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Taxonomy of the genus Ctenosaura Biodiversity of the family Iguanidae

Bibliography of the genus
Ctenosaura (Northern Spiny-tailed Iguanas)

(Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Ctenosaura in general

Bailey, J.W. 1928. A revision of the lizards of the genus Ctenosaura. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 2733 73(12): 1-55, 57-58.

Davy, C.M.; Méndez-de la Cruz, F.R.; Lathrop, A.; Murphy, R.W. 2011. Seri Indian traditional knowledge and molecular biology agree: no express train for island-hopping spiny-tailed iguanas in the Sea of Cortes. Journal of Biogeography 38(2): 272-284.

Edwards, T.; Bonine, K.B.; Ivanyi, C.; PreScott, R. 2005. The molecular origins of the Spiny-tailed Iguanas (Ctenosaura) on the grounds of the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. Sonoran Herpetologist 18(11): 122-125.

Etheridge, R.E. 1982. Checklist of the iguanine and Malagasy iguanid lizards. pp. 7-37. In: Burghardt, G.M. & Rand, A.S. (eds.). Iguanas of the world: their behaviour, ecology and conservation. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey. 472 pp.

Evans, G.M. 1986. Notes on the captive care of juvenile Spiny-tailed Iguanas. Rephiberary 108: 3-4.

Friend, J.; Friend, C. 1983. Notes on spinytailed iguanas - Ctenosaura sp. Herptile 8(4): 147-149.

Gutsche, A.; Köhler, F. 2008. Phylogeography and hybridization in Ctenosaura species (Sauria, Iguanidae) from Caribbean Honduras: insights from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Zoosystematics and Evolution 84(2): 245-253.

Hasbun, C.R.; Gomez, A.; Köhler, G.; Lunt, D.H. 2005. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of the Mesoamerican spiny-tailed lizards (Ctenosaura quinquecarinata complex): historical biogeography, species status and conservation. Molecular Ecology 14(10): 3095-3107.

Köhler, G. 1991. Bibliographien der Gattungen Ctenosaura und Brachylophus. Iguana Rundschreiben 1991(2): 38-45.

Köhler, G. 1993. Schwarze Leguane: Freilandbeobachtungen, Pflege und Zucht. Published by the author, Hanau. 127 pp.

Köhler, G. 1995. Die Lokalnamen der Leguane der Gattung Ctenosaura Wiegmann, 1828. Sauria (Berlin) 17(2): 11-12.

Köhler, G. 1997. Zur Eiablage von Grossleguanen in der Natur und im Terrarium. Iguana Rundschreiben 10(1)(17): 32-36.

Köhler, G. 2002. Schwarzleguane. Lebensweise, Pflege, Zucht. Herpeton, Offenbach. 142 pp.

Köhler, G. 2004. Conservation status of Spiny-tailed Iguanas (genus Ctenosaura), with special emphasis on the utila iguana (C. bakeri). Iguana (West Hartford) 11(4): 206-211.

Köhler, G.; Gutman, A.J.; Binns, J. 2004. Spiny-tailed iguanas - captive care. Iguana (West Hartford) 11(1): 39-51.

Köhler, G.; Gutman, A.J.; Powell, R. 2003. Black Iguanas: name and systematics. Iguana (West Hartford) 10(3): 79-81.

Köhler, G.; Hasbún, C.R. 2001. A new species of Spiny-tailed Iguana from Mexico formerly referred to Ctenosaura quinquecarinata (Gray 1842) (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 81(1-2): 257-267.

Köhler, G.; Schroth, W.; Streit, B. 2000. Systematics of the Ctenosaura group of lizards (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 21(2): 177-191.

Malone, C.L.; Reynoso, V.H.; Buckley, L. 2017. Never judge an iguana by its spines: systematics of the Yucatan Spiny-tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura defensor (Cope, 1866). Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 115: 27-39

National Research Council 1991. Microlivestock: little-known small animals with a promising economic future. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 449 pp.

Pasachnik, S.A. 2006. Ctenosaurs of Honduras: notes from the field. Iguana (West Hartford) 13(4): 264-271.

Queiroz, K. de 1987. A new Spiny-tailed Iguana from Honduras, with comments on relationships within Ctenosaura (Squamata: Iguania). Copeia 1987(4): 892-902.

Rorabaugh, J.C.; Minter, S.L.; Devender, T.R. van; Jones, T.R.; Bygott, J.D. 2015. Distribution notes: Northernmost populations of Spiny-tailed Iguanas (Ctenosaura). Mesoamerican Herpetology 2(1): 127–130.

Townsend, J.H.; Krysko, K.L.; Enge, K.M. 2003. The identity of Spiny-tailed Iguanas, Ctenosaura, introduced to Florida, USA (Squamata: Sauria: Iguanidae). Herpetozoa 16(1-2): 67-72.

Villa, J.D.; Scott, N.J. 1967. The iguanid lizard Enyaliosaurus in Nicaragua. Copeia 1967(2): 474-476.

Wartenberg, L. 2013. [Endangerment and protection of the Spinytail Iguana (Ctenosaura)]. (In German). Iguana Rundschreiben 26(2): 20-33.

Zarza, E.; Reynoso, V.H.; Emerson, B.C. 2008. Diversification in the northern neotropics: mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogeography of the iguana Ctenosaura pectinata and related species. Molecular Ecology 17(14): 3259-3275.

Ctenosaura acanthura

Acevedo, M.; Veselý, M.; Sunyer, J.; Dwyer, Q. 2009. Geographic distribution: Ctenosaura acanthura (Northeastern Spinytail Iguana). Herpetological Review 40(4): 451.

Blair, K.B.; Killebrew, F.C.; Smith, H.M.; Chiszar, D. 1997. Mexican amphibians and reptiles in the West Texas A & M University Natural History Museum. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 32(8): 174-177.

Köhler, G.; Streit, B. 1996. Notes on the systematic status of the taxa acanthura, pectinata, and similis of the genus Ctenosaura (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 75(1-2): 33-43.

Mendoza-Quijano, F.; Mejenes-Lopez, S. de M.A.; Hernandez-Aquino, M.; Köhler, G. 2002. Ctenosaura acanthura (Shaw, 1802). An addition to the known fauna of the Mexican state of Hidalgo. Herpetozoa 15(1-2): 91-92.

Smith, P.W.; Burger, W.L. 1950. Herpetological results of the University of Illinois Field Expedition, Spring 1949. III. Sauria. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 53: 165-175.

Suarez-Domínguez, E.A.; Morales-Mavil, J.E.; Chavira, R.; Boeck, L. 2011. Effects of habitat perturbation on the daily activity pattern and physiological stress of the spiny tailed iguana (Ctenosaura acanthura). Amphibia-Reptilia 32(3): 315-322.

Wright, A.S. 1987. Ctenosaura acanthura, the Mexican Spiny-tailed Iguana. pp. 45-47. In: Welch, K.R. Handbook on the maintenance of reptiles in captivity. Robert E. Kreiger, Florida. 156 pp.

Ctenosaura bakeri

Boonman, J. 2002. The Utila Spiny-tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura bakeri, in its natural habitat and in captivity. Podarcis 3(2): 43-58.

Buckley, L.J.; Axtell, R.W. 1997. Evidence for the specific status of the Honduran lizards formerly referred to Ctenosaura palearis (Reptilia: Squamata: Iguanidae). Copeia 1997(1): 138-150.

Diener, E. 2007. Die Erdspitznatter Oxybelis aeneus und die Lianennatter Leptophis mexicanus als Prädatoren der Schwarzleguane Ctenosaura similis und C. bakeri. Elaphe 15(3): 59-62.

Dirksen, L. 2004. Beobachtung eines Paarungsversuchs zwischen einem Hybrid-Männchen (Ctenosaura bakeri x similis) mit einem Iguana iguana-Weibchen. Iguana Rundschreiben 17(2): 15-17.

Dirksen, L.; Blome, T.; Perez, H.; Köhler, G. 2004. Zur Nachzucht des Utila-Schwarzleguans (Ctenosaura bakeri) bei unterschiedlichen Inkubationstemperaturen in der Iguana Research and Breeding Station im Jahr 2004. Iguana Rundschreiben 17(2): 7-13.

Dirksen, L.; Gutsche, A. 2006. Beobachtungen zur Saurophagie bei Ctenosaura bakeri (Squamata: Iguanidae). Elaphe 14(3): 51-52.

Gutsche, A. 2005. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura bakeri (Utila Spiny-tailed Iguana). Predation. Herpetological Review 36(3): 317.

Gutsche, A. 2005. Distribution and habitat utilization of Ctenosaura bakeri on Utila. Iguana (West Hartford) 12(3): 143-151.

Gutsche, A. 2006. Population structure and reproduction in Ctenosaura bakeri on Isla de Utila. Iguana (West Hartford) 13(2): 108-115.

Gutsche, A.; Köhler, G. 2004. A fertile hybrid between Ctenosaura similis (Gray, 1831) and C. bakeri Stejneger, 1901 (Squamata: Iguanidae) on Isla de Utila, Honduras. Salamandra 40(3-4): 201-206.

Gutsche, A.; Streich, W.J. 2009. Demography and endangerment of the Utila Island Spiny-tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura bakeri. Journal of Herpetology 43(1): 105-113.

Hallmen, M.; Hallmen, S. 2011. Notiz über eine Beobachtung zur Saurophagie beim Utila-Schwarzleguan Ctenosaura bakeri. Elaphe 19(3): 11-13.

Köhler, G. 1994. Schutzprojekt. Utila-Schwarzleguan Ctenosaura bakeri. Iguana Rundschreiben 7(1)(13): 51-53.

Köhler, G. 1994. Vom Aussterben bedroht: Utila-Schwarzleguan. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 47(11): 688-689.

Köhler, G. 1995. Freilanduntersuchungen zur Morphologie und Ökologie von Ctenosaura bakeri und C. oedirhina auf den Islas de la Bahia, Honduras, mit Bemerkungen zur Schutzproblematik. Salamandra 31(2): 93-106.

Köhler, G. 1995. Schutz- und Forschungsprojekt Utila-Schwarzleguan. Bericht 1995. Zoologische Gesellschaft für Arten- und Populationsschutz E.V. Mitteilungen 11(2): 9-11.

Köhler, G. 1996. Schutz- und Forschungsprojekt Utila-Schwarzleguan. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 49(3): 181-183.

Köhler, G. 1997. Bericht des Jahres 1996 zum Schutz- und Forschungsprojekt: "Utila-Schwarzleguan". Zoologische Gesellschaft für Arten- und Populationsschutz E.V. Mitteilungen 13(1): 20-21.

Köhler, G. 1997. Schutz- und Forschungsprojekt Utila-Leguan. Bericht 1996. Iguana Rundschreiben 10(1)(17): 10-16.

Köhler, G. 1998. Ctenosaura bakeri Stejneger. Sauria (Berlin) 20(3): 417-420.

Köhler, G. 1998. Das Schutz- und Forschungsprojekt Utila-Schwarzleguan. Natur und Museum (Frankfurt am Main) 128(2): 44-49.

Köhler, G. 1998. Schutz- und Forschungsprojekt Utila-Schwarzleguan: Die Nachzucht von Ctenosaura bakeri Stejneger, 1901 im ex-situ-Zuchtprogramm. Salamandra 34(3): 227-238.

Köhler, G. 1998. Vom Aussterben bedroht - der Leguan von Utila. Reptilia (D) 3(14): 51-56.

Köhler, G. 1998. Zuchtprogramme in der AG IGUANA: Nachzucht von C. bakeri und Ctenosaura oedirhina. Iguana Rundschreiben 11(2)(20): 38-40.

Köhler, G. 1999. Artenschutz in Honduras: das Schutzprojekt Utila-Leguan. Kleine Senckenberg-reihe 32: 77-84.

Köhler, G.; Blinn, E. 2000. Natürliche Bastardierung zwischen Ctenosaura bakeri und Ctenosaura similis auf Utila, Honduras. Salamandra 36(1): 77-79.

Pasachnik, S.A.; Fitzpatrick, B.M.; Near, T.J.; Echternacht, A.C. 2009. Gene flow between and endangered endemic iguana, and its wide spread relative, on the island of Utila, Honduras: when is hybridization a threat? Does hybridization threaten an endangered iguana? Conservation Genetics 10(5): 1247-1254.

Pasachnik, S.A.; Montgomery, C.E.; Martínez, A.M.; Nardiah, B.; Clayson, S.; Faulkner, S. 2012. Body size, demography, and body condition in Utila Spiny-tailed Iguanas, Ctenosaura bakeri. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 7(3): 391-398.

Queiroz, K. de 1990. Ctenosaura bakeri. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 465: 1-2.

Radovanovic, A. 2014. Utila Island iguana, Ctenosaura bakeri enrichment at the Birmingham Wildlife Conservation Park. Herptile 39(3): 73-74.

Schulte, U. 2007. Beobachtungen zur Hybridisierung zwischen Ctenosaura similis (Gary, 1831) und Ctenosaura bakeri Stejneger 1901 auf Utila, Honduras. Elaphe 15(1): 55-59.

Schulte, U. 2007. Zur arborikolen Lebensweise des Utila-Leguans (Ctenosaura bakeri Stejneger, 1901) während der Trocken- und Regenzeit auf der honduranischen Karibikinsel Utila. Iguana Rundschreiben 20(1): 6-12.

Schulte, U.; Köhler, G. 2010. Microhabitat selection in the spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura bakeri on Utila Island, Honduras. Salamandra 46(3): 141-146.

Stejneger, L.H. 1901. On a new species of spiny-tailed iguana from Utilla Island, Honduras. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 23: 467-468.

Ctenosaura clarki

Duellman, W.E.; Duellman, A.S. 1959. Variation distribution and ecology of the iquanid lizard Enyaliosaurus clarki of Michoacan, Mexico. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 598: 1-10.

Gicca, D.F. 1982. Enyaliosaurus clarki. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 301: 1-2.

Perez-Ramos, E.; Saldaña-de la Riva, L. 2002. Distribucion Ecologica del "nopilchi" Ctenosaura clarki (Reptilia: Iguanidae), en las regiones de "Tierra Caliente" y "El Infiernillo", Guerrero-Michoacan, Mexico. Revista Digital Universitaria 3(2).

Pianka, E.R.; Smith, H.M. 1959. Distributional records for certain Mexican and Guatemalan reptiles. Herpetologica 15: 119-120.

Ctenosaura conspicuosa

Davy, C.M.; Méndez-de la Cruz, F.R.; Lathrop, A.; Murphy, R.W. 2011. Seri Indian traditional knowledge and molecular biology agree: no express train for island-hopping spiny-tailed iguanas in the Sea of Cortes. Journal of Biogeography 38(2): 272-284.

Grismer, L.L. 1999. An evolutionary classification of reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Herpetologica 55(4): 446-469.

Lowe, C.H.; Norris, K.S. 1955. Analysis of the herpetofauna of Baja California, Mexico. III. new and revived reptilian subspecies of Isla de San Esteban, Gulf of California, Sonora, Mexico, with notes on other satellite islands of Isla Tiburon. Herpetologica 11: 89-96.

Ctenosaura flavidorsalis

Eisenberg, T. 2001. Ctenosaura flavidorsalis (Köhler & Klemmer, 1994). Gelbrücken-Schwarzleguan. Reptilia (D) 6(27): 51-54.

Hasbun, C.R.; Köhler, G. 2001. On the identity of the holotype of Ctenosaura quinquecarinata (Gray 1842) (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 81(1-2): 247-255.

Hasbun, C.R.; Köhler, G. 2009. New species of Ctenosaura (Squamata, Iguanidae) from southeastern Honduras. Journal of Herpetology 43(2): 191-204.

Hasbun, C.R.; Köhler, G.; McCranie, J.R.; Lawrence, A. 2001. Additions to the description of Ctenosaura flavidorsalis Köhler & Klemmer, 1994 and its occurrence in south-western Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala (Squamata: Sauria: Iguanidae). Herpetozoa 14(1-2): 55-63.

Köhler, G. 1995. Neue Schwarzleguane der Gattung Ctenosaura aus Honduras und Mexico. Iguana Rundschreiben 8(1)(14): 21-23.

Köhler, G.; Klemmer, K. 1994. Eine neue Schwarzleguanart der Gattung Ctenosaura aus La Paz, Honduras. Salamandra 30(3): 197-208.

Ctenosaura hemilopha

Blazquez, M.C.; Rodriguez-Estrella, R. 2001. Winter refuge characteristics of Spiny-tailed Iguanas, Ctenosaura hemilopha, in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Journal of Arid Environments 49(3): 593-599.

Blazquez, M.C.; Rodriguez-Estrella, R. 2007. Microhabitat selection in diet and trophic ecology of a Spiny-tailed Iguana Ctenosaura hemilopha. Biotropica 39(4): 496-501.

Blazquez, M.C.; Rodriguez-Estrella, R.; Delibes, M. 1997. Escape behavior and predation risk of mainland and island spiny-tailed iguanas (Ctenosaura hemilopha). Ethology 103(12): 990-998.

Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Arnaud, G.; Martins, M.; Quintero-Díaz, G.E. 2016. Diet of Crotalus enyo (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Baja California Cape region, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 32(1): 45-48.

Carmen Blazquez, M.; Rodriguez-Estrella, R. 1997. Factors influencing the selection of basking perches on cardon cacti by spiny-tailed iguanas (Ctenosaura hemilopha). Biotropica 29(3): 344-348.

Carothers, J.H. 1981. Dominance and competition in an herbivorous lizard. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 8(4): 261-266.

Carothers, J.H. 1983. Size-related activity patterns in an herbivorous lizard. Oecologia (Heidelberg) 57(1-2): 103-106.

Cook, D.G.; Haussler, D. 2013. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura hemilopha (Baja California Spiny-tailed Iguana). Dispersal phenomenon. Herpetological Review 44(2): 321-322.

Goldberg, S.R.; Beaman, K.R. 2005. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura hemilopha (Cape Spiny-tailed Iguana). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 36(3): 317-318.

Grismer, L.L. 1999. An evolutionary classification of reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Herpetologica 55(4): 446-469.

McCoy, C.J.; Flores-Villela, O.A. 1985. Amphibians and reptiles of the Sesse & Mocino Expedition: a lost chapter in Mexican herpetology. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 54(5): 189-193.

Reynoso, V.H.; González, M.G.; González-Hernández, A.J. 2011. Geographic distribution: Ctenosaura hemilopha (San Esteban Island Iguana). Herpetological Review 42(4): 568.

Reynoso, V.H.; Hernández, A.G.; López-Forment, W. 2012. Geographic distribution: Ctenosaura hemilopha (Cape Spiny-tailed Iguana). Herpetological Review 43(2): 305.

Ruiz-Campos, G.; Valdez-Villavicencio, J.H. 2011. Geographic distribution: Ctenosaura hemilopha (Baja California Spiny-tailed Iguana). Herpetological Review 42(3): 391.

Smith, H.M. 1972. The Sonoran subspecies of the lizard Ctenosaura hemilopha. Great Basin Naturalist 32(2): 104-111.

Soulé, M. 1963. Aspects of thermoregulation in nine species of lizards from Baja California. Copeia 1963: 107-115.

Spray, D.C.; Belkin, D.B. 1973. Thermal patterns in the heating and cooling of Iguana iguana and Ctenosaura hemilopha. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (A) 44(3): 881-892.

Zweifel, R.G.; Norris, K.S. 1955. Contribution to the herpetology of Sonora, Mexico: descriptions of new subspecies of snakes (Micruroides euryxanthus and Lampropeltis getulus) and miscellaneous collecting notes. American Midland Naturalist 54: 230-249.

Ctenosaura macrolopha

Goldberg, S.R. 2009. Note on reproduction of the Sonoran Spiny-tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura macrolopha (Squamata: Iguanidae). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 44(3): 42-43.

Grismer, L.L. 1999. An evolutionary classification of reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Herpetologica 55(4): 446-469.

Sheetz, K.H.; Lemos-Espinal, J.A.; Smith, G.R. 2007. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura macrolopha (Mainland Spinytail Iguana). Diet; clutch size. Herpetological Review 38(1): 77-78.

Ctenosaura melanosterna

Buckley, L.J.; Axtell, R.W. 1997. Evidence for the specific status of the Honduran lizards formerly referred to Ctenosaura palearis (Reptilia: Squamata: Iguanidae). Copeia 1997(1): 138-150.

Heuvel, W. van der 2001. Beobachtungen an Ctenosaura melanosterna in der Natur und im Terrarium. Iguana Rundschreiben 14(2): 11-18.

Heuvel, W. van der 2003. Beobachtungen an Ctenosaura melanosterna Buckley & Axtell, 1997 in seinem natürlichen Verbreitungsgebiet und im Terrarium. Elaphe 11(3): 33-39.

Montgomery, C.E.; Pasachnik, S.A.; Ruyle, L.E.; Frazier, J.A.; Green, S.E.W. 2014. Natural history of the Black-chested Spiny-tailed Iguanas, Ctenosaura melanosterna (Iguanidae), on Cayo Cochnino Menor, Honduras. Southwestern Naturalist 59(2): 280-285.

Pasachnik, S.A.; Danoff-Burg, J.A.; Antunez, E.E.; Corneil, J.P. 2014. Local knowledge and use of the Valle de Aguan Spiny-tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura melanosterna, in Honduras. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 9(2): 436-447.

Pasachnik, S.A.; Echternacht, A.C.; Fitzpatrick, B.M. 2011. Population genetics of the Honduran spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura melanosterna: implications for conservation and management. Endangered Species Research 14(2): 113-126.

Pasachnik, S.A.; Montgomery, C.E.; Ruyle, L.E.; Corneil, J.P.; Antunez, E.E. 2012. Morphological and demographic analyses of the Black-chested Spiny-tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura melanosterna, across their range: implications for population level management. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 7(3): 399-406.

Reed, R.N.; Green, S.; Boback, S.M.; Montgomery, C.E. 2006. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura melanosterna (Black-chested Ctenosaur). Predation. Herpetological Review 37(1): 84.

Ctenosaura nolascensis

Davy, C.M.; Méndez-de la Cruz, F.R.; Lathrop, A.; Murphy, R.W. 2011. Seri Indian traditional knowledge and molecular biology agree: no express train for island-hopping spiny-tailed iguanas in the Sea of Cortes. Journal of Biogeography 38(2): 272-284.

Grismer, L.L. 1999. An evolutionary classification of reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Herpetologica 55(4): 446-469.

Ctenosaura oaxacana

Burre, G. 2004. Bastardierung zwischen Ctenosaura quinquecarinata und C. oaxacana. Iguana Rundschreiben 17(1): 17-21.

Castañeda-Hernández, C.; Canseco-Márquez, L.; Vargas-Orrego, M.E. 2015. Distribution notes: Additional distributional records for the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2(3): 368-370.

Corneil, J.P.; Montgomery, C.E.; Reynoso, V.H. 2015. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura oaxacana (Oaxacan Spiny-tailed Iguana). Predation. Herpetological Review 46(4): 630-631.

Hasbun, C.R.; Köhler, G. 2009. New species of Ctenosaura (Squamata, Iguanidae) from southeastern Honduras. Journal of Herpetology 43(2): 191-204.

Kartje, M.E.; Corneil, J.P.; Montgomery, C.E.; Reynoso, V.H. 2016. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura oaxacana (Oaxacan Spiny-tailed Iguana). Predation. Herpetological Review 47(3): 463.

Köhler, G.; Hasbún, C.R. 2001. A new species of Spiny-tailed Iguana from Mexico formerly referred to Ctenosaura quinquecarinata (Gray 1842) (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 81(1-2): 257-267.

Reynoso, V.H.; González, M.G.; González-Hernández, A.J. 2011. Geographic distribution: Ctenosaura oaxacana (Oaxacan Spiny-tailed Iguana). Herpetological Review 42(3): 391.

Valenzuela-Ceballos, S.; Castañeda-Gaytan, J.G.; Rioja-Paradela, T.; Carrillo-Reyes, A.; Bastiaans, E. 2015. Variation in the thermal ecology of an endemic iguana from Mexico reduces its vulnerability to global warming. Journal of Thermal Biology 48: 56-64.

Ctenosaura oedirhina

Gandola, R.; Hendry, C. 2011. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura oedirhina (Roatan Spiny-tailed Iguana). Diet. Herpetological Review 42(3): 428-429.

Goode, A.B.C.; Pasachnik, S.A. 2017. Piebaldism in Roatán Spiny-tailed Iguanas, Ctenosaura oedirhina. Herpetological Bulletin 136: 23-28.

Goode, A.B.C.; Pasachnik, S.A. 2018. Flight response and human habitation in an insular endemic lizard. Herpetological Review 49(2): 215-218.

Hendry, C.R.; Gandola, R. 2011. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura oedirhina (Roatan Spiny-tailed Iguana). Saurophagy. Herpetological Review 42(2): 273-274.

Kaiser, H.; Cole, C.; Matteson, A.B.; Mayer, T.A.; Simpson, A.L.; Wray, J.D.; Grismer, L.L. 2001. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura oedirhina (Roatan Spiny-tailed Iguana). Behavior. Herpetological Review 32(4): 253-254.

Köhler, G. 1995. Freilanduntersuchungen zur Morphologie und Ökologie von Ctenosaura bakeri und C. oedirhina auf den Islas de la Bahia, Honduras, mit Bemerkungen zur Schutzproblematik. Salamandra 31(2): 93-106.

Köhler, G. 1998. Zuchtprogramme in der AG IGUANA: Nachzucht von C. bakeri und Ctenosaura oedirhina. Iguana Rundschreiben 11(2)(20): 38-40.

Köhler, G.; Rittmann, D. 1998. Beobachtungen bei der erstmaligen Nachzucht des Roatan-Schwarzleguans Ctenosaura oedirhina De Queiroz, 1987. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 20(115): 5-10.

Pasachnik, S.A. 2011. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura oedirhina (Roatan's Spiny-tailed Ignana). Limb regeneration. Herpetological Review 42(4): 600.

Pasachnik, S.A. 2013. Growth, reproduction, and diet of Roatan Spiny-tailed Iguanas, Ctenosaura oedirhina, with notes on the status of the species. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 8(1): 191-198.

Pasachnik, S.A.; Chavarría, Z. 2011. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura oedirhina (Roatan's Spiny-tailed Iguana). Diet. Herpetological Review 42(3): 429.

Queiroz, K. de 1987. A new Spiny-tailed Iguana from Honduras, with comments on relationships within Ctenosaura (Squamata: Iguania). Copeia 1987(4): 892-902.

Queiroz, K. de 1990. Ctenosaura oedirhina. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 466: 1-2.

Rittmann, D. 2003. Eigene Erfahrungen bei der Haltung und Nachzucht des Roatan - Schwarzleguans Ctenosaura oedirhina De Queiroz 1987. Iguana Rundschreiben 16(1): 11-16.

Rittmann, D. 2007. Langjährige Haltung, Pflege und Nachzucht des Roatan-Schwarzleguans Ctenosaura oedirhina Queiroz, 1987 sowie Beobachtungen in dessen Lebensraum. Elaphe 15(3): 33-40.

Ctenosaura palearis

Ariano-Sánchez, D.; Gil-Escobedo, J. 2016. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura palearis (Guatemalan Spiny-tailed Iguana). Tail trifurcation. Herpetological Review 47(3): 463-464.

Braun, D. 1993. Erfahrungen bei der Pflege und Zucht von Ctenosaura palearis. Iguana Rundschreiben 6(2)(12): 13-18.

Buckley, L.J.; Axtell, R.W. 1990. Ctenosaura palearis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 491: 1-3.

Buckley, L.J.; Axtell, R.W. 1997. Evidence for the specific status of the Honduran lizards formerly referred to Ctenosaura palearis (Reptilia: Squamata: Iguanidae). Copeia 1997(1): 138-150.

Köhler, G. 1995. Ctenosaura palearis Stejneger. Sauria (Berlin) 17(3): 329-332.

Köhler, G.; Vesely, M. 1996. Freilanduntersuchungen zur Morphologie und Lebensweise von Ctenosaura palearis in Honduras und Guatemala. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 18(102): 23-26.

Pasachnik, S.A.; Ariano-Sánchez, D. 2010. CITES Appendix II listing for the Ctenosaura palearis clade: Developing conservation policies in Central America. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 17(3): 137-139.

Pasachnik, S.A.; Echternacht, A.C.; Fitzpatrick, B.M. 2010. Gene trees, species and species trees in the Ctenosaura palearis clade. Conservation Genetics 11(5): 1767-1781.

Schardt, M. 1995. Zur Maximalgrösse des Schwarzleguans Ctenosaura palearis Stejneger 1899. Iguana Rundschreiben 8(1)(14): 18-19.

Schardt, M. 1997. Zur Zucht von Ctenosaura palearis aus Honduras, mit Erkenntnissen zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 19(106): 26-34.

Stejneger, L.H. 1898. Description of a new species of spiny-tailed iguana from Guatemala. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 21: 381-383.

Vásquez-Contreras, A.; Ariano-Sánchez, D. 2016. Endozoochory by the Guatemalan Black Iguana, Ctenosaura palearis (Iguanidae), as a germination trigger for the Organ Pipe Cactus Stenocereus pruinosus (Cactaceae). Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(3): 662-668.

Ctenosaura pectinata

Anonymous. 1985. The Marine Observers' log - July, August, September. Lizard. Marine Observer 55(289): 115-116.

Ahumada-Carrillo, I.T.; Vázquez-Huizar, O.; Vázquez-Díaz, J.; García-Vázquez, U.O. 2011. Noteworthy records of amphibians and reptiles from Zacatecas, Mexico. Herpetological Review 42(3): 397-398.

Andrade-Soto, G.; Pérez-Pérez, A.; López-Moreno, A.E.; Suárez-Varón, G.; Suárez-Rodríguez, O.; Gribbins, K.M.; Hernández-Gallegos, O. 2017. Miscellaneous notes: A new locality for Ctenosaura pectinata (Wiegmann, 1834) (Squamata: Iguanidae) in central Mexico, with implications for its conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(1): 222-224.

Arcos-Garcia, J.L.; Cobos Peralta, M.A.; Reynoso, V.H.; Mendoza-Martinez, G.D.; Ortega-Cerrilla, M.E.; Clemente-Sanchez, F. 2002. Caracterizacion del crecimiento de la iguana negra (Ctenosaura pectinata) en cautiverio. Veterinaria Mexico 33(4): 409-419.

Arcos-Garcia, J.L.; Reynoso, V.H.; Mendoza-Martinez, G.D.; Hernandez-Sanchez, D. 2005. Identificacion del sexo y medicion del crecimiento en iguana negra (Ctenosaura pectinata) en las etapas de crfa y juvenil. Veterinaria Mexico 36(1): 53-62.

Ayala-Guerrero, F.; Huitron-Resendiz, S. 1991. Sleep patterns in the lizard Ctenosaura pectinata. Physiology & Behavior 49(6): 1305-1307.

Barragán-Ramírez, J.L.; Vásquez-Bolanos, M.; García-Vázquez, U.O. 2012. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura pectinata (Mexican Spiny-tailed Iguana). Albinism. Herpetological Review 43(2): 332-333.

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Camarillo-Rangel, J.L.; Aguilar-Cortes, R.; Gonzalez-Ruiz, A. 1985. Distributional records of amphibians and reptiles from the State of Mexico. Herpetological Review 16(3): 85.

Castro-Franco, R.; Bustos-Zagal, M.G.; Méndez-de la Cruz, F.R. 2011. Variation in parental investment and relative clutch mass of the spiny-tail iguana, Ctenosaura pectinata (Squamata: Iguanidae) in central Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 82(1): 199-204.

Castro-Franco, R.; Torre, G.G. de la 1990. Reptiles de la Isla La Pena, Nayarit, Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Serie Zoologia 61(1): 175-187.

Chrapliwy, P.S.; Fugler, C.M. 1955. Amphibians and reptiles collected in Mexico in the summer of 1953. Herpetologica 11: 121-128.

Clark, W.H.; Farley, S.D.; Bratz, R.D. 1980. A longevity record for Ctenosaura pectinata (Reptilia: Iguanidae). Herpetological Review 11(2): 33.

Conant, R. 1977. The Florida water snake (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae) established at Brownsville, Texas, with comments on other herpetological introductions in the area. Journal of Herpetology 11(2): 217-220.

Cooper, W.E.; Lemos-Espinal, J.A. 2001. Coordinated ontogeny of food preference and responses to chemical food stimuli by a lizard Ctenosaura pectinata (Reptilia: Iguanidae). Ethology 107(7): 639-653.

Cruz-Sáenz, D.; Lazcano, D.; Bailon-Cuellar, E.; Navarro-Velazquez, B. 2016. Notes on the herpetofauna of western Mexico 15: a new food item for the Western Spiny-tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura pectinata (Wiegmann, 1834). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 51(11): 187-190.

Cupul-Magaña, F.G.; Escobedo-Galván, A.H. 2016. Nature notes: Ctenosaura pectinata (Wiegmann, 1834). Bifurcated tail. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(3): 719-721.

Davis, W.B.; Dixon, J.R. 1961. Reptiles (exclusive of snakes) of the Chilpancingo region, Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 37-56.

Durtsche, R.D. 2000. Ontogenetic plasticity of food habits in the Mexican Spiny-tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura pectinata. Oecologia (Berlin) 124(2): 185-195.

Durtsche, R.D. 2004. Ontogenetic variation in digestion by the herbivorous lizard Ctenosaura pectinata. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 77(3): 459-470.

Evans, L.T. 1948. Social habits of the black iguana, Ctenosaura pectinata. Anatomical Record 101: 646.

Evans, L.T. 1951. Field study of the social behavior of the black lizard, Ctenosaura pectinata. American Museum Novitates 1493: 1-26.

Faria, C.M.A.; Zarza, E.; Reynoso, V.H.; Emerson, B.C. 2010. Predominance of single paternity in the black spiny-tailed iguana: conservation genetic concerns for female-biased hunting. Conservation Genetics 11(5): 1645-1652.

Flanigan, W.F. 1973. Sleep and wakefulness in iguanid lizards Ctenosaura pectinata and Iguana iguana. Brain. Behav. Evolut. 8(6): 401-436.

Fosdick, M.K. 1968. Distributional records from a collection of reptiles from western and central Mexico. Herpeton 3(1): 1-3.

Grant, P.R. 1967. Unusual feeding of lizards on an island. Copeia 1967: 223-224.

Köhler, G.; Streit, B. 1996. Notes on the systematic status of the taxa acanthura, pectinata, and similis of the genus Ctenosaura (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 75(1-2): 33-43.

Krysko, K.L. 2009. Geographic distribution: Ctenosaura pectinata (Mexican Spiny-tailed Iguana). USA: Florida. Herpetological Review 40(1): 112.

Lara-Resendiz, R.A.; Beltrán, I.; Díaz de la Vega-Pérez, A.H. 2016. Nature notes: Trimorphodon biscutatus. Diet, prey size and accidental mortality (Ctenosaura pectinata). Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(3): 749-751.

Lemos-Espinal, J.A.; Ballinger, R.E. 1994. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura pectinata (Mexican Spiny-tailed Iguana). Predation. Herpetological Review 25(1): 26.

Loc-Barragán, J.A.; Carbajal-Márquez, R.A. 2016. Nature notes: Agkistrodon bilineatus Günther, 1863. Diet. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(3): 733-735.

Loc-Barragán, J.A.; Madueño-Molina, A. 2017. Miscellaneous notes: Predatory attempts on Ctenosaura pectinata (Wiegmann, 1834) and Tropidodipsas philippii (Jan, 1863) by Felis catus, Schreber, 1777 (Mammalia: Felidae). Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(4): 986-987.

Locey, K.J.; Butler, C.J.; Martin, D.L. 2008. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura pectinata (Spiny-tailed Iguana). Population status. Herpetological Review 39(3): 348-349.

López-Ruvalcaba, O.A.; Arcos-García, J.L.; Mendoza-Martínez, G.D.; López-Pozos, R.; López-Garrido, S.J.; Velez-Hernández, L. 2012. [Reproductive parameters on female Black Lizard (Ctenosaura pectinata) under intensive conditions]. (In Spanish). Revista Cientifica (Maracaibo) 22(1): 65-71.

Mackay, R.S. 1968. Observations on peristaltic activity versus temperature and circadian rhythms in undisturbed Varanus flavescens and Ctenosauria pectinata. Copeia 1968: 252-259.

Mata-Silva, V.; García-Padilla, E.; DeSantis, D.L.; Rocha, A.; Wilson, L.D. 2016. Distribution notes: Ctenosaura pectinata (Wiegmann, 1834). Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(3): 769.

Mata-Silva, V.; Rocha, A.; García-Padilla, E.; DeSantis, D.L.; Wilson, L.D. 2016. Distribution notes: Ctenosaura pectinata (Wiegmann, 1834). Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(3): 767-768.

McCoid, M.J. 2002. Geographic distribution: Ctenosaura pectinata (Spinytail Iguana). Herpetological Review 33(4): 321.

Merlau, R. 2003. Zum Höchstalter bei Ctenosaura pecitinata. Iguana Rundschreiben 16(2): 31.

Penilla-Juárez, Á.; Cruz-Saenz, D.; Lazcano, D. 2013. Notes on the herpetofauna of western Mexico 9: current status of Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) and Western Spiny-tailed Iguanas (Ctenosaura pectinata) in the protected natural area 'Estero el Salado' in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 48(7): 92-97.

Quintero-Díaz, G.E.; Reyes-Ardit, R.; García-Balderas, C.M.; Valdéz-Jiménez, D.; Chávez-Floriano, C.; Muñíz-Salas, M.; Sosa-Vargas, C. 2013. Geographic distribution: Ctenosaura pectinata (Western Spiny-tailed Iguana). Herpetological Review 44(2): 273.

Rodriguez Juarez, C.; Osorno Cepeda, J.L. 1998. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura pectinata (Brown Iguana). Diet. Herpetological Review 29(2): 100.

Rodríguez-Canseco, J.M.; González-Estupiñan, K.L.; García Mata, E.S.; Villarreal-Méndez, J.; Bombela Cruz, A. 2016. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura pectinata (Western Spiny-tailed Iguana). Predation. Herpetological Review 47(1): 135.

Sánchez-Hernández, A.S.; Rosas-Espinoza, V.C.; Rodríguez Zaragoza, F.A. 2017. Canibalismo en Ctenosaura pectinata (Squamata: Iguanidae) en el parque nacional Isla Isabel, Nayarit, México. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 33(2): 386-388.

Templeton, J.R. 1967. Nasal salt gland excretion and adjustment to sodium loading in the lizard, Ctenosaura pectinata. Copeia 1967: 136-140.

Villegas Zurita, F.; Vazquez-Perez, D.B. 2001. Ctenosaura pectinata. The black iguana, biology, research, and conservation of a species endemic to Mexico. Reptilia (GB) 18: 33-38.

Zurita-Carmona, M.E.; Aguilar-Valdez, B.C.; Gonzalez-Embarcadero, A.; Mendoza-Martinez, G.D.; Arcos-Garcia, J.L. 2009. Composicion de la dieta, consumo de proteina y energia en Iguana Negra, Ctenosaura pectinata Wiegmann, 1834, y densidad poblacional en Santos Reyes Nopala, Oaxaca. Universidad y Ciencias 25(1): 103-109.

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Ctenosaura quinquecarinata

Burre, G. 2004. Bastardierung zwischen Ctenosaura quinquecarinata und C. oaxacana. Iguana Rundschreiben 17(1): 17-21.

Camarillo-Rangel, J.L. 1995. Distribution records for some amphibians and reptiles from Mexico. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 31(4): 195-197.

Duges, A. 1897. Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus. Naturaleza 2(2): 523-524.

Gicca, D.F. 1983. Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 329: 1-2.

Hasbun, C.R.; Köhler, G. 2001. On the identity of the holotype of Ctenosaura quinquecarinata (Gray 1842) (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 81(1-2): 247-255.

Hasbun, C.R.; Köhler, G. 2009. New species of Ctenosaura (Squamata, Iguanidae) from southeastern Honduras. Journal of Herpetology 43(2): 191-204.

Hidalgo, H. 1980. Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus (Gray) and Leptodeira nigrofasciata Gunther in El Salvador. Herpetological Review 11(2): 42-43.

Huy, A. 2008. Erfahrungen und Nachzucht des Fünfkiel-Schwarzleguans (Ctenosaura quinquecarinata). Iguana Rundschreiben 21(2): 5-9.

Köhler, G. 1989. Anmerkungen zu Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus. Sauria (Berlin) 11(3): 21.

Köhler, G. 1994. Zur Maximalgrösse des Fünfkiel-Schwarzleguans Ctenosaura quinquecarinata. Iguana Rundschreiben 7(1)(13): 27-28.

Köhler, G. 1995. Freilanduntersuchungen zur Morphologie und Lebensweise des Fünfkiel-Schwarzleguans Ctenosaura quinquecarinata am Isthmus von Tehuantepec, Mexiko. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 17(97): 21-26.

Otero, O.C.; Mendoza-Galan, C. 2011. Altitudinal distribution of Ctenosaura quinquecarinata subpopulations in western municipalities of Nicaragua. Mesoamericana 15(1): 77-82.

Rohde, H. 1989. Zur Pflege von Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus (Gray 1842). Sauria (Berlin) 11(2): 11-13.

Ulber, T.; Rohde, H. 1989. Zur Nomenklatur, Verbreitung und zum Aggressionsverhalten von Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus. Sauria (Berlin) 11(3): 21.

Villa, J.D. 1971. Notes on some Nicaraguan reptiles. Journal of Herpetology 5: 45-48.

Ctenosaura similis

Abraham, G. 1978. Schwarze Leguane aus dem Brutkasten. Zeitigung der Eier und Aufzucht der Jungen. Aquarien Magazin 12(10): 484-486.

Allentoft, M.E. 2005. Ctenosaura similis - dragerne ved Tulum. [Ctenosaura similis - the dragons at Tulum]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 48(2): 47-54.

Anderson, C.; Enge, K.M. 2011. Geographic distribution: Ctenosaura similis (Gray's Spiny-tailed Iguana). Herpetological Review 42(4): 568.

Anderson, C.; Enge, K.M. 2012. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura similis (Gray's Spiny-tailed Iguana) and Iguana iguana (Green Iguana). Carrion feeding. Herpetological Review 43(1): 131.

Arndt, R.G. 1999. Predation by the black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) on the painted ghost crab (Ocypode gaudichaudii) in Costa Rica. Florida Scientist 62(2): 111-114.

Arriaga-Noguez, A. 2003. Aspectos generales de la ecología de la iguana negra Ctenosaura similis (Iguanidae) de Isla Contoy, Quintana Roo. Boletin de la Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 11(1): 25-26.

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Avery, M.L.; Tillman, E.A.; Krysko, K.L. 2009. Natural history notes: Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher Tortoise), Ctenosaura similis (Gray's Spiny-tailed Iguana). Predation. Herpetological Review 40(4): 435.

Avery, M.L.; Tillman, E.A.; Spurfeld, C.; Engeman, R.M.; Maciejewski, K.P.; Brown, J.D.; Fetzer, E.A. 2014. Invasive black spiny-tailed iguanas (Ctenosaura similis) on Gasparilla Island, Florida, USA. Integrative Zoology 9(5): 590-597.

Ayala-Guerrero, F.; Vargas Reyna, L. 1987. Sleep and wakefulness in the lizard Ctenosaura similis. Boletin de Estudios Medicos y Biologicos Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico 35(1-2): 25-33.

Barbour, T.; Shreve, B. 1934. A new race of rock iguana. Occasional Papers Boston Society of Natural History 8: 197-198.

Blair, K.B.; Killebrew, F.C.; Smith, H.M.; Chiszar, D. 1997. Mexican amphibians and reptiles in the West Texas A & M University Natural History Museum. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 32(8): 174-177.

Burger, J.; Gochfeld, M. 1990. Risk discrimination of direct versus tangential approach by basking black iguanas (Ctenosaura similis): variation as a function of human exposure. Journal of Comparative Psychology 104(4): 388-394.

Burger, J.; Gochfeld, M. 1991. Burrow site selection by black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) at Palo Verde, Costa Rica. Journal of Herpetology 25(4): 430-435.

Burger, J.; Gochfeld, M. 1993. The importance of the human face in risk perception by black iguanas, Ctenosaura similis. Journal of Herpetology 27(4): 426-430.

Burger, J.; Gochfeld, M.; Murray, B.G. 1991. Role of a predator's eye size in risk perception by basking black iguana, Ctenosaura similis. Animal Behaviour 42(3): 471-476.

Burger, J.; Gochfeld, M.; Murray, B.G. 1992. Risk discrimination of eye contact and directness of approach in black iguanas (Ctenosaura similis). Journal of Comparative Psychology 106(1): 97-101.

Cedeño-Vázquez, J.R.; Beutelspacher-García, P.M. 2016. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura similis (Black Iguana). Diet. Herpetological Review 47(2): 297.

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Diener, E. 2007. Die Erdspitznatter Oxybelis aeneus und die Lianennatter Leptophis mexicanus als Prädatoren der Schwarzleguane Ctenosaura similis und C. bakeri. Elaphe 15(3): 59-62.

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Dirksen, L. 2004. Beobachtung eines Paarungsversuchs zwischen einem Hybrid-Männchen (Ctenosaura bakeri x similis) mit einem Iguana iguana-Weibchen. Iguana Rundschreiben 17(2): 15-17.

Dundee, H.A.; White, D.A.; Rico-Gray, V. 1986. Observations on the distribution and biology of some Yucatan Peninsula amphibians and reptiles. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 22(2): 37-50.

Enge, K.; Krysko, K.L.; Borgia, A.P. 2006. Geographic distribution: Ctenosaura similis (Black Spiny-tailed Iguana). Herpetological Review 37(4): 494.

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Engeman, R.M.; Constantin, B.U.; Christie, M.L.; Hall, P.T. 2009. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura similis (Black Spiny-tailed Iguana), Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher Tortoise). Concurrent burrow use. Herpetological Review 40(1): 84.

Engeman, R.M.; Kennedy, M.; Constantin, B.U.; Christie, M.L.; Hall, P.T. 2009. Natural history notes: Ctenosaura similis (Black Spiny-tailed Iguana), Coluber constrictor priapus (Southern Black Racer). Non-predatory killing. Herpetological Review 40(1): 84-85.

Farallo, V.R.; Sasa, M.; Wasko, D.K.; Forstner, M.R.J. 2010. Reduced foraging in the presence of predator cues by the black spiny-tailed iguana, Ctenosaura similis (Sauria: Iguanidae). Phyllomedusa 9(2): 109-119.

Fitch, H.S.; Hackforth-Jones, J. 1983. Ctenosaura similis (garrobo, iguana negra, ctenosaur). pp. 394-396. In: Janzen, D.H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 816 pp.

Fitch, H.S.; Henderson, R.W. 1977. Age and sex differences in the ctenosaur (Ctenosaura similis). Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 11: 1-11.

Fitch, H.S.; Henderson, R.W. 1978. Ecology and exploitation of Ctenosaura similis. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 51(15): 483-500.

Flores, D.; Esqueda, L.F. 2008. First record of the Spiny-tailed Iguana Ctenosaura similis (Gray, 1831) (Squamata: Iguanidae) in Venezuela. Herpetotropicos 4(1) "2007": 41.

García-Padilla, E.; Mata-Silva, V.; DeSantis, D.L.; Wilson, L.D. 2015. Distribution notes: Ctenosaura similis Gray, 1830. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2(4): 540-541.

Gier, P.J. 2003. The interplay among environment, social behavior, and morphology: iguanid mating systems. pp. 278-309. In: Fox, S.F.; McCoy, J.K.; Baird, T.A. (eds.). Lizard social behavior. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London. 438 pp.

Gonzalez-Garcia, A.; Belliure, J.; Gomez-Sal, A.; Davilla, P. 2009. The role of urban greenspaces in fauna conservation: the case of the iguana Ctenosaura similis in the 'patios' of Leon City, Nicaragua. Biodiversity and Conservation 18(7): 1909-1920.

Greenwood, K.; Cranston, S.; Darlington, H.; Gomersall, L. 2000. Thermoregulation and activity patterns in captive ground iguanas (Ctenosaura similis). Herpetological Bulletin 73: 10-16.

Gutsche, A.; Köhler, G. 2004. A fertile hybrid between Ctenosaura similis (Gray, 1831) and C. bakeri Stejneger, 1901 (Squamata: Iguanidae) on Isla de Utila, Honduras. Salamandra 40(3-4): 201-206.

Hanley, K.A.; Elliott, M.L.; Stamps, J.A. 1999. Chemical recognition of familiar vs. unfamiliar conspecifics by juvenile iguanid lizards, Ctenosaura similis. Ethology 105(8): 641-650.

Heimes, P. 1994. Schwarze Leguane im Lande der Mayas. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 47(2): 99-101.

Henderson, R.W. 1973. Ethoecological observations of Ctenosaura similis (Sauria: Iguanidae) in British Honduras. Journal of Herpetology 7(1): 27-33.

Henderson, R.W.; Fitch, H.S. 1978. Dragons: 25 cents/lb. Animal Kingdom 81(1): 12-17.

Henderson, R.W.; Fitch, H.S. 1979. Notes on the behaviour and ecology of Ctenosaura similis (Reptilia, Iguanidae) at Belize City, Belize. Brenesia 16: 69-80.

Hernández-Gallegos, O.; Rodriguez-Romero, F.J.; Granados-Gonzalez, G.; Mendez, F.R. 2008. Natural history notes: Conophis lineatus (Road Guarder). Diet. Herpetological Review 39(4): 467.

Jackson, J.A.; Jackson, B.J.S. 2007. An apparent mutualistic association between invasive exotics: Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) and Black Spiny-tailed Iguanas (Ctenosaura similis). Natural Areas Journal 27(3): 254-257.

Janzen, F.J.; Brodie, E.D. 1995. Visually-oriented foraging in a natural population of herbivorous lizards (Ctenosaura similis). Journal of Herpetology 29(1): 132-136.

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