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Reptiles
Worm Lizards
Amphisbaenidae
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Bibliography of the reptiles of
Puerto Rico

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Anonymous. 1977. Endangered and threatened species of the United States and Puerto Rico. Bulletin Field Mus. nat. Hist. 48(6): 10-11.

Banks, R.C.; McDiarmid, R.W.; Gardner, A.L. (eds.). 1987. Checklist of vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication 166: 1-79.

Borkhataria, R.R.; Collazo, J.A.; Groom, M.J. 2006. Additive effects of vertebrate predators on insects in a Puerto Rican coffee plantation. Ecological Applications 16(2): 696-703.

Borkhataria, R.R.; Collazo, J.A.; Groom, M.J. 2012. Species abundance and potential biological control services in shade vs. sun coffee in Puerto Rico. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 151: 1-5.

Charriez Serrano, V.I.; Rivera Muniz, S.; Montero Acevedo, L.L.; Moral Lebron, R. del 2002. Sea Turle [Turtle] Conservation Project: Hawksbill Turtle at Humacao beaches in Puerto Rico. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC 477: 240-243.

Cooper, W.E. 2005. Ecomorphological variation in foraging behaviour by Puerto Rican Anolis lizards. Journal of Zoology (London) 265(2): 133-139.

Danforth, S.T. 1925. Porto Rican herpetological notes. Copeia 1925(147): 76-79.

Diaz, A.C. 1994. Sea Turtles population study and nesting activity in Isla Caja de Muertos, Puerto Rico. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC 341: 53-54.

Finnley, D. (ed.) 1978. Puerto Rico expands ES protection program. Endangered Species Technical Bulletin 3(9): 2, 11.

Genet, K.S.; Genet, J.A.; Burton, T.M.; Murphy, P.G. 2001. The lizard community of a subtropical dry forest: Guanica forest, Puerto Rico. Tropical Ecology 42(1): 97-109.

Grant, C. 1931. Notes on the ameivas of Porto Rico. Copeia 1931: 61-62.

Grant, C. 1932. Chart for determining the Sphaerodactyls of the Porto Rico region. Journal Dept. Agr. Porto Rico 16: 33-35.

Grant, C. 1932. Herpetological notes from the Puerto Rico area. Journal Dept. Agr. Porto Rico 16: 161-165.

Grant, C. 1932. Notes on the boas of Puerto Rica and Mona. Journal Dept. Agric. Puerto Rico 16: 327-329.

Grant, C. 1932. The Hemidactyls of the Porto Rico region. Journal Dept. Agr. Porto Rico 16: 51-57.

Grant, C. 1933. Herpetological notes. Journal Dept. Agric. Puerto Rico 16 [1932]: 405-407.

Grant, C. 1933. The growth of herpetology in the Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands area. Journal Dept. Agric. Puerto Rico 16 [1932]: 401-404.

Grant, C. 1937. Two early Puerto Rican herpetologists. I. Dr. Augustin Stahl. II. Dr. Francisco del Valle Atiles. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 21: 491-502.

Grant, C.; Roosevelt, C. 1932. The herpetology of Caja de Muertos Island and Cardona Key, Porto Rico. Journal Dept. Agr. Porto Rico 16: 47-49.

Gundlach, J. 1881. Apuntes para la Fauna Puerto Riquena. III. Anfibios. An. Soc. Esp. 10: 305-317.

Haefner, J.W. 1984. Assembly models for the management of nongame wildlife communities. pp. 108-120. In: McComb, W.C. (ed.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Management of Nongame Species and Ecological Communities. Publisher & place of publication not given. 404 pp.

Heatwole, H.; Levins, R.; Byer, M.D. 1981. Biogeography of the Puerto Rican Bank. Atoll Research Bulletin 251: 1-62.

Heatwole, H.; Lin, T.H.; Villalón, E.; Muniz, A.; Matta, A. 1969. Some aspects of the thermal ecology of Puerto Rican anoline lizards. Journal of Herpetology 3: 65-77.

Heatwole, H.; Mackenzie, F. 1967. Herpetogeography of Puerto Rico. 4. Paleogeography, faunal similarity and endemism. Evolution 21: 429-438.

Heatwole, H.; Sade, D.S.; Hildreth, R. 1963. Herpetogeography of Puerto Rico. 1. Herpetofauna of Cayo Santiago and Cayo Batata. Caribbean Journal of Science 3: 1-5.

Heatwole, H.; Torres, F. 1967. Distribution and geographic variation of the ameivas of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands 24: 63-111.

Heatwole, H.; Torres, F.; Heatwole, A. 1965. Herpetogeography of Puerto Rico. II. Distributional records for some of the outlying islands. Stahlia 4: 1-4.

Herrera-Montes, A.; Brokaw, N. 2010. Conservation value of tropical secondary forest: a herpetofaunal perspective. Biological Conservation 143(6): 1414-1422.

Jesús Villanueva, C. de 2017. Tales from the 'Iguana Girl': An anecdotal account of Puerto Ricans’ interactions with and perceptions of invasive Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana). IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 24(1): 30–35.

Joglar, R.L.; Álvarez, A.O.; Aide, T.M.; Barber, D.; Burrowes, P.A.; García, M.A.; León-Cardona, A.; Longo, A.V.; Pérez-Buitrago, N.; Puente, A.; Rios-López, N.; Tolson, P.J. 2011. Conserving the Puerto Rican herpetofauna. pp. 339-358. In: Hailey, A.; Wilson, B.S. & Horrocks, J.A. (eds.). Conservation of Caribbean Island herpetofaunas. Vol. 2. Regional accounts of the West Indies. Brill, Leiden & Boston. 439 pp.

Joglar, R.L.; Alvarez, A.O.; Aide, T.M.; Barber, D.; Burrowes, P.A.; Garcia, M.A.; Leon-Cardona, A.; Longo, A.V.; Perez-Buitrago, N.F.; Puente, A.; Rios-Lopez, N.; Tolson, P.J. 2007. Conserving the Puerto Rican herpetofauna. Applied Herpetology 4(4): 327-345.

López-Torres, A.L.; Claudio-Hernández, H.J.; Rodríguez-Gómez, C.A.; Longo, A.V.; Joglar, R.L. 2012. Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) in Puerto Rico: is it time for management. Biological Invasions 14(1): 35-45.

Moral Lebron, R.A. del; Montero Acevedo, L.; Charriez Serrano, V.I.; Rivera Muniz, S. 2002. Anthropogenic effects affecting the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Humacao, Puerto Rico. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC 477: 203-205.

Nicholas, G. 1974. Biology and ecology of the EL Convento cave-spring system (Puerto-Rico). International J. Speleol. 6(2): 109-114.

Philibosian, R.; Yntema, J.A. 1977. Annotated checklist of the birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians of the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Infromation Services, Frederiksted, U.S. Virgin Islands. 48 pp.

Rand, A.S. 1964. Ecological distribution in anoline lizards of Puerto Rico. Ecology 45: 745-752.

Reagan, D.P. 1991. The response of Anolis lizards to hurricane-induced habitat changes in a Puerto Rican rain forest. Biotropica (A) 23(2): 468-474.

Reagan, D.P. 1992. Congeneric species distribution and abundance in a three-dimensional habitat: the rain forest anoles of Puerto Rico. Copeia 1992(2): 392-403.

Reagan, D.P. 1996. The role of amphibians and reptiles in a West Indian rain forest food web. pp. 217-227. In: Powell, R. & Henderson, R.W. (eds.). Contributions to West Indian herpetology: a tribute to Albert Schwartz. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles). 457 pp. (Contributions to Herpetology no. 12).

Rios-Lopez, N.; Mitchell Aide, T. 2007. Herpetofaunal dynamics during secondary succession. Herpetologica 63(1): 35-50.

Rivero, J.A. 1978. Los anfibios y reptiles de Puerto Rico (The amphibians and reptiles of Puerto Rico). Universidad de Puerto Rico. 375 pp.

Rivero, J.A. 1998. Los anfibios y reptiles de Puerto Rico. Segunda edicion revisada. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan. 510 pp.

Rivero, J.A. 1998. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Puerto Rico / Los Anfíbios y Reptiles de Puerto Rico. 2nd ed. University of Puerto Rico Press, San Juan. 510 pp.

Rivero, J.A.; Heatwole, H. 1979. Herpetogeography of Puerto Rico. 6. A bibliography of the herpetology of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 43: 1-17.

Rosenfeld, A.H. 1925. The food of Porto Rican lizards. Journal of Economic Entomology 18(2): 422-423.

Schmidt, K.P. 1928. Amphibians and land reptiles of Porto Rico, with a list of those reported from the Virgin Islands. Sci. Surv. Porto Rico Virgin Isl. New York 10(1): 1-160.

Schoener, T.W.; Schoener, A. 1971. Structural habitats of West Indian Anolis lizards. 2. Puerto Rican uplands. Breviora 375: 1-39.

Stejneger, L.H. 1901. On the herpetology of Porto Rico. Tagebl. v. Int. Zool Congr. 8: 28.

Stejneger, L.H. 1904. The herpetology of Porto Rico. Rep. U. S. Mus. for 1902: 549-724.

Thomas, R. 1966. Additional notes on the amphisbaenids of Greater Puerto Rico. Breviora 249: 1-23.

Thomas, R. 1999. The Puerto Rico area. pp. 169-179. In: Crother, B.I. (ed.). Caribbean amphibians and reptiles. Academic Press, San Diego. 495 pp.

Thomas, R.; Joglar, R. 1996. The herpetology of Puerto Rico. Past, present, and future. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 776: 181-200.

Thomas, R.; Kessler, A.G. 1996. Nonanoline reptiles. pp. 347-362. In: Reagan, D.P. & Waide, R.B. (eds.). The food web of a tropical rain forest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London. 616 pp.

Thomas, R.; Schwartz, A. 1966. Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the Greater Puerto Rico region. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences 10: 193-260.

Thomas, R.; Thomas, K.R. 1977. Distributional status of amphibians and reptiles from Puerto Rico. Herpetological Review 8(2): 40.

Watlington, F. 1999. Wetland restoration in Puerto Rico with exotic equivalents of extinct keystone vertebrates. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Ecosystems Restoration and Creation 25: 148-164.

Wetherbee, D.K. 1986. Zoological exploration of Puerto Rico for endemic species. D.K. Wetherbee, Reynolds Road, Shelburne, Massachusetts. 248 pp.