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Taxonomy of the genus Hypsiglena Biodiversity of the family Colubridae

Bibliography of the genus
Hypsiglena (North American Night Snakes)

(Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Hypsiglena in general

Cadle, J.E. 1984. Molecular systematics of Neotropical xenodontine snakes. 2. Central American xenodontines. Herpetologica 40(1): 21-30.

Dixon, J.R. 1965. A taxonomic re-evaluation of the night snake Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha and relatives. Southwestern Naturalist 10: 125-131.

Dixon, J.R.; Dean, R.H. 1986. Status of the southern populations of the night snake (Hypsiglena: Colubridae) exclusive of California and Baja California. Southwestern Naturalist 31(3): 307-318.

Glaser, R. 1955. A rock in the intestinal tract of the snake Hypsiglena. Copeia 1955(3): 248.

Jameson, D.L.; Jameson, A.M. 1956. Food habits and toxicity of the venom of the night snake. Herpetologica 12: 240.

Kassay, E. 1957. Evidence of ophiophagy in the night snake. Herpetologica 13: 172.

Mulcahy, D.G.; Beckstead, T.H.; Sites, J.W. 2011. Molecular systematics of the Leptodeirini (Colubroidea: Dipsadidae) revisited: species-tree analyses and multi-locus data. Copeia 2011(3): 407-417.

Mulcahy, D.G.; Macey, J.R. 2009. Vicariance and dispersal form a ring distribution in Nightsnakes around the Gulf of California. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53(2): 537-546.

Neill, W.T. 1954. Evidence of venom in snakes of the genera Alsophis and Rhadinaea. Copeia 1954: 59-60.

Peters, J.A. 1956. The occurrence of the snake genus Hypsiglena in Ecuador. Copeia 1956: 57-58.

Tanner, W.W. 1943. Two new species of Hypsiglena from western North America. Great Basin Naturalist 4(1-2): 49-54.

Tanner, W.W. 1944. A taxonomic study of the genus Hypsiglena. Great Basin Naturalist 5(3-4): 25-92.

Tanner, W.W. 1966. The night snakes of Baja California. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 14: 189-196.

Taylor, E.H. 1938. On Mexican snakes of the genera Trimorphodon and Hypsiglena. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 25: 357-383.

Hypsiglena affinis

Bañuelos-Alamillo, J.A.; Carbajal-Márquez, R.A. 2016. Distribution notes: Hypsiglena affinis Boulenger, 1894. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(1): 198.

Hensley, M.M.; Lannom, J.R. 1966. Noteworthy snake records for the Mexican states of Colima, Jalisco, and Nayarit. Herpetologica 22: 231-235.

Hypsiglena chlorophaea

Anderson, O.I. 1940. The spotted night snake in Oregon. Occasional Papers Department of Biology College of Puget Sound 7: 36-37.

Boundy, J.; Balgooyen, T.G. 1988. Record lengths for some amphibians and reptiles from the western United States. Herpetological Review 19(2): 26-27.

Burke, R.L.; Yurewicz, K.L. 2012. Influence of size, loss of tail, and burst speed on risk of predation in the Banded Gecko (Coleonyx variegatus). Southwestern Naturalist 57(1): 87-91.

Cooper, S.L. 1996. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata deserticola (Desert Night Snake). Herpetological Review 27(4): 213.

Diller, L.V.; Wallace, R.L. 1980. Additional distribution records and abundance of three species of snakes in southwestern Idaho. Great Basin Naturalist 41(1): 154-157.

Diller, L.V.; Wallace, R.L. 1986. Aspects of the life history and ecology of the Desert Night Snake, Hypsiglena torquata deserticola: Colubridae, in southwestern Idaho. Southwestern Naturalist 31(1): 55-64.

Durso, A.M.; Mulcahy, D.G. 2012. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena chlorophaea deserticola (Northern Desert Nightsnake). Herpetological Review 43(1): 106.

Ervin, E.L.; Carroll, S.L. 2007. Natural history notes: Hypsiglena torquata chlorophaea (Sonoran Nightsnake). Predation. Herpetological Review 38(4): 468.

Gregory, L. 2012. Hypsiglena chlorophaea Desert Night Snake - Couleuvre nocturne. Canadian Herpetologist 2(1): 4-5.

Hayes, F.E. 1985. Life history notes: Hypsiglena torquata deserticola (Desert Night Snake). Behavior. Herpetological Review 16(3): 79, 81.

Jochimsen, D.M.; Petersen, C.R.; Harmon, L.J. 2014. Influence of ecology and landscape on snake road mortality in a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem. Animal Conservation 17(6): 583-592.

Lacey, H.; Shewchuk, C.H.; Gregory, P.T.; Sarell, M.J.; Gregory, L.A. 1996. The occurrence of the Night Snake, Hypsiglena torquata, in British Columbia, with comments on its body size and diet. Canadian Field-Naturalist 110(4): 620-625.

Llewellyn, R.L. 1998. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata deserticola (Desert Night Snake). Herpetological Review 29(1): 53.

Mullen, D.A. 1977. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata deserticola. USA: California: Siskiyou Co. Herpetological Review 8(3): 84.

O'Connor, A.P.; Wallace, J.L.; Weaver, R.E.; Hayes, M.P. 2010. Pygmy short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglasii): unrecorded prey for the Great Basin nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea deserticola). Northwestern Naturalist 91(1): 79-81.

Rombough, C. 2016. Natural history notes: Hypsiglena chlorophaea (Desert Nightsnake). Reproduction / mating. Herpetological Review 47(2): 312.

Rybak, J.A.; Livo, L.J.; Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M. 1996. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata loreala (Mesa Verde Night Snake). Herpetological Review 27(4): 213.

Schulte, J.J.; Smith, G.R.; Lemos-Espinal, J.A.; Dayer, C.B. 2007. Natural history notes: Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha chlorophaea (Dusky-green Nightsnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 38(4): 467-468.

Storm, R.M. 1953. Range extension for the spotted night snake in Oregon. Herpetologica 9: 164.

Svihla, A.; Knox, C. 1940. The spotted night snake Hypsiglena in Washington. Copeia 1940: 52.

Tanner, W.W. 1958. Herpetology of Glen Canyon of the Upper Colorado River Basin. Herpetologica 14: 193-193.

Weaver, R.E. 2008. Distribution, abundance, and habitat associations of the Night Snake (Hypsiglena torquata) in Washington State. Northwestern Naturalist 89(3): 164-170.

Weaver, R.E. 2010. Activty patterns of the Desert Nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea). Southwestern Naturalist 55(2): 172-178.

Weaver, R.E. 2010. Diet and reproductive ecology of the Desert Nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea) in Central Washington State. Journal of Herpetology 44(1): 148-152.

Weaver, R.E. 2011. Effects of simulated moonlight on activity in the Desert Nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea). Northwest Science 85(3): 497-500.

Weaver, R.E.; Clark, W.H.; McEwen, D.C. 2012. Prey chemical discrimination by the Desert Nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea): a comparison of invertebrate and vertebrate prey. Journal of Herpetology 46(4): 523-526.

Weaver, R.E.; Dornburg, A. 2007. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata (Night Snake). USA: Washington. Herpetological Review 38(3): 355.

Weaver, R.E.; Dornburg, A. 2010. New and noteworthy county records of amphibians and reptiles from southeastern Washington State. Herpetological Review 41(1): 115-116.

Weaver, R.E.; Kardong, K.V. 2009. Microhabitat and prey odor selection in Hypsiglena chlorophaea. Copeia 2009(3): 475-482.

Weaver, R.E.; Weaver, K.S.; Johnson, T.M.; Myers, E.A. 2010. A new record size for the Northern Desert Nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea deserticola). Northwestern Naturalist 91(2): 218-220.

Hypsiglena janii

Bohannon, A.M.A.; Kiehne, M.L.; Sirsi, S.; MacLaren, A.R.; Forstner, M.R.J. 2018. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena jani (Chihuahuan Night Snake). Herpetological Review 49(1): 76.

Davis, D.R.; LaDuc, T.J. 2017. Natural history notes: Hypsiglena jani (Chihuahuan Nightsnake). Diet and prey size. Herpetological Review 48(2): 450-451.

Dixon, J.R. 1962. Three additional specimens of the night snake, Hypsiglena dunklei. Herpetologica 18: 134-135.

Doody, J.S.; Elmore, K.; Meier, A.; Kain, P. 2016. Natural history notes: Hypsiglena jani (Texas Nightsnake). Reproduction / timing of mating. Herpetological Review 47(3): 479.

Dundee, H.A. 1950. Additional records of Hypsiglena from Oklahoma, with notes on the behavior and the eggs. Herpetologica 6(2): 28-30.

Fouquette, M.J.; Rossman, D.A. 1963. Noteworthy records of Mexican amphibians and reptiles in the Florida State Museum and the Texas Natural History Collection. Herpetologica 19: 185-201.

Karges, J.P. 1981. Texas amphibians and reptiles: some new distributional records, part 3. Herpetological Review 12(2): 68-69.

Lannutti, D.I.; Laduc, T.J.; Johnson, J.D. 1996. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata jani (Texas Night Snake). Herpetological Review 27(4): 213.

Lemos-Espinal, J.A.; Smith, H.M.; Ballinger, R.E.; Smith, G.R.; Chiszar, D. 1997. A herpetological collection from northern Chihuahua, Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 32(9): 198-201.

Liner, E.A. 1964. Notes on four small herpetological collections from Mexico. I. Introduction, turtles and snakes. Southwestern Naturalist 8: 221-227.

Mata-Silva, V.; Dilks, S.; Johnson, J.D. 2010. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus (Rock Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 41(2): 235-236.

Mata-Silva, V.; Johnson, J.D.; Wilson, L.D. 2014. Natural history notes: Hypsiglena jani (Chihuahuan Nightsnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 45(2): 338.

McAllister, C.T.; Tabor, S.P. 1985. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata jani (Texas Night Snake). Herpetological Review 16(4): 115-116.

McKinney, J.; Etheredge, D. 2001. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata jani (Texas Night Snake). Herpetological Review 32(1): 60.

Myers, E.A.; Soley-Guardia, M. 2015. Natural history notes: Hypsiglena jani (Texas Nightsnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 46(2): 274.

Prince, A.H. 1987. Life history notes: Hypsiglena torquata jani (Texas Night Snake). Behavior. Herpetological Review 18(1): 16.

Reyes-Velasco, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Jones, J.M.; Price, M.S.; Fisher, J.T. 2012. New distributional records for the herpetofauna of Mexico. Herpetological Review 43(3): 451-453.

Roelke, C.E.; Wostl, E.; Wostl, R.; Fontenot, M.L.; Roelke, W.T. 2014. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena jani (Chihuahuan Nightsnake). Herpetological Review 45(3): 465.

Rundquist, E.M. 2002. Natural history of the Night Snake, Hypsiglena torquata, in Kansas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 4: 16-20.

Stuart, J.N. 1988. Life history notes: Hypsiglena torquata jani (Texas Night Snake). Behavior. Herpetological Review 19(4): 84-85.

Taylor, N.C.; Graham, S.P. 2015. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena jani (Chihuahuan Nightsnake). Herpetological Review 46(4): 573.

Walkup, D.K.; Adams, C.S.; Ryberg, W.A.; Hibbitts, T.J. 2018. Natural history notes: Holbrookia lacerata (Spot-tailed Earless Lizard). Predation. Herpetological Review 49(4): 742-743.

Werler, J.E. 1951. Miscellaneous notes on the eggs and young of Texan and Mexican reptiles. Zoologica (New York) 36: 37-48.

Yancey, F.D. 1997. Natural history notes: Hypsiglena torquata jani (Texas Night Snake). Maximum size. Herpetological Review 28(4): 205.

Zephirin, G. 2017. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena jani texana (Texas Nightsnake). Herpetological Review 48(4): 814.

Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha

Chrapliwy, P.S.; Fugler, C.M. 1955. Amphibians and reptiles collected in Mexico in the summer of 1953. Herpetologica 11: 121-128.

Cowles, R.B. 1941. Evidence of venom in Hypsighna ochrorhynchus. Copeia 1941: 4-6.

Denburgh, J. van 1906. On the occurrence of the spotted night snake, Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, in Central California, and on the shape of the pupil in the reptilian genus Arizona. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Ser. 3) 4: 65-67.

Dixon, J.R. 1965. A taxonomic re-evaluation of the night snake Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha and relatives. Southwestern Naturalist 10: 125-131.

Fitch, H.S. 1939. Leptodeira in northern California. Herpetologica 1939(1): 152-153.

Fouquette, M.J.; Rossman, D.A. 1963. Noteworthy records of Mexican amphibians and reptiles in the Florida State Museum and the Texas Natural History Collection. Herpetologica 19: 185-201.

Frost, D.R.; Collins, J.T. 1988. Nomenclatural notes on reptiles of the United States. Herpetological Review 19(4): 73-74.

Goodman, J.D. 1953. Further evidence of the venomous nature of the saliva of Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha. Herpetologica 9: 174-176.

Grismer, L.L. 1989. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata klauberi (San Diego Night Snake). Herpetological Review 20(3): 75.

Hanley, G.H. 1942. Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha from Kern County, California. Copeia 1942: 260.

Hensley, M.M. 1950. Results of a herpetological reconnaissance in extreme southwestern Arizona and adjacent Sonora, with a description of a new subspecies of the Sonoran whipsnake, Masticophis bilineatus. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 53: 270-288.

Hibbard, C.W. 1937. Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus in Kansas and additional notes on Leptotyphlops dulcis. Copeia 1937: 74.

Kahns, W.A. 1961. A new food item for Hypsiglena torquata nuchalata Tanner. Journal Ohio Herpetological Society 3(2): 16.

Klauber, L.M. 1938. Notes from a herpetological diary. I. Copeia 1938: 191-197.

Kuhns, A.W. 1961. Three new herpetological records from northeastern Ohio. Journal Ohio Herpetological Society 3(2): 16.

Kuntz, R.E. 1940. Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus in Oklahoma. Copeia 1940(2): 136.

Lewis, T.H. 1946. Notes on reptiles from the state of Washington. Copeia 1946(3): 165-159.

Liner, E.A. 1964. Notes on four small herpetological collections from Mexico. I. Introduction, turtles and snakes. Southwestern Naturalist 8: 221-227.

Mahrdt, C.R.; Ayers, B.M. 2018. Natural history notes: Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha (Coast Nightsnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 49(3): 548-549.

Mitchell, J.C. 1985. Life history notes: Hypsiglena torquata ochrorhyncha (Spotted Night Snake). Behavior. Herpetological Review 16(2): 54, 56.

Pequegnat, W.E. 1951. The biota of the Santa Ana Mountains. Journal Ent. Zool. 42: 1-84.

Powers, A.; Banta, B.H. 1973. Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha ochrorhyncha (Cope) recorded from Cerralvo Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 9(4): 112-114.

Rothschild, J.A. 1963. Notes on a captive Hypsiglena torquata klauberi. Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 10(4) [1962]: 6.

Smith, H.M.; Lemos-Espinal, J.A.; Chiszar, D. 2005. 2004 snakes from Sonora, Chihuahua and Coahuila, Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 40(4): 66-70.

Smith, P.W.; Hensley, M.M. 1959. Notes on a small collection of amphibians and reptiles from the vicinity of the Pinacate lava cap in north-western Sonora, Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 61: 64-76.

Strecker, J.K. 1928. Occurrence of the spotted night snake Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus Cope in Central Texas, with other Bosque County herpetological notes. Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus. Waco Tex. 15: 1-6.

Tanner, W.W.; Banta, B.H. 1962. Description of a new Hypsiglena from San Martin Island, Mexico, with a resumé of the reptile fauna of the island. Herpetologica 18: 21-25.

Zweifel, R.G. 1958. Results of the Puritan American Museum of Natural History Expedition to western Mexico. 2. Notes on reptiles and amphibians from the Pacific coastal islands of Baja California. American Museum Novitates 1895: 1-17.

Zweifel, R.G.; Norris, K.S. 1955. Contribution to the herpetology of Sonora, Mexico: descriptions of new subspecies of snakes (Micruroides euryxanthus and Lampropeltis getulus) and miscellaneous collecting notes. American Midland Naturalist 54: 230-249.

Hypsiglena slevini

Castro-Franco, R.; Torre, G.G. de la 1990. Reptiles de la Isla La Pena, Nayarit, Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Serie Zoologia 61(1): 175-187.

Grismer, L.L. 1996. Geographic distribution: Eridiphas slevini slevini (Slevin's Night Snake). Herpetological Review 27(1): 33-34.

Hunt, L.E.; Ottley, J.R. 1982. Reproduction and feeding in Eridiphas slevini (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetological Review 13(1): 8-9.

Leviton, A.E.; Tanner, W.W. 1960. The generic allocation of Hypsiglena slevini Tanner (Serpentes: Colubridae). Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 27: 1-7.

Mellink, E. 1996. Geographic distribution: Eridiphas slevini (Baja California Night Snake). Herpetological Review 27(2): 88.

Mulcahy, D.G.; Archibald, M.A. 2003. Geographic variation in the Baja California Nightsnake (Eridiphas slevini), with comments on taxonomy and diet. Journal of Herpetology 37(3): 566-571.

Murray, S.; Jackson, J.D.; Dugan, E.A. 2015. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena slevini (Slevin's Nightsnake). Herpetological Review 46(1): 62.

Ottley, J.R.; Tanner, W.W. 1978. New range and a new subspecies for the snake Eridiphas slevini. Great Basin Naturalist 38(4): 406-410.

Reynoso, F. 1990. Geographic distribution: Eridiphas slevini slevini (Baja California Night Snake). Herpetological Review 21(1): 23.

Seib, R.L. 1979. Geographic distribution: Eridiphas slevini. Mexico: Baja California del Sur: Isla Danzante. Herpetological Review 10(2): 60.

Seib, R.L. 1979. Geographic distribution: Eridiphas slevini. Mexico: Baja California Sur. Herpetological Review 10(1): 24.

Soulé, M. 1961. Eridiphas slevini (Tanner) on Cerralvo Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Herpetologica 17(1): 61.

Youmans, T.M.; Escobar, R.; Grismer, J.L. 2002. Geographic distribution: Eridiphas slevini slevini (Slevin's Night Snake). Herpetological Review 33(4): 324.

Hypsiglena tanzeri

Dixon, J.R.; Lieb, C.S. 1972. A new night snake from Mexico (Serpentes: Colubridae). Contributions in Science (Los Angeles) 222: 1-7.

Flores-Hernández, M.A.; Fernández-Badillo, L.; Hernández-González, A.I. 2017. Distribution notes: Hypsiglena tanzeri Dixon and Lieb, 1972. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(4): 962-963.

Morales-Capellán, N.; Fernández-Badillo, L.; López-Mejía, A.; Sánchez-Martínez, G.; Goyenechea, I. 2016. Miscellaneous notes: Confirmation of the night snake Hypsiglena tanzeri in Hidalgo, Mexico, and a new record for Reserva de la Biósfera de la Barranca de Metztitlán. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(4): 1097-1100.

Rautsaw, R.M.; Holding, M.L.; Strickland, J.L.; Castañeda-Gaytán, J.J.; García González, F.C.; Castañeda-Gaytán, J.G.; Borja Jiménez, J.M.; Parkinson, C.L. 2018. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena tanzeri (Tanzer's Night Snake). Herpetological Review 49(2): 287.

Hypsiglena torquata

Brennan, T.C. 2004. Hypsiglena torquata (Nightsnake) diet. Sonoran Herpetologist 17(3): 30.

Clark, D.R.; Lieb, C.S. 1973. Notes on reproduction in the night snake (Hypsiglena torquata). Southwestern Naturalist 18(2): 248-252.

Davis, W.B.; Dixon, J.R. 1957. Notes on Mexican snakes (Ophidia). Southwestern Naturalist 2(1): 19-27.

Dornburg, A.; Vander Ploeg, S.E. 2006. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata (Nightsnake). Herpetological Review 37(4): 498.

Enderson, E.F. 2001. Predation and method of ingestion by a desert Nightsnake (Hypsiglena torquata) on a Great Plains toad (Bufo cognatus). Sonoran Herpetologist 14(2): 14-15.

Fox, D. 2006. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata (Nightsnake). Herpetological Review 37(3): 362-363.

Gienger, C.M.; Kuhn, K.M.; Tracy, C.R. 2006. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata (Nightsnake). Herpetological Review 37(4): 497.

Goldberg, S.R. 2001. Reproduction in the Night Snake, Hypsiglena torquata (Serpentes: Colubridae), from Arizona. Texas Journal of Science 53(2): 107-114.

Grismer, L.L. 2001. An evolutionary classification and checklist of amphibians and reptiles on the Pacific islands of Baja California, Mexico. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 100(1): 12-23.

Grismer, L.L.; McGuire, J.A.; Hollingsworth, B.D. 1994. A report on the herpetofauna of the Vizcaino Peninsula, Baja California, Mexico, with a discussion of its biogeographic and taxonomic implications. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 93(2): 45-80.

Hensley, M.M.; Lannom, J.R. 1966. Noteworthy snake records for the Mexican states of Colima, Jalisco, and Nayarit. Herpetologica 22: 231-235.

Hibbitts, T. 1992. Life history notes: Hypsiglena torquata (Night Snake). Predation. Herpetological Review 23(4): 120.

Hibbitts, T.; Wilds, A.R.; Painter, C.W. 1999. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata (Night Snake). Herpetological Review 30(4): 235.

Hill, R.E.; Mackessy, S.P. 1997. Venom yields from several species of colubrid snakes and differential effects of ketamine. Toxicon 35(5): 671-678.

Livo, L.J. 1988. Distributional records of amphibians and reptiles from Colorado. Herpetological Review 19(3): 61.

McAfee, A.; Gilardi, J. 2000. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata (Night Snake). Mexico: Baja California Norte. Herpetological Review 31(1): 55.

Meik, J.M.; Smith, E.N.; Mendoza-Hernandez, A.A. 2007. Rediscovery of the rare Coralsnake Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus (Serpentes: Elapidae). Herpetological Review 38(3): 293-294.

Mulcahy, D.G. 2008. Phylogeography and species boundaries of the western North American Nightsnake (Hypsiglena torquata): revisiting the subspecies concept. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46(3): 1095-1115.

Mulcahy, D.G.; Setser, K. 2002. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata. (Night Snake). Herpetological Review 33(1): 67-68.

Parker, B. 2005. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata (Nightsnake). Herpetological Review 36(1): 82.

Persons, T.B.; Nowak, E.M. 2005. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata (Nightsnake). Herpetological Review 36(1): 82.

Rodriguez-Robles, J.A.; Mulcahy, D.G.; Greene, H.W. 1999. Feeding ecology of the desert nightsnake, Hypsiglena torquata (Colubridae). Copeia 1999(1): 93-100.

Santos-Bibiano, R.; Villanueva-Castro, A.; Palacios-Aguilar, R.; Beltrán-Sánchez, E. 2017. Miscellaneous notes: Hypsiglena torquata (Günther, 1860). Geographic distribution and diet. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(2): 501-502.

Setser, K.; Goode, M. 2004. Natural history notes: Hypsiglena torquata (Night Snake). Diet. Herpetological Review 35(2): 177.

Smits, A.W. 1981. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata. Herpetological Review 12(1): 14.

Tanner, W.W. 1997. Type locality restriction of Hypsiglena torquata Gunther. Great Basin Naturalist 57(1): 79-82.

Weaver, R.E. 2004. Geographic distribution: Hypsiglena torquata (Nightsnake). Herpetological Review 35(4): 411.

Hypsiglena unaocularis

Mulcahy, D.G.; Martínez-Gómez, J.E.; Aguirre-León, G.; Cervantes-Pasqualli, J.A.; Zug, G.R. 2014. Rediscovery of an endemic vertebrate from the remote Islas Revillagigedo in the eastern Pacific Ocean: the Clarion Nightsnake lost and found. PLoS ONE 9(5): e97682.