Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Related bibliographies: Reptiles Snakes Colubridae Asia Europe Malay Archipelago Middle East Taxonomy of the genus Elaphe Biodiversity of the family Colubridae Bibliography of the genus Elaphe (Palearctic-Oriental Rat Snakes) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae) Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted. Elaphe in general Allen, R. 1987. The rat snakes. ASRA (Association for the Study of Reptilia and Amphibia) Monographs 2(1): 28-35. Borzée, A.; Kim, J.Y.; Jang, Y. 2016. Kaloula borealis (Boreal Digging Toad). Habitat use. Herpetological Review 47(1): 112. Brand, L. 1982. [Snakes of the genus Elaphe]. (In Dutch). Lacerta 40(10-11): 254-257. Chen, X.; Lemmon, A.R.; Lemmon, E.M.; Pyron, R.A.; Burbrink, F.T. 2017. Using phylogenomics to understand the link between biogeographic origins and regional diversification in ratsnakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 111: 206-218. Conner, R.N.; Saenz, D.; Rudolph, D.C. 2004. The red-cockaded woodpecker: interactions with fire, snags, fungi, rat snakes and pileated woodpeckers. Texas Journal of Science 56(4): 415-426. Coote, J. 1977. Temperature requirements for Lampropeltis and Elaphe. Herptile 2(3): 4-6. Dowling, H.G. 1952. A taxonomic study of the ratsnakes, genus Elaphe. 4. A checklist of the American forms. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 541: 1-12. Dowling, H.G. 1958. A taxonimic study of the ratsnakes. 6. Validation of the genera Gonyosoma Wagler and Elaphe Fitzinger. Copeia 1958: 29-40. Dowling, H.G. 1959. Rattles and hisses and rasping scales. Animal Kingdom 62: 140-142. Gentilli, A.; Razzetti, E.; Bonini, L. 1999. Tail display in two European snakes of the genus Elaphe Fitzinger, 1833 (Reptilia, Colubridae). pp. 129-131. In: Miaud, C. & Guyetant, R. (eds.). Current studies in herpetology: proceedings of the 9th Ordinardy General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica 25-29 August 1998, Le Bourget du Lac, France. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Le Bourget du Lac, 478 pp. Goris, R.C. 1983. [Captive reproduction: successes and failures (abstract)]. (In Japanese). Japanese Journal of Herpetology 10(2): 58. Gumprecht, A. 2003. Anmerkungen zu den Chinesischen Kletternattern der Gattung Elaphe (sensu lato) Fitzinger, 1833. Reptilia (D) 8(44): 37-41. Helfenberger, N. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of Old World ratsnakes based on visceral organ topography, osteology, and allozyme variation. Russian Journal of Herpetology 8(Supplement): 1-62. Helfenberger, N.; Schulz, K.D. 2013. A checklist of the extinct taxa allied to the Old World ratsnakes, with remarks on the phylogeny and radiation of Elaphe, Rhinechis and Zamenis. pp. 423-427. In: Schulz, K.D. (ed.). Old World ratsnakes: a collection of papers. Bushmaster Publications, Berg. 432 pp. Hoser, R.T. 2012. A taxonomic revision of the Colubrinae genera Zamenis and Orthriophis with the creation of two new genera (Serpentes: Colubridae). Australasian Journal of Herpetology 11: 59-64. Hubbs, C.L. 1932. The use of the generic name Ophis for an eel, a snake and a mollusc. Copeia 1932: 26-27. Ingen, E.J. van 1982. Rat snake seizing baby muntjac. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 79(1): 209. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1957. Opinion 490. Action under the Plenary Powers to preserve for use in its accustomed sense the generic name "Elaphe" Fitzinger, 1833 (Class Reptilia). Opinions of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 17(12): 179-196. Langhammer, J. 1963. Care of the ratsnake genus Elaphe. Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 10(4) [1962]: 33-34. Lenk, P.; Joger, U.; Wink, M. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships among European ratsnakes of the genus Elaphe Fitzinger based on mitochondrial DNA sequence comparisons. Amphibia-Reptilia 22(3): 329-339. Ling, C.; Liu, S.Y.; Huang, S.; Burbrink, F.T.; Guo, P.; Sun, Z.Y.; Zhao, J. 2010. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a unique species of Elaphe (Serpentes, Colubridae) new to science. Asian Herpetological Research 1(2): 90-96. Mertens, R. 1965. Elaphe Fitzinger 1833, nicht Elaphis Bonaparte 1831 (Reptilia, Serpentes). Senckenbergiana Biologica 46(3): 193-194. Mori, A. 1994. Prey-handling behaviour of newly hatched snakes in two species of the genus Elaphe with comparison to adult behaviour. Ethology 97(3): 198-214. O'Shea, M. 2004. More ratsnake revelations. Herptile 29(4): 143-156. Peters, W.C.H. 1868. Über neue Säugethiere (Colobus, Rhinolophus, Vesperus) und neue oder weniger bekannte Amphibien (Hemidactylus, Herpetodryas, Spilotes, Elaphis, Lamprophis, Erythrolamprus). Monatsberichte der Königlich Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1868(December): 637-642. Schulz, K.D. 1996. A monograph of the colubrid snakes of the genus Elaphe Fitzinger. Koeltz Scientific, Würselen. 439 pp. Sideleva, O.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Ryabov, S.; Orlov, N.L. 2003. The comparison of morphological and molecular characters inheritance in family groups of rat snakes of Elaphe genus (Serpentes: Colubridae). Russian Journal of Herpetology 10(2): 149-156. Smith, T. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of old world ratsnakes based on visceral organ topography, osteology and allozyme variation. Taxonomic changes in the genus Elaphe. Herptile 28(3): 122-126. Utiger, U.; Helfenberger, N.; Schätti, B.; Schmidt, C.; Ruf, M.; Ziswiler, V. 2002. Molecular systematics and phylogeny of Old and New World ratsnakes, Elaphe auct., and related genera (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae). Russian Journal of Herpetology 9(2): 105-124. Werb, K. 1981. Comments on winter fasting in captive European snakes of the genus Elaphe. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 3: 47. Werning, H. 2003. Neue Namen - alte Nattern: Zur aktuellen Taxonomie der Kletternattern (Elaphe sensu lato). Reptilia (D) 8(43): 6-8. Wright, D. 1987. European species of the colubrid genera Coluber, Coronella, Elaphe, Malpolon, and Natrix. pp. 57-58. In: Welch, K.R. Handbook on the maintenance of reptiles in captivity. Krieger, Florida. 156 pp. Zhang, F. 1988. Preliminary studies on the phylogeny of Elaphe, Zoocys [Zaocys], Ptyas and Entechinus. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1988(2): 103-111. Zhang, F. 1988. Studies on the cranial morphology of Zaocys (Serpentes: Colubridae) 5. A comparative study of the cranial morphology of Chinese Zaocys, Ptyas, Elaphe and Entechinus, with preliminary discussions on the function and phylogeny. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1988(1): 47-55. Elaphe bimaculata Bartz, H. 1989. Keeping and breeding Elaphe bimaculata. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 9(6): 277-280. Bartz, H.; Scheidt, V. 1989. Care and breeding of the Chinese twin-spotted ratsnake Elaphe bimaculata. Vivarium (Lakeside) 2(2): 8-10. Fang, R.; Wang, T. 1983. Three new records of snakes from Shaanxi. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 2(2): 75-76. Gillissen, F. 1996. Breeding results. Elaphe bimaculata. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 16(2): 53. Guo, C.; Fan, L. 1997. New records of snakes from Shanxi Province. (In Chinese, English summary). Chinese Journal of Zoology 32(4): 41. Hingley, K. 1989. Notes on the oviposition and the succesful[sic] incubation of eggs of Elaphe bimaculata - a Chinese ratsnake. Herptile 14(1): 1-3, 19. Hingley, K.J. 1988. Early experiences with the red coin ratsnake, Elaphe bimaculata, in the vivarium. Snake Keeper 2(9): 4-5. Jia, S.B.; Jia, L.; Yan, H.C.; Zhang, J.B.; Wang, C.; Cheng, B.; Miao, X.L. 2010. [Distribution patterns of snakes in western Shandong Province]. (In Chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 29(1): 78-80. Langeveld, C.M. 1995. The Chinese Leopard Snake, Elaphe bimaculata (K.P. Schmidt, 1925). An easy snake to keep. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 15(4): 82-88. Ma, L.; Zhao, Y.Z.; Gao, Y.; Cai, T.L.; Wang, N.; Sui, J.L.; Wu, J.G.; Jiang, W.J. 2012. [Survey of amphibians and reptiles resources in Songshan Nature Reserve, Beijing]. (In Chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 31(2): 307-310. Moriguchi, H.; Toriba, M.; Miyata, H.; Sakai, A.; Sugano, H. 1982. Notes on reproductions of captive snakes observed in the Japan Snake Institute during the years 1980-1981. The Snake 14(1): 57-60. Petch, S. 1990. A case of twins from a single egg in the Chinese ratsnake Elaphe bimaculata. Herptile 15(1): 13-16. Pewtress, R. 1990. Captive breeding of the twin-spotted ratsnake, Elaphe bimaculata. Thames and Chiltern Herpetological Group Newsletter 108: 7. Pewtress, R.K. 2001. Even further observations on keeping and breeding the twin-spot ratsnake, Elaphe bimaculata. Rekindling the fire. Herptile 26(4): 156-160. Schulz, K.D. 1986. Die hinterasiatischen kletternattern der Gattung Elaphe. 5. Elaphe bimaculata (Schmidt, 1925). Sauria (Berlin) 8(2): 23-26. Schulz, K.D. 1988. Asian rat snakes of the Elaphe genus. 5. Elaphe bimaculata (Schmidt, 1925). Snake Keeper 2(6): 11-14. Smith, L. 1992. Reproductive husbandry of the Chinese ratsnake Elaphe bimaculata. Thames and Chiltern Herpetological Group Newsletter 133: 7-9. Smith, L. 1993. Reproductive husbandry of the Chinese ratsnake Elaphe bimaculata. ASRA (Association for the Study of Reptilia and Amphibia) Journal 1993: 32-35. Werner, F. 1926. Synonymisches über Schlangen von Hainan und vom chinesischen Festland. Zoologischer Anzeiger 67: 141-144. Wu, Y.; Zhang, H.L.; Hao, Y.; Liu, S.; Kang, X. 1998. A specimen of abnormal Elaphe bimaculata. (In Chinese, English summary). Hebei Shifan Daxue Xuebau Ziran Kexue Ban 22(2): 267, 275. Yu, S. 1997. Observation on the lung capillaries of Elaphe bimaculata. Chinese Journal of Zoology 32(5): 19-20. Zhang, L.J.; Bao, W.D. 2010. [A new record of snake in Inner Mongolia: Elaphe bimaculata]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 45(3): 168-169. Elaphe cantoris Ahmed, S.; Dasgupta, G. 1992. Reptilia. pp. 1-65. In: Ghosh, A.K. (ed.). Fauna of West Bengal. Part 2 (Reptilia, Amphibia, fishes, Hemichordata and archaeozoology). Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. 381 pp. Hobcroft, D.; Schulz, K.D. 2010. Erstnachweis von Orthriophis cantoris (Boulenger, 1894) in Bhutan. Sauria (Berlin) 32(2): 56. Mitra, A. 2009. New records of snakes from district Trashigang, eastern Bhutan. Bioscan 4(1): 15-20. Schulz, K.D. 1990. Die hinterasiatischen Kletternattern der Gattung Elaphe. 19. Elaphe cantoris (Cantor 1839). Sauria (Berlin) 12(3): 19-20. Elaphe carinata Chapman, G. 1984. Elaphe carinata. Litteratura Serpentium 4(1): 16-20. Dixon, J.R. 1995. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific name of Phyllophis carinata Gunther, 1864 (Reptilia, Serpentes). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 52(4): 345. Dowling, H.G. 1959. Egg-eating adaptations in the Chinese ratsnake, Elaphe carinata Gunther. Copeia 1959(1): 68-69. Gao, W. 1987. A new record of the snakes of Beijing - Elaphe carinata. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 6(2): 75. Goode, M. 1988. Life history notes: Elaphe carinata (Keeled Rat Snake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 19(4): 84. Gumprecht, A. 2004. Die Königskletternatter - Elaphe carinata. Natur und Tier-Verlag, Münster. 62 pp. Guo, C.; Fan, L. 1997. New records of snakes from Shanxi Province. (In Chinese, English summary). Chinese Journal of Zoology 32(4): 41. Guo, P.; Liu, Q.; Myers, E.A.; Liu, S.; Xu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Y. 2012. Evaluation of the validity of the ratsnake subspecies Elaphe carinata deqenensis (Serpent: Colubridae). Asian Herpetological Research 3(3): 219-226. Heimes, P. 1996. Die Amphibien und Reptilien Pekings. 2. Schildkröten und Schlangen. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 18(105): 27-34. Hikida, T. 1995. Comments on the proposed conservation of the specific name of Phyllophis carinata Gunther, 1864 (Reptilia, Serpentes). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 52(4): 345-346. Huang, W. 1997. Sexual size dimorphism in seven species of colubrid snakes in Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science (Taichung) 9: 107-116. Huang, W.S.; Wang, H. 2009. Predation risks and anti-predation parental care behavior: an experimental study in a tropical skink. Ethology 115(3): 273-279. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1997. Opinion 1867. Phyllophis carinata Gunther, 1864 (currently Elaphe carinata; Reptilia, Serpentes): specific name conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 54(1): 75-76. Ji, X.; Du, W.G. 2001. The effects of thermal and hydric environments on hatching success, embryonic use of energy and hatchling traits in a colubrid snake, Elaphe carinata. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Molecular and Integrative Physiology 129A(2-3): 461-471. Ji, X.; Du, W.G.; Li, H.; Lin, L.H. 2006. Experimentally reducing clutch size reveals a fixed upper limit to egg size in snakes, evidence from the king ratsnake, Elaphe carinata. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Molecular and Integrative Physiology 144(4): 474-478. Ji, X.; Sun, P.Y.; Fu, S.Y.; Zhang, H.S. 1997. Utilization of energy and nutrients in incubating eggs and post-hatching yolk in a colubrid snake, Elaphe carinata. Herpetological Journal 7(1): 7-12. Lu, Y.Y.; Liu, X.H.; Wang, J.; Li, P.P. 2005. [The keeled ratsnake in Shandong Peninsula]. (In Chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 24(3): 281-282. Mao, S.H. 1962. Partial albinism and absence of frontal shield in a Taiwan keeled snake, Elaphe carinata (Gunther). Bull. Inst. Zool. Academia Sinica 1: 129-130. Mayo, J.J.; Lai, Y.C.; Norval, G. 2007. Natural history notes: Elaphe carinata carinata (Keeled Rat Snake). Diet. Herpetological Review 38(2): 206. Orlov, N.L.; Ryabov, S.A.; Nguyen, V.S.; Nguyen, Q.T. 2003. New records and data on the poorly known snakes of Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology 10(3): 217-240. Ota, H.; Sakaguchi, N.; Ikehara, S.; Hikida, T. 1993. The herpetofauna of the Senkaku Group, Ryukyu Archipelago. Pacific Science 47(3): 248-255. Qu, Y.F.; Li, H.; Gao, J.F.; Ji, X. 2011. Geographical variation in reproductive traits and trade-offs between size and number of eggs in the king ratsnake, Elaphe carinata. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 104(3): 701-709. Schulz, K.D. 1992. Die hinterasiatischen Kletternattern der Gattung Elaphe. 22. Elaphe carinata (Gunther, 1864). Sauria (Berlin) 14(4): 3-13. Smith, H.M.; Ota, H.; Wallach, V. 1995. Case 2850. Phyllophis carinata Gunther, 1864 (currently Elaphe carinata; Reptilia, Serpentes): proposed conservation of the specific name. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 52(2): 166-169. Stemmler, O. 1972. Zur Haltung und Zucht von Elaphe carinata. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 25: 283-286. Toriba, M. 1996. Comment on the proposed conservation of the specific name of Phyllophis carinata Gunther, 1864 (currently Elaphe carinata; Reptilia, Serpentes). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 53(1): 50. Wang, D.; Hu, Q.H.; Yang, J.H. 2002. [The reproductive biology of four kinds of economical snakes in a half-wild snake farm]. (In Chinese, English summary). Zhejiang Linxueyuan Xuebao 22(2) (Sum 58): 88-91. Wang, L.; Liu, Z.S.; Zhai, H.; Han, J.; Liu, Q.X.; Wang, X. 2010. [Species diversity and faunal characteristics of amphibians and reptiles in Helan Mountains]. (In Chinese). Shengtaixue Zazhi 29(11): 2293-2297. Xu, S.; He, H.Y. 1998. A comparative study on the larynges of ten species of snakes. Zoological Research 19(1): 90-92. Yu, X.; Li, X.; Huo, Z. 2015. Breeding ecology and success of a reintroduced population of the endangered Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon. Bird Conservation International 25(2): 207-219. Zhai, H.; Wang, L. 2009. [A new record of snake in Ningxia: Elaphe carinata]. (In Chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 28(2): 277. Zhang, S.F.; Zhang, S.G. 2002. [Discovery of Elaphe carinata in Rizhao, Shandong Province]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 37(6): 72. Elaphe climacophora Choate, L.D. 1963. An albino population of Elaphe climacophora from Iwakuni, Japan. Herpetologica 18: 260-262. Dieffenbach, C.O.; Emslie, S.G. 1971. Cues influencing the direction of prey ingestion of the Japanese snake, Elaphe climacophora (Colubridae, Serpentes). Herpetologica 27: 461-466. Fukada, H. 1956. Biological studies on the snakes III. Observations on hatching of Elaphe climacophora (Boie), E. conspicillata (Boie), and Natrix vibakari vibakari (Boie). Bull. Kyoto Gakugei Univ. B. 9: 21-29. Fukada, H. 1959. About the egg eating habits in Elaphe climacophora (Boie). Bull. Kyoto Gakugei Univ. Ser. B. 14: 29-34. Fukada, H. 1962. Duplicate feeding habits in a Japanese snake. Bull. Kyoto Gakugei Univ. (B) 20: 19-20. Fukada, H. 1978. A case of twin hatching in the snake, Elaphe climacophora. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 7(4): 88-91. Fukada, H. 1978. Growth and maturity of the Japanese rat snake, Elaphe climacophora (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae). Journal of Herpetology 12(3): 269-274. Fukada, H. 1979. Longevity of a Japanese rat snake in captivity. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 8(2): 56-57. Fukada, H. 1983. Heart rate-temperature relationship in a Japanese rat snake. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 10(1): 1-6. Fukada, H. 1989. Body temperatures of snakes in the fields. 2. Rhabdophis tigrinus, Elaphe climacophora, Amphiesma vibakari, and Elaphe conspicillata. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 13(2): 29-34. Fukada, H. 1989. Longevity of four species of Japanese snakes. pp. 375-380. In: Matsui, M., Hikida, T. & Goris, R.C. (eds.). Current herpetology in East Asia. Proceedings of the second Japan-China Herpetological Symposium, Kyoto, July 1988. Herpetological Society of Japan, Kyoto. 521 pp. Gans, C.; Oshima, M. 1952. Adaptations for egg eating in the snake Elaphe climacophora (Boie). American Museum Novitates 1571: 1-16. Gans, C.; Oshima, M. 1952. Adaptions for egg eating in the snake Elaphe climacophora. American Museum Novitates 1571: 1-16. Hadley, W.F.; Gans, C. 1972. Convergent ontogenetic change of color pattern in Elaphe climacophora (Colubridae: Reptilia). Journal of Herpetology 6(1): 75-78. Hirakawa, H.; Fukui, D. 2008. Predation by a rat snake (Elaphe climacophora) on a foliage-roosting bat (Murina ussuriensis) in Japan. Bat Research News 49(2): 37-39. Iwasaki, S.I.; Yoshizawa, H.; Kawahara, I. 1996. Three-dimensional structure of the surface of the tongue of the Rat Snake, Elaphe climacophora. Anatomical Record 245(1): 9-12. Kameda, K. 1994. Identification of nest predators of the rufous turtle dove Streptopelia orientalis by video tape recording. Japanese Journal of Ornithology 43(1): 29-31. Kano, T.; Sato, T.; Kobayashi, R.; Ishiguro, A. 2012. Local reflexive mechanisms essential for snakes' scaffold-based locomotion. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 7(4): 10. Kawabe, M. 1997. Aodaishoh's counterattack against common buzzard's attack. (In Japanese, English summary). Bulletin of the Higashi Taisetsu Museum of Natural History 19: 55-56. Kobayashi, T. 1987. Does the Siberian chipmunk respond to the snake by identifying it? Journal of Ethology 5(2): 137-144. Kobayashi, T. 1996. The biological function of snake mobbing by Siberian chipmunks: 2. Functions beneficial for the mobbers themselves. Journal of Ethology 14(1): 9-13. Kuwabara, M.; Kaneko, M.; Kinoshita, H.; Kumakura, M. 2006. [Animals observed in Tuat University forests between 1960-2005]. (In Japanese). Firudo Saiensu 5: 43-50. Mishima, S.; Sawai, Y.; Yamasato, S.; Sawai, K. 1977. Studies on a natural monument, shirohebi (albino Elaphe climacophora) on the Iwakuni in Japan. 3. Observation on copulation, egg-laying and hatching of the shirohebi (1). The Snake 9(1): 14-26. Mishima, S.; Sawai, Y.; Yamasato, S.; Toriba, M.; Sawai, K. 1976. Studies on a natural monument, shirohebi (albino Elaphe climacophora) on the Iwakuni in Japan. 1. study on the captive breeding of the snakes, young shirohebi. The Snake 8(1): 69-77. Mishima, S.; Sawai, Y.; Yamasato, S.; Toriba, M.; Sawai, K. 1977. Studies on a natural monument, shirohebi (albino Elaphe climacophora) on the Iwakuni in Japan. 2. Study on the captive breeding of the snakes, young shirohebi (2). The Snake 8(2): 121-144. Mori, A. 1994. Ecological and morphological characteristics of the Japanese Rat Snake, Elaphe climacophora, on Kammuri-jima Island: a possible case of insular gigantism. The Snake 26(1): 11-18. Mori, A. 1996. A comparative study of the development of prey handling behavior in young Rat Snakes, Elaphe quadrivirgata and E. climacophora. Herpetologica 52(3): 313-322. Mori, A.; Toda, M.; Kadowaki, S.; Moriguchi, H. 1992. Lying in ambush for nocturnal frogs: field observations on the feeding behavior of three colubrid snakes, Elaphe quadrivirgata, E. climacophora, and Rhabdophis tigrinus. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 14(3): 107-115. Moriguchi, H. 1978. Distances of movements of the snakes Elaphe climacophora and Rhabdophis tigrinus in the field. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 7(4): 105-106. Moriguchi, H.; Toriba, M. 2001. [An example of Cyanopica cyana (Aves: Corvidae) eating by Elaphe climacophora (Squamata: Colubridae)]. (In Japanese, English summary). Bulletin of the Herpetological Society of Japan 2001(1): 7-8. Narumi, N. 2002. [Sex identification of snakes with sexing probe-cases in Elaphe climacophora, Elaphe quadrivirgata and Elaphe conspicillata in Hokkaido, Japan]. (In Japanese). Bulletin of the Herpetological Society of Japan 2002(2): 55-58. Niimi, T. 1965. On a dichotomous snake, Elaphe climacophora (Boie). Acta Herpetologica Japonica 1: 31-32. Numi, T. 1964. Some observations of the hatching of Elaphe climacophora. Acta Herpetologica Japonica 2: 5-6. Okamoto, T.; Shintaku, Y. 2009. [An example of predation on the Japanese pipistrelle bat Pipistrellus abramus (Vespertilionidae, Mammalia) by Elaphe climacophora (Colubridae, Serpentes)]. (In Japanese). Bulletin of the Herpetological Society of Japan 2009(2): 137-138. Orlov, N.L. 1982. Die Fortpflanzung der Pythons P. regius und Liasis mackloti und der Kletternattern Elaphe climacophora und E. quadrivirgata im Terrarium. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 4(19): 25-30. Ota, H.; Nakagawa, H. 1985. [Notes on the specimens of reptiles deposited in Shiretoko Museum, Shari, eastern Hokkaido, Japan]. (In Japanese, English summary). Record of Shiretoko Museum 7: 1-6. Ratnikov, V.Y. 2004. Identification of some eurasian species of Elaphe (Colubridae, Serpentes) on the basis of vertebrae. Russian Journal of Herpetology 11(2): 91-98. Schulz, K.D. 1985. Die hinterasiatischen Kletternattern der Gattung Elaphe. 2. Elaphe climacophora (Boie, 1826). Sauria (Berlin) 7(3): 7-8. Schulz, K.D. 1988. Asian rat snakes of the Elaphe genus. 2. Elaphe climacophora (Boie, 1826). Snake Keeper 2(3): 6-7. Sideleva, O.; Syabov, S.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Smirnova, J. 2003. Inheritance of morphological and molecular characters in family groups of snakes of Elaphe genus. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta 299: 121-130. Tanaka, Y.; Hirahara, Y. 1995. Spleen of the snake (Elaphe climacophora) and intrasplenic vascular architecture. Journal of Morphology 226(2): 223-235. 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