Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates





Related bibliographies:

Reptiles
Snakes
Elapidae [part 2]
(marine species)

Africa
Asia
Australia
Central America
Malay Archipelago
Middle East
North America
South America

Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean









































































































































































































































































































































Taxonomy of the genus Hydrophis Biodiversity of the family Elapidae [marine species]

Bibliography of the genus
Hydrophis (Typical Sea Snakes)

(Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae [marine species])

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Hydrophis in general

Bishop, J.M.; Alsaffar, A.H. 2008. Quantitative observations on marine mammals and reptiles of Kuwait's Boubyan Island. Zoology in the Middle East 43: 3-12.

Dunson, W.A.; Ehlert, G.W. 1971. Effects of temperature, salinity, and surface water flow on distribution of the sea snake Pelamis. Limnol. Oceanogr. 16: 845-853.

Graham, J.B.; Rubinoff, I.; Hecht, M.K. 1971. Temperature physiology of the sea snake Pelamis platurus: an index of its colonization potential in the Atlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 68: 1360-1363.

Gritis, P.; Voris, H.K. 1990. Variability and significance of parietal and ventral scales in the marine snakes of the genus Lapemis (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae), with comments on the occurrence of spiny scales in the genus. Fieldiana Zoology 56: 1-13.

Hattori, Z.; Inoué, T.; Okonogi, T. 1974. In front of a pile of sea snake carcasses. The Snake 6(2): 94-98.

Heatwole, H.; Seymour, R.S. 1978. Cutaneous oxygen uptake in three groups of aquatic snakes. Australian Journal of Zoology 26(3): 481-486.

Hubbs, C.L. 1932. The use of the generic name Ophis for an eel, a snake and a mollusc. Copeia 1932: 26-27.

Kharin, V.E. 1984. A review of sea snakes of the group Hydrophis sensu lato (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae). 3. The genus Leioselasma. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 63(10): 1535-1546.

Kharin, V.E. 1984. Sea snakes of the genus Hydrophis sensu lato (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae) on taxonomic status of the New Guinea H. obscurus. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 63(4): 630-632.

Kharin, V.E. 2004. Review of sea snakes of the genus Hydrophis sensu stricto (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 30(6): 387-394.

Kharin, V.E. 2012. Sea snakes of the genus Chitulia Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). The taxonomic status of intrageneric complexes. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 38(6): 456-458.

Kharin, V.E. 2013. [On the validity of the generic name Praescutata Wall, 1921 for the viperine sea snake Thalassophis viperinus Schmidt, 1852 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae)]. (In Russian). Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok) 39(2): 149-151.

Kharin, V.E.; Czeblukov, V.P. 2009. A revision of the sea snakes of subfamily Hydrophiinae. 1. Tribe Disteirini nov. (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Herpetology 16(3): 183-202.

Kinghorn, J.R. 1926. A new genus of sea snake and other reptiles collected by H.M.A.S. "Geranium" during a cruise to North Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 96(1): 71-74.

Klauber, L.M. 1935. The feeding habit of a sea snake [Pelamis]. Copeia 1935: 182.

Klawe, W.L. 1964. Food of the black-and-yellow sea snake, Pelamis platurus, from Ecuadorian coastal waters. Copeia 1964: 712-713.

Lanza, B.; Boscherini, S. 2000. The gender of the genera Podarcis Wagler 1830 (Lacertidae), Pelamis Daudin 1803 (Hydrophilidae) and Uropeltis Cuvier 1829 (Uropeltidae). Tropical Zoology 13(2): 327-329.

Lord, C.E. 1920. On the occurrence of Hydrus platurus, Linn. Proc. R. Soc. Tasmania 1919: 22.

Minton, S.A.; Dunson, W.W. 1985. Sea snakes collected at Chesterfield Reefs, Coral Sea. Atoll Research Bulletin 292: 101-108.

Pickwell, G.V.; Culotta, W.A. 1980. Pelamis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 255: 1-4.

Rasmussen, A.R. 1994. A cladistic analysis of Hydrophis subgenus Chitulia (McDowell, 1972) (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 111(2): 161-178.

Smith, H.M.; Williams, K.L.; Wallach, V.; Chiszar, D. 1990. The nomenclatural status of Pelamis Daudin, 1803 (Reptilia: Serpentes). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 26(2): 55-59.

Hydrophis atriceps

Denburgh, J. van; Thompson, J.C. 1908. Description of a new species of sea snake from the Philippine islands, with a note on the palatine teeth in the Proteroglypha. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Ser. 4) 3: 41-48.

Hydrophis belcheri

Kharin, V.E. 2005. Distribution of a little-known sea snake Chitulia belcheri (Gray, 1849) and new records of rare species of the genus Leioselasma Lacepede, 1804 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 31(3): 159-163.

Kharin, V.E.; Czeblukov, V.P. 2007. On first reliable record of the sea snake Chitulia belcheri (Gray, 1849) from Australian waters, with notes on species composition and taxonomic status of the genus Chitulia Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok) 33(3): 161-165.

McCarthy, C.J.; Warrell, D.A. 1991. A collection of sea snakes from Thailand with new records of Hydrophis belcheri (Gray). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 57(2): 161-165.

Hydrophis bituberculatus

Rasmussen, A.R. 1992. Rediscovery and redescription of Hydrophis bituberculatus Peters, 1872 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Herpetologica 48(1): 85-97.

Hydrophis brookei

Chanhome, L.; Chiewbamrungkiat, M.; Chaiyabutr, N.; Sitprija, V.; Cox, M.J.; Rasmussen, A.R. 2011. Observation of mating behavior of Hydrophis brookii in captivity. Tropical Natural History 11(1): 81-84.

Smith, M.A. 1917. Preliminary diagnoses of four new sea snakes. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 2(4): 340-342.

Voris, H.K. 2017. Diversity of marine snakes on trawling grounds in the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Tropical Natural History 17(2): 65–87.

Hydrophis caerulescens

Kharin, V.E. 2004. On the taxonomic position of the sea snake Hydrophis caerulescens (Shaw, 1802) (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 30(3): 196-198.

Sarker, M.A.R.; Sanders, K.L.; Ukuwela, K.D.B.; Jamam, M.F. 2017. Sea Snakes of Bangladesh: a preliminary survey of Cox's Bazar district with notes on diet, reproduction, and conservation status. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12(2): 384-393

Sharma, R.C. 1982. Taxonomic and ecological studies on the reptiles of Gujarat. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 80(1-2): 85-106.

Varadaraju 2009. Ecology, faunal diversity and habitat management strategies of amphibians and reptiles of Sunderban. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 109(3): 61-78.

Voris, H.K. 2017. Diversity of marine snakes on trawling grounds in the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Tropical Natural History 17(2): 65–87.

Hydrophis coggeri

Bauer, A.M.; Vindum, J.V. 1990. A checklist and key to the herpetofauna of New Caledonia, with remarks on biogeography. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 47(2): 17-45.

Heatwole, H.; Cogger, H.G. 1994. Sea snakes of Australia. pp. 167-205. In: Gopalakrishnakone, P. (ed.). Venom and Toxin Research Group, National University of Singapore, Singapore University Press.

Ineich, I.; Borsa, P. 2003. Geographic distribution: Hydrophis coggeri (Cogger's Sea Snake). Herpetological Review 34(4): 388.

Ineich, I.; Rasmussen, A.R. 1997. Sea snakes from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands (Elapidae, Laticaudinae and Hydrophiinae). Zoosystema 19(2-3): 185-192.

Kharin, V.E. 2005. Distribution of a little-known sea snake Chitulia belcheri (Gray, 1849) and new records of rare species of the genus Leioselasma Lacepede, 1804 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 31(3): 159-163.

Hydrophis curtus

Abyerami, S.; Sivashanthini, K. 2008. Current status of marine snakes from Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka with description of hitherto unrecorded Hydrophis fasciatus fasciatus (Schneider, 1799). International Journal of Zoological Research 4(4): 214-224.

Avolio, C.; Shine, R.; Pile, A. 2006. Sexual dimorphism in scale rugosity in sea snakes (Hydrophiidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 89(2): 343-354.

Halstead, B.W.; Engen, P.C.; Tu, A.T. 1978. The venom and venom apparatus of the sea snake Lapemis hardwicki Gray. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 63(4): 371-396.

Han, K.H.; Stuebing, R.B.; Voris, H.K. 1991. Population structure and reproduction in the marine snake, Lapemis hardwickii Gray, from the west coast of Sabah. Sarawak Museum Journal 42(63): 463-475.

Heydari, S.Z.; Bakhtiari, A.R. 2014. Distribution patterns of PAHs in different tissues of annulated sea snake (Hydrophis cyanocinctus) and short sea snake (Lapemis curtus) from the Hara Protected Area on the North Coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 109: 116-123.

Kawamura, Y.; Sawai, Y.; Kaneta, H. 1981. Comparative potency of two seasnake antivenoms. The Snake 13(2): 151-153.

Kordi, M.; Shabanipour, N. 2012. Morphological characteristics of Short Sea Snake, Lapemis curtus (Shaw, 1802), with notes on new identification characteristics. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 8(1): 71-74.

Kumar, A.B.; Kumar, M.S.; Deepthi, G.R.; Mithun, S. 2007. Sea snakes associated with trawl by-catch of Kerala Coast, India. Cobra (Chennai) 1(1): 1-4.

Lillywhite, H.B.; Heatwole, H.; Sheehy, C.M. 2015. Dehydration and drinking behavior in true sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae: Hydrophiini). Journal of Zoology (London) 296(4): 261-269.

Lobo, A.S.; Pandav, B.; Vasudevan, K. 2004. Weight-length relationships in two species of marine snakes along the coast of Goa, western India. Hamadryad 29(1): 89-93.

Lobo, A.S.; Vasudevan, K.; Pandav, B. 2005. Trophic ecology of Lapemis curtus (Hydrophiinae) along the western coast of India. Copeia 2005(3): 637-641.

Marcos, L.A.; Lanyon, J.M. 2004. Dietary and morphometric analysis of three sea snake species caught as a single trawl by-catch assemblage around the Swain's Reefs, southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 111: 63-71.

Padate, V.P.; Baragi, L.V.; Rivonker, C.U. 2009. Biological aspects of sea snakes caught incidentally by commercial trawlers off Goa, west coast of India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 1(12): 609-616.

Rameshwaran, M.; Naveen, J.A. 2008. Record of short snake Lapemis curtus (Shaw, 1802) at Tuticorin coastal waters Tamil Nadu. Cobra (Chennai) 2(3): 23-24.

Rasmussen, A.R.; Ineich, I. 2000. Sea snakes of New Caledonia and surrounding waters (Serpentes: Elapidae): first report on the occurrence of Lapemis curtus and description of a new species from the genus Hydrophis. Hamadryad 25(2): 91-99.

Rezaie-Atagholipour, M. 2012. Natural history notes: Lapemis curtus (Short Seasnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 43(3): 494.

Sarker, M.A.R.; Sanders, K.L.; Ukuwela, K.D.B.; Jamam, M.F. 2017. Sea Snakes of Bangladesh: a preliminary survey of Cox's Bazar district with notes on diet, reproduction, and conservation status. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12(2): 384-393

Sharma, R.C. 1982. Taxonomic and ecological studies on the reptiles of Gujarat. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 80(1-2): 85-106.

Silva, A. de; Sivaruban, A.; Ukuwela, K.; Rasmussen, A.R.; Sanders, K.L. 2011. First record of a sea snake (Lapemis curtus) feeding on a gastropod. Herpetology Notes 4: 373-375.

Silva, A. de; Ukuwela, K.; Sivaruban, A.; Sanders, K.L. 2011. Preliminary observations on the reproductive biology of six species of Sri Lankan sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae). Salamandra 47(4): 193-198.

Udyawer, V.; Cappo, M.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Heupel, M.R.; Lukoschek, V. 2014. Distribution of sea snakes in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: observations from 10 yrs of baited remote underwater video station (BRUVS) sampling. Coral Reefs 33(3): 777-791.

Udyawer, V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Heupel, M.R.; Clark, T.D. 2016. Coming up for air: thermal dependence of dive behaviours and metabolism in sea snakes. Journal of Experimental Biology 219(21): 3447-3454.

Udyawer, V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Heupel, M.R.; Clark, T.D. 2017. Temporal and spatial activity-associated energy partitioning in free-swimming sea snakes. Functional Ecology 31(9): 1739-1749

Udyawer, V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Read, M.; Hamann, M.; Heupel, M.R. 2016. Exploring habitat selection in sea snakes using passive acoustic monitoring and Bayesian hierarchical models. Marine Ecology Progress Series 546: 249-262.

Ukuwela, K.D.B.; Silva, A. de; Mumpuni, A.; Fry, B.G.; Sanders, K.L. 2014. Multilocus phylogeography of the sea snake Hydrophis curtus reveals historical vicariance and cryptic lineage diversity. Zoologica Scripta 43(5): 472-484.

Voris, H.K. 2017. Diversity of marine snakes on trawling grounds in the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Tropical Natural History 17(2): 65–87.

Ward, T.M. 2001. Age structures and reproductive patterns of two species of sea snake, Lapemis hardwickii Grey (1836) and Hydrophis elegans (Grey 1842), incidentally captured by prawn trawlers in northern Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 52(2): 193-203.

Westhoff, G.; Fry, B.G.; Bleckmann, H. 2005. Sea snakes (Lapemis curtus) are sensitive to low-amplitude water motions. Zoology (Jena) 108(3): 195-200.

Hydrophis cyanocinctus

Anonymous. 1964. The marine observer's log. Turtle, Indian Ocean. Water snakes, Indian waters. Marine Observer 34(203): 15-16.

Abyerami, S.; Sivashanthini, K. 2008. Current status of marine snakes from Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka with description of hitherto unrecorded Hydrophis fasciatus fasciatus (Schneider, 1799). International Journal of Zoological Research 4(4): 214-224.

Badrudeen, M. 2000. On the occurrence of the cirriped barnacle, Chelonibia patula (Ranzani) on the sea snake, Hydrophis cyanocintus (Daudin). Indian Council of Agricultural Research Marine Fisheries Information Service Technical and Extension Series 164: 25, 37.

Bhise, S.B.; Bhide, M.B. 1978. Presynaptic action of 'Hydrophis cyanocinctus' venom. Bulletin of Haffkine Institute 6(3): 92-95.

Haas, G. 1957. Some amphibians and reptiles from Arabia. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Ser. 4) 29(4): 47-86.

Heydari, S.Z.; Bakhtiari, A.R. 2014. Distribution patterns of PAHs in different tissues of annulated sea snake (Hydrophis cyanocinctus) and short sea snake (Lapemis curtus) from the Hara Protected Area on the North Coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 109: 116-123.

Huang, W. 1996. Sexual size dimorphism of sea snakes in Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science (Taichung) 7: 113-120.

Karthikeyan, R.; Balasubramanian, T. 2008. Feeding and reproductive behavior of captive sea snakes Hydrophis cyanocinctus. Applied Herpetology 5(1): 75-80.

Karthikeyan, R.; Vijayalakshmi, S.; Balasubramanian, T. 2008. Feeding and parturition of female annulated sea snake Hydrophis cyanocinctus in captivity. Current Science (Bangalore) 94(5): 660-664.

Kawamura, Y.; Sawai, Y.; Kaneta, H. 1981. Comparative potency of two seasnake antivenoms. The Snake 13(2): 151-153.

Kumar, A.B.; Kumar, M.S.; Deepthi, G.R.; Mithun, S. 2007. Sea snakes associated with trawl by-catch of Kerala Coast, India. Cobra (Chennai) 1(1): 1-4.

Laurent, R.F. 1948. Notes sur quelques reptiles appartenant a la collection du Musée royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique. II. Formes asiatiques et néoguinéennes. Bulletin Mus. Hist. Nat. Belgique (Bruxelles) 24(17): 1-12.

McCann, C. 1937. Sexual dimorphism in the sea snake (Distira cyanocincta Daud.). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 39: 872.

Raj, B.S. 1926. Parturitions of electric rays and a sea snake in the Marine Aquarium, Madras. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 31: 828.

Rezaie-Atagholipour, M.; Riyahi-Bakhtiari, A.; Rajabizadeh, M.; Ghezellou, P. 2012. Status of the Annulated Sea Snake, Hydrophis cyanocinctus, in the Hara Protected Area of the Persian Gulf (Reptilia: Elaphidae: Hydrophiinae). Zoology in the Middle East 57(1): 53-60.

Rezaie-Atagholipour, M.; Riyahi-Bakhtiari, A.; Sajjadi, M. 2013. Feeding habits of the Annulated Sea Snake, Hydrophis cyanocinctus, in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Herpetology 47(2): 328-330.

Rezaie-Atagholipour, M.; Riyahi-Bakhtiari, A.; Sajjadi, M.; Yap, C.K.; Ghaffari, S.; Ebrahimi-Sirizi, Z.; Ghezellou, P. 2012. Metal concentrations in selected tissues and main prey species of the annulated sea snake (Hydrophis cyanocinctus) in the Hara Protected Area, northeastern coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Marine Pollution Bulletin 64(2): 416-421.

Sarker, M.A.R.; Sanders, K.L.; Ukuwela, K.D.B.; Jamam, M.F. 2017. Sea Snakes of Bangladesh: a preliminary survey of Cox's Bazar district with notes on diet, reproduction, and conservation status. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12(2): 384-393

Shahriar, C.R.; Ali Reza, A.H.M. 2013. Geographic distribution: Hydrophis cyanocinctus (Annulated Sea Snake). Bangladesh: Cox’s Bazar District.: Sonadia Island. Herpetological Review 44(1): 109.

Silva, A. de; Ukuwela, K.; Sivaruban, A.; Sanders, K.L. 2011. Preliminary observations on the reproductive biology of six species of Sri Lankan sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae). Salamandra 47(4): 193-198.

Smith, M.A. 1919. Remarks on Col. Wall's identification of Hydrophis cyanocinctus. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 1919: 682-683.

Voris, H.K. 2017. Diversity of marine snakes on trawling grounds in the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Tropical Natural History 17(2): 65–87.

Hydrophis czeblukovi

Kharin, V.E. 2005. On new findings of a rare sea snake Leioselasma czeblukovi Kharin, 1984, with remarks on species composition and taxonomical position of the genus Leioselasma Lacépède, 1804, (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 31(5): 269-272.

Kharin, V.E.; Hallermann, J. 2010. A remote new distribution record and a redescription of a rare and little-known sea snake Leioselasma czeblukovi Kharin, 1984 (Hydrophiidae). Herpetology Notes 3: 315-319.

Rasmussen, A.R.; Smith, L. 1997. The taxonomic status of the sea snake Hydrophis czeblukovi (Kharin, 1984) from north-west Australian waters. Amphibia-Reptilia 18(4): 419-425.

Smith, L.A. 1986. A new species of Hydrophis (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) from north-west Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 13(1): 151-153.

Hydrophis donaldi

Ukuwela, K.; Sanders, K.L.; Frey, B.G. 2012. Hydrophis donaldi (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae), a highly distinctive new species of sea snake from northern Australia. Zootaxa 3201: 45-57.

Hydrophis elegans

Avolio, C.; Shine, R.; Pile, A. 2006. Sexual dimorphism in scale rugosity in sea snakes (Hydrophiidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 89(2): 343-354.

Kerford, M.R.; Wirsing, A.J.; Heithaus, M.R.; Dill, L.M. 2008. Danger on the rise: diurnal tidal state mediates an exchange of food for safety by the bar-bellied sea snake Hydrophis elegans. Marine Ecology Progress Series 358: 289-294.

Lillywhite, H.B.; Heatwole, H.; Sheehy, C.M. 2015. Dehydration and drinking behavior in true sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae: Hydrophiini). Journal of Zoology (London) 296(4): 261-269.

Marcos, L.A.; Lanyon, J.M. 2004. Dietary and morphometric analysis of three sea snake species caught as a single trawl by-catch assemblage around the Swain's Reefs, southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 111: 63-71.

Schulz, M. 2003. Frequency of sea snake strandings in north-eastern New South Wales. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 33(2): 109-110.

Stewart, D. 2003. A sea snake in the diet of a white-capped albatross. Sunbird 33(3): 118-120.

Udyawer, V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Heupel, M.R.; Clark, T.D. 2016. Coming up for air: thermal dependence of dive behaviours and metabolism in sea snakes. Journal of Experimental Biology 219(21): 3447-3454.

Udyawer, V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Heupel, M.R.; Clark, T.D. 2017. Temporal and spatial activity-associated energy partitioning in free-swimming sea snakes. Functional Ecology 31(9): 1739-1749

Udyawer, V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Read, M.; Hamann, M.; Heupel, M.R. 2016. Exploring habitat selection in sea snakes using passive acoustic monitoring and Bayesian hierarchical models. Marine Ecology Progress Series 546: 249-262.

Ward, T.M. 2001. Age structures and reproductive patterns of two species of sea snake, Lapemis hardwickii Grey (1836) and Hydrophis elegans (Grey 1842), incidentally captured by prawn trawlers in northern Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 52(2): 193-203.

Hydrophis fasciatus

Abyerami, S.; Sivashanthini, K. 2008. Current status of marine snakes from Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka with description of hitherto unrecorded Hydrophis fasciatus fasciatus (Schneider, 1799). International Journal of Zoological Research 4(4): 214-224.

Boulenger, G.A. 1900. Descriptions of new reptiles from Perak, Malay Peninsula. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 7) 5: 306-308.

Silva, A. de; Ukuwela, K.; Sivaruban, A.; Sanders, K.L. 2011. Preliminary observations on the reproductive biology of six species of Sri Lankan sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae). Salamandra 47(4): 193-198.

Voris, H.K. 2017. Diversity of marine snakes on trawling grounds in the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Tropical Natural History 17(2): 65–87.

Xu, S.; He, H.Y. 1998. A comparative study on the larynges of ten species of snakes. Zoological Research 19(1): 90-92.

Hydrophis hendersoni

Boulenger, G.A. 1903. Description of a new sea-snake from Rangoon. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 15: 719.

Rasmussen, A.R.; Ineich, I.; Elmberg, J.; McCarthy, C. 2011. Status of the Asiatic sea snakes of the Hydrophis nigrocinctus group (H. nigrocinctus, H. hendersoni, and H. walli; Elapidae, Hydrophiinae). Amphibia-Reptilia 32(4): 459-464.

Hydrophis inornatus

Kharin, V.E.; Czeblukov, V.P. 2005. On the new record of rare sea snake Chitulia inornata Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) from Australia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 12(2): 99-101.

Kharin, V.E.; Dotsenko, I.B. 2012. The first record of the sea snake Chitulia inornata Gray, 1849 from the Arabian Sea with notes on the composition of the genus Chitulia Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 38(1): 35-42.

Rasmussen, A.R. 1989. An analysis of Hydrophis ornatus (Gray), H. lamberti Smith, and H. inornatus (Gray) (Hydrophiidae, Serpentes) based on samples from various localities, with remarks on feeding and breeding biology of H. ornatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 10(4): 397-417.

Voris, H.K. 2017. Diversity of marine snakes on trawling grounds in the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Tropical Natural History 17(2): 65–87.

Hydrophis jerdonii

Abyerami, S.; Sivashanthini, K. 2008. Current status of marine snakes from Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka with description of hitherto unrecorded Hydrophis fasciatus fasciatus (Schneider, 1799). International Journal of Zoological Research 4(4): 214-224.

Rasmussen, A.R.; Andersen, M. 1990. The sea snake Kerilia jerdoni Gray (1849): first records from Andaman Sea, Phuket Island, Thailand, with remarks on the two subspecies. The Snake 22(2): 131-133.

Smith, M.A. 1917. Preliminary diagnoses of four new sea snakes. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 2(4): 340-342.

Hydrophis kingi

Trembath, D. 2003. Observation on shallow water use by a sea snake (Disteira kingii). Herpetofauna (Sydney) 33(1): 24-25.

Hydrophis laboutei

Rasmussen, A.R.; Ineich, I. 2000. Sea snakes of New Caledonia and surrounding waters (Serpentes: Elapidae): first report on the occurrence of Lapemis curtus and description of a new species from the genus Hydrophis. Hamadryad 25(2): 91-99.

Hydrophis lamberti

Rasmussen, A.R. 1989. An analysis of Hydrophis ornatus (Gray), H. lamberti Smith, and H. inornatus (Gray) (Hydrophiidae, Serpentes) based on samples from various localities, with remarks on feeding and breeding biology of H. ornatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 10(4): 397-417.

Smith, M.A. 1917. Preliminary diagnoses of four new sea snakes. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 2(4): 340-342.

Hydrophis lapemoides

Abyerami, S.; Sivashanthini, K. 2008. Current status of marine snakes from Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka with description of hitherto unrecorded Hydrophis fasciatus fasciatus (Schneider, 1799). International Journal of Zoological Research 4(4): 214-224.

Hellyer, P.; Brown, B. 1992. Reptiles and amphibians. Tribulus 2(2): 44-45.

Rasmussen, A.R. 1987. Persian Gulf sea snake Hydrophis lapemoides (Gray): new records from Phuket Island, Ardaman Sea, and the southern part of the Straits of Malacca. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society 35: 57-58.

Rasmussen, A.R. 1993. The status of the Persian Gulf sea snake Hydrophis lapemoides (Gray, 1849) (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 59(2): 97-105.

Toriba, M.; Sawai, Y. 1981. New record of Persian Gulf seasnake, Hydrophis lapemoides (Gray), from Penang, Malaysia. The Snake 13(2): 134-136.

Toriba, M.; Sawai, Y. 1981. New record of the Persian Gulf seasnake, Hydrophis lapemoides from Malaysia. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 9(2): 63-64.

Wall, F. 1924. Notes on two specimens of the sea snake Lioselasma lapemidoides (Gray). Spolia Zeylanica 13: 89-92.

Hydrophis macdowelli

Ineich, I.; Rasmussen, A.R. 1997. Sea snakes from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands (Elapidae, Laticaudinae and Hydrophiinae). Zoosystema 19(2-3): 185-192.

Kharin, V.E. 1983. A new species of the genus Hydrophis sensu lato (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae) from the North Australian Shelf. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 62(11): 1751-1753.

Hydrophis major

Borsa, P. 2008. Sea snakes: overlooked predators at an urban fringing reef. Coral Reefs 27(4): 743.

Goiran, C.; Shine, R. 2014. Reaction of a sea snake (Hydrophis major) to contact with a sea anemone. Coral Reefs 33(3): 793.

Ineich, I.; Rasmussen, A.R. 1997. Sea snakes from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands (Elapidae, Laticaudinae and Hydrophiinae). Zoosystema 19(2-3): 185-192.

Letourneur, Y.; Briand, M.J. 2012. Catfish Plotosus lineatus are prey for the rare seasnake Hydrophis major in New Caledonia. Coral Reefs 31(2): 349.

Wirsing, A.J.; Heithaus, M.R. 2009. Olive-headed sea snakes Disteria major shift seagrass microhabitats to avoid shark predation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 387: 287-293.

Hydrophis mamillaris

Talukdar, S.K.; Dattagupta, B. 1980. Notes on the occurrence of the sea snakes, Hydrophis mamillaris (Daudin) and Microcephalophis gracilis (Shaw) from West Bengal. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 18(2) [1976]: 389-391.

Hydrophis melanocephalus

Asanuma, E.; Otuji, T.; Nakamoto, E.; Kawamura, Y.; Toriba, M. 1998. Report of the sea snake bite by Hydrophis melanocephalus at Amami-Oshima Island, Japan. The Snake 28(1-2): 62-64.

Berry, P.F. 1986. Faunal surveys of the Rowley Shoals, Scott Reef and Seringapatam Reef, north western Australia. Part 8. Insects, reptiles, birds and seagrasses. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 25: 105-106.

Huang, W. 1996. Sexual size dimorphism of sea snakes in Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science (Taichung) 7: 113-120.

Kamezaki, N.; Nakanishi, T.; Tamaki, T. 1993. A note of foraging behavior of the seasnake Hydrophis melanocephalus (Reptilia: Squamata). (In Japanese, English summary). I.O.P. Diving News 4(7): 1-3.

Kawamura, Y.; Sawai, Y.; Kaneta, H. 1981. Comparative potency of two seasnake antivenoms. The Snake 13(2): 151-153.

Kharin, V.E. 2006. An annotated checklist of sea snakes of Vietnam, with notes on a new record of the Yellow-lipped Sea Krait, Laticauda colubrina (Schneider, 1799) (Laticaudidae, Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 32(4): 223-228.

Masunaga, G.; Nagai, Y.; Tanase, H.; Ota, H. 2005. A record of the black-headed sea snake, Hydrophis melanocephalus (Reptilia: Elapidae), from Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Current Herpetology 24(1): 37-41.

Miho, H.; Sato, M. 2000. [Records of five species of snakes preserved in the Rishiri Town Museum]. (In Japanese, English summary). Rishiri Studies 19: 11-13.

Takahashi, H. 1981. The feeding behaviour of a seasnake, Hydrophis melanocephalus Gray. The Snake 13(2): 158-159.

Zhou, F.; Yu, L.J. 2002. [Snakes along the boundary area between southwest Guangxi, China and Vietnam]. (In Chinese, English summary). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 21(4): 236-238.

Hydrophis melanosoma

Boulenger, G.A. 1900. Descriptions of new reptiles from Perak, Malay Peninsula. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 7) 5: 306-308.

Hydrophis nigrocinctus

Kharin, V.E. 1989. A new sea snake species of the genus Disteira (Serpentes, Hydrophoriidae) from the waters of the Maley Archipelago. Vestnik Zoologii 1989(1): 29-32.

Rasmussen, A.R.; Ineich, I.; Elmberg, J.; McCarthy, C. 2011. Status of the Asiatic sea snakes of the Hydrophis nigrocinctus group (H. nigrocinctus, H. hendersoni, and H. walli; Elapidae, Hydrophiinae). Amphibia-Reptilia 32(4): 459-464.

Varadaraju 2009. Ecology, faunal diversity and habitat management strategies of amphibians and reptiles of Sunderban. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 109(3): 61-78.

Hydrophis obscurus

Kharin, V.E. 1984. Sea snakes of the genus Hydrophis sensu lato (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae) on taxonomic status of the New Guinea H. obscurus. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 63(4): 630-632.

Murthy, T.S.N. 1987. Herpetofauna of the Chilka Lagoon, Orissa, India. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 21-22: 8-12.

Venkateswarlu, T.; Pattanayak, J.G.; Nahar, S.C.; Mohapatra, A. 1995. On the collection of snakes from Mahanadi Estuary (Orissa, India). The Snake 27(1): 49-52.

Hydrophis ocellatus

Kinghorn, J.R. 1942. Herpetological notes. 4. Records of the Australian Museum 21(2): 118-121.

Udyawer, V.; Cappo, M.; Simpfendorfer, C.A.; Heupel, M.R.; Lukoschek, V. 2014. Distribution of sea snakes in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: observations from 10 yrs of baited remote underwater video station (BRUVS) sampling. Coral Reefs 33(3): 777-791.

Hydrophis ornatus

Costa, N. de 1980. Gray's sea snake. Loris 15(3): 155-156, 195.

Holtzinger-Tenever, H. 1920. Herpetologische Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Oldenburg. Gr. Arch. Natg. Berlin Abt. A 85(11): 81-98.

Ineich, I.; Rasmussen, A.R. 1997. Sea snakes from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands (Elapidae, Laticaudinae and Hydrophiinae). Zoosystema 19(2-3): 185-192.

Kumar, A.B.; Kumar, M.S.; Deepthi, G.R.; Mithun, S. 2007. Sea snakes associated with trawl by-catch of Kerala Coast, India. Cobra (Chennai) 1(1): 1-4.

Limpus, C.J.; Lyon, B.J. 1979. Two additional sea snake species from south Queensland. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 11(1): 10-11.

Mittleman, M.B. 1947. Geographic variation in the sea snake, Hydrophis ornatus (Gray). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60: 1-6.

Perveen, Z.; Iffat, F.; Auffenberg, W. 1988. New reptile records for Pakistan. Herpetological Review 19(3): 61.

Rai, M. 1969. Sur deux serpents recoltés en Iran Hydrophis spiralis Gray et Hydrophis ornatus Gunther. Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux 106(4): unpaginated.

Rasmussen, A.R. 1989. An analysis of Hydrophis ornatus (Gray), H. lamberti Smith, and H. inornatus (Gray) (Hydrophiidae, Serpentes) based on samples from various localities, with remarks on feeding and breeding biology of H. ornatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 10(4): 397-417.

Romer, J.D. 1958. Occurrence of the sea snake Hydrophis ornatus ornatus (Gray) near Hong Kong. Hong Kong Univ. Fisheries Jrnl. 2: 129.

Toriba, M.; Nakamoto, E. 1991. Occurrence of Hydrophis ornatus (Gray) at Amami-oshima Island, Japan. The Snake 23(2): 117-118.

Hydrophis pachycercos

Rasmussen, A.R.; Gravlund, P.; Nguyen, C.V.; Chanhome, L. 2007. A resurrection of Hydrophis pachycercos Fischer 1855 (Serpentes: Elapidae) with a new neotype from the south China Sea. Hamadryad 31(2): 288-298.

Hydrophis pacificus

Kawamura, Y.; Sawai, Y.; Kaneta, H. 1981. Comparative potency of two seasnake antivenoms. The Snake 13(2): 151-153.

Kharin, V.E. 2005. Distribution of a little-known sea snake Chitulia belcheri (Gray, 1849) and new records of rare species of the genus Leioselasma Lacepede, 1804 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 31(3): 159-163.

Hydrophis parviceps

Kharin, V.E. 2013. [The first finding of a rare sea snake Hydrophis parviceps Smith, 1935 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) in the Gulf of Tonkin (South China Sea)]. (In Russian). Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok) 39(3): 230-232.

Rasmussen, A.R.; Elmberg, J.; Sanders, K.L.; Gravlund, P. 2012. Rediscovery of the rare sea snake Hydrophis parviceps Smith 1935: identification and conservation status. Copeia 2012(2): 276-282.

Taylor, E.H. 1963. New and rare oriental reptiles. Copeia 1963: 429-433.

Hydrophis peronii

Borsa, P. 2008. Sea snakes: overlooked predators at an urban fringing reef. Coral Reefs 27(4): 743.

Kharin, V.E. 1984. The first record of three species of sea snakes from Vietnam with a note on rare variety of Praescutata viperina. Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok) 1984(2): 26-30.

Kinghorn, J.R. 1926. A new genus of sea snake and other reptiles collected by H.M.A.S. "Geranium" during a cruise to North Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 96(1): 71-74.

Lillywhite, H.B.; Heatwole, H.; Sheehy, C.M. 2015. Dehydration and drinking behavior in true sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae: Hydrophiini). Journal of Zoology (London) 296(4): 261-269.

Minton, S.A.; Dunson, W.W. 1985. Sea snakes collected at Chesterfield Reefs, Coral Sea. Atoll Research Bulletin 292: 101-108.

Hydrophis platurus

Alvarez Leon, R.; Hernandez Camacho, J.I. 1998. Notas sobre la ocurrencia de Pelamis platurus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) en el Pacifico Colombiano. Caldasia 20(2): 93-102.

Alvarez, F.; Celis, A. 2004. On the occurrence of Conchoderma virgatum and Dosima fascicularis (Cirripedia, Thoracica) on the sea snake, Pelamis platurus (Reptilia, Serpentes) in Jalisco, Mexico. Crustaceana (Leiden) 77(6): 761-764.

Bessesen, B.L. 2012. Geospatial and behavioral observations of a unique xanthic colony of Pelagic Sea Snakes, Pelamis platurus, residing in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. Herpetological Review 43(1): 22-26.

Bessesen, B.L.; Galbreath, G.J. 2017. A new subspecies of sea snake, Hydrophis platurus xanthos, from Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. ZooKeys 686: 109–123.

Blakeslee, S. 1984. Mysterious sea snakes lure a research team. Chicago Herpetological Society Newsletter 1984(June): 1p.

Bolanos, R.; Flores, A.; Taylor, R.T.; Cerdas, L. 1974. Colour patterns and venom characteristics in Pelamis platurus. Copeia 1974(4): 909-912.

Brischoux, F.; Lillywhite, H.B. 2011. Light- and flotsam-dependent 'float-and-wait' foraging by pelagic sea snakes (Pelamis platurus). Marine Biology (Berlin) 158(10): 2343-2347.

Brischoux, F.; Lillywhite, H.B. 2013. Trophic consequences of pelagic life-style in yellow-bellied sea snakes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 478: 231-238.

Bruggen, A.C. van 1961. Pelamis platurus an unusual item of food of Octopus spec. Basteria 25: 73-74.

Buden, D.W.; Queiroz, K. de; Rooijen, J. van; Stinson, D.W.; Wiles, G.J.; Sabrino, R. 2014. New information and reappraisals concerning some alien and indigenous snake records from the Federated States of Micronesia and the Mariana Islands. Pacific Science 68(2): 287-293.

Carlson, B.A. 2000. Husbandry of the yellow-bellied sea snake, Pelamis platurus. American Zoo and Aquarium Association Annual Conference Proceedings 2000: 27-29.

Casas-Andreu, G. 1990. Geographic distribution: Pelamis platurus (Yellowbelly Sea Snake). Herpetological Review 21(2): 41.

Cruz, G.A.; Wilson, L.D.; Espinosa, J. 1979. Two additions to the reptile fauna of Honduras, Eumeces managuae Dunn and Agkistrodon bilineatus (Gunther), with comment on Pelamis platurus (Linnaeus). Herpetological Review 10(1): 26-27.

Dean, B. 1938. Note on the sea snake, Pelamis platurus. Science (New York) 88(2276): 144-5.

Durso, A.M.; Rodríguez, M.E.; Lugo, E. 2015. Natural history notes: Hydrophis (=Pelamis) platura (Yellow-bellied Seasnake). Interaction with dolphins. Herpetological Review 46(1): 104.

Durso, A.M.; Rodriguez, M.E.; Lugo, E. 2015. Natural history notes: Hydrophis platura - addendum. Herpetological Review 46(3): 455.

Frade, F.; Manacas, S. 1955. Serpentes do Ultramar portugues. Garcia de Orta Sér. Zool. (Lisboa) 3(4): 547-553.

Goldberg, S.R. 2004. Note on reproduction of the yellowbelly sea snake, Pelamis platurus (Serpentes: Elapidae) from Costa Rica. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 40(3): 91-93.

Graham, J.B. 1974. Aquatic respiration in the sea snake Pelamis platurus. Respiration Physiology 21(1): 1-7.

Graham, J.B. 1974. Body temperatures of the sea snake Pelamis platurus. Copeia 1974(2): 531-533.

Graham, J.B.; Gee, J.H.; Motta, J.; Rubinoff, I. 1987. Subsurface buoyancy regulation by the sea snake Pelamis platurus. Physiological Zoology 60(2): 251-261.

Graham, J.B.; Lowell, W.R.; Rubinoff, I.; Motta, J. 1987. Surface & subsurface swimming of the sea snake Pelamis platurus. Journal of Experimental Biology 127: 27-44.

Guinea, M.L. 1992. The yellow-bellied sea snake Pelamis platurus in the Northern Territory. Northern Territory Naturalist 13: 37-39.

Gutierrez, J.M.; Bolanos, R. 1980. Karyotype of the yellow-bellied sea snake, Pelamis platurus. Journal of Herpetology 14(2): 161-165.

Hawkins, L. 2005. Pacific gull attempting to eat a snake. Bird Observer (Nunawading) 836: 34.

Hecht, M.K.; Kropach, C.N.; Hecht, B.M. 1974. Distribution of the Yellow-Bellied Sea Snake, Pelamis platurus, and Its Significance in Relation to the Fossil Record. Herpetologica 30(4): 387-396.

Hernandez-Camacho, J.I.; Alvarez-Leon, R.; Renjifo-Rey, J.M. 2006. Pelagic sea snake Pelamis platurus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) is found on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Memoria de la Fundacion la Salle de Ciencias Naturales 65(164), 2005(2006): 143-152.

Honma, Y.; Yoshie, S.; Ishiyama, M. 1982. Histological studies on some organs of a pregnant sea snake, Pelamis platurus, caught in summer off northern coast of Sado Island in the Sea of Japan. Annual Report of the Sado Marine Biological Station Niigata University 12: 1-15.

Huang, W. 1996. Sexual size dimorphism of sea snakes in Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science (Taichung) 7: 113-120.

Hubbs, C.L. 1961. The marine vertebrates of the outer coast. Systematic Zoology 9 196: 134-147.

Ineich, I. 1988. Le serpent marin Pelamis platurus (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae): bilan des connaissances sur sa biologie et sa distribution, situation en Polynesie orientale. Annee Biologique 27(2): 93-117.

Ineich, I. 2018. Natural history notes: Hydrophis platurus (Yellow-bellied Seasnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 49(1): 132.

Ineich, I.; Dune, M. 2013. Natural history notes: Pelamis platura (Yellow-bellied Seasnake). Reproduction / Mating behavior. Herpetological Review 44(4): 695-696.

Jubb, R.A. 1983. A record of the yellow and black sea-snake, Pelamis platurus. Naturalist (Port Elizabeth) 27(3): 38.

Kantz, H. 1983. Unglaublich, aber wahr - oder - Wie ich für kurze Zeit in den Besitz einer Seeschlange, wahrscheinlich Pelamis platurus, gekommen bin. Sauria (Berlin) 5(3): 15.

Kharin, V.E. 2007. On the second record of yellow-bellied sea snake Pelamis platurus (Linnaeus, 1766) from Russia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 14(1): 45-49.

Kharin, V.E.; Timentzev, A.A. 2009. [Rare and little-known snakes in north-eastern Eurasia. 2. records of two-colored yellow-bellied sea snake (Pelamis platura, Hydrophiidae) in the Russian waters]. (In Russian). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 9(3-4): 122-129.

Krefft, G. 1953. Herpetologische Eindrücke einer Walfangreise. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 6: 100-103.

Kropach, C.N. 1971. Another color variety of the sea snake Pelamis platurus from Panama Bay. Herpetologica 27: 326-327.

Kropach, C.N. 1971. Sea snake (Pelamis platurus) aggregations on slicks in Panama. Herpetologica 27: 131-135.

Kropach, C.N. 1972. Pelamis platurus as a potential colonizer of the Caribbean Sea. Bulletin Biol. Soc. Wash. 2 [1972]: 267-269.

Kropach, C.N. 1973. A field study of the sea snake Pelamis platurus (Linnaeus) in the Gulf of Panama. Dissertation Abstracts International 33B(11): 5152.

Kropach, C.N.; Soule, J.D. 1973. An unusual association between an ectoproct and a sea snake. Herpetologica 29(1): 17-19.

Kube, C.; Ling, H. 2012. Observation of a Yellow-bellied Seasnake (Pelamis platurus) on Maria Island. Tasmanian Naturalist 134: 92-94.

Lanza, B. 1954. Su un esemplare di Pelamis platurus (L.) catturato in un fiumo della piccola Andaman. (Serpentes; Hydrophiidae). Monitore Zoologico Italiano 62: 67-70.

Lawrence, J.M. 2007. First record of the yellow-bellied sea snake (Pelamis platurus) from Cousine Island, Seychelles. Phelsuma 15: 90-91.

Lillywhite, H.B.; Brischoux, F.; Sheehy, C.M.; Pfaller, J.B. 2012. Dehydration and drinking responses in a Pelagic Sea Snake. Integrative and Comparative Biology 52(2): 227-234.

Lillywhite, H.B.; Sheehy, C.M.; Brischoux, F.; Grech, A. 2014. Pelagic sea snakes dehydrate at sea. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 281(1782): 20140119.

Lillywhite, H.B.; Sheehy, C.M.; Brischoux, F.; Pfaller, J.B. 2015. On the abundance of a pelagic sea snake. Journal of Herpetology 49(2): 184-189.

Limpus, C.J. 2001. A breeding population of the Yellow-bellied sea-snake, Pelamis platurus, in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 46(2): 629-630.

Lord, C.E.; Scott, H.H. 1924. A Synopsis of the Vertebrate Animals of Tasmania. Oldham, Beddome and Meredith, Hobart. 340 pp.

Mao, S.H.; Chen, B.Y. 1979. The stalked barnacle Concoderma virgatum var. hunteri (Owen), found on the sea snake Pelamis platurus (Linnaeus). Snake 11(2): 242-244.

Martens, H. 1995. Serpientes marinas (Orden Squamata). pp. 1665-1667. In: Fischer, W.; Krupp, F.; Schneider, W.; Sommer, C.; Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds.). Guia FAO para la identificacion de especies para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Vol. 3: Vertebrados - Parte 2. Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentacion, Rome. pp. 1201-1813.

McCoy, C.J.; Hahn, D.E. 1979. The yellow-bellied sea snake, Pelamis platurus (Reptilia: Hydrophiidae), in the Philippines. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 48(14): 231-234.

Minton, S.A.; Dunson, W.W. 1985. Sea snakes collected at Chesterfield Reefs, Coral Sea. Atoll Research Bulletin 292: 101-108.

Mitra, S.; Sarkar, J.; Chatterjee, T.K. 2000. Occurrence of yellow-bellied Pelamis platurus (Linn.), Reptilia: Hydrophidae, in coastal waters off Digha, West Bengal. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 97(1): 148-149.

Myers, G.S. 1945. Nocturnal observations on sea-snakes in Bahia Honda, Panama. Herpetologica 3: 22-23.

Palot, M.J.; Radhakrishnan, C. 2010. First record of yellow-bellied sea snake Pelamis platurus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Reptilia: Hydrophiidae) from a riverine tract in northern Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2(9): 1175-1176.

Papavero, N.; Santos, C.F.M. dos 2012. [The strange history of the snake related in the account of the S. Pedro and S. Joam ship from Macau (Fascunh 1743) - a Portuguese work on herpetology]. (In Portuguese). Arquivos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo) 43(1): 1-108.

Parmar, D.S. 2018. First record of a Yellow-bellied Sea Snake, Hydrophis platurus (Linnaeus 1766), from Gujarat, India. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 25(2): 137–138.

Pfaller, J.B.; Frick, M.G.; Brischoux, F.; Sheehy, C.M.; Lillywhite, H.B. 2012. Marine snake epibiosis: a review and first report of decapods associated with Pelamis platurus. Integrative and Comparative Biology 52(2): 296-310.

Phillipps, W.J. 1941. Recent occurrence of Pelamis platurus Linn. in New Zealand. Transactions & Proc. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 71(1): 23-24.

Pickwell, G.V. 1971. Knotting and coiling behaviour in the pelagic sea snake Pelamis platurus. Copeia 1971: 348-350.

Pickwell, G.V.; Bezy, R.L.; Fitch, J.E. 1983. Northern occurrences of the seasnake, Pelamis platurus, in the eastern Pacific, with a record of predation on the species. California Fish and Game 69(3): 172-177.

Quiñones, J.; García-Burneo, K.; Barragan, C. 2014. Rediscovery of the Yellow-bellied Sea Snake, Hydrophis platurus (Linnaeus, 1766) in Máncora, northern Perú. Check List 10(6): 1563-1564.

Reynolds, R.P.; Pickwell, G.V. 1984. Records of the yellow-bellied sea snake Pelamis platurus, from the Galapagos Islands. Copeia 1984(3): 786-789.

Rubinoff, I.; Graham, J.B.; Motta, J. 1986. Diving of the sea snake Pelamis platurus in the Gulf of Panama. 1. Dive depth and duration. Marine Biology (Berlin) 91(2): 181-191.

Rubinoff, I.; Graham, J.B.; Motta, J. 1988. Diving of the sea snake Pelamis platurus in the Gulf of Panama. 2. Horizontal movement patterns. Marine Biology (Berlin) 97(2): 157-163.

Sarker, M.A.R.; Sanders, K.L.; Ukuwela, K.D.B.; Jamam, M.F. 2017. Sea Snakes of Bangladesh: a preliminary survey of Cox's Bazar district with notes on diet, reproduction, and conservation status. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12(2): 384-393

Schulz, M. 2003. Frequency of sea snake strandings in north-eastern New South Wales. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 33(2): 109-110.

Seymour, R.S.; Spragg, R.G.; Hartman, M.T. 1981. Distribution of ventilation and perfusion in the sea snake, Pelamis platurus. Journal of Comparative Physiology 145(1): 109-115.

Sheehy, C.M.; Pfaller, J.B.; Lillywhite, H.B.; Heatwole, H.F. 2011. Natural history notes: Pelamis platura (Yellow-bellied Seasnake). Predation. Herpetological Review 42(3): 443.

Sheehy, C.M.; Solórzano, A.; Pfaller, J.B.; Lillywhite, H.B. 2012. Preliminary insights into the phylogeography of the Yellow-bellied Sea Snake, Pelamis platurus. Integrative and Comparative Biology 52(2): 321-330.

Sigüenza-Pérez, D.; García-Grajales, J.; Mata-Silva, V. 2014. Natural history notes: Pelamis platura (Yellow-bellied Seasnake). Shedding behavior. Herpetological Review 45(2): 341.

Solorzano, A. 1995. A case of human bite by the pelagic sea snake Pelamis platurus (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 43(1-3): 321-322.

Solórzano, A.; Kastiel, T. 2015. Nature notes: Hydrophis platurus. Predation by a Wood Stork (Mycteria americana). Mesoamerican Herpetology 2(1): 121–123.

Solórzano, A.; Mahmood, S. 2011. Natural history notes: Pelamis platura (Yellow-bellied Seasnake). Mating behavior. Herpetological Review 42(3): 443-444.

Solórzano, A.; Sasa, M. 2017. Nature notes: Hydrophis platura. Predation by a Common Black-Hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus). Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(2): 431-433.

Switak, K.H. 1998. Extraordinary feeding behavior for the Yellow-bellied Sea Snake, Pelamis platurus (Linnaeus, 1766). Monitor (Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society) 9(2): 48-49.

Switak, K.H. 2002. Extraordinary feeding behavior for the yellow-bellied seasnake, Pelamis platurus. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 37(11): 194-195.

Tayless, J. 1968. Serpents in paradise. Pacific Discovery 21(3): 24-26.

Taylor, E.H. 1953. Early records of the seasnake Pelamis platurus in Latin America. Copeia 1953: 124.

Tripathy, B. 2006. Observations on hook-nosed sea snake Enhydrina schistosa (Daudin) and black and yellow sea snake Pelamis platurus (Linnaeus) at Rushikuyla, Orissa, India. Cobra (Chennai) 63: 4-5.

Tu, A.T. 1976. Investigation of the sea snake, Pelamis platurus (Reptilia, Serpentes, Hydrophiidae), on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, Central America. Journal of Herpetology 10(1): 13-18.

Vallarino, O.; Weldon, P.J. 1996. Reproduction in the yellow-bellied sea snake (Pelamis platurus) from Panama: field and laboratory observations. Zoo Biology 15(3): 309-314.

Vanderduys, E.P.; Hobson, R. 2004. Two accounts of birth, post beach-washing, in Yellow-bellied Sea Snakes, Pelamis platurus. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 34(2): 86-87.

Visser, J.D. 1967. Color varieties, brood size, and food of South African Pelamis platurus (Ophidia: Hydrophidae). Copeia 1967: 219.

Voris, H.K. 1983. Pelamis platurus (culebra del mar, pelagic sea snake). pp. 411-412. In: Janzen, D.H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 816 pp.

Walczak, P. 1978. First record of a black and yellow sea snake in the Yemen Arab Republic. British Herpetological Society Newsletter 18: 7.

Weldon, P.J. 1988. Feeding responses of Pacific snappers (genus Lutjanus) to the yellow-bellied sea snake (Pelamis platurus). Zoological Science (Tokyo) 5(2): 443-448.

Weldon, P.J.; Vallarino, O. 1988. Wounds on the yellow-bellied sea snake (Pelamis platurus) from Panama: evidence of would-be predators? Biotropica 20(2): 174-176.

Wilson, L.D.; McCranie, J.R.; Porras, L. 1978. Two snakes, Leptophis modestus and Pelamis platurus, new to the herpetofauna of Honduras. Herpetological Review 9(2): 63-64.

Yamato, S. 2012. [On "uga" specimen of Kumagus Minakata]. (In Japanese). Nanki Seibutu 54(1): 1-4.

Zeiller, W. 1969. Maintenance of the yellow-bellied seasnake, Pelamis platurus, in captivity. Copeia 1969: 407-408.

Hydrophis schistosus

Annandale, N. 1916. Preliminary report on the fauna of the Talé Sap or inland sea of Singgora. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 2(2): 90-102.

Bergman, R.A.M. 1942. Enhydrina schistosa. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië 102(1): 9-12.

Bokma, H. 1941. Doodelijke Vergiftiging door den beet van een Zeeslang [Fatal bite of sea snake Enhydrina schistosa]. Geneesk. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie 81(36): 1926-1931.

Kasturirangen, L.R. 1951. Placentation in the sea-snake, Enhydrina schistosa (Daudin). Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences 34B(1): 1-32.

Kawamura, Y.; Sawai, Y.; Kaneta, H. 1981. Comparative potency of two seasnake antivenoms. The Snake 13(2): 151-153.

Kularatne, S.A.M.; Hettiarachchi, R.; Dalpathadu, J; Mendis, A.S.V.; Appuhamy, P.D.S.A.N.; Zoysa, H.D.J.; Maduwage, K.; Weerasinghe, V.S.; Silva, A. de 2014. Enhydrina schistosa (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) the most dangerous sea snake in Sri Lanka: three case studies of severe envenoming. Toxicon 77: 78-86.

Kumar, A.B.; Kumar, M.S.; Deepthi, G.R.; Mithun, S. 2007. Sea snakes associated with trawl by-catch of Kerala Coast, India. Cobra (Chennai) 1(1): 1-4.

Lobo, A.S.; Pandav, B.; Vasudevan, K. 2004. Weight-length relationships in two species of marine snakes along the coast of Goa, western India. Hamadryad 29(1): 89-93.

McCann, C. 1937. Breeding season of the Jew's nosed sea snake (Enhydrina valakadyen Boie) in Bombay water. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 39: 872-873.

Murthy, T.S.N. 1986. Occurrence of the sea snake, Enhydria [Enhydrina] schistosa in the Chilka Lake, Orissa. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 83(3-4): 189-190.

Murthy, T.S.N. 1987. Herpetofauna of the Chilka Lagoon, Orissa, India. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 21-22: 8-12.

Murthy, T.S.N. 1995. Reptilia and Amphibia. pp. 507-560. In: Ghosh, A.K. (ed.). Fauna of Chilka Lake. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. 672 pp.

Murthy, T.S.N.; Rao, K.V.R. 1988. Additions to the herpetofauna of Chilka Lagoon, Orissa. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 84(2): 444-445.

Padate, V.P.; Baragi, L.V.; Rivonker, C.U. 2009. Biological aspects of sea snakes caught incidentally by commercial trawlers off Goa, west coast of India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 1(12): 609-616.

Sarker, M.A.R.; Sanders, K.L.; Ukuwela, K.D.B.; Jamam, M.F. 2017. Sea Snakes of Bangladesh: a preliminary survey of Cox's Bazar district with notes on diet, reproduction, and conservation status. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12(2): 384-393

Sharma, R.C. 1982. Taxonomic and ecological studies on the reptiles of Gujarat. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 80(1-2): 85-106.

Silva, A. de; Ukuwela, K.; Sivaruban, A.; Sanders, K.L. 2011. Preliminary observations on the reproductive biology of six species of Sri Lankan sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae). Salamandra 47(4): 193-198.

Tripathy, B. 2006. Observations on hook-nosed sea snake Enhydrina schistosa (Daudin) and black and yellow sea snake Pelamis platurus (Linnaeus) at Rushikuyla, Orissa, India. Cobra (Chennai) 63: 4-5.

Ukuwela, K.D.B.; Silva, A. de; Mumpuni, A.; Fry, B.G.; Lee, M.S.Y.; Sanders, K.L. 2013. Molecular evidence that the deadliest sea snake Enhydrina schistosa (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) consists of two convergent species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66(1): 262-269.

Varadaraju 2009. Ecology, faunal diversity and habitat management strategies of amphibians and reptiles of Sunderban. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 109(3): 61-78.

Venkateswarlu, T. 1976. A note on Enhydrina schistosa (Daudin) (Hydrophiidae: Serpentes). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 71(3) [1974]: 616-617.

Venkateswarlu, T.; Pattanayak, J.G.; Nahar, S.C.; Mohapatra, A. 1995. On the collection of snakes from Mahanadi Estuary (Orissa, India). The Snake 27(1): 49-52.

Voris, H.K. 1985. Population size estimates for a marine snake (Enhydrina schistosa) in Malaysia. Copeia 1985(4): 955-961.

Voris, H.K.; Jayne, B.C. 1979. Growth, reproduction and population structure of a marine snake, Enhydrina schistosa (Hydrophiidae). Copeia 1979(2): 307-318.

Voris, H.K.; Moffett, M.W. 1981. Size and proportion relationship between the beaked sea snake and its prey. Biotropica 13(1): 15-19.

Voris, H.K.; Voris, H.H. 1976. The natural food and feeding behaviour of a marine snake, Enhydrina schistosa (Hydrophiidae). (Abstract). Herpetological Review 7(2): 100.

Voris, H.K.; Voris, H.H.; Lim, B.L. 1978. The food and feeding behaviour of a marine snake, Enhydrina schistosa (Hydrophiidae). Copeia 1978(1): 134-146.

Hydrophis semperi

García, V.O.S.; Papa, R.D.S.; Briones, J.C.A.; Mendoza, N.; Noboru, O.; Diesmos, A.C. 2014. Food habits and distribution of the Lake Taal Sea Snake (Hydrophis semperi Garman 1881) and the sympatric Little File Snake (Acrochordus granulatus Schneider 1799) in Lake Taal, Philippines. Asian Herpetological Research 5(4): 255-262.

Garcia, V.O.S.; Papa, R.D.S.; Diesmos, A.C. 2017. Natural history notes: Hydrophis semperi (Lake Taal Sea Snake). Behavior. Herpetological Review 48(3): 673-674.

Zompro, O. 2009. Die Süsswasser-Seeschlange vom Taal Vulkan: Dohol. Aquaristik Fachmagazin & Aquarium Heute 41(6)(210): 82-84.

Hydrophis sibauensis

Rasmussen, A.R.; Auliya, M.; Böhme, W. 2001. A new species of the sea snake genus Hydrophis (Serpentes: Elapidae) from a river in West Kalimantan (Indonesia, Borneo). Herpetologica 57(1): 23-32.

Hydrophis spiralis

Abyerami, S.; Sivashanthini, K. 2008. Current status of marine snakes from Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka with description of hitherto unrecorded Hydrophis fasciatus fasciatus (Schneider, 1799). International Journal of Zoological Research 4(4): 214-224.

Amarasekera, N.; Jayawardena, A.; Ariyaratnam, A.; Hewage, U.C.L.; Silva, A. de 1994. Bite of a sea snake (Hydrophis spiralis): a case report from Sri Lanka. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 97(4): 195-198.

Frith, C.B. 1977. The sea snake Hydrophis spiralis (Shaw): a new species of the fauna of Thailand. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society 26: 339-344.

Ineich, I.; Rasmussen, A.R. 1997. Sea snakes from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands (Elapidae, Laticaudinae and Hydrophiinae). Zoosystema 19(2-3): 185-192.

Rai, M. 1969. Sur deux serpents recoltés en Iran Hydrophis spiralis Gray et Hydrophis ornatus Gunther. Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux 106(4): unpaginated.

Wall, F. 1911. Notes on a brood of young sea-snakes (Distria spiralis, Shaw). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 20: 858-862.

Hydrophis stokesii

Avolio, C.; Shine, R.; Pile, A. 2006. Sexual dimorphism in scale rugosity in sea snakes (Hydrophiidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 89(2): 343-354.

Boulenger, G.A. 1899. Exhibition of a large female specimen of the sea-snake Distira stokesii. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1899: 851.

Kharin, V.E. 1984. The first record of three species of sea snakes from Vietnam with a note on rare variety of Praescutata viperina. Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok) 1984(2): 26-30.

Mao, S.H.; Chen, B.Y. 1975. Disteira stokesi (Gray): an addition to the sea snake fauna of Taiwan. Herpetologica 31(4): 456-458.

Hydrophis torquatus

Ineich, I. 1996. Geographic distribution: Hydrophis torquatus diadema (West Coast Blackhead Sea Snake). Herpetological Review 27(3): 154.

Wall, F. 1913. Varieties of Hemibungarus nigrescens and Hydrophis torquatus. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 22: 638-639.

Hydrophis viperinus

Abyerami, S.; Sivashanthini, K. 2008. Current status of marine snakes from Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka with description of hitherto unrecorded Hydrophis fasciatus fasciatus (Schneider, 1799). International Journal of Zoological Research 4(4): 214-224.

Ahmed, S. 1975. Sea-snake Praescutata viperina (Schmidt) from the coast of West Bengal. Newsletter of the Zoological Survey of India 1(4): 66-67.

Rasmussen, A.; Sanders, K.; Lobo, A. 2010. Thalassophina viperina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T176711A7288083. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T176711A7288083.en.

Rasmussen, A.R. 1989. Sea snakes Thalassophina viperina (Schmidt) and Laticauda laticaudata (Linn.): new records from Phuket Island, Andaman Sea, with remarks on the two subspecies of L. laticaudata. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society 37(1): 99-103.

Silva, A. de; Ukuwela, K.; Sivaruban, A.; Sanders, K.L. 2011. Preliminary observations on the reproductive biology of six species of Sri Lankan sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae). Salamandra 47(4): 193-198.

Hydrophis zweifeli

Kharin, V.E. 1985. A new species of sea snakes of the genus Enhydrina (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae) from waters of New Guinea. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 64(5): 785-787.

Lillywhite, H.B.; Heatwole, H.; Sheehy, C.M. 2015. Dehydration and drinking behavior in true sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae: Hydrophiini). Journal of Zoology (London) 296(4): 261-269.