sauria: Varanidae). Herpetozoa 30(1-2): 9-20.

Jacobs, H.J. 2002. Zur morphologischen Variabilität der nominellen Smaragdwaran-Taxa Varanus prasinus (H. Schlegel, 1839) und V. kordensis (A.B. Meyer, 1874), mit Bemerkungen zur Erstzucht des letzteren. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 24(137): 21-34.

Shea, G.; Allison, A.; Tallowin, O. 2016. Varanus kordensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T42485718A42485725. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42485718A42485725.en.

Varanus lirungensis

Koch, A.; Arida, E.; Schmitz, A.; Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 2009. Refining the polytypic species concept of mangrove monitors (Squamata: Varanus indicus group): a new cryptic species from the Talaud Islands, Indonesia, reveals the underestimated diversity of Indo-Australian monitor lizards. Australian Journal of Zoology 57(1): 29-40.

Weijola, V.; Sweet, S.S. 2015. A single species of mangrove monitor (Varanus) occupies Ambon, Seram, Buru and Saparua, Moluccas, Indonesia. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 9(1): 14-23.

Varanus mabitang

Gaulke, M. 2005. Freilanduntersuchungen am Mabitang (Varanus mabitang), einer stark bedrohten Grosswaranart von der Philippinen-Insel Panay. Elaphe 13(1): 51-56.

Gaulke, M. 2010. Overview on the present knowledge on Varanus mabitang Gaulke and Curio, 2001, including new morphological and meristic data. Biawak 4(2): 50-58.

Gaulke, M.; Altenbach, A.V.; Demegillo, A.; Struck, U. 2005. On the distribution and biology of Varanus mabitang. Silliman Journal 46(1): 89-117.

Gaulke, M.; Altenbach, A.V.; Demegillo, A.; Struck, U. 2007. On the diet of Varanus mabitang. Mertensiella 16: 228-239.

Gaulke, M.; Curio, E. 2001. A new monitor lizard from Panay Island, Philippines (Reptilia, Sauria, Varanidae). Spixiana 24(3): 275-286.

Gaulke, M.; Curio, E.; Demegillo, A.; Paulino, N. 2002. Varanus mabitang, a rare monitor lizard from Panay Island and a new conservation target. Silliman Journal 43(1): 24-41.

Gaulke, M.; Diesmos, A.C.; Demegillo, A.; Gonzalez, J.C. 2009. Varanus mabitang. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T169829A6679528. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T169829A6679528.en.

Struck, U.; Altenbach, A.V.; Gaulke, M.; Glaw, F. 2002. Tracing the diet of the monitor lizard Varanus mabitang by stable isotope analyses ([delta]15N, [delta]13C). Naturwissenschaften 89(10): 470-473.

Ziegler, T.; Gaulke, M.; Böhme, W. 2005. Genital morphology and systematics of Varanus mabitang Gaulke & Curio, 2001 (Squamata: Varanidae). Current Herpetology 24(1): 13-17.

Varanus macraei

Bennett, D. 2015. International trade in the Blue Tree Monitor Lizard Varanus macraei. Biawak 9(2): 50-57.

Böhme, W.; Jacobs, H.J. 2001. Varanus macraei sp. n., eine neue Waranart der V. prasinus-Gruppe aus West Irian, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 23(133): 5-10.

Canto, R. del 2013. Field observations on Varanus macraei. Biawak 7(1): 18-20.

Dedlmar, A. 2007. Haltung, Pflege und Nachzucht von Varanus macraei. Reptilia (D) 12(63): 39-41.

Dedlmar, A. 2007. Keeping and breeding the blue tree monitor Varanus macraei. Reptilia (GB) 50: 25-27.

Eidenmüller, B.; Koch, A.; Köhler, J.; Wicker, R. 2017. New findings on the relationships among New Guinea tree monitor lizards of the Varanus prasinus (SCHLEGEL, 1839) complex (Squamata: Sauria: Varanidae). Herpetozoa 30(1-2): 9-20.

Jacobs, H.J. 2002. Erstnachzucht von Varanus macraei. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 24(141): 29-33.

Koch, A. 2016. Der Blaue Baumwaran (Varanus macraei) von Batanta:?wunderschön und stark bedroht Reptilia (D) 21(122): 38-41.

Mendyk, R.W. 2007. Dizygotic twinning in the blue tree monitor, Varanus macraei. Biawak 1(1): 26-28.

Moldovan, D. 2009. Haltung und Zucht von Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) macraei Boehme & Jacobs, 2002. Sauria (Berlin) 30(4): 5-10.

Rauhaus, A.; Gutjahr, L.; Oberreuter, J.; Ziegler, T. 2014. 7 Jahre Haltung und Nachzucht des Blaugefleckten Baumwarans (Varanus macraei) im Kölner Zoo: Ein Rück- und Ausblick. Terraria-Elaphe 2014(50): 32-37.

Schneider, A. 2016. Der Blaue Baumwaran, Varanus macraei – ein prächtiger Botschafter der indopazifischen Inselwelt. Reptilia (D) 21(122): 16-20.

Schneider, A. 2016. Der Blaue Baumwaran im Terrarium. Reptilia (D) 21(122): 22-33.

Schneider, A. 2016. Die Nachzucht des Blauen Baumwarans, Varanus (Hapturosaurus) macraei Reptilia (D) 21(122): 34-37.

Schneider, A. 2017. Die Nachzucht des Blauen Baumwarans, Varanus (Hapturosaurus) macraei. Reptilia (D) 22(123): 34-?

Shea, G.; Allison, A.; Tallowin, O. 2017. Varanus macraei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T42485731A42485734. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T42485731A42485734.en.

Ziegler, T.; Strauch, M.; Pes, T.; Konas, J.; Jirasek, T.; Ruetz, N.; Oberreuter, J.; Holst, S. 2009. First captive breeding of the blue tree monitor Varanus macraei Boehme & Jacobs, 2001 at the Plzen and Cologne zoos. Biawak 3(4): 122-133.

Varanus marmoratus

Böhme, W.; Koch, A. 2010. On the type selection and re-typification of two monitor lizard taxa (Squamata: Varanidae): Monitor bivittatus celebensis Schlegel, 1844 and Monitor kordensis Meyer, 1874; with some comments and corrections on other name-bearing type specimens. Zootaxa 2440: 60-68.

Gaulke, M. 1991. Systematic relationships of the Philippine water monitors as compared with Varanus s. salvator, with a discussion of dispersal routes. Mertensiella 2: 154-167.

Gaulke, M. 1992. Distribution, population density, and exploitation of the water monitor (Varanus salvator) in the Philippines. Hamadryad 17: 21-27.

Gaulke, M. 1996. Die Herpetofauna von Sibutu Island (Philippinen), unter Berücksichtigung zoogeographischer und ökologischer Aspekte. Senckenbergiana Biologica 75(1-2): 45-56.

Gaulke, M.; Sy, E.; Afuang, L.; Duya, M.R.; Diesmos, M.; Gonzalez, J.C. 2009. Varanus marmoratus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T169844A6681364. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T169844A6681364.en.

Koch, A.; Auliya, M.; Schmitz, A.; Kuch, U.; Böhme, W. 2007. Morphological studies on the systematics of south east Asian Water Monitors (Varanus salvator complex): nominotypic populations and taxonomic overview. Mertensiella 16: 109-180.

Koch, A.; Gaulke, M.; Böhme, W. 2010. Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies. Zootaxa 2446: 1-54.

Reyes, M.A.P.; Bennett, D.; Oliveros, C. 2008. The monitor lizards of the Camiguin Island, northern Philippines. Biawak 2(1): 28-36.

Varanus melinus

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. Varanus melinus sp. n., ein neuer Waran aus der V. indicus-Gruppe von den Molukken, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(111): 26-34.

Dedlmar, A.; Böhme, W. 2000. Erster Nachtzuchterfolg beim Quittenwaran, Varanus melinus Boehme & Ziegler, 1997. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 22(127): 29-34.

Weijola, V.; Sweet, S.S. 2015. A single species of mangrove monitor (Varanus) occupies Ambon, Seram, Buru and Saparua, Moluccas, Indonesia. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 9(1): 14-23.

Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 1999. Genital morphology and systematics of two recently described monitor lizards of the Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) indicus group. Mertensiella 11: 121-128.

Ziegler, T.; Ruetz, N.; Oberreuter, J.; Holst, S. 2010. First F2 breeding of the Quince Monitor lizard Varanus melinus Böhme & Ziegler, 1997 at the Cologne Zoo Aquarium. Biawak 4(3): 82-92.

Ziegler, T.; Schmitz, A.; Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2007. A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups. Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.

Varanus mertensi

Anonymous. 1965. Neues aus der Wilhelma: Geburt von Varanus mertensi. Aquarien Terrarien 16(9): 306-307.

Blamires, S.J. 1999. An observation of a possible wild mating attempt for the water monitor, Varanus mertensi. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 29(1): 55.

Brotzler, A. 1965. Mertens-Wasserwarane (Varanus mertensi Glauert 1951) zuchteten in der Wilhelma. Freunde Kölner Zoo 8(3): 89.

Christian, K.A.; Conley, K.E. 1994. Activity and resting metabolism of varanid lizards compared with 'typical' lizards. Australian Journal of Zoology 42(2): 185-193.

Christian, K.A.; Weavers, B.W. 1996. Thermoregulation of monitor lizards in Australia: an evaluation of methods in thermal biology. Ecological Monographs 66(2): 139-157.

Christian, K.A.; Weavers, B.W.; Green, B.; Bedford, G. 1996. Energetics and water flux in a semiaquatic lizard, Varanus mertensi. Copeia 1996(2): 354-362.

Clemente, C.J.; Withers, P.C.; Thompson, G.G. 2008. Higher than predicted endurance for juvenile goannas (Varanidae; Varanus). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91(3): 265-267.

Doody, J.S.; Castellano, C.M.; Rhind, D.; Green, B. 2013. Indirect facilitation of a native mesopredator by an invasive species: are cane toads re-shaping tropical riparian communities. Biological Invasions 15(3): 559-568.

Doody, J.S.; Cherriman, S. 2013. Natural history notes: Varanus mertensi (Mertens' Water Monitor). Predation. Herpetological Review 44(1): 150.

Doody, J.S.; Green, B.; Rhind, D.; Castellano, C.M.; Sims, R.; Robinson, T. 2009. Population-level declines in Australian predators caused by an invasive species. Animal Conservation 12(1): 46-53.

Doody, J.S.; Green, B.; Sims, R.; Rhind, D. 2007. A preliminary assessment of the impacts of invasive Cane Toads (Bufo marinus) on three species of varanid lizards in Australia. Mertensiella 16: 218-227.

Doody, J.S.; Mayes, P.; Clulow, S.; Rhind, D.; Green, B.; Castellano, C.M.; D'Amore, D.; McHenry, C.R. 2014. Impacts of the invasive cane toad on aquatic reptiles in a highly modified ecosystem: the importance of replicating impact studies. Biological Invasions 16(11): 2303-2309.

Doody, J.S.; Rhind, D.; Green, B.; Castellano, C.; McHenry, C.; Clulow, S. 2017. Chronic effects of an invasive species on an animal community. Ecology (Washington, D.C.) 98(8): 2093-2101

Doody, J.S.; Soanes, R.; Castellano, C.M.; Rhind, D.; Green, B.; McHenry, C.R.; Clulow, S. 2015. Invasive toads shift predator-prey densities in animal communities by removing top predators. Ecology (Washington, D.C.) 96(9): 2544-2554.

Eidenmüller, B. 1990. Beobachtungen bei der Haltung und Nachzucht von Varanus (Varanus) mertensi Glauert, 1951. Salamandra 26(2-3): 132-139.

Eidenmüller, B. 1995. The successful breeding of Merten's monitor lizard, Varanus mertensi. Vivarium (Lakeside) 7(2): 18-20.

Eidenmüller, B.; Stein, R. 1991. Zwillingsanlage bei Varanus (Varanus) mertensi Glauert, 1951. Salamandra 27(4): 282-283.

Eidenmüller, B.; Wicker, R. 1995. The successful breeding of Mertens' monitor lizard, Varanus mertensi, Glauert 1951. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 25(2): 4-7.

Eidenmüller, B.; Wicker, R. 1998. Beobachtungen an Varanus mertensi-Gelegen inkubiert unter verschiedenen Bedingungen. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 20(116): 30-34.

Glauert, L. 1951. A new Varanus from east Kimberley Varanus mertensi. Western Australian Naturalist 3(1): 14-16.

Griffiths, A.D.; Mckay, J.L. 2007. Cane Toads reduce the abundance and site occupancy of Merten's Water Monitor (Varanus mertensi). Wildlife Research 34(8): 609-615.

Hermes, N. 1981. Mertens water monitor feeding on trapped fish. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 13(1): 34.

Irwin, S.; Engle, K.; Mackness, B. 1996. Nocturnal nesting by captive varanid lizards. Herpetological Review 27(4): 192-194.

Kelly, M.J.; Kiernan, B. 2012. Breeding Mertens Water Monitors (Varanus mertensi) in the UK. Herptile 37(4): 144-145.

Mayes, P.J. 2007. The use of burrows and burrow characteristics of the semi-aquatic Varanus mertensi (Reptilia: Varanidae). Mertensiella 16: 312-321.

Mayes, P.J.; Bradshaw, S.D.; Bradshaw, F.J. 2005. Successfully determining the sex of adult Varanus mertensi (Reptilia: Varanidae) using a combination of both hemipenile eversion and the ratio of androgens:estradiol in plasma. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1040: 402-405.

Mayes, P.J.; Bradshaw, S.D.; Bradshaw, F.J. 2007. Reproductive seasonality in the semi-aquatic monitor, Varanus mertensi (Reptilia: Varanidae). Mertensiella 16: 322-335.

Mayes, P.J.; Thompson, G.G.; Withers, P.C. 2005. Diet and foraging behaviour of the semi-aquatic Varanus mertensi (Reptilia: Varanidae). Wildlife Research 32(1): 67-74.

Murphy, J.B.; Lamoreaux, W.E. 1978. Threatening behaviour in Mertens' water monitor Varanus mertensi (Sauria: Varanidae). Herpetologica 34(2): 202-205.

Peters, U. 1970. Observations on Varanus mertensi and V. mitchelli in captivity. Bulletin Zoo. Man. 2(2): 20-22.

Peters, U. 1971. Varanus mertensi in Gefangenschaft. Aquarien Terrarien 18(6): 192-193.

Polleck, R. 1999. F2-Nachzucht mit Anmerkungen zur Terrarienhaltung des Mertenswarans, Varanus mertensi Glauert, 1951. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 21(119): 19-23.

Rhind, D.; Jackson, C.; Pezaro, N.; Doody, J.S. 2016. A nest of Varanus mertensi (Glauert, 1951) in northern Australia. Biawak 10(1): 18-21.

Schmida, G.E. 1978. Schützenfische und Wasserwarane. Freilandbeobachtungen in Australien. Aquarien Magazin 12(2): 60-65.

Schürer, U.; Horn, H.G. 1976. Freiland- und Gefangenschaftsbeobachtungen am australischen Wasserwaran, Varanus mertensi. Salamandra 12(4): 176-188.

Shea, G.; Woinarski, J.; Macdonald, S.M.; Cogger, H. 2018. Varanus mertensi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83778246A101752340. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83778246A101752340.en.

Shine, R. 1986. Diets and abundances of aquatic and semi-aquatic reptiles in the Alligator Rivers region. Supervising Scientist for the Alligator Rivers Region Technical Memorandum 16: 1-52.

Shine, R. 1986. Food habits, habitats and reproductive biology of four sympatric species of varanid lizards in tropical Australia. Herpetologica 42(3): 346-360.

Smith, J.G.; Griffiths, A.D. 2009. Determinants of home range and activity in two semi-aquatic lizards. Journal of Zoology (London) 279(4): 349-357.

Smith, J.G.; Griffiths, A.D.; Brook, B.W. 2010. Survival estimation in a long-lived monitor lizard: radio-tracking of Varanus mertensi. Population Ecology 52(1): 243-247.

Somaweera, R.; Webb, J.K.; Shine, R. 2011. It's a dog-eat-croc world: dingo predation on the nests of freshwater crocodiles in tropical Australia. Ecological Research 26(5): 957-967.

Thompson, G.G.; Withers, P. 1998. Standard evaporative water loss and metabolism of juvenile Varanus mertensi (Squamata: Varanidae). Copeia 1998(4): 1054-1059.

Warkentin, T.; Kessner, R. 2011. Erfolgreiches Nachzucht-Jahr in der Reptilienabteilung des Zoo-Aquariums Berlin. Bongo 41: 51-56.

Worrell, E. 1956. A new water monitor from northern Australia. Australian Zoologist 12(3): 201-202.

Varanus mitchelli

Clemente, C.J.; Withers, P.C.; Thompson, G.G. 2008. Higher than predicted endurance for juvenile goannas (Varanidae; Varanus). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91(3): 265-267.

Doody, J.S. 2014. Natural history notes: Varanus mitchelli (Mitchell's Water Monitor). Predation. Herpetological Review 45(4): 702.

Doody, J.S.; Castellano, C.M.; Rhind, D.; Green, B. 2013. Indirect facilitation of a native mesopredator by an invasive species: are cane toads re-shaping tropical riparian communities. Biological Invasions 15(3): 559-568.

Doody, J.S.; Green, B.; Rhind, D.; Castellano, C.M.; Sims, R.; Robinson, T. 2009. Population-level declines in Australian predators caused by an invasive species. Animal Conservation 12(1): 46-53.

Doody, J.S.; Green, B.; Sims, R.; Rhind, D. 2007. A preliminary assessment of the impacts of invasive Cane Toads (Bufo marinus) on three species of varanid lizards in Australia. Mertensiella 16: 218-227.

Doody, J.S.; Milenkaya, O.; Rhind, D.; Eastley, T.; Penrose, K. 2010. Natural history notes: Varanus mitchelli (Mitchell's Water Monitor). Diet and foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 41(2): 233-234.

Doody, J.S.; Rhind, D.; Green, B.; Castellano, C.; McHenry, C.; Clulow, S. 2017. Chronic effects of an invasive species on an animal community. Ecology (Washington, D.C.) 98(8): 2093-2101

Doody, J.S.; Soanes, R.; Castellano, C.M.; Rhind, D.; Green, B.; McHenry, C.R.; Clulow, S. 2015. Invasive toads shift predator-prey densities in animal communities by removing top predators. Ecology (Washington, D.C.) 96(9): 2544-2554.

Gaikhorst, G.; McLaughlin, J.; Larkin, B.; McPharlin, M. 2010. Successful captive breeding of Mitchell's Water Monitor, Varanus mitchelli (Mertens 1958), at Perth Zoo. Zoo Biology 29(5): 615-625.

Peters, U. 1968. Moloch horridus, Varanus spenceri, V. mitchelli, Egernia bungana und Heteronotia binoei im Taronga-Zoo, Sydney. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 21: 252-254.

Peters, U. 1970. Observations on Varanus mertensi and V. mitchelli in captivity. Bulletin Zoo. Man. 2(2): 20-22.

Peters, U. 1971. Bemerkungen über Mitchell's Wasserwaran Varanus (Varanus) mitchelli Mertens, 1958. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 8: 75-77.

Shea, G.; Woinarski, J.; Cogger, H. 2018. Varanus mitchelli. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83778268A101752345. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83778268A101752345.en.

Shine, R. 1986. Diets and abundances of aquatic and semi-aquatic reptiles in the Alligator Rivers region. Supervising Scientist for the Alligator Rivers Region Technical Memorandum 16: 1-52.

Shine, R. 1986. Food habits, habitats and reproductive biology of four sympatric species of varanid lizards in tropical Australia. Herpetologica 42(3): 346-360.

Varanus nebulosus

Arida, E.; Setyawatiningsih, S.C. 2015. Erratum: On the occurrence of Varanus nebulosus (Gray, 1831) (Squamata: Varanidae) on Riau Archipelago, Indonesia. Zootaxa 3931(4): 600.

Arida, E.; Setyawatiningsih, S.C. 2015. On the occurrence of Varanus nebulosus (Gray, 1831) (Squamata: Varanidae) on Riau Archipelago, Indonesia. Zootaxa 3919(1): 197-200.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. On the synonymy and taxonomy of the Bengal monitor lizard, Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802) complex (Sauria: Varanidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 18(2): 207-211.

Brongersma, L.D. 1947. Zoological notes from Port Dickson. 1. Amphibians and reptiles. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 27: 300-308.

Duengkae, P.; Chuaynkern, Y. 2009. Observations of basking in Varanus bengalensis nebulosus from northeastern Thailand. Biawak 3(3): 88-92.

Gairdner, K.G. 1915. Notes on the fauna and flora of Ratburi and Petchaburi districts (Part II). Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 1(3): 131-156.

Harrison, J.L.; Lim, B.L. 1957. Monitor lizards of Malaya. Malayan Nature Journal 12(1): 1-10.

Meek, R. 1978. On the thermal relations of two Oriental varanids: Varanus bengalensis nebulosis and Varanus salvator. Report Cotswold Herpetological Symposium 1978: 32-47.

Stanner, M. 2011. Preliminary account of the Clouded Monitors (Varanus bengalensis nebulosus) of Ban Truem Village, northeastern Thailand. Biawak 5(3): 36-40.

Traeholt, C. 1997. Effect of masking the parietal eye on the diurnal activity and body temperature of two sympatric species of monitor lizards, Varanus s. salvator and Varanus b. nebulosus. Journal of Comparative Physiology B Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 167(3): 177-184.

Traeholt, C. 1997. Notes on the food and feeding behaviour of Varanus bengalensis nebulosus on Palau Tioman, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 50(3): 173-181.

Yang, D.; Liu, W. 1994. Relationships among species groups of Varanus from southern southeastern Asia with description of a new species from Vietnam. Zoological Research 15(1): 11-15.

Varanus nesterovi

Böhme, W. 2017. Rediscovery of Nesterov’s Desert Monitor Lizard, Varanus nesterovi Böhme, Ehrlich, Milto, Orlov & Scholz, 2014 (Squamata: Varanidae) in Iraq. Sauria (Berlin) 39(3): 57-62.

Böhme, W.; Ehrlich, K.; Milto, K.D.; Orlov, N.L.; Scholz, S. 2015. A new species of desert monitor lizard (Varanidae: Varanus: Psammosaurus) from the western Zagros region (Iraq, Iran). Russian Journal of Herpetology 22(1): 41-52.

Varanus niloticus

Anonymous. 1975. An anthill as nursery. Zoon (Pretoria) 1: 17-18.

Anonymous. 1981. New breed of 'dragon' invades southern Florida. Chicago Herpetological Society Newsletter 1981(August): 1 p. (Unpaginated. Reprinted from Chicago Tribune, July 19, 1981).

Amer, S.A.M. 2003. Phylogenetic relationship between two African varanid species (Reptilia), inferred from protein and mitochondrial DNA data. Journal of Union of Arab Biologists Cairo A Zoology 19: 23-38.

Angelici, F.M.; Luiselli, L. 1999. Aspects of the ecology of Varanus niloticus (Reptilia, Varanidae) in southeastern Nigeria, and their contribution to the knowledge of the evolutionary history of V. niloticus species complex. Revue d'Ecologie la Terre et la Vie 54(1): 29-42.

Barry, K. 2004. Water leguaan robbing nest of Goliath heron. Honeyguide 50(1): 43.

Bates, M.F. 2010. Geographical distribution: Varanus niloticus Linnaeus, 1766. Water Monitor. South Africa: Free State. African Herp News 52: 25-26.

Bayless, M.K. 1997. The distribution of African monitor lizards (Sauria: Varanidae). African Journal of Ecology 35(4): 374-377.

Bayless, M.K. 2008. Local names of Pan-African monitor lizards (Varanidae: Varanus: Polydaedalus). Biawak 2(2): 61-71.

Bayless, M.K.; Luiselli, L. 2000. The ecological distribution of monitor lizards (Reptilia, Varanidae) in Nigeria. Miscellania Zoologica (Barcelona) 23(1): 1-8.

Bayless, M.K.; Pierson, B. 2003. Varanus niloticus (Nile monitor): captive adult feeding on ants. Herpetological Bulletin 85: 29-30.

Bennett, D. 2002. Diet of juvenile Varanus niloticus (Sauria: Varanidae) on the Black Volta River in Ghana. Journal of Herpetology 36(1): 116-117.

Berny, P.J.; Buffrenil, V. de; Hemery, G. 2006. Use of the nile monitor, Varanus niloticus L (Reptilia: Varanidae), as a bioindicator of organochlorine pollution in African wetlands. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 77(3): 359-366.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. A taxonomic review of the Varanus (Polydaedalus) niloticus (Linnaeus, 1766) species complex. Herpetological Journal 7(4): 155-162.

Bourquin, O. 1991. Varanus niloticus. Reproduction. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 39: 21.

Branch, W.R. 1991. The Regenia registers of 'Gogga' Brown (1869-1909) 'Memoranda on a species of monitor or varan'. Early observations on the rock monitor Varanus albigularis, supplemented with additional notes on the biology of southern African monitors. Mertensiella 2: 57-110.

Branch, W.R.; Branch, T.C. 1992. Varanus niloticus niloticus. Predation. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 41: 41.

Branch, W.R.; Erasmus, H. 1982. Notes on reproduction in South African water monitors, Varanus niloticus niloticus (Sauria: Varanidae). Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 28: 4-9.

Buffenstein, R.; Louw, G. 1982. Temperature effects on bioenergetics of growth, assimilation efficiency and thyroid activity in juvenile varanid lizards. Journal of Thermal Biology 7(4): 197-200.

Buffrenil, V. de 1992. La peche et l'exploitation du varan du nil (Varanus n. niloticus) dans la region du lac Tchad. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 62: 47-56.

Buffrenil, V. de 2004. L'exploitation et le commerce des varans africains: le cas du varan du nil (Varanus niloticus) au Tchad. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 129(1-2): 75-89.

Buffrenil, V. de; Castanet, J. 2000. Age estimation by skeletochronology in the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus), a highly exploited species. Journal of Herpetology 34(3): 414-424.

Buffrenil, V. de; Castanet, J.; Rimblot, F. 1999. Maturation genitale des varans du Nil males (Varanus niloticus) dans trois populations du Sahel. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77(2): 222-232.

Buffrenil, V. de; Chabanet, C.; Castanet, J. 1994. Donnees preliminaires sur la taille, la croissance et la longevite du varan du Nil (Varanus niloticus) dans la region du lac Tchad. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72(2): 262-273.

Buffrenil, V. de; Hemery, G. 2002. Variation in longevity, growth, and morphology in exploited Nile monitors (Varanus niloticus) from sahelian Africa. Journal of Herpetology 36(3): 419-426.

Buffrenil, V. de; Hemery, G. 2007. Harvest of the Nile monitor, Varanus niloticus, in Sahelian Africa. 1. Impact of intensive harvest on local stocks. Mertensiella 16: 181-194.

Buffrenil, V. de; Hemery, G. 2007. Harvest of the Nile monitor, Varanus niloticus, in Sahelian Africa. 2. Life history traits of harvested monitors. Mertensiella 16: 195-217.

Buffrenil, V. de; Rimblot, B.F. 1999. Female reproductive output in exploited Nile monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus L.) populations in Sahelian Africa. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77(10): 1530-1539.

Campbell, T. 2003. Species profile: Nile monitors (Varanus niloticus) in Florida. Iguana (West Hartford) 10(4): 119-120.

Campbell, T.S. 2005. Eradication of introduced carnivorous lizards from the Cape Coral Area. Final report. Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program, Ft. Myers. 30 pp.

Charlton, P.E. 1973. Observations on the Nile monitor lizard Varanus niloticus in Natal. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 11: 19.

Ciliberti, A.; Berny, P.; Vey, D.; Buffrenil, V. de 2012. Assessing environmental contamination around obsolete pesticide stockpiles in West Africa: using the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) as a sentinel species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 31(2): 387-394.

Cloudsley-Thompson, J.L. 1967. Water relations and diurnal rhythm of activity in the young Nile monitor. British Journal of Herpetology 3(12): 296-300.

Cloudsley-Thompson, J.L. 1969. Diurnal rhythm of activity in the Nile monitor. British Journal of Herpetology 4(5): 112-114.

Combrink, X.; Warner, J.K.; Downs, C.T. 2016. Nest predation and maternal care in the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) at Lake St Lucia, South Africa. Behavioural Processes 133: 31-36.

Condon, K.W. 1988. A study of cranial kinesis in the Nile monitor, Varanus niloticus. Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering 48(10): 2841-2842.

Cottam, R. 1923. The mobbing of a lizard. Sudan Notes and Records 6: 255-257.

Couto, F.M.; Couto, J.T. 2013. Saddle-billed stork versus monitor lizard: an epic battle. Honeyguide 59(2): 83-84.

Cowles, R.B. 1928. The life history of Varanus niloticus. Science (New York) 67(1734): 317-318.

Cowles, R.B. 1930. A life history of Varanus niloticus (Linnaeus) as observed in Natal, South Africa. Journal Ent. Zool. 22: 1-31.

Cowles, R.B. 1930. The life history of Varanus niloticus (Linnaeus) as observed in Natal, South Africa. Journal Ent. Zool. 22(1): 1-31.

Dalhuijseni, K.; Branch, W.R.; Alexander, G.J. 2014. A comparative analysis of the diets of Varanus albigularis and Varanus niloticus in South Africa. African Zoology 49(1): 83-93.

D'Amore, D.C. 2015. Illustrating ontogenetic change in the dentition of the Nile Monitor Lizard, Varanus niloticus: a case study in the application of geometric morphometric methods for the quantification of shape-size heterodonty. Journal of Anatomy 226(5): 403-419.

Darby, G. 1955. Aquatic raider. Varanus niloticus. African Wild Life 9(1): 59-61.

Dowell, S.A.; Buffrenil, V. de; Kolokotronis, S.O.; Hekkala, E.R. 2015. Fine-scale genetic analysis of the exploited Nile Monitor (Varanus niloticus) in Sahelian Africa. BMC Genetics 16: 32.

Dowell, S.A.; Portik, D.M.; Buffrenil, V. de; Ineich, I.; Greenbaum, E.; Kolokotronis, S.O.; Hekkala, E.R. 2016. Molecular data from contemporary and historical collections reveal a complex story of cryptic diversification in the Varanus (Polydaedalus) niloticus species group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94(B): 591-604.

Dutson, G.; Branscombe, J. 1990. Rainforest birds in south-west Ghana. ICBP (International Council of Bird Preservation) Study Report 46: 1-70.

Edroma, E.L.; Ssali, W. 1983. Observations on the Nile monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus, L.) in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. African Journal of Ecology 21(3): 197-201.

Enge, K.M.; Krysko, K.L.; Hankins, K.R.; Campbell, T.S.; King, F.W. 2004. Status of the Nile Monitor (Varanus niloticus) in southwestern Florida. Southeastern Naturalist 3(4): 571-582.

Eniang, E.A.; Akani, G.C.; Vignoli, L.; Luiselli, L.; Petrozzi, F. 2015. Size-related habitat selection of a population of Nile monitors (Varanus niloticus) from western Nigeria. African Journal of Ecology 53(2): 246-248.

FitzSimons, V. 1956. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Wonderboom Nature Reserve. Fauna and Flora (Pretoria) 7: 89-106.

Grandison, A.G.C. 1956. On a collection of lizards from West Africa. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire Serie A Sciences Naturelles 18: 224-245.

Haagner, G.V.; Hall, R.J.; Branch, W.R. 1993. Varanus niloticus niloticus water monitor. Size. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 42: 38.

Hagen, H.; Horn, H.G.; Hagen, W. 1995. Zu Balz- und Kopulationsverhalten des Nilwarans (Varanus n. niloticus) - eine fotografische Dokumentation. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 17(98): 29-33.

Hirth, H.F.; Abdel Latif, E.M. 1979. Deep body temperatures of the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) taken by radiotelemetry. Journal of Herpetology 13(3): 367-368.

Hoeven, C.A. van der; Boer, W.F. de; Prins, H.H.T. 2004. Pooling local expert opinions for estimating mammal densities in tropical rainforests. Journal for Nature Conservation 12(4): 193-204.

Hoier, R. 1950. A travers plaines et volcans au Pare National Albert. Reptiles. pp. 119-127. Bruxelles. 174 pp.

Ingleton, E.C. 1929. South African monitor lizard. Field 53(March 21): 486.

Keith, M.; Ginsburg, A.E. 2010. Natural history notes: Varanus niloticus Linnaeus, 1758. Nile Monitor. Feeding behaviour. African Herp News 51: 19-21.

King, R.W. 1962. In pursuit of the white rhinoceros. African Wild Life 16(2): 122-123.

Kuchling, G. 1971. Varanus niloticus - wie ich zu meinen Drachen kam. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 24: 315-316.

Lang, D.; Branch, W.R. 1990. Varanus niloticus niloticus. Nile monitor. Diet. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 37: 50.

Lenz, S. 1995. Zur Biologie und Ökologie des Nilwarans, Varanus niloticus (Linnaeus 1766) in Gambia, Westafrika. Mertensiella 5: 1-256.

Lönnberg, E. 1903. On the adaptations to a molluscivorous diet in Varanus niloticus. Arkiv för Zoologi (Stockholm) 1: 65-83.

Mauldin, R.E.; Savarie, P.J. 2010. Acetaminophen as an oral toxicant for Nile Monitor Lizards (Varanus niloticus) and Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus). Wildlife Research 37(3): 215-222.

McGraw, M. 1992. Monitor lizard eats cat. Nyala 16(1): 30-31.

Meesson, J.M.T. 1952. Notes sur quelques oiseaux et reptiles du lac Albert et de la Basse Semliki. Zooleo N.S. 13: 179-181.

Mitchell, A.J.L.; Steyn, W.J. 1967. Further distribution records of lizards in South West Africa. Cimbebasia 21: 23-26.

Montuelle, S.J.; Herrel, A.; Libourel, P.A.; Daillie, S.; Bels, V.L. 2012. Flexibility in locomotor-feeding integration during prey capture in varanid lizards: effects of prey size and velocity. Journal of Experimental Biology 215(21): 3823-3835.

Montuelle, S.J.; Herrel, A.; Libourel, P.A.; Daillie, S.; Bels, V.L. 2012. Prey capture in lizards: differences in jaw-neck-forelimb coordination. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 105(3): 607-622.

Muhigwa, J.B.B. 1998. Diel activity and biotope choices of the Nile monitor lizard in western Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 36(3): 271-275.

Parker, R.H. 1962. Python eats leguaan. African Wild Life 16(3): 258.

Pettersson, E. 1961. Predation of Python sebae on Varanus niloticus. Nat. Soc. Cent. Afr. J. 1(10): 4.

Pitman, C.R.S. 1931. A game warden amongst his charges. Nisbet, London.

Pooley, A.C. 1962. Belligerent Lizard (Varanus niloticus). Lammergeyer 2(2): 50.

Provencal, P. 1992. Observations zoologiques de 'Abd al-Latif al-Bagdadi. Centaurus 35: 28-45.

Reed, R.N.; Hopken, M.W.; Steen, D.A.; Falk, B.G.; Piaggio, A.J. 2016. Integrating early detection with DNA barcoding: species identification of a non-native monitor lizard (Squamata: Varanidae) carcass in Mississippi, USA. Management of Biological Invasions 7(2): 193-197.

Rhyn, J. van 1991. Varanus niloticus. Diet. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 39: 21-22.

Rieppel, O.; Labhardt, L. 1979. Mandibular mechanics in Varanus niloticus (Reptilia: Lacertilia). Herpetologica 35(2): 158-163.

Savarie, P.J.; Engeman, R.M.; Mauldin, R.E.; Mathies, T.; Tope, K.L. 2011. Tools for managing invasions: acceptance of non-toxic baits by juvenile Nile monitor lizards and Burmese pythons under laboratory conditions. International Journal of Pest Management 57(4): 309-314.

Shija, C. 2003. Water Monitor defends meal from martial eagle. CCA Ecological Journal 5: 247.

Snelson, D. (ed.) 1986. Tarangire National Park. Tanzania National Parks in cooperation with the African Wildlife Foundation, Arusha. 55 pp.

Soler, J.; Martínez-Silvestre, A. 2013. Feral monitor lizards (Varanus spp.) in Catalonia, Spain: an increasing phenomenon. Biawak 7(1): 21-24.

Switak, K.H. 1997. Varanids I have known: the Nile Monitor, Varanus niloticus. Monitor (Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society) 8(3): 177-179.

Switak, K.H. 2004. Field notes for Varanus niloticus/ornatus in sub-Saharan Africa. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 39(3): 41-44.

Vilane, S. 2003. Water Monitor releases African rock-python. CCA Ecological Journal 5: 167.

Villiers, A. 1956. Le Parc National du Niokolo-Koba, Reptiles. Memoires de l'Institut Fondamental D'Afrique Noire 48: 143-162.

Wearne, W.D.; Oatley, T.B.; Dutton, T.P. 1962. Miscellaneous notes of natural history interest on Varanus niloticus. Lammergeyer 2(2): 50.

Wood, J.P.; Dowell, S.A.; Campbell, T.S.; Page, R.B. 2016. Insights into the introduction history and population genetic dynamics of the Nile Monitor (Varanus niloticus) in Florida. Journal of Heredity 107(4): 349-362.

Wood, S.C.; Johansen, K. 1974. Respiratory adaptation to diving in the Nile monitor lizard, Varanus niloticus. Journal of Comparative Physiology 89(2): 145-158.

Yeboah, S. 1994. Aspects of the biology of two sympatric species of monitor lizards Varanus niloticus and Varanus exanthematicus (Reptilia, Sauria) in Ghana. African Journal of Ecology 32(4): 331-333.

Varanus nuchalis

Diesmos, A.C.; Gaulke, M. 2009. Varanus nuchalis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T169767A6671267. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T169767A6671267.en.

Gaulke, M. 1986. Über die Situation des Bindenwarans (Varanus salvator nuchalis) auf Negros, Philippinen. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 8(44): 16-18.

Gaulke, M. 1991. Systematic relationships of the Philippine water monitors as compared with Varanus s. salvator, with a discussion of dispersal routes. Mertensiella 2: 154-167.

Gaulke, M. 1992. Distribution, population density, and exploitation of the water monitor (Varanus salvator) in the Philippines. Hamadryad 17: 21-27.

Gaulke, M.; Reiter, J. 2001. Zur Biologie des Raunacken-Bindenwaranes. Draco 2(3) (7): 42-49.

Koch, A.; Auliya, M.; Schmitz, A.; Kuch, U.; Böhme, W. 2007. Morphological studies on the systematics of south east Asian Water Monitors (Varanus salvator complex): nominotypic populations and taxonomic overview. Mertensiella 16: 109-180.

Koch, A.; Gaulke, M.; Böhme, W. 2010. Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies. Zootaxa 2446: 1-54.

Sy, E.Y.; Tan, E.K. 2013. Geographic distribution: Varanus nuchalis (White-headed Water Monitor Lizard). Herpetological Review 44(4): 627.

Varanus obor

Weijola, V.; Sweet, S.S. 2015. A single species of mangrove monitor (Varanus) occupies Ambon, Seram, Buru and Saparua, Moluccas, Indonesia. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 9(1): 14-23.

Weijola, V.S.A.; Sweet, S.S. 2010. A new melanistic species of monitor lizard (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) from Sanana Island, Indonesia. Zootaxa 2434: 17-32.

Varanus olivaceus

Auffenberg, W. 1976. First description of an adult Varanus grayi. Copeia 1976(3): 586-588.

Auffenberg, W. 1979. A monitor lizard in the Philippines. Oryx 15(1): 39-46.

Auffenberg, W. 1979. Detective Auffenberg gets his beast. International Wildlife 9(2): 13-15.

Auffenberg, W. 1979. Research on monitor lizards. Tigerpaper (Bangkok) 6(4): 20-21.

Auffenberg, W. 1988. Gray's monitor lizard. University Presses of Florida, Gainesville. 419 pp.

Banks, C. 1997. Melbourne Zoo's partnership role in the conservation of threatened endemic Philippine fauna. Sylvatrop 5(1-2): 105-112.

Banks, C.; Vincent, M. 1999. An in situ conservation program for the threatened Gray's monitor, Varanus olivaceus. Mertensiella 11: 91-93.

Bennett, D. 2000. Preliminary survey and status report for Varanus olivaceus on Polillo Island. pp. 9-27. In: Bennett, D. (ed.). Wildlife of Polillo Island, Philippines. University of Oxford - University of the Philippines at Los Banos Polillo '99 project. Final report. Viper Press, Glossop. 174 pp.

Bennett, D. 2014. A dubious account of breeding Varanus olivaceus in captivity at the Paradise Reptile Zoo in Mindoro, Philippines. Biawak 8(1): 12-14.

Bennett, D. 2014. An inexpensive, non-intrusive, repeatable method for surveying frugivorous monitor lizards. Biawak 8(1): 31-34.

Bennett, D. 2014. The arboreal foraging behavior of the frugivorous monitor lizard Varanus olivaceus on Polillo Island. Biawak 8(1): 15-18.

Bennett, D. 2014. The use of an external telemetric device on Varanus olivaceus. Biawak 8(2): 66-71.

Bennett, D. 2016. The Polillo Butaan Project 1999-2010. Lessons learned in the study of Varanus olivaceus (Howell, 1957). Pp. 237-247. In: Cota, M. (ed.). Proceedings of the 2015 Interdisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand. 247 pp.

Bennett, D.; Clements, T. 2014. The use of passive infrared camera trapping systems in the study of frugivorous monitor lizards. Biawak 8(1): 19-30.

Bennett, D.; Hampson, K.; Yngente, V. 2001. A noose trap for catching a large arboreal lizard, Varanus olivaceus. Herpetological Review 32(3): 167-168.

Card, W. 1994. Double clutching Gould's monitors (Varanus gouldii) and Gray's monitors (Varanus olivaceus) at the Dallas Zoo. Herpetological Review 25(3): 111, 114.

Contreras, A.M. 1980. Butaan could be saved. Canopy 6(9): 10.

Gaulke, M.; Curio, E. 2001. A new monitor lizard from Panay Island, Philippines (Reptilia, Sauria, Varanidae). Spixiana 24(3): 275-286.

Lutz, M. 2006. Der Butaan (Varanus olivaceus), Hallowell 1856. Haltung und erste erfolgreiche Nachzucht im Terrarium. Sauria (Berlin) 28(4): 5-13.

Mendyk, R.W. 2015. Life expectancy and longevity of varanid lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) in North American zoos. Zoo Biology 34(2): 139-152.

Recchio, I. 2016. Reproduction of the rare frugivorous monitor lizard Varanus olivaceus (Hallowell, 1857), at the Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens. Pp. 93-103. In: Cota, M. (ed.). Proceedings of the 2015 Interdisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand. 247 pp.

Ruiter, M. de 1993. Erste Nachzucht des Gray-Warans. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 46(10): 619.

Strange, A. 1984. A study of activity patterns and spacing in Gray's monitor lizard - Varanus grayi May 1982 - July 1983. Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Society Bulletin 21(4): 1-2.

Sweeney, R.G.; Sekscienski, S.; Maslanka, M. 2017. Nutritional analysis of natural fruit items consumed by Butaan (Varanus olivaceus) with comparison to commonly used captive dietary items. Herpetological Review 48(4): 787-791.

Sy, E.; Afuang, L.; Duya, M.R.; Diesmos, M. 2009. Varanus olivaceus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T22888A9396856. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T22888A9396856.en.

Vincent, M.; Wilson, S. 1998. Varanus olivaceus. Gray's monitor: a cause for concern. Reptilia (GB) 5: 26-28.

Welton, L.J.; Siler, C.D.; Diesmos, A.C.; Diesmos, M.L.; Lagat, R.D.; Causaren, R.M.; Brown, R.M. 2012. Genetic identity, geographic ranges, and major distribution records for frugivorous monitor lizards of Luzon Island, Philippines. Herpetological Review 43(2): 226-230.

Yuyek, M.D. 2012. Husbandry and reproduction of Varanus olivaceus Hallowell (Sauria: Varanidae) at the Avilon Montalban Zoological Park. Biawak 6(6): 39-53.

Varanus palawanensis

Conrad, J.L. 2015. Skeletons of the little-known Palawan Monitor, Varanus palawanensis (Squamata: Varanidae). Journal of Herpetology 49(3): 485-490.

Koch, A.; Gaulke, M.; Böhme, W. 2010. Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies. Zootaxa 2446: 1-54.

Varanus panoptes

Bennett, D. 1992. A note on Varanus panoptes rubidus (Storr 1980) in Wanjarri, Western Australia. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 39: 28-30.

Blamires, S.J. 1999. A note on the reproductive seasonality of Varanus panoptes in the wet-dry tropics of Australia. Hamadryad 24(1): 49-51.

Blamires, S.J. 2000. Natural history notes: Varanus panoptes (Northern Sand Goanna). Diet. Herpetological Review 31(3): 177.

Blamires, S.J. 2001. Influence of temperature on burrow use by the monitor lizard Varanus panoptes of the coastal dunes at Fog Bay, northern Australia. Asiatic Herpetological Research 9 [2000]: 25-29.

Blamires, S.J. 2004. Habitat preferences of coastal goannas (Varanus panoptes): are they exploiters of Sea Turtle nests at Fog Bay, Australia? Copeia 2004(2): 370-377.

Blamires, S.J.; Guinea, M.L. 2003. Emergence success of Flatback Sea Turtles (Natator depressus) at Fog Bay, Northern Territory, Australia. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4(3): 548-556.

Blamires, S.J.; Guinea, M.L.; Prince, R.I.T. 2003. Influence of nest site selection on predation of Flatback Sea Turtle (Natator depressus) eggs by varanid lizards in northern Australia. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4(3): 557-563.

Blamires, S.J.; Nobbs, M. 2000. Observations of mangrove habitation by the monitor lizard Varanus panoptes. Northern Territory Naturalist 16: 21-23.

Böhme, W. 1988. Der Arguswaran (Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980) auf Neuguinea: V. panoptes horni ssp. n. (Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 24(2-3): 87-101.

Böhme, W. 1991. The identity of Varanus gouldii (Gray, 1838), and the nomenclature of the V. gouldii-species complex. Mertensiella 2: 38-41.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1998. Comments on the proposed conservation of the names Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata) by the designation of a neotype for Hydrosaurus gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(3): 173-174.

Christian, K.A. 1995. Natural history notes: Varanus panoptes (NCN) and Varanus gouldii (sand goanna). Diet and predation. Herpetological Review 26(3): 146.

Christian, K.A.; Conley, K.E. 1994. Activity and resting metabolism of varanid lizards compared with 'typical' lizards. Australian Journal of Zoology 42(2): 185-193.

Christian, K.A.; Corbett, L.K.; Green, B.; Weavers, B.W. 1995. Seasonal activity and energetics of two species of varanid lizards in tropical Australia. Oecologia (Heidelberg) 103(3): 349-357.

Christian, K.A.; Weavers, B.W. 1996. Thermoregulation of monitor lizards in Australia: an evaluation of methods in thermal biology. Ecological Monographs 66(2): 139-157.

Clemente, C.J.; Withers, P.C.; Thompson, G.G. 2008. Higher than predicted endurance for juvenile goannas (Varanidae; Varanus). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91(3): 265-267.

Clemente, C.J.; Withers, P.C.; Thompson, G.G. 2012. Optimal body size with respect to maximal speed for the Yellow-spotted Monitor Lizard (Varanus panoptes; Varanidae). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 85(3): 265-273.

Doody, J.S.; Castellano, C.M.; Rhind, D.; Green, B. 2013. Indirect facilitation of a native mesopredator by an invasive species: are cane toads re-shaping tropical riparian communities. Biological Invasions 15(3): 559-568.

Doody, J.S.; Cherriman, S. 2012. Natural history notes: Varanus gouldii (Sand Monitor) and Varanus panoptes (Yellow-spotted Monitor). Predation. Herpetological Review 43(4): 653-654.

Doody, J.S.; Green, B.; Rhind, D.; Castellano, C.M.; Sims, R.; Robinson, T. 2009. Population-level declines in Australian predators caused by an invasive species. Animal Conservation 12(1): 46-53.

Doody, J.S.; Green, B.; Sims, R.; Rhind, D. 2007. A preliminary assessment of the impacts of invasive Cane Toads (Bufo marinus) on three species of varanid lizards in Australia. Mertensiella 16: 218-227.

Doody, J.S.; Green, B.; Sims, R.; Rhind, D.; West, P.; Steer, D. 2006. Indirect impacts of invasive Cane Toads (Bufo marinus) on nest predation in pig-nosed turtles (Carettochelys insculpta). Wildlife Research 33(5): 349-354.

Doody, J.S.; Hall, M.; Rhind, D.; Green, B.; Dryden, G. 2012. Natural history notes: Varanus panoptes (Yellow-spotted Monitor). Diet. Herpetological Review 43(3): 491-492.

Doody, J.S.; James, H.; Ellis, R.J.; Gibson, N.; Mitchell, R.; Mahony, S.; Hamilton, D.G.; Rhind, D.; Simon, C.; McHenry, C.R. 2014. Cryptic and complex nesting in the Yellow-spotted Monitor, Varanus panoptes. Journal of Herpetology 48(3): 363-370.

Doody, J.S.; James, H.; Walmsley, C.W.; Rhind, D.; Edgar, M.; Maik, F.; D'Amore, D.; Simon, C.; McHenry, C.R. 2015. Natural history notes: Varanus panoptes (Yellow-spotted Monitor). Toxic prey avoidance. Herpetological Review 46(1): 96-97.

Doody, J.S.; Lloyd, R.; Rhind, D. 2012. Natural history notes: Varanus panoptes (Yellow-spotted Monitor). Diet and prey capture. Herpetological Review 43(2): 339-340.

Doody, J.S.; McHenry, C.; Mahony, S.; Taylor, S.; Clulow, S. 2015. Natural history notes: Varanus panoptes (Yellow-spotted Monitor). Diet. Herpetological Review 46(2): 263-264.

Doody, J.S.; Rhind, D.; Green, B.; Castellano, C.; McHenry, C.; Clulow, S. 2017. Chronic effects of an invasive species on an animal community. Ecology (Washington, D.C.) 98(8): 2093-2101

Doody, J.S.; Sawyer, G.; Hands, K. 2015. Natural history notes: Varanus panoptes (Yellow-spotted Monitor). Diet and foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 46(1): 95-96.

Doody, J.S.; Soanes, R.; Castellano, C.M.; Rhind, D.; Green, B.; McHenry, C.R.; Clulow, S. 2015. Invasive toads shift predator-prey densities in animal communities by removing top predators. Ecology (Washington, D.C.) 96(9): 2544-2554.

Gentry, A. 1999. Comments on the proposed conservation of the names Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata) by the designation of a neotype for H. gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(1): 70-71.

Hoser, R. 1999. Comments on the proposed conservation of the names Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata) by the designation of a neotype for H. gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(1): 66-70.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2000. Opinion 1948. Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 (currently Varanus gouldii) and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata): specific names conserved by the designation of a neotype for H. gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 57(1): 63-65.

Irwin, S.; Lyons, B.; Frisby, T. 1996. Nocturnal activity by Varanus panoptes at Cape Melville. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 26(2): 50.

King, D.R. 1997. Comment on the proposed conservation of the specific names of Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 (currently Varanus gouldii) and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata) by the designation of a neotype for H. gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 54(4): 249-250.

Lei, J.; Booth, D.T.; Dwyer, R.G. 2017. Spatial ecology of yellow-spotted goannas adjacent to a sea turtle nesting beach. Australian Journal of Zoology 65(2): 77-86

Lenk, P.; Eidenmüller, B.; Staudter, H.; Wicker, R.; Wink, M 2005. A parthenogenetic Varanus. Amphibia-Reptilia 26(4): 507-514.

Llewelyn, J.; Schwarzkopf, L.; Phillips, B.L.; Shine, R. 2014. After the crash: how do predators adjust following the invasion of a novel toxic prey type? Austral Ecology 39(2): 190-197.

Paden, L. 2008. Varanus panoptes horni (argus monitor) reproduction. Biawak 2(2): 95-96.

Paden, L. 2008. Varanus panoptes horni (Argus monitor) sexual maturity. Biawak 2(4): 173-174.

Rhind, D.; Doody, J.S.; Pritchard, R.; McHenry, C.R. 2013. Natural history notes: Varanus panoptes (Yellow-spotted Monitor). Cannibalism. Herpetological Review 44(3): 516-517.

Rhind, D.; Sawyer, G.; Trembath, D.; Parrott, M.; Doody, J.S. 2014. Natural history notes: Varanus panoptes (Yellow-spotted Monitor). Diet and behavior. Herpetological Review 45(2): 335-336.

Schardt, M. 2000. Aktuelle Übersicht zur Nomenklatur der australischen "Gouldswarane" sowie Angaben zur Haltung und Nachzucht von Varanus panoptes panoptes Storr, 1980. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 22(129): 22-32.

Schardt, M. 2001. Übersicht zur Haltung und Nachzucht von Varanus panoptes panoptes Storr, 1980 in der Folgegeneration F2. Draco 2(3) (7): 55-61

Shannon, R. 2008. Observations on three species of Varanus in Ilfracombe, Queensland. Biawak 2(2): 80-86.

Shannon, R.; Mendyk, R.W. 2009. Aquatic foraging behavior and freshwater mussel (Velesunio sp.) predation by Varanus panoptes panoptes in central-western Queensland. Biawak 3(3): 85-87.

Shea, G.; Allison, A.; Parker, F.; Tallowin, O.; Doughty, P. 2018. Varanus panoptes. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T42485740A42485745. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T42485740A42485745.en.

Shea, G.; Cogger, H.G. 1998. Comment on the proposed conservation of the names Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata) by the designation of a neotype for Hydrosaurus gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(2): 106-111.

Shea, G.M.; Sadlier, R.A. 2001. An ovigerous argus monitor, Varanus panoptes panoptes. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 31(2): 132-133.

Shine, R. 1986. Diets and abundances of aquatic and semi-aquatic reptiles in the Alligator Rivers region. Supervising Scientist for the Alligator Rivers Region Technical Memorandum 16: 1-52.

Shine, R. 1986. Food habits, habitats and reproductive biology of four sympatric species of varanid lizards in tropical Australia. Herpetologica 42(3): 346-360.

Sprackland, R.G.; Smith, H.M.; Strimple, P. 1997. Case 3042. Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 (currently Varanus gouldii) and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata): proposed conservation of the specific names by the designation of a neotype for H. gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 54(2): 95-99.

Sprackland, R.G.; Smith, H.M.; Strimple, P. 1998. Comments on the proposed conservation of the names Hydrosaurus gouldii Gray, 1838 and Varanus panoptes Storr, 1980 (Reptilia, Squamata) by the designation of a neotype for Hydrosaurus gouldii. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(3): 175-176.

Storr, G.M. 1980. The monitor lizards (genus Varanus Merrem, 1820) of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 8(2): 237-293.

Ujvari, B.; Madsen, T. 2009. Increased mortality of naive varanid lizards after the invasion of non-native Cane Toads (Bufo marinus). Herpetological Conservation and Biology 4(2): 248-251.

Ward-Fear, G.; Pearson, D.J.; Brown, G.P.; Rangers, B.; Shine, R. 2016. Ecological immunization: in situ training of free-ranging predatory lizards reduces their vulnerability to invasive toxic prey. Biology Letters 12(1): 20150863.

Werneburg, I.; Polachowski, K.M.; Hutchinson, M.N. 2015. Bony skull development in the Argus monitor (Squamata, Varanidae, Varanus panoptes) with comments on developmental timing and adult anatomy. Zoology (Jena) 118(4): 255-280.

Wiechmann, R. 2012. Observations on parthenogenesis in monitor lizards. Biawak 6(1): 11-21.

Varanus pilbarensis

Camina Vega, A.; Koch, A. 2017. First breeding report of the Pilbara Rock Monitor (Varanus pilbarensis Storr, 1980) in Spain with taxonomic comments on the recently described V. hamersleyensis Maryan et al., 2014. Biawak 11(1): 19-27.

Camina Vega, A.; Wefer, E. 2016. Remarks on a case of deformities in a female Varanus pilbarensis. Biawak 10(2): 51-53.

Doody, J.S.; Schembri, B.; Sweet, S.S. 2015. Natural history notes: Varanus pilbarensis (Pilbara Rock Monitor) and Varanus glauerti (Kimberly Rock Monitor). Tail display behavior. Herpetological Review 46(3): 439-440.

Eidenmüller, B.; Langner, C. 1998. Bemerkungen zu Haltung und Zucht des Pilbara-Felsenwarans Varanus pilbarensis Storr, 1980. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 20(117): 5-10.

Hoerenberg, T. 2013. Der Pilbara-Waran, Varanus pilbarensis – Haltung und Nachzucht. Draco 14(53): 31-36.

Maryan, B.; Oliver, P.M.; Fitch, A.J.; O'Connell, M. 2014. Molecular and morphological assessment of Varanus pilbarensis (Squamata: Varanidae), with a description of a new species from the southern Pilbara, Western Australia. Zootaxa 3768(2): 139-158.

Oliver, P.; Doughty, P.; Wilson, S.; Ellis, R.; Macdonald, S.M. 2018. Varanus pilbarensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83778365A101752350. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83778365A101752350.en.

Retes, F.; Bennett, D. 2001. Multiple generations, multiple clutches, and early maturity in four species of monitor lizards (Varanidae) bred in captivity. Herpetological Review 32(4): 244-245.

Storr, G.M. 1980. The monitor lizards (genus Varanus Merrem, 1820) of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 8(2): 237-293.

Varanus prasinus

Allison, A.; Shea, G.; Tallowin, O. 2016. Varanus reisingeri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T42485766A42485769. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42485766A42485769.en.

Baldwin, B. 2006. Successful care and reproduction of green tree monitors (Varanus prasinus) at the San Diego Zoo. Iguana (West Hartford) 13(4): 283-287.

Böhme, W.; Koch, A. 2010. On the type selection and re-typification of two monitor lizard taxa (Squamata: Varanidae): Monitor bivittatus celebensis Schlegel, 1844 and Monitor kordensis Meyer, 1874; with some comments and corrections on other name-bearing type specimens. Zootaxa 2440: 60-68.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. Varanus melinus sp. n., ein neuer Waran aus der V. indicus-Gruppe von den Molukken, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(111): 26-34.

Bosch, H.A.J. in den 1999. Successful breeding of the Emerald monitor (Varanus p. prasinus) in the Lobbecke Museum + Aquazoo, Dusseldorf (Germany). Mertensiella 11: 225-226.

Bucklitsch, Y.; Böhme, W.; Koch, A. 2016. Scale morphology and micro-structure of monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae: Varanus spp.) and their allies: implications for systematics, ecology, and conservation. Zootaxa 4153(1): 1-192.

Clarke, R.H. 2004. A record of the Emerald Monitor Varanus prasinus from Boigu Island, Torres Strait, Australia. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 34(2): 70-71.

Czechura, G.V. 1980. The emerald monitor Varanus prasinus (Schlegel): an addition to the Australian mainland herpetofauna. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20(1): 103-109.

Dedlmar, A. 1994. Haltung und Nachzucht des Smaragdwarans (Varanus (Odatria) prasinus). Salamandra 30(4): 234-240.

Eidenmüller, B. 1998. Bemerkungen zur Haltung und Nachzucht von Varanus p. prasinus (Schlegel, 1939) und Varanus p. beccarii (Doria, 1874). Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 20(112): 8-13.

Eidenmüller, B. 2015. Smaragdwarane. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 94 pp.

Eidenmüller, B. 2016. Emerald Monitors - The Varanus prasinus Group. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 94 pp.

Eidenmüller, B.; Koch, A.; Köhler, J.; Wicker, R. 2017. New findings on the relationships among New Guinea tree monitor lizards of the Varanus prasinus (SCHLEGEL, 1839) complex (Squamata: Sauria: Varanidae). Herpetozoa 30(1-2): 9-20.

Eidenmüller, B.; Wicker, R. 2005. Eine weitere neue Waranart aus dem Varanus prasinus-Komplex von der Insel Misol, Indonesien. Sauria (Berlin) 27(1): 3-8.

Greene, H.W. 1986. Diet and arboreality in the emerald monitor, Varanus prasinus, with comments on the study of adaptation. Fieldiana Zoology 31: 1-12.

Hartdegen, R.W.; Roberts, D.T.; Chiszar, D. 2000. Laceration of prey integument by Varanus prasinus (Schlegel, 1839) and V. beccarii (Doria, 1874). Hamadryad 25(2): 196-198.

Jacobs, H.J. 2002. Zur morphologischen Variabilität der nominellen Smaragdwaran-Taxa Varanus prasinus (H. Schlegel, 1839) und V. kordensis (A.B. Meyer, 1874), mit Bemerkungen zur Erstzucht des letzteren. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 24(137): 21-34.

Jacobs, H.J. 2008. Zucht von Varanus reisingeri Eidenmüller & Wicker, 2005 mit Vergleich der Jugendkleider der V. prasinus-Gruppe und Bemerkungen zu deren Taxonomie. Sauria (Berlin) 30(1): 5-12.

Mann, H.J. 1976. Zur Behandlung eines Smaragdwarans, Varanus prasinus. Salamandra 12(4): 206-207.

Mendyk, R.W. 2015. Life expectancy and longevity of varanid lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) in North American zoos. Zoo Biology 34(2): 139-152.

Mertens, R. 1971. Über eine Waransammlung aus dem östlichen Neuguinea. Senckenbergiana Biologica 52: 1-5.

Mundhenk, K. 2008. Two observations of captured green tree monitors (Varanus prasinus) in the western province of Papua New Guinea. Biawak 2(3): 119-120.

Polleck, R. 2004. Haltung und Nachzucht von Varanus prasinus prasinus (Schlegel, 1839). Sauria (Berlin) 26(2): 43-45.

Shea, G.; Allison, A.; Parker, F.; Tallowin, O. 2016. Varanus prasinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T42485751A42485760. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42485751A42485760.en.

Shuter, A.D. 2014. A novel underwater foraging behavior observed in Varanus prasinus at the Wildlife Conservation Society's Bronx Zoo. Biawak 8(2): 61-63.

Sprackland, R.G. 1991. Taxonomic review of the Varanus prasinus group with descriptions of two new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30(3): 561-576.

Sprackland, R.G. 1991. The emerald monitor lizard, Varanus prasinus. Tropical Fish Hobbyist 39(8): 110-114.

Whittier, J.; Moeller, D.R. 1993. Varanus prasinus (the emerald goanna) on Moa Island, Torres Strait, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 34(1): 130.

Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 1996. Zur Hemiclitoris der squamaten Reptilien: Auswirkungen auf einige Methoden der Geschlechtsunterscheidung. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 18(101): 11-19.

Ziegler, T.; Schmitz, A.; Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2007. A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups. Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.

Varanus primordius

Bennett, D.; Sweet, S.S. 2010. Varanus primordius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T178030A7487647. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T178030A7487647.en.

Husband, G.A. 2001. Lebensweise und Haltung von Varanus primordius. Draco 2(3) (7): 50-54.

Husband, G.A. 2001. Natural history and captive maintenance of the northern bluntspined monitor Varanus primordius. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 31(2): 126-131.

Mertens, R. 1942. Eine weiterer neuer Waran aus Australien. Zoologischer Anzeiger (Leipzig) 138(1/2): 41-44.

Mertens, R. 1947. Ein weiterer neuer Waran aus Australien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 138(1/2) [1942]: 41-44.

Mertens, R. 1963. Ein wenig bekannter Zwergwaran, Varanus acanthurus primordius. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 16: 377-379.

Storr, G.M. 1966. Rediscovery and taxonomic status of Varanus primordius. Copeia 1966(3): 583-584.

Varanus rainerguentheri

Grabbe, J. 2014. Erster Nachweis von Parthenogenese bei Varanus rainerguentheri, einem Pazifikwaran aus derindicus-Gruppe. Terraria-Elaphe 2014(50): 38-42.

Grabe, J.; Koch, A. 2014. First and repeated cases of parthenogenesis in the varanid subgenus Euprepiosaurus (Varanus indicus species group) and the first successful breeding of V. rainerguentheri in captivity. Biawak 8(2): 79-87.

Somma, M.; Koch, A. 2012. New morphological and distributional data on Varanus rainerguentheri (Squamata: Varanidae), an endemic and little-known monitor lizard species of the Moluccas, Indonesia. Salamandra 48(4): 207-212.

Weijola, V.; Sweet, S.S. 2015. A single species of mangrove monitor (Varanus) occupies Ambon, Seram, Buru and Saparua, Moluccas, Indonesia. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 9(1): 14-23.

Weijola, V.S.A. 2010. Geographical distribution and habitat use of monitor lizards of the North Moluccas. Biawak 4(1): 7-23.

Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W.; Schmitz, A. 2007. A new species of the Varanus indicus group (Squamata, Varanidae) from Halmahera Island, Moluccas: morphological and molecular evidence. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin Zoologische Reihe 83: 109-119.

Varanus rasmusseni

Koch, A.; Gaulke, M.; Böhme, W. 2010. Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies. Zootaxa 2446: 1-54.

Sy, E.Y.; Quemado, R. 2014. Geographic distribution: Varanus rasmusseni (Rasmussen's Water Monitor Lizard). Herpetological Review 45(3): 464.

Varanus rosenbergi

Andrews, R.M.; Pezaro, N.; Doody, J.S.; Guarino, F.; Green, B. 2017. Oviposition to hatching: development of Varanus rosenbergi. Journal of Herpetology 51(3): 396–401

Arnaud, B. 2017. Predation on an eastern water dragon (Intellegama lesueurii) by a heath monitor (Varanus rosenbergi) in Royal National Park, Australia. Herpetology Notes 10: 339.

Bennett, D.; Sweet, S.S. 2010. Varanus rosenbergi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T178031A7488030. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T178031A7488030.en.

Case, T.J.; Schwaner, T.D. 1993. Island/mainland body size differences in Australian varanid lizards. Oecologia (Heidelberg) 94(1): 102-109.

Christian, K.; Weavers, B. 1994. Analysis of the activity and energetics of the lizard Varanus rosenbergi. Copeia 1994(2): 289-295.

Christian, K.A.; Conley, K.E. 1994. Activity and resting metabolism of varanid lizards compared with 'typical' lizards. Australian Journal of Zoology 42(2): 185-193.

Christian, K.A.; Weavers, B.W. 1996. Thermoregulation of monitor lizards in Australia: an evaluation of methods in thermal biology. Ecological Monographs 66(2): 139-157.

Clark, T.D.; Butler, P.J.; Frappell, P.B. 2006. Factors influencing the prediction of metabolic rate in a reptile. Functional Ecology 20(1): 105-113.

Ehmann, H.; Swan, G.; Swan, G.; Smith, B. 1991. Nesting, egg incubation and hatching by the heath monitor Varanus rosenbergi in a termite mound. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 21(1): 17-24.

Gaikhorst, G. 2002. Notes of termitarium nesting by Varanus rosenbergi in Western Australia. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 32(1): 4-5.

Georges, A. 1988. A herp happening. Newsletter of the Australian Society of Herpetologists 30: 19.

Glen, A.S.; Sutherland, D.R.; Cruz, J. 2010. An improved method of microhabitat assessment relevant to predation risk. Ecological Research 25(2): 311-314.

Green, B.; Dryden, G.; Dryden, K. 1991. Field energetics of a large carnivorous lizard, Varanus rosenbergi. Oecologia (Heidelberg) 88(4): 547-551.

Green, B.; King, D. 1978. Home range and activity patterns of the sand goanna, Varanus gouldii (Reptilia: Varanidae). Australian Wildlife Research 5(3): 417-424.

Green, B.; McKelvey, M.; Rismiller, P. 1999. The behaviour and energetics of hatchling Varanus rosenbergi. Mertensiella 11: 105-112.

King, D.; Green, B. 1979. Notes on diet and reproduction of the sand goanna Varanus gouldii rosenbergi. Copeia 1979(1): 64-70.

Kirshner, D.S. 2016. Notes on the nesting behaviors of Heath Monitors, Varanus rosenbergi Mertens, 1957, in the Sydney region. Pp. 105-121. In: Cota, M. (ed.). Proceedings of the 2015 Interdisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand. 247 pp.

Maryan, B.; Robinson, D. 1987. Field compatibility observation. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 17(1-2): 11-12.

Mertens, R. 1957. Eine neuer melanistischer Waran aus dem südlichen Australien. Zoologischer Anzeiger (Leipzig) 159: 17-20.

Mirtschin, P.J. 1982. The Goulds goanna, an Australian native, alien to Reevesby Island. South Australian Naturalist 57(1): 18-19.

Mirtschin, P.J. 1983. Further notes on the goulds goanna from Reevesby Island. South Australian Naturalist 58(1): 12.

Mirtschin, P.J.; Jenkins, R. 1985. History of the Goulds goanna from Reevesby Island. South Australian Naturalist 59(3): 41-42.

Overton, B.M. 1987. An observation of apparent goanna (Varanus rosenbergi) predation on a juvenile echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus var.). South Australian Naturalist 62(1): 84-85.

Rismiller, P.D.; McKelvey, M.W. 2000. Spontaneous arousal in reptiles? Body temperature ecology of Rosenberg's goanna, Varanus rosenbergi. pp. 57-64. In: Heldmaier, G. & Klingenspor, M. (eds.). Life in the cold: eleventh International Hibernation Symposium. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg & New York. 546 pp.

RisMiller, P.D.; McKelvey, M.W.; Green, B. 2010. Breeding phenology and behavior of Rosenberg's Goanna (Varanus rosenbergi) on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Journal of Herpetology 44(3): 399-408.

Rismiller, P.M.; McKelvey, M.W.; Steinlechner, S. 2007. Temperature and humidity in egg incubation mounds of Varanus rosenbergi. Mertensiella 16: 353-363.

Robinson, A.C.; Mirtschin, P.J.; Copley, P.B.; Canty, P.D.; Jenkins, R.B. 1985. The Reevesby Island goanna - a problem in conservation management. South Australian Naturalist 59(4): 56-62.

Schwaner, T.D. 1985. The eradication of a native animal from an island reserve - a critical assessment of the Reevesby Island goanna case history. South Australian Naturalist 59(4): 52-55.

Shea, G. 1994. Three species of goanna occur in the Sydney Basin. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 24(2): 14-18.

Smith, W.; Scott, I.A.W.; Keogh, J.S. 2007. Molecular phylogeography of Rosenberg's goanna (Reptilia: Varanidae: Varanus rosenbergi) and its conservation status in New South Wales. Systematics and Biodiversity 5(4): 361-369.

Sutherland, D.R. 2011. Dietary niche overlap and size partitioning in sympatric varanid lizards. Herpetologica 67(2): 146-153.

Tores, P.J. de; Sutherland, D.R.; Clarke, J.R.; Hill, R.F.; Garretson, S.W.; Bloomfield, L.; Struempher, L.; Glen, A.S.; Cruz, J. 2011. Assessment of risks to non-target species from an encapsulated toxin in a bait proposed for control of feral cats. Wildlife Research 38(1): 39-50.

Traynor, B. 2010. Observations of the heath monitor Varanus rosenbergi (Varanidae): a record from Gambo Hill near Rylstone, New South Wales. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 40(1): 58-62.

Twigg, L.E.; Kok, N.E.; Kirkpatrick, W.E.; Burrow, G. 2001. The longevity of 1080 egg-baits in a regularly baited nature reserve in south-western Australia. Wildlife Research 28(6): 607-618.

Varanus rudicollis

Barbour, T. 1932. A new Bornean monitor. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 13: 1-2.

Bayless, M.K. 1997. The rough-neck monitor lizard (Varanus rudicollis). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 32(12): 250-252.

Bayless, M.K. 2001. The black roughneck monitor: Malaysia's Tree Lizard. Reptile & Amphibian Hobbyist 6(9): 8-16.

Bennett, D.; Lim, B.L. 1995. A note on the distribution of Varanus dumerilii and V. rudicollis in Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 49(2): 113-116.

Gaalema, D.E. 2011. Visual discrimination and reversal learning in Rough-necked Monitor Lizards (Varanus rudicollis). Journal of Comparative Psychology 125(2): 246-249.

Gorman, G.C.; Gress, F. 1970. Chromosome cytology of four boid snakes and a varanid lizard, with comments on the cytosystematics of primitive snakes. Herpetologica 26: 308-316.

Gray, J.E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London. 289 pp.

Hamilton, R. 2012. First record of the Rough-necked Monitor Varanus rudicollis from Penang, Malaysia. Biawak 6(2): 78.

Harrison, J.L.; Lim, B.L. 1957. Monitor lizards of Malaya. Malayan Nature Journal 12(1): 1-10.

Horn, H.G.; Petters, G. 1982. Beiträge zur Biologie des Rauhnackenwarans, Varanus (Dendrovaranus) rudicollis Gray (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 18(1-2): 29-40.

Lim, B.L. 1958. The harlequin monitor lizard. Malayan Nature Journal 13: 70-72.

Mendyk, R.W. 2015. Life expectancy and longevity of varanid lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) in North American zoos. Zoo Biology 34(2): 139-152.

Mertens, R. 1950. Notes on some Indo-Australian monitors (Sauria, Varanidae). American Museum Novitates 1456: 1-7.

Mertens, R. 1964. Ein angeblich neuer Waran: Varanus swarti. Senckenbergiana Biologica 45(1): 23-25.

Simpson, M. 2008. Varanus rudicollis (rough-necked monitor) occurrence. Biawak 2(4): 169-170.

Wong, T.S. 2008. Varanus rudicollis (rough-necked monitor) occurrence. Biawak 2(4): 171-172.

Woodward, A.S. 1927. On Varanus komodoensis, V.salvator, V.albigularis and V.rudicollis. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1927: 256.

Varanus salvadorii

Anonymous. 1962. Photograph of Varanus salvadorii in colour. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 15: 353.

Camina, A.; Salinas, N.; Cuevas, J. 2013. Husbandry and breeding of the Crocodile Monitor Varanus salvadorii Peters & Doria, 1878 in captivity. Biawak 7(2): 56-62.

Horn, H.G.; Sweet, S.S.; Philipp, K.M. 2007. On the distribution of the Papuan monitor (Varanus salvadorii Peters & Doria, 1878) in New Guinea. Mertensiella 16: 25-43.

Mays, S. 2007. Husbandry and captive propagation of crocodile monitor, Varanus salvadorii, at the Houston Zoo. Mertensiella 16: 422-429.

Mendyk, R.W. 2015. Life expectancy and longevity of varanid lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) in North American zoos. Zoo Biology 34(2): 139-152.

Mertens, R. 1950. Der Schädel von Varanus salvadorii. Zoologischer Anzeiger (Leipzig) 145 (Ergänzungsband): 561-566.

Mertens, R. 1950. Notes on some Indo-Australian monitors (Sauria, Varanidae). American Museum Novitates 1456: 1-7.

Mertens, R. 1960. Der Papua-Waran. Kosmos (Stuttgart) 56: 547-549.

Mertens, R. 1971. Über eine Waransammlung aus dem östlichen Neuguinea. Senckenbergiana Biologica 52: 1-5.

Payson, H. 1962. [Colour photograph of Varanus salvadorii]. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 15(12): 353.

Rehak, I.; Velensky, P. 1998. [The biology of the monitor lizards Varanus prasinus, V. rudicollis and V. salvadorii in the Prague Zoological Gardens. 10. The Asian water monitor, Varanus salvadorii]. (In Czech). Akvarium Terarium 41(11): 53-55.

Rehak, I.; Velensky, P. 1998. [The biology of the monitor lizards Varanus prasinus, V. rudicollis and V. salvadorii in the Prague Zoological Gardens. 11. The Asian water monitor, Varanus salvadorii]. (In Czech). Akvarium Terarium 41(12): 52-56.

Schmicking, T.; Horn, H.G. 1997. Beobachtungen bei der Pflege und Nachzucht des Papuawarans, Varanus salvadorii (Peters & Doria, 1878). Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(106): 14-18, 20-23.

Shea, G.; Allison, A.; Parker, F.; O'Shea, M.; Tallowin, O. 2016. Varanus salvadorii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T42485775A42485784. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42485775A42485784.en.

Trout, T. 2007. Observations of breeding and nesting behaviors in captive Varanus salvadorii. Mertensiella 16: 441-447.

Waterloo, B.; Bayless, M.K. 2006. Notes on the breeding behaviour of the crocodile monitor (Varanus salvadorii) in captivity. Herpetological Bulletin 98: 2-6.

Whittaker, G.; Whittaker, M.; Coe, J. 2005. Prototyping naturalistic enrichment features: a case study. pp. 60-70. In: Clum, N.; Silver, S.; Thomas, P. (eds.). Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Environmental Enrichment, 31 July - 5 August 2005, New York, USA. Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx. 360 pp.

Varanus salvator

Anonymous. 1970. Breeding the Mugger crocodile and Water monitor, Crocodylus palustris and Varanus salvator, at Ahmedabad Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 10: 116-117.

Anonymous. 1980. International zoo news: San Antonio hatches Malayan water monitors. IZN (International Zoo News) 27(5-6): 51-52.

Anonymous. 2013. 641 monitor lizards captured in Thailand. Biawak 7(2): 50.

Abel, F. 1998. Status, population biology and conservation of the water monitor (Varanus salvator), the reticulated python (Python reticulatus), and the blood python (Python curtus) in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia - project report north Sumatra. Mertensiella 9: 111-117.

Amarasinghe, A.A.T.; Ghathuranga, G.; Suranjan Karunarathna, D.M.S. 2009. Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) in Rathgama Lagoon in Galle district, Sri Lanka. Biawak 3(3): 81-84.

Andrews, H.V. 1995. Sexual maturation in Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768), with notes on growth and reproductive effort. Herpetological Journal 5(1): 189-194.

Andrews, H.V.; Gaulke, M. 1990. Observations on the reproductive biology and growth of the water monitor (Varanus salvator) at the Madras Crocodile Bank. Hamadryad 15(1): 1-5.

Ardiantiono; Utoyo, L.; Arimbi, A.; Surahmat, F. 2017. Record of a Water Monitor with a foreign bone protruding from its tympanum. Biawak 11(1): 15-18.

Auffenberg, W. 1982. Catch a lizard, use a lizard. International Wildlife 12(6): 16-19.

Auliya, M.A. 2006. Taxonomy, life history and conservation of giant reptiles in west Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). Natur und Tier-Verlag, Münster. 432 pp.

Auliya, M.A.; Erdelen, W. 1999. A field study of the water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia - new methods and old problems. Mertensiella 11: 247-266.

Avadhani, R. 2008. Varanus salvator India's largest lizard the Water Monitor. Reptilia (GB) 57: 43-47.

Bennett, D. 2000. Notes on Varanus salvator marmoratus on Polillo Island, Philippines. pp. 29-32. In: Bennett, D. (ed.). Wildlife of Polillo Island, Philippines. University of Oxford - University of the Philippines at Los Banos Polillo '99 project. Final report. Viper Press, Glossop. 174 pp.

Bennett, D.; Gaulke, M.; Pianka, E.R.; Somaweera, R.; Sweet, S.S. 2010. Varanus salvator. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T178214A7499172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T178214A7499172.en.

Biswas, S.; Acharjyo, L.N. 1977. Notes on the ecology and biology of some reptiles occurring in and around Nandankanan Biological Park, Orissa. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 73(1-4): 95-109.

Biswas, S.; Kar, S. 1981. Some observations on nesting habits and biology of Varanus salvator (Laurenti) of Bhitarkanika Sanctuary, Orissa. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 78(2): 303-308.

Biswas, S.; Kar, S. 1982. Two new records of the species belonging to the genus Varanus Merrem, 1820 (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae) from Orissa. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 79(3-4): 515-520.

Böhme, W. 2002. Langjährige Haltung and Altersrekord eines Bindenwarans, Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) im Terrarium: zweithöchstes belegtes individuelles Lebensalter eines Vertreters der Varanidae. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 24(141): 26-28.

Böhme, W.; Koch, A. 2010. On the type selection and re-typification of two monitor lizard taxa (Squamata: Varanidae): Monitor bivittatus celebensis Schlegel, 1844 and Monitor kordensis Meyer, 1874; with some comments and corrections on other name-bearing type specimens. Zootaxa 2440: 60-68.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. Varanus melinus sp. n., ein neuer Waran aus der V. indicus-Gruppe von den Molukken, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(111): 26-34.

Borden, R. 2007. Varanus salvator (Asian Water Monitor) migration. Biawak 1(2): 84.

Bressani, R. 1976. The role of small animal species in nutrition and food production. Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization 10(4): 293-300.

Brongersma, L.D. 1947. Zoological notes from Port Dickson. 1. Amphibians and reptiles. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 27: 300-308.

Bullet, P. 1942. Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Gebisses von Varanus salvator. Vjschr. naturf, Ges. Zurich 87(3-4): 139-192.

Bundhitwongrut, T.; Saguensab, S.; Thirakhupt, K.; Pauwels, O.S.G. 2008. A case of predation of the Water Monitor Varanus salvator on the western snail-eating turtle Malayemys macrocephala (Reptilia: Varanidae & Bataguridae) in Bangkok. Biawak 2(3): 106-108.

Catibog, S.C. 1984. A documentation of animal tracks of some Philippine wildlife species. Sylvatrop 9(3-4): 141-166.

Cota, M. 2011. Burrows with submerged and water-filled entrances and nocturnal retirement of Varanus salvator macromaculatus in Thailand. Biawak 5(3): 44-47.

Cota, M. 2011. Mating and intraspecific behavior of Varanus salvator macromaculatus in an urban population. Biawak 5(1-2): 17-23.

Cota, M.; Chan-ard, T.; Makchai, S. 2009. Geographical distribution and regional variation of Varanus salvator macromaculatus in Thailand. Biawak 3(4): 134-143.

Cota, M.; Sommerlad, R. 2013. Notes and observations on the fish prey of Varanus salvator macromaculatus (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) in Thailand with a review of the fish prey of the Varanus salvator complex known to date. Biawak 7(2): 63-70.

Daltry, J. 1991. The social hierarchy of the water monitor, Varanus salvator. Hamadryad 16(1-2): 10-20.

Das, I. 1989. New evidence of the occurrence of water monitor (Varanus salvator) in Meghalaya. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 86(2): 253-255.

David, R. 1970. Breeding the Mugger crocodile and the water monitor, Crocodylus palustris and Varanus salvator, at Ahmedabad Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook (London) 10: 116-117.

Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1944. Four new races of the Kabaragoya lizard, Varanus salvator. Spolia Zeylanica 24: 59-62.

Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1947. The names of water monitors of Ceylon, the Nicobars and Malaya. Proceedings 3rd Ann. Sess. Ceylon Ass. Sci. (Sec. 2) Abstracts: 12.

Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1961. The water monitor of the Andaman Islands - a distinct subspecies. Spolia Zeylanica 29(2): 203-207.

Dryden, G.L.; Wikramanayake, E.D. 1991. Space and time sharing by Varanus salvator and Varanus bengalensis in Sri Lanka. Mertensiella 2: 111-119.

Du, Y.; Lin, L.; Yao, Y.; Lin, C.; Ji, X. 2014. Body size and reproductive tactics in varanid lizards. Asian Herpetological Research 5(4): 263-270.

Duengkae, P. 2008. Observation of Varanus salvator from Koh Tao Island in the Gulf of Thailand. Biawak 2(4): 159-161.

Duengkae, P.; Chuaynkern, Y. 2009. A road-killed Water Monitor Varanus salvator macromaculatus: negative impact from the forest route in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Biawak 3(1): 23-25.

Dwyer, Q.; Perez, M. 2007. Husbandry and reproduction of the black Water Monitor, Varanus salvator komaini. Biawak 1(1): 13-20.

Dwyer, Q.; Perez, M. 2007. Varanus salvator komaini (black Water Monitor) reproduction. Biawak 1(2): 89.

Erdelen, W. 1991. Conservation and population ecology of monitor lizards: the water monitor Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) in south Sumatra. Mertensiella 2: 120-135.

Erdelen, W. 1998. Trade in lizards and snakes in Indonesia - biogeography, ignorance, and sustainability -. Mertensiella 9: 69-83.

Fitzimons, J.; Thomas, J. 2016. Feeding behavior of an Asian Water Monitor Varanus salvator macromaculatus on a Bornean Bearded Pig Sus barbatus barbatus carcass. Biawak 10(2): 48-50.

Franco, R. 2007. Varanus salvator (Asian Water Monitor). Palawan, Philippines. Biawak 1(1): 41.

Gaulke, M. 1989. Beitrag zur Diskussion über das Geschlechtsverhaltnis der Warane am Beispiel des Bindenwarans Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768). Salamandra 25(3-4): 260-264.

Gaulke, M. 1989. Zur Biologie des Bindenwaranes, unter Berücksichtigung der paläogeographischen Verbreitung und der phylogenetischen Entwicklung der Varanidae. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 112: 1-242.

Gaulke, M. 1991. Systematic relationships of the Philippine water monitors as compared with Varanus s. salvator, with a discussion of dispersal routes. Mertensiella 2: 154-167.

Gaulke, M. 1992. Taxonomy and biology of Philippine water monitors (Varanus salvator). Philippine Journal of Science 121(4): 345-381.

Gaulke, M. 1998. Utilization and conservation of lizards and snakes in the Philippines. Mertensiella 9: 137-142.

Gaulke, M.; Erdelen, W.; Abel, F. 1999. A radio-telemetric study of the water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Mertensiella 11: 63-78.

Gaulke, M.; Silva, A. de 1997. Monitor lizards of Sri Lanka: preliminary investigations on their population structure. Lyriocephalus 3(1): 1-5.

Gaulke, M.; Silva, A. de 1997. Waranbeobachtungen auf Sri Lanka. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(107): 21-27.

Ghose, A.; Arambul, E.; Hakim, J.; Trageser, E.; Trageser, S.; Wiscovitz, A.; Rahman, S.C.; Gilding, L.; Jackson, M.; Lambert, D. 2015. Geographic distribution: Varanus salvator (Common Water Monitor). Herpetological Review 46(4): 571.

Gleeson, T.T. 1981. Preferred body temperature, aerobic scope, and activity capacity in the monitor lizard, Varanus salvator. Physiological Zoology 54(4): 423-429.

Goldthorpe, G.; Shepherd, C.R.; Hogg, S.; Leupen, B. 2010. Predation of water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) by smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) in Peninsular Malaysia. IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin 27(2): 78-84.

Gramentz, D. 2008. Einige Bemerkungen zur Ökologie und zum Verhalten von Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) im Südwesten von Sri Lanka. Sauria (Berlin) 30(3): 13-20.

Gramentz, D. 2010. Zur Wahl des Ruheplätzes von Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) an einem Flußufer in Sri Lanka. Sauria (Berlin) 32(1): 55-58.

Green, E.E. 1909. Arboreal habit of the "Kabaragoya" (Varanus salvator, Laur.). Spolia Zeylanica 6(23): 131.

Groves, J. 1984. Water monitor hatched. Chicago Herpetological Society Newsletter 1984(October): 1 p. (Unpaginated. Reprinted from AAZPA Newsletter, August 1984).

Hairston, C.; Burchfield, P. 1990. A sustained captive breeding program for a large varanid lizard Varanus salvator at the Gladys Porter Zoo. AAZPA Regional Conference Proceedings 1990: 22-28.

Hairston, C.S.; Burchfield, P.M. 1992. The reproduction and husbandry of the water monitor Varanus salvator at the Gladys Porter Zoo, Brownsville. International Zoo Yearbook 31: 124-130.

Harrison, J.L.; Lim, B.L. 1957. Monitor lizards of Malaya. Malayan Nature Journal 12(1): 1-10.

Heller, K.E.; Groth, J.; Traeholt, C. 1999. Behavioural responses to captivity stress in groups of wild-living water monitor lizards (Varanus salvator): an evolutionary approach. Malayan Nature Journal 53(4): 307-313.

Herrmann, H.W. 1999. Husbandry and captive breeding of the water monitor, Varanus salvator (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae) at the Cologne Aquarium (Cologne Zoo). Mertensiella 11: 95-103.

Hollowell, M. 1996. Experiences with a water monitor (Varanus salvator). Rephiberary 229: 9-13.

Honegger, R.E. 1969. Notes on some amphibians and reptiles at Zürich Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook (London) 9: 24-28.

Honneger, R.E.; Heuser, H. 1969. Beiträge zum Verhaltensinventar des Bindenwarans (Varanus salvator). Zoologische Garten (Leipzig) 36(4/5): 251-260.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1959. Opinion 540. Protection under the Plenary Powers of the specific names "bengalensis" Daudin, [1802], as published in the combination "Tupinambis bengalensis," and "salvator" Laurenti, 1768, as published in the combination "Stellio salvator" (Class Reptilia). Opinions of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 20(7): 77-86.

Iqbal, M.; Zockler, C.; Syroechkovskiy, E. 2013. White-bellied sea-eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster attempting to prey on water monitor Varanus salvator. Australian Field Ornithology 30(4): 206-209.

Jolley, E.; Meek, R. 2007. Varanus salvator (Water Monitor): intra-specific aggression. Herpetological Bulletin 101: 35-37.

Kaiser, H.; Taylor, D.; Heacox, S.; Landry, P.; Sánchez, C.; Ribeiro, A.V.; Araujo, L.L. de; Kathriner, A.; O'Shea, M. 2013. Conservation education in a post-conflict country: five herpetological case studies in Timor-Leste. Salamandra 49(2): 74-86.

Kala, N. 1998. Captive breeding of Varanus salvator andamanensis Deraniyagala, 1944. Hamadryad 22(2): 122-123.

Karunarathna, D.M.S.S.; Amarasinghe, A.A.T.; Ekanayake, E.M.K.B. 2008. Observed predation on a suckermouth catfish (Hypostomus plecostomus) by a Water Monitor (Varanus salvator) in Bellanwila-Attidiya Sanctuary. Biawak 2(1): 37-39.

Khan, M.K.M. 1969. A preliminary study of the water monitor Varanus salvator. Malayan Nature Journal 22: 64-68

Khan, M.M.H. 2007. Population structure and density of the prey of tigers (Panthera tigris) in the Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuary of Bangladesh. Malayan Nature Journal 59(3): 242-256.

Kiat, C.E. 2007. Feral iguana attacks Varanus salvator at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve. Biawak 1(1): 35-36.

Koch, A.; Auliya, M.; Schmitz, A.; Kuch, U.; Böhme, W. 2007. Morphological studies on the systematics of south east Asian Water Monitors (Varanus salvator complex): nominotypic populations and taxonomic overview. Mertensiella 16: 109-180.

Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2010. Heading east: a new subspecies of Varanus salvator from Obi Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia, with a discussion about the easternmost natural occurrence of Southeast Asian Water Monitor Lizards. Russian Journal of Herpetology 17(4): 299-309.

Kratzer, H. 1973. Beobachtungen über die Zeitigungsdauer eines Eigeleges von Varanus salvator. Salamandra 9(1): 27-33.

Lancelot, P. 1967. A kabaragoya and his dinner. Loris 11: 104-105.

Laurenti, J.N. 1768. Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austriacorum, quod authoritate et consensu. J.T. de Trattnern, Vienna. 214 pp.

Lawton, D.; Parlindungam, D.; Pratama, A.; Aswin, P.; Jundara, P.; Darmawan, R.; Ruyani, A.; Matthews, C.E.; Somers, A. 2018. Living among Water Monitors: an exploratory study of an urban Water Monitor (Varanus salvator) population in Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biawak 12(1): 42-47.

Lederer, G. 1929. Ein zahmer Bindewaran. Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde (Braunschweig) 26: 19-20.

Lim, B.L. 1973. Unusual predators of mouse-deer. Malayan Nature Journal 26(3-4): 170.

Lim, B.L. 2002. Reptiles as potential biocontrol agents of pest rodents in plantation areas. pp. 82-84. In: Loke, W.H.; Sastroutomo, S.S.; Caunter, I.G.; Ali, J.; Lum, K.Y.; Vijaysegaran, S. & Yong, H.S. (eds.). Biological control in the tropics: towards efficient biodiversity and bioresource management for effective biological control. Proceedings of the Symposium on Biological Control in the Tropics held at MARDI Training Centre, Serdang, Malaysia from 18-19 March 1999. CABI Publishing, Wallingford. 155 pp. (originally published in 1999).

Lisle, H.F. de 2007. Observations on Varanus s. salvator in north Sulawesi. Biawak 1(2): 59-66.

Lisle, H.F. de 2007. Varanid attacks. Biawak 1(2): 58.

Manthey, U.; Manthey, S. 2017. Amphibians and reptiles encountered in Laos: a travel report. Part 2: Lao Pako & Luang Namtha with a detour to Xishuangbanna, China (Feb./March 2003). Sauria (Berlin) 39(3): 3-24.

Mao, J.; Wang, Q.; Wu, K.; Liu, X.Z.; Yu, X.M.; Zuo, Z.L.; Li, H.W. 2009. [Primary explore of hand-rearing of Asian Water Monitor (Varanus salvator)]. (In Chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 28(1): 98-100.

Meek, R. 1978. On the thermal relations of two Oriental varanids: Varanus bengalensis nebulosis and Varanus salvator. Report Cotswold Herpetological Symposium 1978: 32-47.

Meer Mohr, J.C. van der 1930. Over eieren von Varanus salvator en Python curtus. De Tropische Natuur 19: 156-157.

Mendyk, R.W. 2011. Notes on the Malaysian "Black Dragon". Biawak 5(3): 41-43.

Mertens, R. 1956. Die Gültigkeit der Namen Varanus bengalensis (Daudin 1802) und Varanus salvator (Laurentus 1768). Senckenbergiana Biologica 37: 395-398.

Mukhopadhyay, A. 1980. Some observations on the biology of the openbill stork, Anastomus oscitans (Boddaert), in southern Bengal. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 77(1): 133-137.

Murthy, T.S.N. 1987. Herpetofauna of the Chilka Lagoon, Orissa, India. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 21-22: 8-12.

Murthy, T.S.N. 1988. An overview of the reptiles in the estuaries of India, with brief notes on their habits and distribution. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 24: 17-19.

Ng, M.; Mendyk, R.W. 2012. Predation of an adult Malaysian Water monitor Varanus salvator macromaculatus by an Estuarine Crocodile Crocodylus porosus. Biawak 6(1): 34-38.

Nijman, V. 2016. Perceptions of Sundanese men towards the consumption of Water Monitor lizard meat in West Java, Indonesia. Biawak 10(1): 22-25.

Oo Sai Sein Lin; Bates, P.J.J. 2016. The rediscovery of the Common Water Monitor Lizard Varanus salvator (Squamata: Varanidae) in northern Myanmar. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(5): 8827-8828.

Pandav, B. 1993. A preliminary survey of the water monitor (Varanus salvator) in Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, Orissa. Hamadryad 18: 49-51.

Pandav, B.; Choudhury, B.C. 1997. Diurnal and seasonal activity patterns of water monitor (Varanus salvator) in the Bhitarkanika mangroves, Orissa, India. Hamadryad 21: 4-12.

Pang, Q. 1998. [Anatomy of skeletal system of the monitor, Varanus salvalor [salvator]]. (In Chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 17(4): 171-175.

Pawlowski, S.; Krämer, C. 2008. In den Habitaten des Bindenwarans, Varanus salvator salvator (Laurenti 1768) auf Sri Lanka. Elaphe 16(4): 53-57.

Peris, L. 1967. A kabaragoya and his dinner. Loris 11: 104-105.

Petzold, H.G. 1967. Notizen zur Gewöllbildung bei einem Bindenwaran (Varanus salvator) und einige allgemeine Bemerkungen über Reptiliengewölle. Zoologische Garten 34: 134-138.

Platt, S.G.; Myo Min Win; Rainwater, T.R. 2018. Additional field records provide further resolution of the distribution of the Water Monitor Varanus salvator (Squamata: Varanidae) in northwestern Myanmar. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(10): 12425–12428.

Rashid, S.M.A.; Diong, C.H. 1999. Observations on Varanus salvator feeding on Oligodon octolineatus. Hamadryad 24(1): 48-49.

Rathnayake, N.D.; Herath, N.D.; Hewamathes, K.K.; Jayalath, S. 2003. The thermal behaviour, diurnal activity pattern and body temperature of Varanus salvator in central Sri Lanka. Hamadryad 27(2): 179-184.

Ratnayake, N.D. 2000. Warning displays of the Water Monitor Varanus salvator (Sauria: Varanidae). Loris 22(4): 48-49.

Rehakova-Petru, M.; Peske, L.; Danek, T. 2012. Predation on a wild Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta). Acta Ethologica 15(2): 217-220.

Rese, R. 1986. Der Kommentkampf bei Varanus salvator. Sauria (Berlin) 8(2): 27-29.

Rese, R. 1986. Varanus salvator cumingi Martin, 1838. Sauria (Berlin) 8(3): 28.

Riquier, M. 1998. Status, population biology and conservation of the water monitor (Varanus salvator), the reticulated python (Python reticulatus), and the blood python (Python curtus) in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia - project report Kalimantan. Mertensiella 9: 119-129.

Romer, J.D. 1963. Occurrence of the common water monitor Varanus salvator (Laurenti) in Hong Kong. Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society 6: 12.

Shija, C. 2002. Water Monitor and martial eagle contest piglet. CCA Ecological Journal 4: 39.

Shine, R.; Ambariyanto; Harlow, P.S.; Mumpuni 1998. Ecological traits of commercially harvested water monitors, Varanus salvator, in northern Sumatra. Wildlife Research 25(4): 437-447.

Shine, R.; Harlow, P.; Ambariyanto; Boeadi; Mumpuni; Keogh, J.S. 1998. Monitoring monitors: a biological perspective on the commercial harvesting of Indonesian reptiles. Mertensiella 9: 61-68.

Shine, R.; Harlow, P.S.; Keogh, J.S.; Boeadi 1996. Commercial harvesting of giant lizards: the biology of water monitors Varanus salvator in southern Sumatra. Biological Conservation 77(2-3): 125-134.

Sivakumar, K. 2000. Natural history notes: Varanus salvator (Water Monitor). Nesting behavior. Herpetological Review 31(4): 243-244.

Soler, J.; Martínez-Silvestre, A. 2013. Feral monitor lizards (Varanus spp.) in Catalonia, Spain: an increasing phenomenon. Biawak 7(1): 21-24.

Sourav, M.S.H.; Chowdhury, S.U.; Shahriar, C.R. 2012. Geographic distribution: Varanus salvator (Water Monitor Lizard). Bangladesh: Dhaka Division. Herpetological Review 43(4): 619-620.

Stanner, M. 2010. Mammal-like feeding behavior of Varanus salvator and its conservational implications. Biawak 4(4): 128-131.

Stringell, T.B.; Bangkaru, M.; Steeman, A.P.J.M. 2003. Egg harvesting, predation, and Green Turtle conservation in Pulau Banyak, Indonesia. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC 503: 164-165.

Suranjan Karunarathna, D.M.S.S.; Amarasinghe, A.A.T.; Vos, A. de 2008. Preliminary notes on the monitor lizards (family: Varanidae) within the National Zoological Gardens (NZG) Dehiwala, Colombo district, Sri Lanka. Biawak 2(3): 109-118.

Symons, C.T. 1912. A note on the arboreal habits of the Kabaragoya (Varanus salvator) and Talagoya (Varanus bengalensis). Spolia Zeylanica 8: 65-66.

Traeholt, C. 1993. Notes on the feeding behaviour of the water monitor, Varanus salvator. Malayan Nature Journal 46(3-4): 229-241.

Traeholt, C. 1994. Notes on the water monitor Varanus salvator as a scavenger. Malayan Nature Journal 47(3): 345-353.

Traeholt, C. 1994. The food and feeding behaviour of the water monitor, Varanus salvator, in Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 47(3): 331-343.

Traeholt, C. 1995. A radio-telemetric study of the thermoregulation of free living water monitor lizards, Varanus s. salvator. Journal of Comparative Physiology B Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 165(2): 125-131.

Traeholt, C. 1995. Notes on the burrows of the water monitor lizard, Varanus salvator. Malayan Nature Journal 49(2): 103-112.

Traeholt, C. 1997. Activity patterns of free-living water monitor lizards Varanus salvator. Malayan Nature Journal 50(4): 301-315.

Traeholt, C. 1997. Effect of masking the parietal eye on the diurnal activity and body temperature of two sympatric species of monitor lizards, Varanus s. salvator and Varanus b. nebulosus. Journal of Comparative Physiology B Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 167(3): 177-184.

Traeholt, C. 1997. Ranging behaviour of the water monitor lizard Varanus salvator. Malayan Nature Journal 50(4): 317-329.

Traeholt, C. 1998. Exploitation and trade of the water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) in Malaysia. Mertensiella 9: 131-135.

Trivalairat, P.; Srichairat, N.; Taksintum, W. 2016. Soil components of the Water Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator) nest - site selection in lower Central Thailand. Journal of Wildlife in Thailand 23(1): 45-52

Uyeda, L. 2009. Garbage appeal: relative abundance of Water Monitor lizards (Varanus salvator) correlates with presence of human food leftovers on Tinjil Island, Indonesia. Biawak 3(1): 9-17.

Uyeda, L.; Entang, I. 2014. Juvenile Varanus salvator predation on a Common Skink (Sphenomorphus sp.). Biawak 8(2): 64-65.

Uyeda, L.; Entang, I.; Wirsing, A.J.; Kyes, R. 2013. Nocturnal activity of Varanus salvator on Tinjil Island, Indonesia. Biawak 7(1): 25-30.

Uyeda, L.T.; Entang, I.; Azhari, P.; Pamungkas, J.; Wirsing, A.; Dyes, R.C. 2016. The role of traditional beliefs in conservation of herpetofauna in Banten, Indonesia. Oryx 50(2): 296-301.

Varadaraju. 2013. Present status of three monitor lizards (Varanus bengalensis, V. flavescens and V. salvator) in the Sunderbans. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 113(1): 203-210.

Villamor, C.I. 1993. Morphometry and conservation status of water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) in the Philippines. Asia Life Sciences 2(2): 113-120.

Vogel, P. 1979. Innerartliche Auseinandersetzungen bei freilebenden Bindenwaranen (Varanus salvator). (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 15(2): 65-83.

Vogel, P. 1979. Zur Biologie des Bindenwarens (Varanus salvator) im Westjavanischen Naturschutzgebiet Ujung Kulon. Dissertation, University of Basel.

Webb, G.J.W.; Vardon, M.J.; Boeadi 1996. An assessment of the harvest levels and status of three species of reptile (Varanus salvator, Python reticulatus and P. curtus) in Indonesia. pp. 75-82. In: Kitchener, D.J. & Suyanto, A. (eds.). Proceedings of the first international conference on Eastern Indonesian-Australian vertebrate fauna held at Manado, Indonesia, November 22-26, 1994. Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia. 174 pp.

Whitaker, R.; Whitaker, Z. 1980. Distribution and status of Varanus salvator in India and Sri Lanka. Herpetological Review 11(3): 81-82.

Whitaker, Z.; Whitaker, R.; Andrews, R.; Andrews, H. (eds.) 1988. News from the Madras Crocodile Bank. Hamadryad 13(1): 2.

Wickramasinghe, L.J.M.; Kekulandala, L.D.C.B.; Peabotuwage, P.I.K.; Karunarathna, D.M.S.S. 2010. A remarkable feeding behavior and a new distribution record of Varanus salvator salvator (Laurenti, 1768) in eastern Sri Lanka. Biawak 4(3): 93-98.

Wikramanayake, E.D. 1995. Activity and thermal ecophysiology of two sympatric monitor lizards in Sri Lanka. Journal of South Asian Natural History 1(2): 213-224.

Wikramanayake, E.D. 1995. Monitors around us. Loris 20(5): 202-205.

Wikramanayake, E.D.; Dryden, G. 1999. Implications of heating and cooling rates in Varanus bengalensis and V. salvator. Mertensiella 11: 149-156.

Wikramanayake, E.D.; Dryden, G.L. 1993. Thermal ecology of habitat and microhabitat use by sympatric Varanus bengalensis and V. salvator in Sri Lanka. Copeia 1993(3): 709-714.

Wikramanayake, E.D.; Green, B. 1989. Thermoregulatory influences on the ecology of two sympatric varanids in Sri Lanka. Biotropica 21(1): 74-79.

Woodward, A.S. 1927. On Varanus komodoensis, V.salvator, V.albigularis and V.rudicollis. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1927: 256.

Yong, D.L. 2011. Eating aliens: diet of the Grey-headed Fish-eagle Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus in Singapore. Forktail 27: 102-104.

Young, B.A.; Abishahin, G.; Bruther, M.; Kinney, C.; Sgroi, J. 1998. Acoustic analysis of the defensive sounds of Varanus salvator with notes on sound production in other varanid species. Hamadryad 23: 1-14.

Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 1996. Zur Hemiclitoris der squamaten Reptilien: Auswirkungen auf einige Methoden der Geschlechtsunterscheidung. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 18(101): 11-19.

Zwahlen, R. 1978. Zur Ernährung des Bindenwarans (Varanus salvator) in Gefangenschaft. Aquaria (St. Gallen) 25(7): 97-99.

Varanus samarensis

Koch, A.; Gaulke, M.; Böhme, W. 2010. Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies. Zootaxa 2446: 1-54.

Varanus scalaris

Allison, A.; Shea, G.; Woinarski, J.; Cogger, H. 2018. Varanus scalaris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T178032A44969426. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T178032A44969426.en.

Christian, K.; Bedford, G. 1996. Thermoregulation by the spotted tree monitor, Varanus scalaris, in the seasonal tropics of Australia. Journal of Thermal Biology 21(2): 67-73.

Sweet, S.S. 2007. Comparative spatial ecology of two small arboreal monitors in northern Australia. Mertensiella 16: 378-402.

Turner, G. 2010. Some predator-prey interactions involving reptiles and frogs from the wet tropics region, north Queensland. Queensland Naturalist 48(4-6): 78-84.

Varanus semiremex

Horn, H.G. 1985. Beiträge zum Verhalten von Waranen: die Ritualkämpfe von Varanus komodoensis Ouwens, 1912 und V. semiremex Peters, 1869 sowie die Imponierphasen der Ritualkämpfe von V. timorensis timorensis (Gray, 1831) und V. t. similis Mertens, 1958 (Sauria: Varanidae) Salamandra 21(2-3): 169-179.

Jackson, R. 2005. The poorly known rusty monitor Varanus semiremex: history, natural history, captive breeding and husbandry. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 35(1): 15-24.

Kinghorn, J.R. 1924. New Varanus from Coquet Island, Queensland. Records of the Australian Museum 14: 135-137.

Mertens, R. 1961. Varanus semiremex in Western Australia. Western Australian Naturalist 7(8): 209.

Peters, U. 1968. Fang und Haltung von Varanus storri, V. timorensis similis und Varanus semiremex. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 16(10): 338-340.

Peters, U. 1969. Beobachtungen am Mangrove-Waran, Varanus (Odatria) semiremex Peters, 1869. Aqua Terra 6: 61-63.

Peters, U. 1969. Fang und Haltung von Varanus storri, V. timorensis similis und V. semiremex. Aquarien Terrarien 16(10): 338-340.

Stettler, P.H. 1966. Einige Gefangenschaftsbeobachtungen an Varanus semiremex. Aquaterra 3: 95-98.

Varanus semotus

Weijola, V.; Donnellan, S.C.; Lindqvist, C. 2016. A new blue-tailed monitor lizard (Reptilia, Squamata, Varanus) of the Varanus indicus group from Mussau Island, Papua New Guinea. ZooKeys 568: 129-154.

Weijola, V.; Kraus, F.; Vahtera, V.; Lindqvist, C.; Donnellan, S.C. 2017. Reinstatement of Varanus douarrha Lesson, 1830 as a valid species with comments on the zoogeography of monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae) in the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Australian Journal of Zoology 64(6): 434-451.

Varanus similis

Berghof, H.P. 2001. Die Pflege und Vermehrung des kleinen neuguineischen Baumwaranes Varanus (Odatria) similis Mertens, 1958. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 23(135): 5-13.

Berghof, H.P. 2009. Der Getüpfelte Baumwaran - Varanus (Odatria) similis. Natur und Tier-Verlag, Münster. 64 pp.

Chippindale, P. 1991. Captive breeding of the Timor monitor (Varanus timorensis similis). Herpetological Review 22(2): 52-53.

Eidenmüller, B.; Wicker, R. 1991. Einige Beobachtungen bei der Pflege und Nachzucht von Varanus (Odatria) timorensis similis Mertens, 1958. Salamandra 27(3): 187-193.

Moldovan, D. 2007. Haltung und Zucht von Varanus (Odatria) similis Mertens, 1958. Sauria (Berlin) 29(3): 21-26.

Moldovan, D. 2008. Husbandry and captive reproduction of Varanus (Odatria) similis, Mertens, 1958. Biawak 2(2): 89-94.

Peters, U. 1968. Fang und Haltung von Varanus storri, V. timorensis similis und Varanus semiremex. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 16(10): 338-340.

Peters, U. 1969. Fang und Haltung von Varanus storri, V. timorensis similis und V. semiremex. Aquarien Terrarien 16(10): 338-340.

Rüegg, R. 1974. Nachzucht beim Timor-Baum-Waran, Varanus timorensis similis Mertens, 1958. Aqua Terra 8(62): 360-363.

Schmida, G.E. 1971. Der getüpfelte Baumwaran Australiens, Varanus timorensis similis. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 24: 168-170.

Valentic, R. 1996. Two lizards and a frog occupying multiple shelter sites within a hollow tree. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 26(1): 48.

Varanus sparnus

Doughty, P.; Kealley, L.; Fitch, A.; Donnellan, S.C. 2014. A new diminutive species of Varanus from the Dampier Peninsula, western Kimberley region, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 29(2): 128-140.

Doughty, P.; Shea, G. 2018. Varanus sparnus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83778858A101752360. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83778858A101752360.en.

Varanus spenceri

Horn, H.G. 1981. Varanus spenceri, nicht Varanus giganteus: eine Richtigstellung (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 17(1-2): 78-81.

Jackson, R.; Lemm, J.M. 2009. Stomach content note for a road-killed Varanus spenceri. Biawak 3(1): 18-20.

Lucas, A.H.S.; Frost, C. 1903. Description of two new Australian lizards, Varanus spenceri and Diplodactylus bilineatus. Proceedings Soc. Victoria (2) 15: 145-147.

Mertens, R. 1959. Über die Schädel einiger bemerkenswerter Warane Australiens. Vijschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 104 (Festschr. Steiner): 115-128.

Pengilley, R. 1981. Notes on the biology of Varanus spenceri and V. gouldii, Barkly Tablelands, Northern Territory. Australian Journal of Herpetology 1(1): 23-26.

Peters, U. 1968. Moloch horridus, Varanus spenceri, V. mitchelli, Egernia bungana und Heteronotia binoei im Taronga-Zoo, Sydney. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 21: 252-254.

Peters, U. 1969. Eiablage und Schlupf von Varanus spenceri. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 16(9): 306-307.

Peters, U. 1969. Zum ersten Mal in Gefangenschaft: Eiablage und Schlupf von Varanus spenceri. Aquarien Terrarien 16: 306-307.

Peters, U. 1969. Zum ersten Male nachgezüchtet: Spencers Waran. Aquarien Magazin 3: 412-413.

Peters, U. 1970. Taronga Zoo hatches Spencer's monitors. Animal Kingdom 73(2): 30.

Peters, U. 1971. The first hatching of Varanus spenceri in captivity. Bulletin Zoo. Man. 3(2): 17-18

Peters, U. 1986. Gelungene Aufzucht von Varanus spenceri (Lucas & Frost). Aquarium (Bornheim) 20(205): 377-379.

Shannon, R. 2008. Observations on three species of Varanus in Ilfracombe, Queensland. Biawak 2(2): 80-86.

Valentic, R. 1995. Further instances of nocturnal activity in agamids and varanids. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 25(1): 49-50.

Valentic, R.; Turner, G. 1997. Diet and reproductive status of a road-kill Spencer's monitor Varanus spenceri. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 27(2): 43-45.

Woolley, P.A.; Steinbauer, M.J.; Mifsud, G. 2010. Varanus spenceri: a last supper of grasshoppers (Acrididae). Biawak 4(1): 24-25.

Varanus spinulosus

Allison, A.; Hamilton, A.; Tallowin, O. 2013. Varanus spinulosus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T196662A2472069. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T196662A2472069.en.

Böhme, W.; Koch, A. 2010. On the type selection and re-typification of two monitor lizard taxa (Squamata: Varanidae): Monitor bivittatus celebensis Schlegel, 1844 and Monitor kordensis Meyer, 1874; with some comments and corrections on other name-bearing type specimens. Zootaxa 2440: 60-68.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. Varanus melinus sp. n., ein neuer Waran aus der V. indicus-Gruppe von den Molukken, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(111): 26-34.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 2007. Notes on the distribution, diet, hemipenis morphology and systematics of Varanus spinulosus Mertens, 1941. Mertensiella 16: 100-108.

Dwyer, Q. 2008. Field observations on Varanus spinulosus. Biawak 2(4): 162-168.

Sprackland, R.G. 1993. Rediscovery of a Solomon Islands monitor lizard (Varanus indicus spinulosus) Mertens, 1941. Vivarium (Lakeside) 4(5): 25-27.

Sprackland, R.G. 1994. Rediscovery and taxonomic review of Varanus indicus spinulosus Mertens, 1941. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 24(2): 33-39.

Varanus stellatus

Angelici, F.M.; Luiselli, L. 1999. Aspects of the ecology of Varanus niloticus (Reptilia, Varanidae) in southeastern Nigeria, and their contribution to the knowledge of the evolutionary history of V. niloticus species complex. Revue d'Ecologie la Terre et la Vie 54(1): 29-42.

Bayless, M.K. 1997. The distribution of African monitor lizards (Sauria: Varanidae). African Journal of Ecology 35(4): 374-377.

Bayless, M.K. 2008. Local names of Pan-African monitor lizards (Varanidae: Varanus: Polydaedalus). Biawak 2(2): 61-71.

Bayless, M.K.; Akani, G.C.; Luiselli, L. 2003. Daudin's monitor (Varanus ornatus, Daudin 1803) and its association with Ubani (Bonny Island), southern Nigeria. Herpetological Bulletin 83: 2-6.

Bayless, M.K.; Luiselli, L. 2000. The ecological distribution of monitor lizards (Reptilia, Varanidae) in Nigeria. Miscellania Zoologica (Barcelona) 23(1): 1-8.

Böhme, W.; Rödel, M.O.; Brede, C.; Wagner, P. 2011. The reptiles (Testudines, Squamata, Crocodylia) of the forested southeast of the Republic of Guinea (Guinee forestiere), with a country-wide checklist. Bonn Zoological Bulletin 60(1): 35-61.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. A taxonomic review of the Varanus (Polydaedalus) niloticus (Linnaeus, 1766) species complex. Herpetological Journal 7(4): 155-162.

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. Grosswarane im Museum Koenig, mit Bemerkungen zu Afrikas grosster Echse. Tier und Museum 5(3): 65-74.

Dowell, S.A.; Portik, D.M.; Buffrenil, V. de; Ineich, I.; Greenbaum, E.; Kolokotronis, S.O.; Hekkala, E.R. 2016. Molecular data from contemporary and historical collections reveal a complex story of cryptic diversification in the Varanus (Polydaedalus) niloticus species group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94(B): 591-604.

Firth, I.; Turner, M.; Robinson, M.; Meek, R. 2003. Response of monitor lizards (Varanus spp.) to a repeated food source evidence for association learning? Herpetological Bulletin 84: 1-4.

Gruetzner, T. 2003. Nachzucht von Varanus ornatus (Daudin, 1803). Elaphe 11(4): 25-34.

Hennessy, J. 2010. Parthenogenesis in an Ornate Nile Monitor, Varanus ornatus. Biawak 4(1): 26-30.

Luiselli, L.; Akani, G.C.; Capizzi, D. 1999. Is there any interspecific competition between dwarf crocodiles (Osteolaemus tetraspis) and Nile monitors (Varanus niloticus ornatus) in the swamps of central Africa? A study from southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Zoology (London) 247(1): 127-131.

Meierkord, R. 2007. Amputation der Schwanzspitze von Varanus ornatus (Daudin, 1803). Elaphe 15(2): 38-40.

Montuelle, S.J.; Herrel, A.; Libourel, P.A.; Daillie, S.; Bels, V.L. 2012. Flexibility in locomotor-feeding integration during prey capture in varanid lizards: effects of prey size and velocity. Journal of Experimental Biology 215(21): 3823-3835.

Montuelle, S.J.; Herrel, A.; Libourel, P.A.; Daillie, S.; Bels, V.L. 2012. Prey capture in lizards: differences in jaw-neck-forelimb coordination. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 105(3): 607-622.

Pauwels, O.S.G.; Carlino, P.; Chirio, L.; Meunier, Q.; Okouyi Okouyi, J.V.; Orbell, C.; Rousseaux, D.; Testa, O. 2017. Miscellanea Herpetologica Gabonica IX. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 52(6): 97-102.

Pauwels, O.S.G.; Chirio, L.; Neil, E.J.; Berry, S.; Texier, N.; Rosin, C. 2017. Miscellanea Herpetologica Gabonica VIII. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 52(3): 41-46.

Pauwels, O.S.G.; Garff, B. le; Ineich, I.; Carlino, P.; Melcore, I.; Boundenga, L.; Vigna, C.; Stévart, T.; Jeffery, K.; Orbell, C.; Squarcini, J.B.; Vande weghe, J.P.; White, L. 2016. Miscellanea Herpetologica Gabonica V & VI. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 51(11): 177-185.

Switak, K.H. 2004. Field notes for Varanus niloticus/ornatus in sub-Saharan Africa. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 39(3): 41-44.

Ullenbruch, K.; Grell, O.; Böhme, W. 2010. Reptiles from southern Benin, West Africa, with the description of a new Hemidactylus (Gekkonidae), and a country-wide checklist. Bonn Zoological Bulletin 57(1): 31-54.

Varanus storri

Bartlett, R.D. 1981. Notes on the captive reproduction of Storr's monitor Varanus storri. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 16(3): 65-66.

Bartlett, R.D. 1982. Initial observations on the captive reproduction of Varanus storri, Mertens. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 13(2): 6-7.

Bennett, D. 1993. Observations on the social interactions of Varanus (Odatria) storri in captivity. SWHS Journal 2(3): 2-6.

Eidenmüller, B. 1994. Bemerkungen zur Haltung und Zucht von Varanus acanthurus Boulenger, 1885, V. storri Mertens, 1966 und V. gilleni Lucas & Frost, 1895. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 16(88): 6-12.

Eidenmüller, B.; Horn, H.G. 1985. Eigene Nachzuchten und der gegenwärtige Stand der Nachzucht von Varanus (Odatria) storri Mertens, 1966. Salamandra 21(1): 55-61.

Flugi, U. 1990. Bericht über die Haltung und Nachzucht des Storr'schen Zwergwarans (Varanus storri Mertens, 1966). Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 12(67): 31-34.

McAlpin, S. 2000. Addition to the herpetofauna of Queensland's Brigalow Biogeographic Region. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 45(2): 394.

Mertens, R. 1966. Eine neuer Zwergwaran aus Australien. Senckenbergiana Biologica 47(6): 437-441.

Mudrack, W. 1969. Paarung und Eiablage bei Varanus storri Mertens, 1966. Aqua Terra 6: 25-28.

Peters, U. 1968. Fang und Haltung von Varanus storri, V. timorensis similis und Varanus semiremex. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 16(10): 338-340.

Peters, U. 1969. Fang und Haltung von Varanus storri, V. timorensis similis und V. semiremex. Aquarien Terrarien 16(10): 338-340.

Peters, U. 1973. A contribution on the ecology of Varanus storri. Koolewong 2(4): 12-13.

Peters, U. 1973. Ein Beitrag zur Ökologie von Varanus (Odatria) storri Mertens, 1966. Aquarium Aqua Terra 7(53): 462-463.

Rese, R. 1986. Varanus storri Mertens. Sauria (Berlin) 8(3): 55-56.

Shea, G. 2018. Varanus storri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83778907A101752370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83778907A101752370.en.

Stirnberg, E.; Horn, H.G. 1981. Eine unerwartete Nachzucht im Terrarium: Varanus (Odatria) storri (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 17(1-2): 55-62.

Storr, G.M. 1980. The monitor lizards (genus Varanus Merrem, 1820) of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 8(2): 237-293.

Varanus telenesetes

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 1997. Varanus melinus sp. n., ein neuer Waran aus der V. indicus-Gruppe von den Molukken, Indonesien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(111): 26-34.

Eidenmüller, B.; Koch, A.; Köhler, J.; Wicker, R. 2017. New findings on the relationships among New Guinea tree monitor lizards of the Varanus prasinus (SCHLEGEL, 1839) complex (Squamata: Sauria: Varanidae). Herpetozoa 30(1-2): 9-20.

Koch, A.; Ernst, N.; Eidenmüller, B.; Kraus, F. 2014. New data on the rare Varanus bogerti Mertens, 1950 and V. telenesetes Sprackland, 1991 (Squamata: Varanidae), two endemic monitor lizard taxa from island groups off southeastern New Guinea. Herpetological Journal 24(2): 111-122.

Shea, G.; Allison, A.; Sweet, S.S. 2016. Varanus telenesetes. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T178388A21647361. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T178388A21647361.en.

Sprackland, R.G. 1991. Taxonomic review of the Varanus prasinus group with descriptions of two new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30(3): 561-576.

Varanus timorensis

Behrmann, H.J. 1981. Haltung und Nachzucht von Varanus t. timorensis (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 17(3-4): 198-201.

Braunwalder, M.E. 1977. Bemerkungen und Erfahrungen mit künstlichen Rasenmatten in der Terraristik. Salamandra 13(3-4): 187-189.

Eidenmüller, B. 1986. Beobachtungen bei der Pflege und Nachzucht von Varanus (Odatria) t. timorensis (Gray, 1831) (Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 22(2-3): 157-161.

Geczy, C. 2009. Cannibalism in captive Varanus timorensis. Biawak 3(2): 61-63.

Horn, H.G. 1985. Beiträge zum Verhalten von Waranen: die Ritualkämpfe von Varanus komodoensis Ouwens, 1912 und V. semiremex Peters, 1869 sowie die Imponierphasen der Ritualkämpfe von V. timorensis timorensis (Gray, 1831) und V. t. similis Mertens, 1958 (Sauria: Varanidae) Salamandra 21(2-3): 169-179.

Izaber, F. 2001. Nachzucht eines ungewöhnlichen Warans. Reptilia (D) 6(27): 9.

King, D. 1993. Diet and reproductive condition of free-ranging Varanus timorensis. Western Australian Naturalist 19(3): 189-194.

Mertens, R. 1941. Zwei neue Warane des Australischen Faunengebietes. Senckenbergiana Biologica 23(4/6): 266-272.

Moehn, L.D. 1984. Courtship and copulation in the Timor monitor, Varanus timorensis. Herpetological Review 15(1): 14-16.

Nathansen, O. 1991. [Timor lizard, Varanus (Odatria) timorensis]. (In Danish). Newsletter of the Australian Society of Herpetologists 34(6): 129-130.

Ruegg, R. 1973. Vivarium Nachzucht beim Timor-Waran. Bulletin Zool. Garten Basel 31: 6-7.

Schmutz, E.; Horn, H.G. 1986. Der Lebensraum von Varanus (Odatria) t. timorensis (Gray, 1831) (Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 22(2-3): 147-156.

Tidemann, S.C.; Palmer, C.; Boyden, J.; Hunt, T. 1992. Predation on gouldian finch Erythrura gouldiae by reptiles. Corella 16(4): 105-106.

Varanus tristis

Akeret, B. 2006. Bau einer Grossterrarienanlage für Warane und Hornvipern. Draco 7(2) (26): 38-47.

Bennett, D. 1993. A note on a newly hatched Varanus tristis tristis in the Great Victoria Desert, Western Australia. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 44: 35-37.

Christian, T. 1981. Varanus tristis - a variable monitor. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 12(2): 7-12.

Eidenmüller, B. 1989. Beobachtungen bei der Haltung und Nachzucht von Varanus (Odatria) tristis orientalis Fry, 1913. Salamandra 25(3-4): 265-271.

Ellis, R.; Wilson, S.; Doughty, P.; Oliver, P. 2018. Varanus tristis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T83779050A101752380. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83779050A101752380.en.

Fitzgerald, M. 1984. A New South Wales record for the freckled tree monitor Varanus tristis orientalis. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 15(1): 23.

Goldberg, S.R. 2007. Notes on the reproductive biology of the rusty Desert Monitor, Varanus eremius, the sand monitor, Varanus gouldii, and the black-tailed monitor, Varanus tristis, (Squamata: Varanidae) from Western Australia. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 42(3): 47-49.

Hoerenberg, T. 2008. Erfahrungen mit Pflege und Nachzucht von Varanus (Odatria) tristis orientalis. Mit Anmerkungen zu Varanus (Odatria) tristis tristis. Reptilia (D) 13(73): 64-73.

Hoerenberg, T. 2013. Erfahrungen bei der Pflege und Nachzucht des Schwarzkopfwarans, Varanus tristis tristis. Draco 14(53): 69-77.

MacDonald, S. 2007. Observations on the stomach contents of a road-killed perentie, Varanus giganteus in western Queensland. Biawak 1(1): 21-23.

Maryan, B. 1989. Varanus tristis at Peak Charles. Western Australian Naturalist 17(8): 233.

Mertens, R. 1950. Notes on some Indo-Australian monitors (Sauria, Varanidae). American Museum Novitates 1456: 1-7.

Mertens, R. 1957. Two new goannas from Australia. Western Australian Naturalist 5(7): 183-187.

O'Dell, J. 2001. Successful captive propagation of the freckled monitor (Varanus tristis orientalis). Boydii 2001 (unnumbered): 18-20.

Peterson, M.; Metcalfe, D.C. 2004. Observations of potential predation of Lophognathus longirostris Boulenger, 1883 (Agamidae) by Varanus tristis tristis (Schlegel, 1839) (Varanidae). Herpetofauna (Sydney) 34(2): 123.

Pianka, E.R. 1971. Notes on the biology of Varanus tristis. Western Australian Naturalist 11(8): 180-183.

Pianka, E.R. 1982. Observations on the ecology of Varanus in the Great Victoria Desert. Western Australian Naturalist 15(2): 1-8.

Schardt, M. 2001. Haltung und Zucht von Varanus (Odatria) tristis orientalis Fry, 1913. Draco 2(3) (7): 62-66.

Shannon, R. 2008. Observations on three species of Varanus in Ilfracombe, Queensland. Biawak 2(2): 80-86.

Stammer, D. 1983. Letter to the editor. Varanus tristis orientalis. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 14(1-2): 91.

Sweet, S.S. 2007. Comparative spatial ecology of two small arboreal monitors in northern Australia. Mertensiella 16: 378-402.

Thompson, G.G.; Boer, M. de; Pianka, E.R. 1999. Activity areas and daily movements of an arboreal monitor lizard, Varanus tristis (Squamata: Varanidae) during the breeding season. Australian Journal of Ecology 24(2): 117-122.

Thompson, G.G.; Pianka, E.R. 1999. Reproductive ecology of the black-headed goanna Varanus tristis (Squamata: Varanidae). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 82(1): 27-31.

Thompson, G.G.; Pianka, E.R.; Boer, M. de 1999. Body temperatures of an arboreal monitor lizard, Varanus tristis (Squamata: Varanidae), during the breeding season. Amphibia-Reptilia 20(1): 82-88.

Wesiak, K. 2007. Die Nachzucht des Getüpfelten Baumwarans Varanus (Odatria) tristis orientalis Fry, 1913, als Resultat einer konstruktiven. Sauria (Berlin) 29(4): 49-52.

Varanus varius

Amir, Z. 2018. Relative abundance and risk assessment of Lace Monitors (Varanus varius) on Fraser Island, Queensland: Are monitors habituated to human presence? Biawak 12(1): 23-33.

Anson, J.R.; Dickman, C.R. 2013. Behavioral responses of native prey to disparate predators: naivet, and predator recognition. Oecologia (Berlin) 171(2): 367-377.

Anson, J.R.; Dickman, C.R.; Boonstra, R.; Jessop, T.S. 2013. Stress triangle: do introduced predators exert indirect costs on native predators and prey. PLoS ONE 8(4): e60916, 1-9.

Anson, J.R.; Dickman, C.R.; Handasyde, K.; Jessop, T.S. 2014. Effects of multiple disturbance processes on arboreal vertebrates in eastern Australia: implications for management. Ecography 37(4): 357-366.

Berg, A. 1913. Unser Buntwaran (Varanus varius). Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde 24: 717-719.

Boylan, T. 1995. Field observations, captive breeding and growth rates of the lace monitor, Varanus varius. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 25(1): 10-14.

Brattstrom, B.H. 1973. Rate of heat loss by large Australian monitor lizards. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 72(1): 52-54.

Bredl, J.; Schwaner, T.D. 1984. First record of captive propagation of the lace monitor, Varanus varius (Sauria: Varanidae). Herpetofauna (Sydney) 15(1): 20-21.

Brown, O.J.F.; Field, J.; Letnic, M. 2006. Variation in the taphonomic effect of scavengers in semi-arid Australia linked to rainfall and the El Nino Southern Oscillation. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 16(2): 165-176.

Carter, D.B. 1990. Courtship and mating in wild Varanus varius (Varanidae: Australia). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29(2): 333-338.

Carter, D.B. 1999. Nesting and evidence of parental care by the lace monitor Varanus varius. Mertensiella 11: 137-147.

Carter, D.B. 1999. Reproductive cycle of the lace monitor Varanus varius. Mertensiella 11: 129-135.

Christie, W. 1983. Successful introduction technique of three incompatible male lace monitors at the Indianapolis Zoo. Annual Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation and Husbandry Proceedings 6: 206-210.

Dow, D.D. 1980. Primitive weaponry in birds: the Australian brush-turkey's defence. Emu 80(2): 91-92.

Gillett, A.; Jackson, R. 2010. Human food scrap ingestion in two wild Lace Monitors Varanus varius. Biawak 4(3): 99-102.

Grundke, F.D.; Grundke, B. 1992. Feldherpetologische Beiträge zur Fauna Australiens. Teil 2: Beobachtungen an Varanus varius in New South Wales und Queensland, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der gebänderten Farbphase. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 14(80): 11-22.

Guarino, F. 2001. Diet of a large carnivorous lizard, Varanus varius. Wildlife Research 28(6): 627-630.

Guarino, F. 2002. Spatial ecology of a large carnivorous lizard, Varanus varius (Squamata: Varanidae). Journal of Zoology (London) 258(4): 449-457.

Guarino, F. 2007. Habitat selection by a large carnivorous lizard, Varanus varius. Mertensiella 16: 247-254.

Hamon, B. 2000. Observations of a black snake swallowing prey. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 30(2): 51.

Hawkeswood, T.J.; Metcalfe, D.C. 2016. Natural history notes: Varanus varius (Lace Monitor). Harassment by birds. Herpetological Review 47(3): 470-471.

Horn, H.G. 1980. Bisher unbekannte Details zur Kenntnis von Varanus varius auf Grund von feldherpetologischen und terraristischen Beobachtungen (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 16(1): 1-18.

Horn, H.G. 1991. Breeding of the lace monitor (Varanus varius) for the 1st time outside of Australia (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Mertensiella 2: 168-175.

Horn, H.G.; Visser, G.J.; Stirnberg, E. 1997. Über die erstmalige F2-Nachzucht des Buntwarans Varanus varius Shaw, 1790. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(108): 5-10.

Hoser, R. 1986. Varanus varius in captivity. ASRA (Association for the Study of Reptilia and Amphibia) Journal 3(1): 23-29.

Hoser, R. 1998. Lace monitors (Varanus varius) in the wild and in captivity in Australia, with reference to a collection of seven adults held in captivity for eight years. Monitor (Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society) 10(1): 22-30, 35-36.

Hoser, R.T. 2003. Incubation of Lace Monitor (Varanus varius) eggs. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 33(1): 26-28.

Jessop, T.S.; Gillespie, G.R.; Letnic, M. 2016. Examining multi-scale effects of the invasive fox on a large varanid (Varanus varius White, 1790) mesopredator. Pp. 221-236. In: Cota, M. (ed.). Proceedings of the 2015 Interdisciplinary World Conference on Monitor Lizards. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand. 247 pp.

Jessop, T.S.; Kearney, M.R.; Moore, J.L.; Lockwood, T.; Johnston, M. 2013. Evaluating and predicting risk to a large reptile (Varanus varius) from feral cat baiting protocols. Biological Invasions 15(8): 1653-1663.

Jessop, T.S.; Smissen, P.; Scheelings, F.; Dempster, T. 2012. Demographic and phenotypic effects of human mediated trophic subsidy on a large Australian lizard (Varanus varius): meal ticket or last supper. PLoS ONE 7(4): e34069, 1-8.

Jessop, T.S.; Urlus, J.; Lockwood, T.; Gillespie, G. 2010. Preying possum: assessment of the diet of Lace Monitors (Varanus varius) from coastal forests in southeastern Victoria. Biawak 4(2): 59-63.

Jones, A. 1998. Nocturnal activity in captive varanid lizards. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 28(2): 50-51.

Jones, A.A.; Metcalfe, D.C. 2013. Shelter from the storm: an unconventional refuge for a wild Varanus varius (White, 1790) (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Biawak 7(2): 54-55.

Kennerson, K. 1980. Carrion diet in the lace monitor Varanus varius. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 12(1): 36.

Kennerson, K.J. 1979. Remarks on the longevity of Varanus varius. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 10(2): 32.

Kingston, T.J. 1980. Predation by the lace monitor on chicks of the tawny frogmouth. Corella 4(1): 20.

Kirshner, D.S. 2007. Multiclutching in captive Lace Monitors (Varanus varius). Mertensiella 16: 403-421.

Krauss, P.; Horn, H.G. 2004. Lebensfähige Drillinge des Buntwarans, Varanus varius (White, 1790). Sauria (Berlin) 26(3): 3-6.

Longley, G. 1945. Notes on the lace monitor (Varanus varius). Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 1944-1945: 20-22.

Mansergh, I.; Huxley, L. 1985. Gould's wattled bat as a food item of the lace monitor. Victorian Naturalist 102(3): 93. (Incorrectly numbered as 103(3)).

Markwell, K. 1984. The artificial incubation of lace monitor Varanus varius eggs. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 15(1): 16-17.

McIlroy, J.C.; King, D.R.; Oliver, A.J. 1985. The sensitivity of Australian animals to 1080 poison. 8. Amphibians and reptiles. Australian Wildlife Research 12(1): 113-118.

Mckay, J.L. 2007. Notes on the mating and courtship of wild Lace Monitors (Varanus varius) in southeast Queensland. Queensland Naturalist 45(1-3): 20-25.

Meek, P.D. 2008. Tracking down the predator of radio-tagged bell miners Manorina melanophrys. Australian Field Ornithology 25(3): 153-155.

Menkhorst, P.W. 1984. Use of nest boxes by forest vertebrates in Gippsland: acceptance, preference and demand. Australian Wildlife Research 11(2): 255-264.

Metcalfe, D.C.; Jones, A.A. 2012. Varanus varius (Lace Monitor, Conmmon Goanna). Diet. Herpetological Bulletin 122: 40-41.

Metcalfe, D.C.; Richards, J. 2009. Natural history notes: Varanus varius (Lace Monitor). Predation. Herpetological Review 40(1): 92-93.

Midtgaard, R. 2003. Broget varan (Varanus varius) i Eungella-nationalparken i Queensland, Australien [The Lace Monitor (Varanus varius) in Eungella National Park in Queensland, Australia.] (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 46(6): 162-177.

Newsome, A.E.; Corbett, L.K.; Catling, P.C.; Burt, R.J. 1983. The feeding ecology of the dingo 1. Stomach contents from trapping in south-eastern Australia, and the non-target wildlife also caught in dingo traps. Australian Wildlife Research 10(3): 477-486.

Oakwood, M.; Marquart, L. 2007. Observations of diet of Lace Monitors (Varanus varius) in Gosford, New South Wales. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 37(1): 42-44.

Pascoe, J.H.; Mulley, R.C.; Spencer, R.; Chapple, R. 2011. Diet analysis of mammals, raptors and reptiles in a complex predator assemblage in the Blue Mountains, eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 59(5): 295-301.

Peters, U. 1967. Beobachtungen an Varanus varius (Shaw) in der Natur. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 20: 120-121.

Poiani, A. 1991. Anti-predator behaviour in the bell miner Manorina melanophrys. Emu 91(3): 164-171.

Seebacher, F. 2000. Heat transfer in a microvascular network: the effect of heart rate on heating and cooling in reptiles (Pogona barbata and Varanus varius). Journal of Theoretical Biology 203(2): 97-109.

Seebacher, F.; Grigg, G.C.; Eckstein, L.U.; Clauss, W. 2001. Changes in heart rate are important for thermoregulation in the varanid lizard Varanus varius. Journal of Comparative Physiology B Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 171(5): 395-400.

Shea, G. 1994. Three species of goanna occur in the Sydney Basin. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 24(2): 14-18.

Simpson, K.N.G. 1973. Amphibians, reptiles and mammals of the Murray River region between Mildura and Renmark, Australia. Mitteilungen Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg 34: 275-279.

Standen, R. 2001. Kingfisher thwarts goanna. Bird Observer (Nunawading) 811: 3.

Stebbins, R.C.; Barwick, R.E. 1968. Radiotelemetric study of thermoregulation in a lace monitor Varanus varius. Copeia 1968(3): 541-547.

Stirnberg, E. 1997. Die Haltung und Zucht des Australischen Buntwarans (Varanus varius) im Bochumer Tierpark. Zeitschrift des Kölner Zoo 40(2): 63-67.

Tasoulis, T. 1984. Observations on the lace monitor Varanus varius. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 15(1): 25.

Tasoulis, T. 1992. Nesting observations on the lace monitor Varanus varius. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 22(2): 46-47.

Towerton, A.; Lemckert, F. 2001. A note on two predation events of the Giant Burrowing Frog, Heleioporus australicus. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 31(1): 34-36.

Twigg, L.E. 1988. A note on agonistic behaviour in lace monitors Varanus varius. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 18(1): 23-25.

Vestjens, W.J.M. 1977. Reptilian predation on birds and eggs at Lake Cowal, N.S.W. Emu 77(1): 36-37.

Ward, D.L.; Carter, D.B. 1988. Carrion feeding in Varanus varius - notes from a field study. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 18(2): 22.

Weavers, B. 1984. A day in the life of Varanus varius. (Abstract). Newsletter of the Australian Society of Herpetologists 25: 55.

Weavers, B.W. 1988. Vital statistics of the lace monitor lizard (Varanus varius) in south-eastern Australia. Victorian Naturalist 105(6): 142-145.

Weavers, B.W. 1989. Diet of the lace monitor lizard (Varanus varius) in south-east Australia. Australian Zoologist 25(3): 83-85.

Weavers, B.W. 1993. Home range of male lace monitors, Varanus varius (Reptilia: Varanidae), in south-eastern Australia. Wildlife Research 20(3): 303-313.

Weavers, B.W. 2011. Solar absorptance, reflectance and emissivity of the skin of lace monitors (Varanus varius) in south-eastern Australia. Biawak 5(1-2): 10-16.

Webb, J.K. 1996. Observation of three dingoes killing a large lace monitor (Varanus varius). Australian Mammalogy 19(1): 55-56.

Webber, P. 1993. Miscellaneous herpetological field notes from north Queensland. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 23(2): 37-38.

Woodford, L.P.; Robley, A.; Maloney, P.; Reside, J. 2012. The impact of 1080 bait removal by Lace Monitors (Varanus varius) on a Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) control programme. Ecological Management & Restoration 13(3): 306-308.

Varanus yemenensis

Bayless, M.K. 1997. The distribution of African monitor lizards (Sauria: Varanidae). African Journal of Ecology 35(4): 374-377.

Becker, H.O. 1991. The lung morphology of Varanus yemenensis Bohme, Joger & Schätti, 1989, and its bearing on the systematics of the Afro-Asian monitor radiation. Mertensiella 2: 29-37.

Böhme, W. 1999. New records of SW Arabian monitor lizards, with notes on the juvenile dress of Varanus yemenensis Bohme, Joger & Schätti, 1989. Mertensiella 11: 267-276.

Böhme, W.; Fritz, J.P.; Schutte, F. 1987. Neuentdeckung einer Grossechse (Sauria: Varanus) aus der Arabischen Republik Jemen. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 9(46): 13-20.

Böhme, W.; Joger, U.; Schätti, B. 1989. A new monitor lizard (Reptilia: Varanidae) from Yemen, with notes on ecology, phylogeny and zoogeography. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 10: 433-448.

Fritz, J.P.; Fritz, B. 1991. Karyotypic characterization of Varanus yemenensis. Mertensiella 2: 136-142.

Portik, D.M.; Papenfuss, T.J. 2012. Monitors cross the Red Sea: the biogeographic history of Varanus yemenensis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62(1): 561-565.

Sindaco, R.; Busais, S.M.S.; Al Jumaily, M.M.; Böhme, W.; Sweet, S.S.; Bennett, D. 2012. Varanus yemenensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T178647A1540624. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T178647A1540624.en.

Varanus yuwonoi

Harvey, M.B.; Barker, D.G. 1998. A new species of blue-tailed monitor lizard (genus Varanus) from Halmahera Island, Indonesia. Herpetologica 54(1): 34-44.

Milenkaya, O.; Mckay, J.L. 2016. Observation in the wild of the poorly-known Varanus yuwonoi. Biawak 10(1): 13-17.

Weijola, V.S.A. 2010. Geographical distribution and habitat use of monitor lizards of the North Moluccas. Biawak 4(1): 7-23.

Ziegler, T.; Böhme, W. 1999. Genital morphology and systematics of two recently described monitor lizards of the Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) indicus group. Mertensiella 11: 121-128.

Ziegler, T.; Schmitz, A.; Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2007. A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups. Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.

Varanus zugorum

Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 2005. A new monitor lizard from Halmahera, Moluccas, Indonesia (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae). Salamandra 41(1-2): 51-59.

Ziegler, T.; Schmitz, A.; Koch, A.; Böhme, W. 2007. A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups. Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.