Bibliography of the genus Hydrophis / RepFocus

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Taxonomy of the genus Hydrophis

Biodiversity of the family Elapidae [marine species]

Bibliography of the genus
Hydrophis (Typical Sea Snakes)

(Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae [marine species])

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.

Hydrophis in general

Bishop, J.M.; Alsaffar, A.H. 2008. Quantitative observations on marine mammals and reptiles of Kuwait's Boubyan Island. Zoology in the Middle East 43: 3-12.

Dunson, W.A.; Ehlert, G.W. 1971. Effects of temperature, salinity, and surface water flow on distribution of the sea snake Pelamis. Limnol. Oceanogr. 16: 845-853.

Graham, J.B.; Rubinoff, I.; Hecht, M.K. 1971. Temperature physiology of the sea snake Pelamis platurus: an index of its colonization potential in the Atlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 68: 1360-1363.

Gritis, P.; Voris, H.K. 1990. Variability and significance of parietal and ventral scales in the marine snakes of the genus Lapemis (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae), with comments on the occurrence of spiny scales in the genus. Fieldiana Zoology 56: 1-13.

Hattori, Z.; Inou , T.; Okonogi, T. 1974. In front of a pile of sea snake carcasses. The Snake 6(2): 94-98.

Heatwole, H.; Seymour, R.S. 1978. Cutaneous oxygen uptake in three groups of aquatic snakes. Australian Journal of Zoology 26(3): 481-486.

Hubbs, C.L. 1932. The use of the generic name Ophis for an eel, a snake and a mollusc. Copeia 1932: 26-27.

Kharin, V.E. 1984. A review of sea snakes of the group Hydrophis sensu lato (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae). 3. The genus Leioselasma. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 63(10): 1535-1546.

Kharin, V.E. 1984. Sea snakes of the genus Hydrophis sensu lato (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae) on taxonomic status of the New Guinea H. obscurus. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 63(4): 630-632.

Kharin, V.E. 2004. Review of sea snakes of the genus Hydrophis sensu stricto (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 30(6): 387-394.

Kharin, V.E. 2012. Sea snakes of the genus Chitulia Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). The taxonomic status of intrageneric complexes. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 38(6): 456-458.

Kharin, V.E. 2013. [On the validity of the generic name Praescutata Wall, 1921 for the viperine sea snake Thalassophis viperinus Schmidt, 1852 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae)]. (In Russian). Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok) 39(2): 149-151.

Kharin, V.E.; Czeblukov, V.P. 2009. A revision of the sea snakes of subfamily Hydrophiinae. 1. Tribe Disteirini nov. (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Herpetology 16(3): 183-202.

Kinghorn, J.R. 1926. A new genus of sea snake and other reptiles collected by H.M.A.S. "Geranium" during a cruise to North Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 96(1): 71-74.

Klauber, L.M. 1935. The feeding habit of a sea snake [Pelamis]. Copeia 1935: 182.

Klawe, W.L. 1964. Food of the black-and-yellow sea snake, Pelamis platurus, from Ecuadorian coastal waters. Copeia 1964: 712-713.

Lanza, B.; Boscherini, S. 2000. The gender of the genera Podarcis Wagler 1830 (Lacertidae), Pelamis Daudin 1803 (Hydrophilidae) and Uropeltis Cuvier 1829 (Uropeltidae). Tropical Zoology 13(2): 327-329.

Lord, C.E. 1920. On the occurrence of Hydrus platurus, Linn. Proc. R. Soc. Tasmania 1919: 22.

Minton, S.A.; Dunson, W.W. 1985. Sea snakes collected at Chesterfield Reefs, Coral Sea. Atoll Research Bulletin 292: 101-108.

Pickwell, G.V.; Culotta, W.A. 1980. Pelamis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 255: 1-4.

Rasmussen, A.R. 1994. A cladistic analysis of Hydrophis subgenus Chitulia (McDowell, 1972) (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 111(2): 161-178.

Smith, H.M.; Williams, K.L.; Wallach, V.; Chiszar, D. 1990. The nomenclatural status of Pelamis Daudin, 1803 (Reptilia: Serpentes). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 26(2): 55-59.

Hydrophis annandalei

Das, I. 1993. Annandale's seasnake, Kolpophis annandalei (Laidlaw, 1901): a new record for Borneo (Reptilia: Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 41(2): 359-361.

Hubbs, C.L. 1932. The use of the generic name Ophis for an eel, a snake and a mollusc. Copeia 1932: 26-27.

Rasmussen, A.; Sanders, K.; Lobo, A. 2010. Kolpophis annandalei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T176731A7292396. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T176731A7292396.en.

Hydrophis anomalus

Hubbs, C.L. 1932. The use of the generic name Ophis for an eel, a snake and a mollusc. Copeia 1932: 26-27.

Kharin, V.E. 2006. An annotated checklist of sea snakes of Vietnam, with notes on a new record of the Yellow-lipped Sea Krait, Laticauda colubrina (Schneider, 1799) (Laticaudidae, Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 32(4): 223-228.

Rasmussen, A.; Sanders, K.; Lobo, A. 2010. Thalassophis anomalus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T176742A7295223. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T176742A7295223.en.

Smith, M.A. 1916. Note on a rare sea snake (Thalassophis anomalus) from the coast of Siam. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 2(2): 176-177.

Hydrophis atriceps

Denburgh, J. van; Thompson, J.C. 1908. Description of a new species of sea snake from the Philippine islands, with a note on the palatine teeth in the Proteroglypha. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Ser. 4) 3: 41-48.

Hydrophis belcheri

Kharin, V.E. 2005. Distribution of a little-known sea snake Chitulia belcheri (Gray, 1849) and new records of rare species of the genus Leioselasma Lacepede, 1804 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 31(3): 159-163.

Kharin, V.E.; Czeblukov, V.P. 2007. On first reliable record of the sea snake Chitulia belcheri (Gray, 1849) from Australian waters, with notes on species composition and taxonomic status of the genus Chitulia Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok) 33(3): 161-165.

McCarthy, C.J.; Warrell, D.A. 1991. A collection of sea snakes from Thailand with new records of Hydrophis belcheri (Gray). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 57(2): 161-165.

Hydrophis bituberculatus

Rasmussen, A.R. 1992. Rediscovery and redescription of Hydrophis bituberculatus Peters, 1872 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Herpetologica 48(1): 85-97.

Hydrophis brookei

Chanhome, L.; Chiewbamrungkiat, M.; Chaiyabutr, N.; Sitprija, V.; Cox, M.J.; Rasmussen, A.R. 2011. Observation of mating behavior of Hydrophis brookii in captivity. Tropical Natural History 11(1): 81-84.

Smith, M.A. 1917. Preliminary diagnoses of four new sea snakes. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 2(4): 340-342.

Voris, H.K. 2017. Diversity of marine snakes on trawling grounds in the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Tropical Natural History 17(2): 65 87.

Hydrophis caerulescens

Kharin, V.E. 2004. On the taxonomic position of the sea snake Hydrophis caerulescens (Shaw, 1802) (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 30(3): 196-198.

Sarker, M.A.R.; Sanders, K.L.; Ukuwela, K.D.B.; Jamam, M.F. 2017. Sea Snakes of Bangladesh: a preliminary survey of Cox's Bazar district with notes on diet, reproduction, and conservation status. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12(2): 384-393

Sharma, R.C. 1982. Taxonomic and ecological studies on the reptiles of Gujarat. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 80(1-2): 85-106.

Varadaraju 2009. Ecology, faunal diversity and habitat management strategies of amphibians and reptiles of Sunderban. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 109(3): 61-78.

Voris, H.K. 2017. Diversity of marine snakes on trawling grounds in the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Tropical Natural History 17(2): 65 87.

Hydrophis coggeri

Bauer, A.M.; Vindum, J.V. 1990. A checklist and key to the herpetofauna of New Caledonia, with remarks on biogeography. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 47(2): 17-45.

Heatwole, H.; Cogger, H.G. 1994. Sea snakes of Australia. pp. 167-205. In: Gopalakrishnakone, P. (ed.). Venom and Toxin Research Group, National University of Singapore, Singapore University Press.

Ineich, I.; Borsa, P. 2003. Geographic distribution: Hydrophis coggeri (Cogger's Sea Snake). Herpetological Review 34(4): 388.

Ineich, I.; Rasmussen, A.R. 1997. Sea snakes from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands (Elapidae, Laticaudinae and Hydrophiinae). Zoosystema 19(2-3): 185-192.

Kharin, V.E. 2005. Distribution of a little-known sea snake Chitulia belcheri (Gray, 1849) and new records of rare species of the genus Leioselasma Lacepede, 1804 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 31(3): 159-163.

Hydrophis curtus

Abyerami, S.; Sivashanthini, K. 2008. Current status of marine snakes from Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka with description of hitherto unrecorded Hydrophis fasciatus fasciatus (Schneider, 1799). International Journal of Zoological Research 4(4): 214-224.

Avolio, C.; Shine, R.; Pile, A. 2006. Sexual dimorphism in scale rugosity in sea snakes (Hydrophiidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 89(2): 343-354.

Halstead, B.W.; Engen, P.C.; Tu, A.T. 1978. The venom and venom apparatus of the sea snake Lapemis hardwicki Gray. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 63(4): 371-396.

Han, K.H.; Stuebing, R.B.; Voris, H.K. 1991. Population structure and reproduction in the marine snake, Lapemis hardwickii Gray, from the west coast of Sabah. Sarawak Museum Journal 42(63): 463-475.

Heydari, S.Z.; Bakhtiari, A.R. 2014. Distribution patterns of PAHs in different tissues of annulated sea snake (Hydrophis cyanocinctus) and short sea snake (Lapemis curtus) from the Hara Protected Area on the North Coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 109: 116-123.

Kawamura, Y.; Sawai, Y.; Kaneta, H. 1981. Comparative potency of two seasnake antivenoms. The Snake 13(2): 151-153.

Kordi, M.; Shabanipour, N. 2012. Morphological characteristics of Short Sea Snake, Lapemis curtus (Shaw, 1802), with notes on new identification characteristics. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 8(1): 71-74.

Kumar, A.B.; Kumar, M.S.; Deepthi, G.R.; Mithun, S. 2007. Sea snakes associated with trawl by-catch of Kerala Coast, India. Cobra (Chennai) 1(1): 1-4.

Lillywhite, H.B.; Heatwole, H.; Sheehy, C.M. 2015. Dehydration and drinking behavior in true sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae: Hydrophiini). Journal of Zoology (London) 296(4): 261-269.

Lobo, A.S.; Pandav, B.; Vasudevan, K. 2004. Weight-length relationships in two species of marine snakes along the coast of Goa, western India. Hamadryad 29(1): 89-93.

Lobo, A.S.; Vasudevan, K.; Pandav, B. 2005. Trophic ecology of Lapemis curtus (Hydrophiinae) along the western coast of India. Copeia 2005(3): 637-641.

Marcos, L.A.; Lanyon, J.M. 2004. Dietary and morphometric analysis of three sea snake species caught as a single trawl by-catch assemblage around the Swain's Reefs, southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 111: 63-71.

Padate, V.P.; Baragi, L.V.; Rivonker, C.U. 2009. Biological aspects of sea snakes caught incidentally by commercial trawlers off Goa, west coast of India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 1(12): 609-616.

Rameshwaran, M.; Naveen, J.A. 2008. Record of short snake Lapemis curtus (Shaw, 1802) at Tuticorin coastal waters Tamil Nadu. Cobra (Chennai) 2(3): 23-24.

Rasmussen, A.R.; Ineich, I. 2000. Sea snakes of New Caledonia and surrounding waters (Serpentes: Elapidae): first report on the occurrence of Lapemis curtus and description of a new species from the genus Hydrophis. Hamadryad 25(2): 91-99.

Rezaie-Atagholipour, M. 2012. Natural history notes: Lapemis curtus (Short Seasnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 43(3): 494.

Sarker, M.A.R.; Sanders, K.L.; Ukuwela, K.D.B.; Jamam, M.F. 2017. Sea Snakes of Bangladesh: a preliminary survey of Cox's Bazar district with notes on diet, reproduction, and conservation status. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12(2): 384-393

Sharma, R.C. 1982. Taxonomic and ecological studies on the reptiles of Gujarat. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 80(1-2): 85-106.

Silva, A. de; Sivaruban, A.; Ukuwela, K.; Rasmussen, A.R.; Sanders, K.L. 2011. First record of a sea snake (Lapemis curtus) feeding on a gastropod. Herpetology Notes 4: 373-375.

Silva, A. de; Ukuwela, K.; Sivaruban, A.; Sanders, K.L. 2011. Preliminary observations on the reproductive biology of six species of Sri Lankan sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae). Salamandra 47(4): 193-198.

Udyawer, V.; Cappo, M.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Heupel, M.R.; Lukoschek, V. 2014. Distribution of sea snakes in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: observations from 10 yrs of baited remote underwater video station (BRUVS) sampling. Coral Reefs 33(3): 777-791.

Udyawer, V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Heupel, M.R.; Clark, T.D. 2016. Coming up for air: thermal dependence of dive behaviours and metabolism in sea snakes. Journal of Experimental Biology 219(21): 3447-3454.

Udyawer, V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Heupel, M.R.; Clark, T.D. 2017. Temporal and spatial activity-associated energy partitioning in free-swimming sea snakes. Functional Ecology 31(9): 1739-1749

Udyawer, V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Read, M.; Hamann, M.; Heupel, M.R. 2016. Exploring habitat selection in sea snakes using passive acoustic monitoring and Bayesian hierarchical models. Marine Ecology Progress Series 546: 249-262.

Ukuwela, K.D.B.; Silva, A. de; Mumpuni, A.; Fry, B.G.; Sanders, K.L. 2014. Multilocus phylogeography of the sea snake Hydrophis curtus reveals historical vicariance and cryptic lineage diversity. Zoologica Scripta 43(5): 472-484.

Voris, H.K. 2017. Diversity of marine snakes on trawling grounds in the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Tropical Natural History 17(2): 65 87.

Ward, T.M. 2001. Age structures and reproductive patterns of two species of sea snake, Lapemis hardwickii Grey (1836) and Hydrophis elegans (Grey 1842), incidentally captured by prawn trawlers in northern Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 52(2): 193-203.

Westhoff, G.; Fry, B.G.; Bleckmann, H. 2005. Sea snakes (Lapemis curtus) are sensitive to low-amplitude water motions. Zoology (Jena) 108(3): 195-200.

Hydrophis cyanocinctus

Anonymous. 1964. The marine observer's log. Turtle, Indian Ocean. Water snakes, Indian waters. Marine Observer 34(203): 15-16.

Abyerami, S.; Sivashanthini, K. 2008. Current status of marine snakes from Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka with description of hitherto unrecorded Hydrophis fasciatus fasciatus (Schneider, 1799). International Journal of Zoological Research 4(4): 214-224.

Badrudeen, M. 2000. On the occurrence of the cirriped barnacle, Chelonibia patula (Ranzani) on the sea snake, Hydrophis cyanocintus (Daudin). Indian Council of Agricultural Research Marine Fisheries Information Service Technical and Extension Series 164: 25, 37.

Bhise, S.B.; Bhide, M.B. 1978. Presynaptic action of 'Hydrophis cyanocinctus' venom. Bulletin of Haffkine Institute 6(3): 92-95.

Haas, G. 1957. Some amphibians and reptiles from Arabia. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Ser. 4) 29(4): 47-86.

Heydari, S.Z.; Bakhtiari, A.R. 2014. Distribution patterns of PAHs in different tissues of annulated sea snake (Hydrophis cyanocinctus) and short sea snake (Lapemis curtus) from the Hara Protected Area on the North Coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 109: 116-123.

Huang, W. 1996. Sexual size dimorphism of sea snakes in Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science (Taichung) 7: 113-120.

Karthikeyan, R.; Balasubramanian, T. 2008. Feeding and reproductive behavior of captive sea snakes Hydrophis cyanocinctus. Applied Herpetology 5(1): 75-80.

Karthikeyan, R.; Vijayalakshmi, S.; Balasubramanian, T. 2008. Feeding and parturition of female annulated sea snake Hydrophis cyanocinctus in captivity. Current Science (Bangalore) 94(5): 660-664.

Kawamura, Y.; Sawai, Y.; Kaneta, H. 1981. Comparative potency of two seasnake antivenoms. The Snake 13(2): 151-153.

Kumar, A.B.; Kumar, M.S.; Deepthi, G.R.; Mithun, S. 2007. Sea snakes associated with trawl by-catch of Kerala Coast, India. Cobra (Chennai) 1(1): 1-4.

Laurent, R.F. 1948. Notes sur quelques reptiles appartenant a la collection du Mus e royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique. II. Formes asiatiques et n oguin ennes. Bulletin Mus. Hist. Nat. Belgique (Bruxelles) 24(17): 1-12.

McCann, C. 1937. Sexual dimorphism in the sea snake (Distira cyanocincta Daud.). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 39: 872.

Raj, B.S. 1926. Parturitions of electric rays and a sea snake in the Marine Aquarium, Madras. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 31: 828.

Rezaie-Atagholipour, M.; Riyahi-Bakhtiari, A.; Rajabizadeh, M.; Ghezellou, P. 2012. Status of the Annulated Sea Snake, Hydrophis cyanocinctus, in the Hara Protected Area of the Persian Gulf (Reptilia: Elaphidae: Hydrophiinae). Zoology in the Middle East 57(1): 53-60.

Rezaie-Atagholipour, M.; Riyahi-Bakhtiari, A.; Sajjadi, M. 2013. Feeding habits of the Annulated Sea Snake, Hydrophis cyanocinctus, in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Herpetology 47(2): 328-330.

Rezaie-Atagholipour, M.; Riyahi-Bakhtiari, A.; Sajjadi, M.; Yap, C.K.; Ghaffari, S.; Ebrahimi-Sirizi, Z.; Ghezellou, P. 2012. Metal concentrations in selected tissues and main prey species of the annulated sea snake (Hydrophis cyanocinctus) in the Hara Protected Area, northeastern coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Marine Pollution Bulletin 64(2): 416-421.

Sarker, M.A.R.; Sanders, K.L.; Ukuwela, K.D.B.; Jamam, M.F. 2017. Sea Snakes of Bangladesh: a preliminary survey of Cox's Bazar district with notes on diet, reproduction, and conservation status. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12(2): 384-393

Shahriar, C.R.; Ali Reza, A.H.M. 2013. Geographic distribution: Hydrophis cyanocinctus (Annulated Sea Snake). Bangladesh: Cox s Bazar District.: Sonadia Island. Herpetological Review 44(1): 109.

Silva, A. de; Ukuwela, K.; Sivaruban, A.; Sanders, K.L. 2011. Preliminary observations on the reproductive biology of six species of Sri Lankan sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae). Salamandra 47(4): 193-198.

Smith, M.A. 1919. Remarks on Col. Wall's identification of Hydrophis cyanocinctus. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 1919: 682-683.

Voris, H.K. 2017. Diversity of marine snakes on trawling grounds in the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Tropical Natural History 17(2): 65 87.

Hydrophis czeblukovi

Kharin, V.E. 2005. On new findings of a rare sea snake Leioselasma czeblukovi Kharin, 1984, with remarks on species composition and taxonomical position of the genus Leioselasma Lac p de, 1804, (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 31(5): 269-272.

Kharin, V.E.; Hallermann, J. 2010. A remote new distribution record and a redescription of a rare and little-known sea snake Leioselasma czeblukovi Kharin, 1984 (Hydrophiidae). Herpetology Notes 3: 315-319.

Rasmussen, A.R.; Smith, L. 1997. The taxonomic status of the sea snake Hydrophis czeblukovi (Kharin, 1984) from north-west Australian waters. Amphibia-Reptilia 18(4): 419-425.

Smith, L.A. 1986. A new species of Hydrophis (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) from north-west Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 13(1): 151-153.

Hydrophis donaldi

Ukuwela, K.; Sanders, K.L.; Frey, B.G. 2012. Hydrophis donaldi (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae), a highly distinctive new species of sea snake from northern Australia. Zootaxa 3201: 45-57.

Hydrophis elegans

Avolio, C.; Shine, R.; Pile, A. 2006. Sexual dimorphism in scale rugosity in sea snakes (Hydrophiidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 89(2): 343-354.

Kerford, M.R.; Wirsing, A.J.; Heithaus, M.R.; Dill, L.M. 2008. Danger on the rise: diurnal tidal state mediates an exchange of food for safety by the bar-bellied sea snake Hydrophis elegans. Marine Ecology Progress Series 358: 289-294.

Lillywhite, H.B.; Heatwole, H.; Sheehy, C.M. 2015. Dehydration and drinking behavior in true sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae: Hydrophiini). Journal of Zoology (London) 296(4): 261-269.

Marcos, L.A.; Lanyon, J.M. 2004. Dietary and morphometric analysis of three sea snake species caught as a single trawl by-catch assemblage around the Swain's Reefs, southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 111: 63-71.

Schulz, M. 2003. Frequency of sea snake strandings in north-eastern New South Wales. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 33(2): 109-110.

Stewart, D. 2003. A sea snake in the diet of a white-capped albatross. Sunbird 33(3): 118-120.

Udyawer, V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Heupel, M.R.; Clark, T.D. 2016. Coming up for air: thermal dependence of dive behaviours and metabolism in sea snakes. Journal of Experimental Biology 219(21): 3447-3454.

Udyawer, V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Heupel, M.R.; Clark, T.D. 2017. Temporal and spatial activity-associated energy partitioning in free-swimming sea snakes. Functional Ecology 31(9): 1739-1749

Udyawer, V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Read, M.; Hamann, M.; Heupel, M.R. 2016. Exploring habitat selection in sea snakes using passive acoustic monitoring and Bayesian hierarchical models. Marine Ecology Progress Series 546: 249-262.

Ward, T.M. 2001. Age structures and reproductive patterns of two species of sea snake, Lapemis hardwickii Grey (1836) and Hydrophis elegans (Grey 1842), incidentally captured by prawn trawlers in northern Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 52(2): 193-203.

Hydrophis fasciatus

Hydrophis hendersoni

Boulenger, G.A. 1903. Description of a new sea-snake from Rangoon. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 15: 719.

Rasmussen, A.R.; Ineich, I.; Elmberg, J.; McCarthy, C. 2011. Status of the Asiatic sea snakes of the Hydrophis nigrocinctus group (H. nigrocinctus, H. hendersoni, and H. walli; Elapidae, Hydrophiinae). Amphibia-Reptilia 32(4): 459-464.

Hydrophis inornatus

Kharin, V.E.; Czeblukov, V.P. 2005. On the new record of rare sea snake Chitulia inornata Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) from Australia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 12(2): 99-101.

Kharin, V.E.; Dotsenko, I.B. 2012. The first record of the sea snake Chitulia inornata Gray, 1849 from the Arabian Sea with notes on the composition of the genus Chitulia Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 38(1): 35-42.

Rasmussen, A.R. 1989. An analysis of Hydrophis ornatus (Gray), H. lamberti Smith, and H. inornatus (Gray) (Hydrophiidae, Serpentes) based on samples from various localities, with remarks on feeding and breeding biology of H. ornatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 10(4): 397-417.

Voris, H.K. 2017. Diversity of marine snakes on trawling grounds in the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Tropical Natural History 17(2): 65 87.

Hydrophis jerdonii

Hydrophis kingi

Trembath, D. 2003. Observation on shallow water use by a sea snake (Disteira kingii). Herpetofauna (Sydney) 33(1): 24-25.

Hydrophis laboutei

Rasmussen, A.R.; Ineich, I. 2000. Sea snakes of New Caledonia and surrounding waters (Serpentes: Elapidae): first report on the occurrence of Lapemis curtus and description of a new species from the genus Hydrophis. Hamadryad 25(2): 91-99.

Hydrophis lamberti

Rasmussen, A.R. 1989. An analysis of Hydrophis ornatus (Gray), H. lamberti Smith, and H. inornatus (Gray) (Hydrophiidae, Serpentes) based on samples from various localities, with remarks on feeding and breeding biology of H. ornatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 10(4): 397-417.

Smith, M.A. 1917. Preliminary diagnoses of four new sea snakes. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 2(4): 340-342.

Hydrophis lapemoides

Hydrophis macdowelli

Ineich, I.; Rasmussen, A.R. 1997. Sea snakes from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands (Elapidae, Laticaudinae and Hydrophiinae). Zoosystema 19(2-3): 185-192.

Kharin, V.E. 1983. A new species of the genus Hydrophis sensu lato (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae) from the North Australian Shelf. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 62(11): 1751-1753.

Hydrophis major

Borsa, P. 2008. Sea snakes: overlooked predators at an urban fringing reef. Coral Reefs 27(4): 743.

Goiran, C.; Shine, R. 2014. Reaction of a sea snake (Hydrophis major) to contact with a sea anemone. Coral Reefs 33(3): 793.

Ineich, I.; Rasmussen, A.R. 1997. Sea snakes from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands (Elapidae, Laticaudinae and Hydrophiinae). Zoosystema 19(2-3): 185-192.

Letourneur, Y.; Briand, M.J. 2012. Catfish Plotosus lineatus are prey for the rare seasnake Hydrophis major in New Caledonia. Coral Reefs 31(2): 349.

Wirsing, A.J.; Heithaus, M.R. 2009. Olive-headed sea snakes Disteria major shift seagrass microhabitats to avoid shark predation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 387: 287-293.

Hydrophis mamillaris

Talukdar, S.K.; Dattagupta, B. 1980. Notes on the occurrence of the sea snakes, Hydrophis mamillaris (Daudin) and Microcephalophis gracilis (Shaw) from West Bengal. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 18(2) [1976]: 389-391.

Hydrophis melanocephalus

Asanuma, E.; Otuji, T.; Nakamoto, E.; Kawamura, Y.; Toriba, M. 1998. Report of the sea snake bite by Hydrophis melanocephalus at Amami-Oshima Island, Japan. The Snake 28(1-2): 62-64.

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Hydrophis melanosoma

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Hydrophis nigrocinctus

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Hydrophis obscurus

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Hydrophis ocellatus

Kinghorn, J.R. 1942. Herpetological notes. 4. Records of the Australian Museum 21(2): 118-121.

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Hydrophis ornatus

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Hydrophis pachycercos

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Hydrophis pacificus

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Hydrophis parviceps

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Hydrophis peronii

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Hydrophis platurus

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Hydrophis zweifeli

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