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Taxonomy of the genus Xantusia Biodiversity of the family Xantusiidae

Bibliography of the genus
Xantusia (Northern Night Lizards)

(Reptilia: Sauria: Xantusiidae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Xantusia in general

Brattstrom, B.H. 1951. The number of young Xantusia. Herpetologica 7(3): 143-144.

Brattstrom, B.H. 1952. Food of the night lizards, genus Xantusia. Copeia 1952: 168-172.

Cope, E.D. 1895. On the species of Uma and Xantusia. American Naturalist 29: 938-939.

Denburgh, J. van 1895. The species of the genus Xantusia. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (2) 5: 523-534.

Klauber, L.M. 1931. A new species of Xantusia from Arizona, with a synopsis of the genus. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7: 1-16.

Leavitt, D.H.; Bezy, R.L.; Crandall, K.A.; Sites, J.W. 2007. Multi-locus DNA sequence data reveal a history of deep cryptic vicariance and habitat-driven convergence in the Desert Night Lizard Xantusia vigilis species complex (Squamata: Xantusiidae). Molecular Ecology 16(21): 4455-4481.

Lowe, C.H. 1948. Territorial behaviour in Xantusia. Herpetologica 4(6): 221-222.

Mautz, W.J.; Nagy, K.A. 2000. Xantusiid lizards have low energy, water, and food requirements. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73(4): 480-487.

Moll, E.O. 2003. Janos Xantus and Fort Tejon or how the night lizards got their name. Sonoran Herpetologist 16(5): 26-29.

Sinclair, E.A.; Bezy, R.L.; Bolles, K.; Camarillo-Rangel, J.L.; Crandall, K.A.; Sites, J.W. 2004. Testing species boundaries in an ancient species complex with deep phylogenetic history: genus Xantusia (Squamata: Xantusiidae). American Naturalist 164(3): 396-414. (Online enhancements available at www.journals.uchicago.edu/AN/journal/).

Xantusia arizonae

Bezy, R.L. 1967. Variation, distribution, and taxonomic status of the Arizona night lizard (Xantusia arizonae). Copeia 1967: 653-661.

Bezy, R.L. 2005. The night lizards (Xantusia) of Arizona. Sonoran Herpetologist 18(2): 14-19.

Goldberg, S.R.; Bezy, R.L. 2014. Natural history notes: Xantusia arizonae (Arizona Night Lizard). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 45(3): 508-509.

Johnson, T.B.; Schwalbe, C.R.; Bezy, R.L.; Lowe, C.H.; Spicer, R.B. 2001. Geographic distribution: Xantusia vigilis arizonae (Arizona Night Lizard). Herpetological Review 32(2): 121.

Klauber, L.M. 1931. A new species of Xantusia from Arizona, with a synopsis of the genus. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7: 1-16.

Maisano, J.A. 2002. Postnatal skeletal ontogeny in five xantusiids (Squamata: Scleroglossa). Journal of Morphology 254(1): 1-38.

Papenfuss, T.J.; Macey, J.R.; Schulte, J.A. 2001. A new lizard species in the genus Xantusia from Arizona. Scientific Papers Natural History Museum the University of Kansas 23: 1-9.

Xantusia bezyi

Bezy, R.L. 2005. The night lizards (Xantusia) of Arizona. Sonoran Herpetologist 18(2): 14-19.

Goldberg, S.R.; Bezy, R.L. 2014. Natural history notes: Xantusia bezyi (Bezy's Night Lizard). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 45(3): 509.

Papenfuss, T.J.; Macey, J.R.; Schulte, J.A. 2001. A new lizard species in the genus Xantusia from Arizona. Scientific Papers Natural History Museum the University of Kansas 23: 1-9.

Xantusia bolsonae

Flores-Villela, O.; Sanchez-Herrera, O.; Bezy, R.L. 1990. Geographic distribution: Xantusia bolsonae (Bolson Night Lizard). Herpetological Review 21(4): 97.

Goldberg, S.R.; Bezy, R.L. 2014. Natural history notes: Xantusia bolsonae (Bolsón Night Lizard). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 45(3): 509-510.

Webb, R.G. 1970. Another new night lizard (Xantusia) from Durango, Mexico. Contributions in Science (Los Angeles) 194: 1-10.

Xantusia extorris

Baker, R.H.; Baker, M.W.; Johnson, J.D.; Webb, R.G. 1981. New records of mammals and reptiles from northwestern Zacatecas, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 25(4): 568-569.

Castañeda-Gaytan, J.G.; Castañeda-Gaytan, J.G.; Cano-Villegas, O.; García-Vázquez, U.O. 2013. Distribución de Xantusia extorris en el estado de Coahuila, México, con aspectos de historia natural. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 29(1): 240-244.

Gadsden, H.; Castañeda, G.; Rodríguez, R.I.O. 2015. Natural history notes: Xantusia extorris (Durango Night Lizard). Field and preferred body temperature. Herpetological Review 46(3): 440-441.

Goldberg, S.R.; Bezy, R.L. 2014. Natural history notes: Xantusia extorris (Durango Night Lizard). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 45(3): 510.

Grenot, C.J.; Price, A.H. 1978. A new record of Xantusia vigilis extorris from Durango, Mexico. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 14(1): 39-43.

Webb, R.G. 1965. A new night lizard (genus Xantusia) from Durango, Mexico. American Museum Novitates 2231: 1-16.

Xantusia gilberti

Luja, V.H.; Granados, J.B. 2011. Natural history notes: Xantusia gilberti (Gilbert's Night Lizard). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 42(1): 97.

Xantusia gracilis

Grismer, L.L.; Galvan, M.A. 1986. A new night lizard (Xantusia henshawi) from a sandstone habitat in San Diego County, California. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 21(10): 155-165.

Henry, T.S.; Henry, G.S. 2015. Natural history notes: Xantusia gracilis (Sandstone Night Lizard). Diet and foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 46(1): 98.

Lovich, R. 2001. Phylogeography of the night lizard, Xantusia henshawi, in southern California: Evolution across fault zones. Herpetologica 57(4): 470-487.

Lovich, R.E.; Grismer, L.L. 2003. Xantusia gracilis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 772: 1-2.

Xantusia henshawi

Atsatt, S.R. 1925. Observations upon living Xantusia henshawi. Copeia 146: 71-72.

Cope, E.D. 1895. A new Xantusia. American Naturalist 29: 859.

Kabes, L.E.; Clark, R.W. 2016. The use of chemical cues by Granite Night Lizards (Xantusia henshawi) to evaluate potential predation risk. Copeia 104(4): 930–941.

Klauber, L.M. 1926. Field notes on Xantusia henshawi. Copeia 152: 115-117.

Lee, J.C. 1974. The autecology of Xantusia henshawi henshawi (Sauria: Xantusiidae). Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 17(19): 259-278.

Lee, J.C. 1974. The diel activity cycle of the lizard, Xantusia henshawi. Copeia 1974(4): 934-940.

Lee, J.C. 1976. Xantusia henshawi. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 189: 1-2.

Lovich, R. 2001. Phylogeography of the night lizard, Xantusia henshawi, in southern California: Evolution across fault zones. Herpetologica 57(4): 470-487.

Maisano, J.A. 2002. Postnatal skeletal ontogeny in five xantusiids (Squamata: Scleroglossa). Journal of Morphology 254(1): 1-38.

Mattison, C. 1980. The night lizards. Aquarist and Pondkeeper 45(4): 38-39.

Mautz, W.J.; Case, T.J. 1974. A diurnal activity cycle in the granite night lizard, Xantusia henshawi. Copeia 1974(1): 243-251.

Switak, K.H. 1978. Leben in der Wüste. Die Nachtechsen Xantusia vigilis und Xantusia henshawi. Aquarium (Bornheim) 12(107): 224-227.

Wilcox, M.D.; Myers, S.J.; Beaman, K.R.; McKernan, R.L. 1995. Geographic distribution: Xantusia h. henshawi (Granite Night Lizard). Herpetological Review 26(2): 109.

Xantusia jaycolei

Bezy, R.L.; Bezy, K.B.; Bolles, K. 2008. Two new species of night lizards (Xantusia) from Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 42(4): 680-688.

Xantusia riversiana

Amrein, Y.U.; Amerin, M.B. 1951. The number of young found in the island night lizard. Copeia 1951: 180.

Bezy, R.L.; Fellers, G.M.; Mautz, W.J. 1994. Island night lizard. pp. 274-275. In: Thelander, C.G. & Crabtree, M. (eds.): Life on the edge: a guide to California's endangered natural resources: wildlife. Biosystems Books, Santa Cruz, California. 550 pp.

Bridges, A.S.; Biteman, D.S.; Deleon, E.E.; Cross, B.E. 2015. Threatened San Clemente Bell's Sparrow nest depredated by Island Night Lizard. Western North American Naturalist 75(2): 248-249.

Fellers, G.M.; Drost, C.A. 1982. Life history notes: Xantusia riversiana (Island Night Lizard). Coloration. Herpetological Review 13(3): 95.

Fellers, G.M.; Drost, C.A. 1991. Ecology of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on Santa Barbara Island, California. Herpetological Monographs 5: 28-78.

Fellers, G.M.; Drost, C.A. 1991. Xantusia riversiana. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 518: 1-4.

Fellers, G.M.; Drost, C.A.; Murphey, T. 2009. Status of the island night lizard and two non-native lizards on outlying landing field San Nicolas Island, California. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1371: 1-22.

Fontaine, J.; Lovich, K.; Baldwin, B. 2016. Herpetoculture notes: Xantusia riversiana (Island Night Lizard). Captive diet. Herpetological Review 47(3): 410-411.

Holmes, I.A.; Mautz, W.J.; Rabosky, A.R.D. 2016. Historical environment is reflected in modern population genetics and biogeography of an island endemic lizard (Xantusia riversiana reticulata). PLoS ONE 11(11): e0163738.

Johnson, R.N.; Lillywhite, H.B. 1979. Digestive efficiency of the omnivorous lizard Klauberina riversiana. Copeia 1979(3): 431-437.

Knowlton, G.F. 1949. Food of the island night lizard (Xantusia riversiana reticulata Smith). Herpetologica 5(2): 45-46.

Maisano, J.A. 2002. Postnatal skeletal ontogeny in five xantusiids (Squamata: Scleroglossa). Journal of Morphology 254(1): 1-38.

Mautz, W.J. 1993. Ecology and energetics of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on San Clemente Island, California. pp. 417-428. In: Hochberg, F.G. (ed.). Third California Islands Symposium: recent advances in research on the California Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara. 661 pp.

Mautz, W.J.; Daniels, C.B.; Bennett, A.F. 1992. Thermal dependence of locomotion and aggression in a xantusiid lizard. Herpetologica 48(3): 271-279.

Peters, U. 1965. Beobachtungen an Xantusia riversiana. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 18: 52-54.

Regal, P.J. 1969. An analysis of heat-seeking in a lizard. Dissertation Abstracts International (B) 29: 4447.

Regal, P.J. 1974. Circadian and low frequency rhythms in the temperature preference of a lizard. pp. 709-711. In: Scheving, L.E.; Halberg, F. & Pauly, J.E. (eds.). Chronobiology. George Thieme Publishers, Stuttgart. 784 pp.

Rice, S.; Clark, R. 2016. Natural history notes: Xantusia riversiana (Island Night Lizard). Amelanism. Herpetological Review 47(4): 675.

Savage, J.M. 1951. Studies on the lizard family Xantusiidae. II. Geographical variation in Xantusia riversiana from the Channel islands of California. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41: 357-360.

Savage, J.M. 1957. Studies on the lizard family Xantusiidae. III. A new genus for Xantusia riversiana Cope, 1883. Zoologica (New York) 42: 83-86.

Schwenkmeyer, R.C. 1949. Food habits of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana reticulata, from San Clemente Island. Natural History Miscellanea (Chicago) 38: 1-3.

Smith, H.M. 1946. A subspecies of the lizard Xantusia riversiana. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 36(11): 392-393.

Xantusia sanchezi

Bezy, R.L.; Flores-Villela, O. 1999. A new species of Xantusia (Squamata: Xantusiidae) from Zacatecas, Mexico. Herpetologica 55(2): 174-184.

Cruz-Saenz, D.; Lazcano, D. 2012. Biological and ecological aspects of Xantusia sanchezi, an endangered lizard in an oak forest in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 83(1): 129-132.

Cruz-Saenz, D.; Santiago, J.L.O. de; Lazcano, D. 2013. Notes on the herpetofauna of western Mexico 8: diet items of the Zacatecas Night Lizard, Xantusia sanchezi, in an oak forest of Jalisco, Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 48(5): 67-69.

Ponce-Campos, P.; Huerta Ortega, S.M.; Nogueira-Gonzalez, C.; Smith, H.M. 2001. Natural history notes on the southern plateau night lizard, Xantusia sanchezi. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 37(1): 18-21.

Reyes-Velasco, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Jones, J.M.; Price, M.S.; Fisher, J.T. 2012. New distributional records for the herpetofauna of Mexico. Herpetological Review 43(3): 451-453.

Xantusia sherbrookei

Bezy, R.L.; Bezy, K.B.; Bolles, K. 2008. Two new species of night lizards (Xantusia) from Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 42(4): 680-688.

Xantusia sierrae

Bezy, R.L. 1967. A new night lizard (Xantusia vigilis sierrae) from the southern Sierra Nevada in California. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 4: 163-167.

Goldberg, S.R.; Bezy, R.L. 2014. Natural history notes: Xantusia sierrae (Sierra Night Lizard). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 45(4): 702-703.

Xantusia vigilis

Anonymous. 1977. Life strategy of the yucca night lizard. Herpetology 9(1): 6-7.

Banta, B.H. 1950. Record of Xantusia vigilis Baird from southern Nye County, Nevada. Herpetologica 6(2): 34.

Bezy, R.L. 1982. Xantusia vigilis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 302: 1-4.

Bezy, R.L. 2005. The night lizards (Xantusia) of Arizona. Sonoran Herpetologist 18(2): 14-19.

Brattstrom, B.H. 1952. Diurnal activities of a nocturnal animal. Herpetologica 8(3): 61-63.

Bryant, S.V.; Wozny, K.J. 1974. Stimulation of limb regeneration in the lizard Xantusia vigilis by means of ependymal implants. Journal of Experimental Zoology 189(3): 339-352.

Caswell, H.H. 1950. Rhythmic color change in the lizard Xantusia vigilis. Copeia 1950: 87-91.

Christenson, K. 1948. New locality record for Xantusia vigilis Baird. Herpetologica 4(6): 228.

Clark, H.O. 2010. A review of anthropogenic-sourced cover items used by the Desert Night Lizard (Xantusia vigilis). Sonoran Herpetologist 23(2): 23-24.

Cohen, H.J. 1982. Life history notes: Xantusia vigilis (Yucca Night Lizard). Herpetological Review 13(4): 126.

Cowles, R.B. 1952. Populations of Xantusia vigilis threatened with extermination. Copeia 1952: 118-119.

Davis, A.R. 2012. Kin presence drives philopatry and social aggregation in juvenile Desert Night Lizards (Xantusia vigilis). Behavioral Ecology 23(1): 18-24.

Davis, A.R.; Corl, A.; Surget-Groba, Y.; Sinervo, B. 2011. Convergent evolution of kin-based sociality in a lizard. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 278(1711): 1507-1514.

Davis, A.R.; Leavitt, D.H. 2007. Candlelight vigilis: a noninvasive method for sexing small, sexually monomorphic lizards. Herpetological Review 38(4): 402-404.

Davis-Rabosky, A.R.; Corl, A.; Liwanag, H.E.M.; Surget-Groba, Y.; Sinervo, B. 2012. Direct fitness correlates and thermal consequences of facultative aggregation in a desert lizard. PLoS ONE 7(7): e40866, 1-8.

Deacon, J.E.; Bradley, W.G.; Moor, K.S. 1966. Habitat of the lizard Xantusia vigilis in southern Nevada. Southwestern Naturalist 11: 126-128.

Fegler, R.S. 1965. Xantusia vigilis and its habitat in Sonora, Mexico. Herpetologica 21: 146-147.

Feldman, C.R.; Mulcahy, D.G.; Hansen, R.W. 2003. Geographic distribution: Xantusia vigilis (Desert Night Lizard). Herpetological Review 34(2): 167.

Fisher, E.M. 1936. Some observations on Xantusia vigilis Baird. Copeia 1936: 172-176.

Hanley, G.H. 1942. Extension of the range of Xantusia vigilis. Copeia 1942: 179.

Hawbecker, A.C. 1949. Extension of the range of the desert night lizard (Xantusia vigilis). Copeia 1949(1): 81-82.

Heimlich, E.M.; Heimlich, M.G. 1947. A case of cannibalism in captive Xantusia vigilis. Herpetologica 3(5): 149-150.

House, D.J.; Clause, A.G. 2016. Geographic distribution: Xantusia vigilis (Desert Night Lizard). Herpetological Review 47(3): 425.

Jones, K.B.; Porzer, L.M.; Bothwell, K.J. 1982. Herpetological records from west-central Arizona. Herpetological Review 13(2): 54.

Kaufmann, J.S.; Bennett, A.F. 1989. The effect of temperature and thermal acclimation on locomotor performance in Xantusia vigilis, the desert night lizard. Physiological Zoology 62(5): 1047-1058.

Kaufmann, J.S.; Tollestrup, K. 1981. Geographic distribution: Xantusia vigilis vigilis. Herpetological Review 12(1): 13.

Kiester, R. 1978. Notes from the Tempe herpetology convention. Desert night lizard. Herpetology (Pasadena) 10(1): 4.

Kour, E.L.; Hutchison, V.H. 1970. Critical thermal tolerances and heating and cooling rates of lizards from diverse habitats. Copeia 1970: 219-229.

Lowe, C.H. 1948. Effect of venom of Micruroides upon Xantusia vigilis. Herpetologica 4: 136.

Maisano, J.A. 2002. Postnatal skeletal ontogeny in five xantusiids (Squamata: Scleroglossa). Journal of Morphology 254(1): 1-38.

Mattison, C. 1980. The night lizards. Aquarist and Pondkeeper 45(4): 38-39.

Miller, M.R. 1951. Some aspects of the life history of the yucca night lizard, Xantusia vigilis. Copeia 1951: 114-120.

Miller, M.R. 1954. Further observations on reproduction in the lizard Xantusia vigilis. Copeia 1954: 38-40.

Morafka, D.J.; Banta, B.H. 1968. The addition of Xantusia vigilis (Reptilia: Lacertilia) to the known herpetofauna of Monterey County, California, with some ecological observations. Wasmann Journal of Biology 26(1): 151-153.

Morafka, D.J.; Banta, B.H. 1973. The distribution and microhabitat of Xantusia vigilis (Reptilia: Lacertilia) in the Pinnacles national monument, San Benito and Monterey counties, California. Journal of Herpetology 7(2): 97-108.

Papenfuss, T.J.; Macey, J.R.; Schulte, J.A. 2001. A new lizard species in the genus Xantusia from Arizona. Scientific Papers Natural History Museum the University of Kansas 23: 1-9.

Perkins, M.; Adolph, S.C.; Granite, S.; Hein, W. 1997. Natural history notes: Xantusia vigilis (Desert Night Lizard) and Sceloporus magister (Desert Spiny Lizard). Predation and diet. Herpetological Review 28(2): 89.

Randel, C.J.; Goldfarb, J.A.; Keller, A.C. 2009. Desert Night Lizard (Xantusia vigilis) density: Antelope Valley, California. Sonoran Herpetologist 22(12): 132-133.

Savage, J.M. 1952. Studies on the lizard family Xantusiidae. I. The systematic status of the Baja California night lizards allied to Xantusia vigilis, with the description of a new subspecies. American Midland Naturalist 48: 467-479.

Scott, R.R.; Bezy, R.L.; Scott, N.J. 1999. Geographic distribution: Xantusia vigilis vigilis (Desert Night Lizard). Herpetological Review 30(2): 112.

Slevin, J.R. 1949. Range extension of Xantusia vigilis. Herpetologica 5(6): 148.

Stebbins, R.C. 1948. New distributional records for Xantusia vigilis with observations on its habitat. American Midland Naturalist 89(1): 96-101.

Storey, M. 1940. Xantusia vigilis in Utah and Nevada. Copeia 1940: 135.

Switak, K.H. 1978. Leben in der Wüste. Die Nachtechsen Xantusia vigilis und Xantusia henshawi. Aquarium (Bornheim) 12(107): 224-227.

Tanner, W.W. 1957. A new Xantusia from southeastern Utah. Herpetologica 13: 5-11.

Tanner, W.W. 1958. Herpetological range extensions. Herpetologica 14: 195-196.

Tanner, W.W. 1958. Herpetology of Glen Canyon of the Upper Colorado River Basin. Herpetologica 14: 193-193.

Turner, F.B. 1959. Xantusia v. vigilis in Death Valley National Monument, California. Copeia 1959: 172-173.

Vitt, L.J. 1977. Observations on clutch and egg size and evidence for multiple clutches in some lizards of southwestern United States. Herpetologica 33(3): 333-338.

Yaron, Z. 1977. Embryo-maternal interrelations in the lizard Xantusia vigilis. pp. 271-277. In: Calaby, J.H. & Tyndale-Biscoe, C.H. (eds.). Reproduction and evolution. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra. 380 pp.

Zweifel, R.G.; Lowe, C.H. 1966. The ecology of a population of Xantusia vigilis, the desert night lizard. American Museum Novitates 2247: 1-57.

Xantusia wigginsi

Backlin, A.R.; Fisher, R.N. 2011. Geographic distribution: Xantusia wigginsi (Wiggin's Desert Night Lizard). Herpetological Review 42(3): 392.

Goldberg, S.R.; Bezy, R.L. 2014. Natural history notes: Xantusia wigginsi (Wiggins' Night Lizard). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 45(3): 510-511.

Savage, J.M. 1952. Studies on the lizard family Xantusiidae. I. The systematic status of the Baja California night lizards allied to Xantusia vigilis, with the description of a new subspecies. American Midland Naturalist 48: 467-479.

Shedd, J.D. 2010. Natural history notes: Xantusia wigginsi (Wiggins' Night Lizard). Defensive behavior. Herpetological Review 41(2): 234.