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Taxonomy of the genus Crotalus Biodiversity of the family Viperidae

Bibliography of the genus
Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)

(Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Crotalus in general

Anonymous. 1966. Rattlesnake 'firsts' at Staten Island Zoo. Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 14: 16.

Anonymous. 1978. Woodrats may help victims of rattlesnake bites. Southwestern Veterinarian 31(2): 138.

Aldridge, R.D.; Duvall, D. 2002. Evolution of the mating season in the pitvipers of North America. Herpetological Monographs 16: 1-25.

Alvey, F.H. 1978. Rattlesnakes: their right to survival. Conservationist (Albany) 32(6): 34-36.

Amaral, A. do 1929. Key to the rattlesnakes of the genus Crotalus Linne, 1758. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 3: 4-6.

Amaral, A. do 1929. Phylogenia das cascaveis (genus Crotalus). An. Soc. cient. argent. Buenos Aires 107(5): 369-373.

Amaral, A. do 1929. Studies of Nearctic Ophidia. VI. Phylogeny of the rattlesnakes. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 3: 6-8.

Appleby, L.G. 1981. Rattlesnakes. Wildlife (London) 23(1): 42-44.

Arment, C. 2008. Boss Snakes: Stories and Sightings of Giant Snakes in North America. Coachwhip Publications, Landisville, Pennsylvania. 389 pp.

Armstrong, B.L.; Murphy, J.B. 1979. The natural history of Mexican rattlesnakes. University of Kansas Publications of the Museum of Natural History 5: 1-88.

Arno, S.F. 1969. Interpreting the rattlesnake. National Parks and Conservation Magazine 43(267): 15-17.

Ayon, R.E.; Putman, B.J.; Clark, R.W. 2017. Recent encounters with rattlesnakes enhance ground squirrel responsiveness to predator cues. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 71(10): 149

Babcock, H.L. 1928. Notes on the treatment of rattlesnake bites during colonial times in Massachusetts. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 2(3): 77-78.

Banta, B.H. 1974. A pre-columbian record of cannibalism in the rattlesnake. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 10(2): 56.

Barton, S.L. 1997. Hitting the rattlesnake jackpot. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 32(12): 245-250.

Baxter, G. 1977. Rattlesnake fact and fiction. Wyoming Wildlife 41(6): 12-13, 15.

Beaupre, S.J.; Duvall, D.J. 1998. Integrative biology of rattlesnakes. Contributions to biology and evolution. Bioscience 48(7): 531-538.

Beck, D.D. 1995. Ecology and energetics of three sympatric rattlesnake species in the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Herpetology 29(2): 211-223.

Beck, D.D. 1996. Effects of feeding on body temperatures of rattlesnakes: a field experiment. Physiological Zoology 69(6): 1442-1455.

Belluomini, H.E.; Saliba, A.M.; Abe, A.S. 1978. Inquerito anatomo-patologico em serpentes dos generos Crotalus e Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae). Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 40-41 [1976-1977]: 123-128.

Berry, K.H.; Shields, T.; Jacobson, E.R. 2016. Natural history notes: Gopherus agassizii (Mohave Desert Tortoise). Probable rattlesnake envenomation. Herpetological Review 47(4): 652-653.

Best, T.L.; James, H.C. 1984. Rattlesnakes (genus Crotalus) of the Pedro Armendariz lava field, New Mexico. Copeia 1984(1): 213-215.

Blum, H.F.; Spealman, C.R. 1933. Note on the killing of rattlesnakes by sunlight. Copeia 1933: 151.

Bogert, C.M. 1933. Notes on the snake dance of the Hopi indians. Copeia 1933: 219-221.

Bogert, C.M. 1941. Sensory cues used by rattlesnakes in their recognition of ophidian enemies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 41(5): 331-343.

Brusch, G.A.; DeNardo, D.F. 2017. When less means more: dehydration improves innate immunity in rattlesnakes. Journal of Experimental Biology 220(12): 2287-2295

Bryson, R.W.; Murphy, R.W.; Graham, M.R.; Lathrop, A.; Lazcano, D. 2011. Ephemeral Pleistocene woodlands connect the dots for highland rattlesnakes of the Crotalus intermedius group. Journal of Biogeography 38(12): 2299-2310.

Bryson, R.W.; Murphy, R.W.; Lathrop, A.; Lazcano-Villareal, D. 2011. Evolutionary drivers of phylogeographical diversity in the highlands of Mexico: a case study of the Crotalus triseriatus species group of montane rattlesnakes. Journal of Biogeography 38(4): 697-710.

Bullock, R.E. 1971. Cannibalism in captive rattlesnakes. Great Basin Naturalist 31: 49-50.

Bushar, L.M.; Maliga, M.; Reinert, H.K. 2001. Cross-species amplification of Crotalus horridus microsatellites and their application in phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Herpetology 35(3): 532-537.

Calmonte, A. 1975. Ein Wirbelwind im Zimmerterrarium ist der Halsbandleguan. Aquarium Aqua Terra 9(78): 554-555.

Campbell, H.W. 1950. Rattlesnakes tangled in wire. Herpetologica 6(2): 44.

Campbell, J.A. 1982. A confusing specimen of rattlesnake from Cerro Tancitaro, Michoacan, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 27(3): 353.

Campbell, J.A.; Formanowicz, D.R.; Brodie, E.D. 1989. Potential impact of rattlesnake roundups on natural populations. Texas Journal of Science 41(3): 301-317.

Caras, R.A. 1978. Dangerous to man: the definitive story of wildlife's reputed dangers. Barrie & Jenkins, London. 327 pp.

Chapman, G. 1982. Reptiles, conservation or abuse. Herptile 7(3): 8-10.

Chiszar, D. 1978. Experiments on predatory behaviour of rattlesnakes. Aazpa (American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums) Annual Proceedings 1978: 28-43.

Chiszar, D.; Nelson, P.; Smith, H.M. 1988. Analysis of the behavioral sequence emitted by rattlesnakes during feeding episodes 3. Strike-induced chemosensory searching and location of rodent carcasses. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 24(4): 99-108.

Chiszar, D.; O'Connell, B.; Greenlee, R.; Demeter, B.; Walsh, T.; Chiszar, J.; Moran, K.; Smith, H.M. 1985. Duration of strike-induced chemosensory searching in long-term captive rattlesnakes at National Zoo, Audubon Zoo, and San Diego Zoo. Zoo Biology 4(3): 291-294.

Chiszar, D.; Radcliffe, C.W.; Byers, T.; Stoops, R. 1986. Prey capture behavior in nine species of venomous snakes. Psychological Record 36(4): 433-438.

Chiszar, D.; Radcliffe, C.W.; Smith, H.M. 1978. Chemosensory searching for wounded prey by rattlesnakes is released by striking: a replication report. Herpetological Review 9(2): 54-56.

Chiszar, D.; Radcliffe, C.W.; Smith, H.M.; Langer, P. 1991. Strike-induced chemosensory searching: do rattlesnakes make one decision or two? Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 27(2): 90-94.

Chiszar, D.; Radcliffe, W.; Smith, H.W.; Bashinski, H. 1981. Effect of prolonged food deprivation on response to prey odors by rattlesnakes. Herpetologica 37(4): 237-243.

Chiszar, D.; Scudder, K.M.; Smith, H.M. 1979. Chemosensory investigation of fish mucus odor by rattlesnakes. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 15(2): 31-36.

Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M.; Bogert, C.M.; Vidaurri, J. 1991. A chemical sense of self in timber and Prairie Rattlesnakes. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 29(2): 153-154.

Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M.; Glenn, J.L.; Straight, R.C. 1981. Strike-induced chemosensory searching in venomoid pit vipers at Hogle Zoo. Zoo Biology 10(2): 111-117.

Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M.; Hoge, A.R. 1983. Post-strike trailing behavior in rattlesnakes. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 46 [1982]: 195-206.

Chiszar, D.; Taylor, S.V.; Radcliffe, C.W.; Smith, H.M.; O'Connell, B. 1981. Effects of chemical and visual stimuli upon chemosensory searching by garter snakes and rattlesnakes. Journal of Herpetology 15(4): 415-424.

Chiszar, D.; Wellborn, S.; Wand, M.A.; Scudder, K.M.; Smith, H.M. 1980. Investigatory behavior in snakes, 2: cage cleaning and the defecation in snakes. Animal Learning and Behavior 8(3): 505-510.

Clucas, B.; Rowe, M.P.; Owings, D.H.; Arrowood, P.C. 2008. Snake scent application in ground squirrels, Spermophilus spp.: a novel form of antipredator behaviour? Animal Behaviour 75(1): 299-307.

Cochran, P.A. 1986. Opportunistic scavenging by a garter snake in Colorado. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 21(3-4): 94-95.

Conant, R. 1934. Two rattlesnakes killed by a cottonmouth. Science (New York) 80(2078): 382.

Cook, P.M.; Rowe, M.P.; Devender, R.W. van 1994. Allometric scaling and interspecific differences in the rattling sounds of rattlesnakes. Herpetologica 50(3): 358-368.

Cowles, R.B. 1938. Unusual defence posture assumed by rattlesnakes. Copeia 1938: 13-16.

Cowles, R.B.; Phelan, R.L. 1958. Olfaction in rattlesnakes. Copeia 1958: 77-83.

Cox, W.C. 1928. First aid treatment in cases of poisoning due to rattlesnake bite. The Military Surgeon 61 July: 53-55.

Crimmins, M.L. 1931. Rattlesnakes and their enemies in the Southwest. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 5: 46-47.

Cunha, O.R. da; Nascimento, F.P. do 1982. Ofidios da Amazonia. 14. As especies de Micrurus, Lachesis e Crotalus do sul do Para e oeste do Maranhao, incluindo area de cerrado deste estado (Ophidia: Elapidae e Viperidae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Nova Serie Zoologia 112: 1-58.

Cunningham, J.D. 1966. Field observations on the thermal relations of rattlesnakes. Southwestern Naturalist 11: 140-142.

Curran, C.H. 1935. Rattlesnakes. Nat. Hist. N.Y. 36(4): 331-340.

Dobie, J.F. 1982. Rattlesnakes. University of Texas Press, Austin. 207 pp.

Douglas, M.E.; Douglas, M.R.; Schuett, G.W.; Porras, L.W. 2006. Evolution of rattlesnakes (Viperidae; Crotalus) in the warm deserts of western North America shaped by Neogene vicariance and Quaternary climate change. Molecular Ecology 15(11): 3353-3374.

Dreslik, M.J.; Hayes, W.K.; Beaupre, S.J.; Mackessy, S.P. 2017. The Biology of Rattlesnakes II. Ecouniverse Herpetological Publishing. 264 pp.

Duellmeijer, P.; Povel, G.D.E. 1972. The construction for feeding in rattlesnakes. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 47(46): 561-578.

Dullemeijer, P. 1961. Some remarks on the feeding behaviour of rattlesnakes. Proceedings Acad. Wet. Amst. 64C: 383-396.

Duvall, D.; Gutzwiller, K.; King, M. 1985. Reconstructing the rattlesnake. BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) Wildlife 3(2): 80-82.

Duvall, D.; Scudder, K.M.; Chiszar, D. 1980. Rattlesnake predatory behaviour: mediation of prey discrimination and release of swallowing by cues arising from envenomated mice. Animal Behaviour 28(3): 674-683.

Elauber, L.M. 1927. Some observations on the rattlesnakes of the extreme southwest. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 1: 7-21.

Ernst, C.H.; Ernst, E.M. 2012. Venomous reptiles of the United States, Canada, and northern Mexico. Volume 2: Crotalus. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 424 pp.

Ethan, E. 1995. Rattlesnakes. Gareth Stevens Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 24 pp.

Fenton, M.B.; Licht, L.E. 1990. Why rattle snake? Journal of Herpetology 24(3): 274-279.

Fernandez, P.; Gutierrez, J.M. 2008. Mortality due to snakebite envenomation in Costa Rica (1993-2006). Toxicon 52(3): 530-533.

Garcia da Langlada, F. 1975. Ciclo sexual bienal em serpentes do genero Crotalus. Ciencia Cult., S. Paulo 23 (Suppl.): 284-285.

Garman, S. 1888. The rattle of the rattlesnake. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 13: 259-268.

Garman, S. 1889. On the evolution of the rattlesnake. Proceedings Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 24: 170-182.

Garman, S. 1892. The reptilian rattle. Science 20: 16-17.

Gerholdt, J.E. 1996. Diamondback Rattlesnakes. Abdo & Daughters, Minneapolis, Minneapolis. 24 pp.

Gloyd, H.K. 1940. The rattlesnakes, genera Sistrurus and Crotalus. A study in zoogeography and evolution. Chicago Acad. Sci. Spec. Publ. no. 4. 266 pp.

Gloyd, H.K. 1946. Some rattlesnake dens of South Dakota. Chicago Naturalist 9(4): 87-97.

Gómez, L.; Larsen, K.W.; Gregory, P.T. 2015. Contrasting patterns of migration and habitat use in neighboring rattlesnake populations. Journal of Herpetology 49(3): 371-376.

Goncalves, M.F. 1971. Determinacao da epoca de fecundidade em femeas do genero Crotalus. Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 54: 281-282.

Greene, H.W. 1990. A sound defense of the rattlesnake. Pacific Discovery 43(4): 10-19.

Gutzke, W.H.N.; Tucker, C.; Mason, R.T. 1993. Chemical recognition of kingsnakes by crotalines: effects of size on the ophiophage defensive response. Brain Behavior and Evolution 41(3-5): 234-238.

Hall, E.R. 1929. A "den" of rattlesnakes in eastern Nevada. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 3: 79-80.

Hamilton, B.T.; Nowak, E.M. 2009. Relationships between insolation and rattlesnake hibernacula. Western North American Naturalist 69(3): 319-328.

Harris, H.S.; Simmons, R.S. 1972. An April birth record for Crotalus lepidus with a summary of annual broods in rattlesnakes. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 8(2): 54-56.

Harris, H.S.; Simmons, R.S. 1972. Keys to the neotropical species and subspecies of the Crotalus durrissus group. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 8(2): 33-40.

Harris, H.S.; Simmons, R.S. 1977. A preliminary account of insular rattlesnake populations, with special reference to those occurring in the Gulf of California and off the Pacific coast. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 13(2): 92-110.

Harris, H.S.; Simmons, R.S. 1978. A preliminary account of the rattlesnakes with the descriptions of four new subspecies. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 14(3): 105-211.

Harwig, S.H. 1966. Rattlesnakes are where and when you find them. Journal Ohio Herpetological Society 5: 163.

Hayes, W.K.; Beaman, K.R.; Cardwell, M.D.; Bush, S.P. 2008. The biology of rattlesnakes. Loma Linda University Press, Loma Linda, California. 606 pp.

Hayes, W.K.; Corbit, A.G.; Cardwell, M.D.; Herbert, S.S. 2017. Interfang distances of rattlesnakes: Sexual, interspecific, and body size-related variation, and implications for snakebite research and management. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 28(2): 101-107

Hennessy, D.F.; Owings, D.H. 1988. Rattlesnakes create a context for localizing their search for potential prey. Ethology 77(4): 317-329.

Holden, E.S. 1893. The suicide of rattlesnakes. Nature 48: 342.

Hopkins, B.T. 1924. Rattlesnake bite in cow. Veterin. Med. Chicago 19: 653.

Hoser, R.T. 2012. A reclassification of the rattlesnakes; species formerly exclusively referred to the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus and a division of the elapid genus Micrurus. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 11: 2-24.

Howard, W.E. 1983. Rattlesnakes. pp. F13-F19. In: Timm, R.M. (ed.). Prevention and control of wildlife damage. Great Plains Agricultural Council Wildlife Resources Committee & Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service Institute of Agricultural & Natural Resources, Lincoln, Nebraska. 680 pp.

Hubbs, B.; O'Connor, B. 2009. A guide to the rattlesnakes of the United States. Tricolor Books, Tempe. 89 pp.

Humphrey, R.R. 1936. Notes on altitudinal distribution of rattlesnakes. Ecology 17(2): 328-329.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1955. Direction 30. Determination of the gender to be attributed to the names of fifty-seven genera of fishes, cyclostomes, reptiles and amphibia placed on the "Official List of Generic Names in Zoology" in the period up to the end of 1936. Opinions of the International Committee on Zoological Nomenclature 1C: 287-298.

Kardong, K.V. 1980. Gopher snakes and rattlesnakes: presumptive Batesian mimicry. Northwest Science 54(1): 1-4.

Kardong, K.V. 1986. The predatory strike of the rattlesnake: when things go amiss. Copeia 1986(3): 816-820.

Kardong, K.V. 1992. Proximate factors affecting guidance of the rattlesnake strike. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 122(2): 233-244.

Kardong, K.V. 1996. Evolution of aging: theoretical and practical implications from rattlesnakes. Zoo Biology 15(3): 267-277.

Kardong, K.V.; Mackessy, S.P. 1991. The strike behavior of a congenitally blind rattlesnake. Journal of Herpetology 25(2): 208-211.

Kardong, K.V.; Smith, T.L. 2002. Proximate factors involved in rattlesnake predatory behavior: a review. pp. 253-266. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp.

Kauffeld, C.F. 1942. Don't tread on me. Fauna (Philadelphia) 4: 79-90.

Kauffeld, C.F. 1963. Rattlesnakes (notes). Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 10(4) [1962]: 18-19.

Kemnitzer, J.W. 2006. Rattlesnake Adventures - Hunting with the Oldtimers. Krieger, Malabar, Florida. 224 pp.

Kemnitzer, J.W. 2011. Rattlesnake Adventures: North, South, East and West. Serpent's Tale, Lanesboro, Minnesota. 184 pp.

Kinney, C.; Abishahin, G.; Young, B.A. 1998. Hissing in rattlesnakes: redundant signaling or inflationary epiphenomenon?. Journal of Experimental Zoology 280(2): 107-113.

Klauber, L.M. 1936. A key to the rattlesnakes with summary of characteristics. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 8: 185-276.

Klauber, L.M. 1936. A statistical study of the rattlesnakes. Occasional Papers San Diego Society of Natural History 1: 1-24.

Klauber, L.M. 1937. A statistical study of rattlesnakes. IV. The growth of the rattlesnake. Occ. Pap. San Diego Nat. Hist. Soc. 3: 1-56.

Klauber, L.M. 1938. A statistical study of the rattlesnakes. V. Head dimensions. Occasional Papers San Diego Society of Natural History 4: 1-53.

Klauber, L.M. 1939. A statistical study of the rattlesnakes. VI. Fangs. Occ. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. San Diego Calif. 5: Unpaginated.

Klauber, L.M. 1940. A statistical study of the rattlesnakes. VII. The rattle. Occ. Pap. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 6: 1-62.

Klauber, L.M. 1944. The correlation of variability within and between rattlesnake populations. Copeia 1943 [1944]: 115-118.

Klauber, L.M. 1948. Earliest printed illustration of rattlesnakes. Isis 39(4): 334-335.

Klauber, L.M. 1949. Some new and revived subspecies of rattlesnakes. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 11(6): 61-116.

Klauber, L.M. 1952. Taxonomic studies of the rattlesnakes of mainland Mexico. Bulletin of the Zoological Society of San Diego 26: 1-143.

Klauber, L.M. 1956. Rattlesnakes. Their habits, life histories and influence on Mankind. Vol. 1-2. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles. Unpaginated.

Klauber, L.M. 1956. Some factors affecting the gravity of rattlesnake bite. pp. 321-322. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Washington, D.C.

Klauber, L.M. 1957. Don't believe these tall tales about rattlesnakes. Pop. Sci. 170(4): 115-117, 242.

Klauber, L.M. 1971. Classification, distribution, and biology of the venomous snakes of northern Mexico, the United States, and Canada: Crotalus and Sistrurus. pp. 115-156. In: Bücherl, W. & Buckley, E.E. (eds.): Venomous animals and their venoms. Vol. 2. Venomous vertebrates (snakes, saurians, batrachians, fishes). Academic Press, New York. 687 pp.

Klauber, L.M. 1972. Rattlesnakes: their habits, life histories, and influence on mankind (2nd rev. ed.). Vol. 1-2. UCLA Press, Los Angeles. 1533 pp.

Klauber, L.M. 1982. Rattlesnakes: their habits, life histories, and influence on mankind. Abridged ed. UCLA Press, Los Angeles.

Klauber, L.M. 1984. Rattlesnakes: Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind. Abridged 2nd ed. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 372 pp.

Klauber, L.M. 1997. Rattlesnakes: their habits, life histories and influence on mankind. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles & London. pp. 741-1533.

Klauber, L.M. 1997. Rattlesnakes: Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind. Vol. 1-2. (Reprint of 2nd ed.). University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 1533 pp.

Knight, A.; Styer, D.; Pelikan, S.; Campbell, J.A.; Densmore, L.D.; Mindell, D.P. 1993. Choosing among hypotheses of rattlesnake phylogeny: a best-fit rate test for DNA sequence data. Systematic Biology 42(3): 356-367.

Konig, C. 1906. Die Rassel der Klapperschlange. Natw. Wochenschr., Jena 21: 49-55.

Konig, C. 1906. Eine Klapperschlangenjagd. IV-V. D. Jagerztg., Neudamm 47: 476-478, 508-509, 524-526, 541-542.

Konig, C. 1906. Warum rasseln die Klapperschlangen? Natur und Haus (Dresden) 14: 326-330.

Lane, F.W. 1954. The rattlesnake: fact and fiction. Country Life 116(3021): 2092-2094.

Langlada, F.G. de 1975. Ciclo sexual bienal de serpentes Crotalus do Brasil - comprovacao. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 36: 67-72.

Langlada, F.G. de; Goncalves, M.F.; Rodrigues, E.T. 1973. Determinacao da epoca de fecundidade em femeas do genero Crotalus. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 37: 253-260.

Lankester, E.R. 1893. The supposed suicide of rattlesnakes. Nature 48: 369.

Larsen, E.L. 1957. Pehr Kalm's account of the North American rattlesnake and the medicines used in the treatment of its sting. American Midland Naturalist 57: 502-511.

Lasky, W.R. 1980. A case of a spitting rattlesnake. Herpetology (Pasadena) 10(3): 14.

Lawler, H.E.; Fulgham, R.L. 1977. Rattlesnake round ups. Defenders 52(6): 360-366.

Lederer, G. 1936. Beobachtungen an Klapperschlangen. Zoologische Garten (Leipzig) 8: 132-136.

Lester, H.M. 1955. A rattlesnake's strike. Animal Kingdom 58: 117-123.

Lewejohann, L.; Wistuba, J. 1997. Guck mal, wer da rasselt - "Gerauschmimikry" bei Schlangen. Reptilia (D) 2(4)(6): 28-29.

Lowe, C.H. 1942. Notes on the mating of desert rattlesnakes. Copeia 1942(4): 261-262.

Lyman, V.L. 1949. Incidence of rattlesnakes in Panama. Herpetologica 5(2): 44.

Macartney, J.M.; Larsen, K.W.; Gregory, P.T. 1989. Body temperatures and movements of hibernating snakes (Crotalus and Thamnophis) and thermal gradients of natural hibernacula. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67(1): 108-114.

Martin del Campo, R. 1937. Reptiles ponzonosos de Mexico. Las viboras de cascabel. Foil. Univ. Nac. Mexico 27: 1-18.

Martin, J.H.; Bagby, R.M. 1972. Temperature-frequency relationship of the rattlesnake rattle. Copeia 1972(3): 482-485.

Masterson, J.R. 1938. Colonial rattlesnake Lore, 1714. Zoologica (New York) 23: 213-217.

Mattison, C. 1996. Rattler! A natural history of rattlesnakes. Blandford, London. 144 pp.

McDonald, M.A. 1996. Rattlesnakes. Capstone Press, Minneapolis. 48 pp.

McKenna, M.G.; Allard, G. 1976. Rattlesuake research. North Dakota Outdoors 38(9): 11-13.

Medden, R.V. 1929. Tales of the rattlesnake: from the works of early travelers in America. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 3: 82-87.

Medden, R.V. 1930. Tales of the rattlesnake from the works of early travelers in America. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 3: 103-112.

Medden, R.V. 1931. Tales of the rattlesnake: from the works of early travelers in America [concluded]. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 4: 106-109, 5: 24-27, 42-46.

Meik, J.M.; Pires-da Silva, A. 2009. Evolutionary morphology of the rattlesnake style. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9(35): 1-9.

Melcer, T.; Chiszar, D. 1989. Striking prey creates a specific chemical search image in rattlesnakes. Animal Behaviour 37(3): 477-486.

Melcer, T.; Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M. 1990. Strike-induced chemical preferences in rattlesnakes: role of chemical cues arising from the diet of prey. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 26(1): 1-4.

Mertens, R. 1942. Die Bedeutung des Rasselns der Klapperschlangen. Natur und Volk 72(7-8): 156-163.

Minton, S.A.; Minto, M.R. 1991. Rattlesnakes and Mexican folk medicine. Herpetological Review 22(4): 116-117.

Moon, B.R. 2001. Muscle physiology and the evolution of the rattling system in rattlesnakes. Journal of Herpetology 35(3): 497-500.

Moore, K. 1972. The devil in the box. A preliminary survey of the Appalachian snake cult. Herp 8(3-4): 16-26.

Munro, D.F. 1947. Effect of a bite by Sistrurus on Crotalus. Herpetologica 4(2): 57.

Murphy, J.B. 2017. Rattlesnakes and zoos. Herpetological Review 48(4): 887-898.

Murphy, J.B. 2018. Aberrant rattlesnakes - snake freak show. Herpetological Review 49(2): 381-385.

Murphy, J.B.; Armstrong, B.L. 1978. Maintenance of rattlesnakes in captivity. University of Kansas Publications of the Museum of Natural History 3: 1-40.

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Nichol, A.A. 1933. On the immunity of rattlesnakes to their venom. Copeia 1933: 211-213.

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Crotalus abyssus

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Crotalus adamanteus

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Timmerman, W.W.; Martin, W.H. 2003. Conservation guide to the Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles), Lawrence, Kansas. 35 pp. (Herpetological Circulars no. 32).

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Waldron, J.L.; Bennett, S.H.; Welch, S.M.; Dorcas, M.E.; Lanham, J.D.; Kalinowsky, W. 2006. Habitat specificity and home-range size as attributes of species vulnerability to extinction: a case study using sympatric rattlesnakes. Animal Conservation 9(4): 414-420.

Waldron, J.L.; Welch, S.M.; Bennett, S.H.; Kalinowsky, W.G.; Mousseau, T.A. 2013. Life history constraints contribute to the vulnerability of a declining North American rattlesnake. Biological Conservation 159: 530-538.

Crotalus angelensis

Gottscho, A.; Murray, S.; Heinz, H.; Lemos-Espinal, J.A. 2014. Natural history notes: Crotalus angelensis (Isla Ángel de la Guarda Rattlesnake). Diet and predation. Herpetological Review 45(3): 514.

Klauber, L.M. 1963. A new insular subspecies of the speckled rattlesnake. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 13: 73-80.

Meik, J.M.; Streicher, J.W.; Lawing, A.M.; Flores-Villela, O.; Fujita, M.K. 2015. Limitations of climatic data for inferring species boundaries: insights from Speckled Rattlesnakes. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0131435.

Crotalus aquilus

Bryson, R.W.; Linkem, C.W.; Dorcas, M.E.; Lathrop, A.; Jones, J.M.; Alvarado-Díaz, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Murphy, R.W. 2014. Multilocus species delimitation in the Crotalus triseriatus species group (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3826(3): 475–496.

Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Gonzalez-Saucedo, Z.Y.; Arenas-Monroy, J.C. 2015. Crotalus aquilus Klauber, 1952 (Squamata: Viperidae), a new state record for Zacatecas, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 31(1): 131-133.

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Goyenechea, I.; Morales-Capellán, N.; Fernández-Badillo, L. 2011. Geographic distribution: Crotalus aquilus (Qureteran Dusky Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 42(4): 571.

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Smith, P.W.; Hensley, M.M. 1959. Notes on a small collection of amphibians and reptiles from the vicinity of the Pinacate lava cap in north-western Sonora, Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 61: 64-76.

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Crotalus basiliscus

Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Bañuelos-Alamillo, J.A.; Rivas-Mercado, E.A.; Quintero-Díaz, G.E.; Domíguez-de la Riva, M.A. 2015. Geographic distribution: Crotalus basiliscus (Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 46(3): 385.

Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Quintero-Díaz, G.E.; Rivas-Mercado, E.A. 2015. Geographic distribution: Crotalus basilicus (Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 46(2): 219.

Davis, W.B.; Dixon, J.R. 1957. Notes on Mexican snakes (Ophidia). Southwestern Naturalist 2(1): 19-27.

Dugan, E.A.; Love, B.; Figueroa, M.G. 2006. Natural history notes: Crotalus basiliscus (Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake). Predation. Herpetological Review 37(2): 231.

Fouquette, M.J.; Rossman, D.A. 1963. Noteworthy records of Mexican amphibians and reptiles in the Florida State Museum and the Texas Natural History Collection. Herpetologica 19: 185-201.

Goldberg, S.R.; Beaman, K.R.; Dugan, E.A. 2005. Notes on reproduction in the Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake, Crotalus basiliscus (Serpentes: Viperidae). Texas Journal of Science 57(2): 197-201.

Lemos-Espinal, J.A.; Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M. 2004. Geographic distribution: Crotalus basiliscus (Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 35(1): 83.

Loc-Barragán, J.A.; Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Woolrich-Piña, G.A.; Navarro-Orozco, R.R. 2016. Nature notes: Crotalus basiliscus. Arboreal habitat use / litter size. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(2): 494-496.

Marey, D. 1945. Birth of a brood of Crotalus basiliscus. Copeia 1945: 169-170.

McCranie, J.R. 1981. Crotalus basiliscus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 283: 1-2.

Perkins, C.B. 1944. Notes of captive-bred snakes. Copeia 1943 [1944]: 108-112.

Sifford, C.A.; Sifford, D.H.; Johnson, B.D. 1996. Acid phosphatase and proteinase activities of selected crotalid venoms. Saas Bulletin Biochemistry and Biotechnology 9: 9-16.

Wiley, G.O. 1930. Notes on the Neotropical rattlesnake (Crotalus terrificus basiliscus) in captivity. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 3: 100-103.

Crotalus caliginis

Grismer, L.L. 2001. An evolutionary classification and checklist of amphibians and reptiles on the Pacific islands of Baja California, Mexico. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 100(1): 12-23.

Crotalus campbelli

Bryson, R.W.; Linkem, C.W.; Dorcas, M.E.; Lathrop, A.; Jones, J.M.; Alvarado-Díaz, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Murphy, R.W. 2014. Multilocus species delimitation in the Crotalus triseriatus species group (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3826(3): 475–496.

Flores-Guerrero, U.S.; Sánchez-González, J.S. 2016. Distribution notes: Crotalus campbelli Bryson Jr, Linkem, Dorcas, Lathrop, Jones, Alvarado-Díaz, Grünwald, and Murphy, 2014. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(2): 524-525.

Crotalus catalinensis

Anonymous. 1988. Erstmals in Europa nachgezogen: Klapperlose Klapperschlangen. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 41(9): 328.

Anonymous. 1991. Klapperlose Klapperschlange im Exotarium nachgezogen - oder - Gattenmörderin gebar Achtlinge. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 13(73): 18.

Anonymous. 1991. Klapperlose Klapperschlangen nachgezogen. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 44(9): 554.

Avila Villegas, H.; Tejas, A.; Torres, F.; Arnaud, G. 2005. Natural history notes: Crotalus catalinensis (Santa Catalina Island Rattlesnake). Diet and mortality. Herpetological Review 36(3): 323.

Avila Villegas, H.; Venegas Barrera, C.S.; Arnaud, G. 2004. Natural history notes: Crotalus catalinensis (Santa Catalina Island Rattleless Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 35(1): 60.

Avila-Villegas, H. 2006. Natural history notes: Crotalus catalinensis (Santa Catalina Island Rattlesnake). Winter activity. Herpetological Review 37(4): 476.

Avila-Villegas, H. 2008. Natural history notes: Crotalus catalinensis (Santa Catalina Island Rattlesnake). Arboreality. Herpetological Review 39(4): 468.

Avila-Villegas, H.; Martins, M.; Arnaud, G. 2007. Feeding ecology of the endemic rattleless rattlesnake, Crotalus catalinensis, of Santa Catalina Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Copeia 2007(1): 80-84.

Beaman, K.R.; Wong, N. 2001. Crotalus catalinensis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 733: 733.1-733.4.

Goldberg, S.R.; Beaman, K.R. 2003. Natural history notes: Crotalus catalinensis (Santa Catalina Island Rattleless Rattlesnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 34(3): 249-250.

Martins, M.; Arnaud, G.; Ávila-Villegas, H. 2012. Juvenile recruitment, early growth, and morphological variation in the endangered Santa Catalina Island Rattlesnake, Crotalus catalinensis. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 7(3): 376-382.

Martins, M.; Arnaud, G.; Murillo-Quero, R. 2008. Exploring hypotheses about the loss of the rattle in rattlesnakes: how arboreal is the Isla Santa Catalina rattleless rattlesnake, Crotalus catalinensis? South American Journal of Herpetology 3(2): 162-167.

Murphy, R.W.; Crabtree, C.B. 1985. Genetic relationships of the Santa Catalina Island rattleless rattlesnake, Crotalus catalinesis (Serpentes: Viperidae). Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 9: 1-16.

Rabatsky, A.; Laduc, T.J.; Moon, B.R. 2013. Natural history notes: Crotalus catalinensis (Santa Catalina Island Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 44(2): 329-330.

Recchio, I.M.; Lazcano, D. 2010. Natural history notes: Crotalus catalinensis (Santa Catalina Island Rattlesnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 41(4): 500-501.

Shaw, G.E. 1964. A snake easily ruffled but un-rattled. Zoonooz 37(8): 3-7.

Crotalus cerastes

Blomstem, P.; Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Reiserer, R.S. 2016. Fifteen consecutive years of successful reproduction in a captive female Sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes) Herpetological Review 47(1): 69-72.

Boundy, J.; Balgooyen, T.G. 1988. Record lengths for some amphibians and reptiles from the western United States. Herpetological Review 19(2): 26-27.

Bouskila, A. 2001. A habitat selection game of interactions between rodents and their predators. Annales Zoologici Fennici 38(1): 55-70.

Brattstrom, B.H. 1952. Diurnal activities of a nocturnal animal. Herpetologica 8(3): 61-63.

Brown, T.W. 1971. Autecology of the sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes) at Kelso dunes, Mojave desert, California. Dissertation Abstracts 31B: 6336-6337.

Brown, T.W.; Lillywhite, H.B. 1992. Autecology of the Mojave Desert Sidewinder, Crotalus cerastes cerastes, at Kelso Dunes, Mojave Desert, California, USA. pp. 279-308. In: Campbell, J.A. & Brodie, E.D. (eds.). Biology of the pitvipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas. 467 pp.

Cohen, A.C.; Myres, B.C. 1970. A function of the horns (supraocular scales) in the sidewinder rattlesnake, Crotalus cerastes, with comments on other horned snakes. Copeia 1970: 574-575.

Coupe, B.; Dawson, J.E. 2007. Natural history notes: Crotalus cerastes (Sidewinder). Attempted feeding and mortality. Herpetological Review 38(3): 339-340.

Funk, R.S. 1965. Food of Crotalus cerastes laterorepens in Yuma County, Arizona. Herpetologica 21: 15-17.

Goldberg, S.R. 2004. Reproductive cycle of the Sidewinder, Crotalus cerastes (Serpentes: Viperidae), from California. Texas Journal of Science 56(1): 55-62.

Goodman, C.M.; Schraft, H.A.; Clark, R.W. 2017. Natural history notes: Crotalus cerastes (Sidewinder). Diet / Scavenging. Herpetological Review 48(3): 670.

Goodman, R.H.; Stewart, G.R.; Moisi, T.J. 1997. Natural history notes: Crotalus cerastes cerastes (Mojave Desert Sidewinder). Longevity. Herpetological Review 28(2): 89.

Hayes, W.K.; Corbit, A.G.; Cardwell, M.D.; Herbert, S.S. 2017. Interfang distances of rattlesnakes: Sexual, interspecific, and body size-related variation, and implications for snakebite research and management. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 28(2): 101-107

Hensley, M.M. 1950. Results of a herpetological reconnaissance in extreme southwestern Arizona and adjacent Sonora, with a description of a new subspecies of the Sonoran whipsnake, Masticophis bilineatus. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 53: 270-288.

Jayne, B.C. 1986. Kinematics of terrestrial snake locomotion. Copeia 1986(4): 915-927.

Jayne, B.C. 1988. Muscular mechanisms of snake locomotion: an electromyographic study of the sidewinding and concertina modes of Crotalus cerastes, Nerodia fasciata and Elaphe obsoleta. Journal of Experimental Biology 140: 1-33.

Klauber, L.M. 1944. The sidewinder, Crotalus cerastes, with description of a new subspecies. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 10: 91-126.

Lowe, C.H.; Norris, K.N. 1950. Aggressive behavior in male sidewinders, Crotulas cerastes, with a discussion of aggressive behavior and territoriality in snakes. Natural History Miscellanea (Chicago) 66: 1-13.

Lowell, J.A. 1957. A bite by a sidewinder rattlesnake. Herpetologica 13: 135-136.

Lyman, D. 2006. Natural history notes: Crotalus cerastes (Sidewinder). Diet. Herpetological Review 37(4): 476-477.

Mayhew, N.W. 1971. Desert encounter: a roadrunner and sidewinder. Fauna (Rancho Mirage) 1 [1971]: 17-19.

Mertens, R. 1953. Die Wüstenottern und ihre Anpassungen an ihren Lebensraum. Natur und Volk 83(5): 148-56.

Moore, R.G. 1978. Seasonal and daily activity patterns and thermoregulation in the southwestern speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchelli pyrrhus) and the Colorado Desert sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes laterorepens). Copeia 1978(3): 439-442.

Mosauer, W. 1933. Locomotion and diurnal range of Sonora occipitalis, Crotalus cerastes, and Crotalus atrox as seen from their tracks. Copeia 1933: 14-16.

Mulcahy, D.G.; Mendelson, J.R.; Setser, K.; Hollenbeck, E. 2003. Natural history notes: Crotalus cerastes (Sidewinder). Prey/predator weight-ratio. Herpetological Review 34(1): 64.

Neill, W.T. 1951. Notes on the natural history of certain North American snakes. Publ. Res. Div. Ross Allen Rept. Inst. 1(5): Unpaginated.

Powell, R.; Inboden, M.; Smith, D.D. 1990. Erstnachweis von Hybriden zwischen den Klapperschlangen Crotalus cerastes laterorepens Klauber, 1944 und Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Kennicott, 1861). Salamandra 26(4): 319-320.

Pozarowski, K.; Herrmann, H.W. 2009. Effects of fragmentation on rattlesnake populations in a human-dominated landscape. Sonoran Herpetologist 22(6): 66-67.

Randel, C.J.; Clark, H.O. 2007. Mojave Desert Sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes cerastes) behavior. Sonoran Herpetologist 20(9): 96.

Reiserer, R.S. 2002. Stimulus control of caudal luring and other feeding responses: a program for research on visual perception in vipers. pp. 361-383. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp.

Reiserer, R.S.; Schuett, G.W. 2008. Aggressive mimicry in neonates of the Sidewinder rattlesnake, Crotalus cerastes (Serpentes: Viperidae): stimulus control and visual perception of prey. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 95(1): 81-91.

Reiserer, R.S.; Schuett, G.W.; Earley, R.L. 2008. Dynamic aggregations of newborn sibling rattlesnakes exhibit stable thermoregulatory properties. Journal of Zoology (London) 274(3): 277-283.

Repp, R.A. 2017. Udderly creaming all herpetological bull stories: The great Bos taurus transect. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 52(9): 165-167.

Revell, T.K.; Hayes, W.K. 2009. Desert iguanas (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) sleep less when in close proximity to a rattlesnake predator (Crotalus cerastes). Journal of Herpetology 43(1): 29-37.

Riper, W. van 1955. Unwinding the sidewinder. Natural History (New York) 64: 489-491.

Rorabaugh, J.C. 2007. Apparent rain harvesting by a CoLorado desert Sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes laterorepens). Sonoran Herpetologist 20(12): 128-129.

Savage, J.M.; Cliff, F.S. 1953. A new subspecies of sidewinder, Crotalus cerastes, from Arizona. Natural History Miscellanea 119: 1-7.

Secor, S.M. 1992. A preliminary analysis of the movement and home range size of the sidewinder, Crotalus cerastes. pp. 389-393. In: Campbell, J.A. & Brodie, E.D. (eds.). Biology of the pitvipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas. 467 pp.

Secor, S.M. 1994. Ecological significance of movements and activity range for the sidewinder, Crotalus cerastes. Copeia 1994(3): 631-645.

Secor, S.M. 1995. Ecological aspects of foraging mode for the snakes Crotalus cerastes and Masticophis flagellum. Herpetological Monographs 9: 169-186.

Secor, S.M.; Jayne, B.C.; Bennett, A.F. 1992. Locomotor performance and energetic cost of sidewinding by the snake Crotalus cerastes. Journal of Experimental Biology 163: 1-14.

Secor, S.M.; Nagy, K.A. 1994. Bioenergetic correlates of foraging mode for the snakes Crotalus cerastes and Masticophis flagellum. Ecology (Tempe) 75(6): 1600-1614.

Sievert, J. 2002. Beobachtungen bei der Vergesellschaftung von männlichen Crotalus cerastes cerastes Hallowell, 1854 im Terrarium. Sauria (Berlin) 24(3): 45-46.

Sievert, J. 2002. Crotalus cerastes Hallowell. Sauria (Berlin) 24(3): 559-564, (Suppl).

Sievert, J. 2008. Die Seitenwinder-Klapperschlange - Crotalus cerastes. Natur und Tier-Verlag, Münster. 64 pp.

Smith, P.W.; Hensley, M.M. 1959. Notes on a small collection of amphibians and reptiles from the vicinity of the Pinacate lava cap in north-western Sonora, Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 61: 64-76.

Stebbins, R.C. 1944. Diurnal activity of Crotalus cerastes. Copeia 1943 [1944]: 128-129.

Strimple, P. 1993. Crotalus cerastes, the sidewinder. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 13(6): 180-183.

Walde, A.D.; Currylow, A.; Walde, A.M.; Strong, J. 2016. Arboreal behaviours of Crotalus cerastes (Hallowell, 1854) (Squamata, Viperidae). Herpetology Notes 9: 55-58.

Webber, M.M.; Glaudas, X.; Rodríguez-Robles, J.A. 2012. Do Sidewinder Rattlesnakes (Crotalus cerastes, Viperidae) cease feeding during the breeding season. Copeia 2012(1): 100-105.

Webber, M.M.; Jezkova, T.; Rodriguez-Robles, J.A. 2016. Feeding ecology of Sidewinder Rattlesnakes, Crotalus cerastes (Viperidae). Herpetologica 72(4): 324-330.

Crotalus cerberus

Christman, B.L.; Painter, C.W.; Jennings, R.D.; Lamb, A.W. 2000. Geographic distribution: Crotalus viridis cerberus (Arizona Black Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 31(4): 255.

Goldberg, S.R. 2003. Reproduction in the Arizona Black Rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis cerberus (Viperidae). Herpetological Natural History 9(1): 75-78.

Livo, L.J.; Chiszar, D. 1994. Geographic distribution: Crotalus viridis cerberus (Arizona Black Rattlesnake). USA: Colorado: Arapahoe Co. Herpetological Review 25(2): 76.

Loughran, C.L.; Nowak, E.M.; Parker, R.W. 2012. Natural history notes: Crotalus cerberus (Arizona Black Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 43(1): 144-145.

Mello, K. 1978. Geographic distribution: Crotalus viridis cerberus. USA: New Mexico: Grant Co. Herpetological Review 9(1): 22.

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Crotalus concolor

Ashton, K.G. 1999. Shedding aggregations of Crotalus viridis concolor. Herpetological Review 30(4): 211-213.

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Crotalus culminatus

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Crotalus durissus

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Tozetti, A.M.; Martins, M. 2007. A technique for external radio-transmitter attachment and the use of thread-bobbins for studying snake movements. South American Journal of Herpetology 2(3): 184-190.

Tozetti, A.M.; Martins, M. 2008. Habitat use by the South-American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus) in south-eastern Brazil. Journal of Natural History 42(19-20): 1435-1444.

Tozetti, A.M.; Martins, M. 2013. Daily and seasonal activity patterns of free range South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 85(3): 1047-1052.

Tozetti, A.M.; Vettorazzo, V.; Martins, M. 2009. Short-term movements of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) in southeastern Brazil. Herpetological Journal 19(4): 201-206.

Travaglia-Cardoso, S.R.; Parpinelli, A.C. 2006. Crotalus durissus terrificus (rattlesnake): a case of xanthism. Herpetological Bulletin 97: 38-39.

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Trutnau, L. 2002. Bemerkungen zur Verbreitung, Biologie and Taxonomie der Tropischen Klapperschlange Crotalus durissus sowie zur Pflege and Zucht der Unterart C. d. terrificus. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 24(140): 13-24.

Valle, A.L. do; Campos Brites, V.L. de 2012. [Ecology and popular names of Crotalus durissus collilineatus (Amaral, 1926) in anthropomorphic areas of Triangulo e Alto Paranaiba, Minas Gerais]. (In Portuguese). Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias 14(1-3): 71-79.

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Vitt, L.J.; Vangilder, L.D. 1984. Ecology of a snake community in northeastern Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia 4(2-4) [1983]: 273-296.

Vosmaer, A. 2014. Description of a beautifully marked Surinam Rattlesnake; having two long black stripes across the head and the neck as well as experiments done in the Hague on the deadly effects of the poisonous bite of a live transported snake of the species; located, with several others, in the Museum of his most illustrious Highness, the Prince of Orange and Nassau, hereditary Stadhouder, hereditary Governor, hereditary Captain General and Admiral of the United Netherlands, etc. etc. etc. Bibliotheca Herpetologica 11(1): 17-31.

Wang, E. 2002. Natural history notes: Crotalus durissus (Neotropical Rattlesnake). Predation. Herpetological Review 33(2): 138-139.

Wilson, L.D. 1979. New departmental records for reptiles and amphibians from Honduras. Herpetological Review 10(1): 25.

Wüster, W.; Bérnils, R.S. 2011. On the generic classification of the rattlesnakes, with special reference to the neotropical Crotalus durissus complex (Squamata: Viperidae). Zoologia 28(4): 417-419.

Wüster, W.; Ferguson, J.E.; Quijada-Mascarenas, J.A.; Pook, C.E.; Salomao, M. da G.; Thorpe, R.S. 2005. No rattlesnakes in the rainforests: reply to Gosling and Bush. Molecular Ecology 14(11): 3619-3621.

Wüster, W.; Ferguson, J.E.; Quijada-Mascarenas, J.A.; Pook, C.E.; Salomao, M. da G.; Thorpe, R.S. 2005. Tracing an invasion: landbridges, refugia, and the phylogeography of the Neotropical Rattlesnake (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus durissus). Molecular Ecology 14(4): 1095-1108.

Yamanouye, N.; Silveira, P.F.; Abdalla, F.M.F.; Almeida-Santos, S.M.; Breno, M.C.; Salomao, M. da G. 2004. Reproductive cycle of the Neotropical Crotalus durissus terrificus: II. Establishment and maintenance of the uterine muscular twisting, a strategy for long-term sperm storage. General and Comparative Endocrinology 139(2): 151-157.

Zacariotti, R.L.; Grego, K.F.; Fernandes, W.; Sant'Anna, S.S.; Vaz-Guimaraes, M.A. de B. 2007. Semen collection and evaluation in free-ranging Brazilian rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus). Zoo Biology 26(2): 155-160.

Crotalus enyo

Beaman, K.R.; Grismer, L.L. 1994. Crotalus enyo. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 589: 1-6.

Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Arnaud, G.; Martins, M.; Quintero-Díaz, G.E. 2016. Diet of Crotalus enyo (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Baja California Cape region, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 32(1): 45-48.

Chiszar, D.; Radcliffe, C.W.; O'Connell, B.; Smith, H.M. 1980. Strike induced chemosensory searching in rattlesnakes (Crotalus enyo) as a function of disturbance prior to presentation of prey. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 83(4): 230-234.

Chiszar, D.; Radcliffe, C.W.; O'Connell, B.; Smith, H.M. 1982. Analysis of the behavioural sequence emitted by rattlesnakes during feeding episodes 2. Duration of strike-induced chemosensory searching in rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis, C. enyo). Behavioral and Neural Biology 34(3): 261-270.

Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M.; Veer, V.; Radcliffe, C.W.; Smith, R. 1996. The new psychobiology: assessing the competence of captive-raised herps. American Zoo and Aquarium Association Regional Conference Proceedings 1996: 465-469.

García-Padilla, E.; Guerrero-Cardenas, I.; Alvarez-Cardenas, S. 2011. Natural history notes: Coluber (=Masticophis) fuliginosus (Baja California Coachwhip). Diet. Herpetological Review 42(1): 98.

Goldberg, S.R.; Beaman, K.R. 2003. Reproduction in the Baja California rattlesnake, Crotalus enyo (Serpentes: Viperidae). Bulletin Southern California Academy of Sciences 102(1): 39-42.

Grismer, L.L.; Hollingsworth, B.D.; Cryder, M.R.; Wong, H. 1997. Geographic distribution: Crotalus enyo enyo (Baja California Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 28(1): 51.

Grismer, L.L.; McGuire, J.A.; Hollingsworth, B.D. 1994. A report on the herpetofauna of the Vizcaino Peninsula, Baja California, Mexico, with a discussion of its biogeographic and taxonomic implications. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 93(2): 45-80.

Klauber, L.M. 1931. Crotalus tigris and Crotalus enyo, two little-known rattlesnakes of the Southwest. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6: 353-370.

Marmie, W.; Kuhn, S.; Chiszar, D. 1990. Behavior of captive-raised rattlesnakes (Crotalus enyo) as a function of rearing conditions. Zoo Biology 9(3): 241-246.

McGuire, J.A. 1991. Life history notes: Crotalus enyo cerralvensis (Cerralvo Island Rattlesnake). Behavior. Herpetological Review 22(3): 100.

Radcliffe, C.W.; Chiszar, D.; O'Connell, B. 1980. Effects of prey size on poststrike behavior in rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus, C. enyo, and C. viridis). Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 16(6): 449-450.

Reynoso, F. 1990. Geographic distribution: Crotalus enyo enyo (Lower California Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 21(1): 23.

Taylor, E.N. 2001. Diet of the Baja California rattlesnake, Crotalus enyo (Viperidae). Copeia 2001(2): 553-555.

Tryon, B.W. 1977. Reproduction in captive lower California rattlesnakes, Crotalus enyo enyo (Cope). Herpetological Review 8(2): 34-36.

Crotalus ericsmithi

Campbell, J.A.; Flores-Villela, O.A. 2008. A new long-tailed rattlesnake (Viperidae) from Guerrero, Mexico. Herpetologica 64(2): 246-257.

Jadin, R.C.; Reyes-Velasco, J.; Smith, E.N. 2010. Hemipenes of the long-tailed rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae) from Mexico. Phyllomedusa 9(1): 69-73.

Reyes-Velasco, J.; Meik, J.M.; Smith, E.N.; Castoe, T.A. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic longtailed rattlesnakes (Crotalus ericsmithi, C. lannomi, and C. stejnegeri). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69(3): 524-534.

Crotalus estebanensis

Díaz de la Vega-Pérez, A.H.; Jiménez-Arcos, V.H.; Lara-Resendiz, R.A.; Méndez-de la Cruz, F.R.; Rabatsky, A. 2016. Nature notes: Crotalus estebanensis. Activity and thermoregulation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(3): 739-741.

Crotalus helleri

Aldridge, R.D. 2002. The link between mating season and male reproductive anatomy in the rattlesnakes Crotalus viridis oreganus and Crotalus viridis helleri. Journal of Herpetology 36(2): 295-300.

Biardi, J.E.; Chien, D.C.; Coss, R.G. 2006. California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) defenses against rattlesnake venom digestive and hemostatic toxins. Journal of Chemical Ecology 32(1): 137-154.

Davis, M.A.; Douglas, M.R.; Collyer, M.L.; Douglas, M.E. 2016. Deconstructing a species-complex: geometric morphometric and molecular analyses define species in the Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis). PLoS ONE 11(1): e0146166.

Golla, J.M.; Durso, A.M. 2015. Natural history notes: Crotalus oreganus helleri (Southern Pacific Rattlesnake). Diet/scavenging. Herpetological Review 46(4): 641-642.

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Hill, C.A. 1966. Southern Pacific rattlesnake. Zoonooz 39: 19.

Hovey, T.E.; Comrack, L.A. 2011. Natural history notes: Crotalus oreganus helleri (Southern Pacific Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 42(2): 288.

Jones, L.L.C. 1981. Geographic distribution: Crotalus viridis helleri. Herpetological Review 12(2): 65.

LaBonte, J.P.; Welch, K.C.; Suarez, R.K. 2011. Digestive performance in neonatal Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus helleri). Canadian Journal of Zoology 89(8): 705-713.

Mahrdt, C.R.; Banta, B.H. 1997. Natural history notes: Aneides lugubris (Arboreal Salamander). Predation. Herpetological Review 28(2): 81.

Neill, W.T. 1960. The caudal lure of various juvenile snakes. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 23: 173-200.

Ottley, J.R.; Hunt, L.E. 1981. Geographic distribution: Crotalus viridis helleri. Herpetological Review 12(2): 65.

Powers, A. 1972. An instance of cannibalism in captive Crotalus viridis helleri with a brief review of cannibalism in rattlesnakes. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 8(3): 60-61.

Rice, S.; Putman, B.; Schraft, H.; Clark, R. 2016. Natural history notes: Crotalus oreganus helleri (Southern Pacific Rattlesnake). Loss of rattle style and matrix. Herpetological Review 47(4): 679.

Starrett, B.L. 1993. Geographic distribution: Crotalus viridis helleri (Southern Pacific Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 24(3): 109.

Crotalus horridus

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Ahrenfeldt, R.H. 1955. Two British anatomical studies on American reptiles (1650-1750). II. Edward Tyson: comparative anatomy of the timber rattlesnake. Herpetologica 11: 49-69.

Aldridge, R.D.; Brown, W.S. 1995. Male reproductive cycle, age at maturity, and cost of reproduction in the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). Journal of Herpetology 29(3): 399-407.

Allen, D.C.; Robison, H.W. 2006. Geographic distribution: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 37(1): 108.

Allen, E.R. 1949. Range of cane brake rattlesnake in Florida. Copeia 1949(1): 73-74.

Allen, E.R.; Neill, W.T. 1957. The canebrake rattlesnake. Florida Wild Life 1950 [1957]: unpaginated.

Allsteadt, J.; Savitzky, A.H.; Petersen, C.E.; Naik, D.N. 2006. Geographic variation in the morphology of Crotalus horridus (Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetological Monographs 20: 1-63.

Anderson, C.D. 2010. Effects of movement and mating patterns on gene flow among overwintering hibernacula of the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). Copeia 2010(1): 54-61.

Anderson, C.D. 2015. Variation in male movement paths during the mating season exhibited by the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) in St. Louis County, Missouri. Herpetology Notes 8: 267-274.

Anderson, C.D.; Drda, W.J. 2005. Natural history notes: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Behavior. Herpetological Review 36(4): 456-457.

Anderson, C.D.; Rosenberg, M.S. 2011. Variation in association with anthropogenic habitat edges exhibited by the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) in St. Louis County, Missouri. Journal of Herpetology 45(1): 50-55.

Anderson, W.M.; Dorcas, M.E. 2006. Geographic distribution: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 37(4): 497.

Arnold, B. 1963. Albino timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus. Turtox News 41(8): 208.

Atwood, W.H. 1955. The timber rattlesnake in Michigan. Natural History Miscellanea 139: 1.

Baarslag, A.F. 1950. The pilot blacksnake and the timber rattlesnake in Vermont. Copeia 1950: 322-323.

Babcock, H.L. 1929. Food habits of the timber rattlesnake. Bull. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 51: 13-14.

Bagley, A.W. 1971. Variations among rattlesnakes in western Connecticut. Bulletin Conn. herp. Soc. 2: 12-13.

Bailey, R.M. 1942. An intergeneric hybrid rattlesnake. American Naturalist 76(5): 376-385.

Bakkegard, K.A. 2017. Geographic Distribution: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 48(3): 589-590.

Bakkegard, K.A.; Napier, Z.L. 2013. Geographic distribution: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 44(4): 628.

Baldvins, T.D.; Oliver, C.M.; Howze, J.M.; Smith, L.L. 2013. Natural history notes: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 44(3): 520.

Barrett, G.W.; Peles, J.D.; Bowne, D.R. 2001. Predation on the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) by snakes and owls. Georgia Journal of Science 59(2): 94-100.

Barton, A.J. 1950. Replacement fangs in newborn timber rattlesnakes. Copeia 1950: 235-236.

Bartz, A.D.; Sajdak, R.A. 2004. Natural history notes: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Arboreality, courtship. Herpetological Review 35(1): 61.

Bauer, A.M.; Petit, R.E. 2004. On the herpetology of Perry's Arcana and two forgotten reptile names. International Society for the History and Bibliography of Herpetology Newsletter and Bulletin 5(1): 9-17.

Beaupre, S.J.; Douglas, L.E. 2013. Responses of Timber Rattlesnakes to fire: lessons from two prescribed burns. U S Forest Service General Technical Report NRS 102: 192-204.

Beaupre, S.J.; Zaidan, F. 2012. Digestive performance in the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) with reference to temperature dependence and bioenergetic cost of growth. Journal of Herpetology 46(4): 637-642.

Blair, C.; Sanchez-Ramirez, S. 2016. Diversity-dependent cladogenesis throughout western Mexico: evolutionary biogeography of rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalinae: Crotalus and Sistrurus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 97: 145-154.

Blihovde, W.B.; Brady, K.A. 2010. Geographic distribution: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 41(2): 244.

Bragg, A.N. 1948. The canebrake rattler and Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 28: 36-37.

Breen, J.F. 1970. Rhode Island's declining rattlers. Audubon Magazine 54(4): 36-38.

Briggler, J.T.; Prather, J.W. 2002. Natural history notes: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Cave use. Herpetological Review 33(2): 139.

Bringsøe, H. 1998. Quo vadis? Three American CITES proposals for American reptiles. Herpetological Review 29(2): 70-71.

Brooks, G.C.; Graham, S.P.; Kelehear, C. 2012. Geographic distribution: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). USA: Alabama: Crenshaw Co. Herpetological Review 43(4): 620.

Brown, W.S. 1981. Conserving the Timber Rattlesnake. Conservationist (Albany) 36(1): 27-29.

Brown, W.S. 1982. Overwintering body temperatures of Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) in northeastern New York. Journal of Herpetology 16(2): 145-150.

Brown, W.S. 1984. Background information for the protection of the Timber Rattlesnake in New York State. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 19(3): 94-97.

Brown, W.S. 1987. Hidden life of the timber rattler. National Geographic 172(July): 130-138.

Brown, W.S. 1991. Female reproductive ecology in a northern population of the Timber Rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus. Herpetologica 47(1): 101-115.

Brown, W.S. 1992. Emergence, ingress, and seasonal captures at dens of northern Timber Rattlesnakes, Crotalus horridus. pp. 251-258. In: Campbell, J.A. & Brodie, E.D. (eds.). Biology of the pitvipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas. 467 pp.

Brown, W.S. 1993. Biology, status, and management of the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus): a guide for conservation. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles), Lawrence, Kansas. 78 pp. (Herpetological Circulars no. 22).

Brown, W.S. 1995. Heterosexual groups and the mating season in a northern population of Timber Rattlesnakes, Crotalus horridus. Herpetological Natural History 3(2): 127-133.

Brown, W.S. 1995. The female Timber Rattlesnake: a key to conservation. Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1995(September-October): 12-19.

Brown, W.S. 2016. Lifetime reproduction in a northern metapopulation of Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus). Herpetologica 72(4): 331-342.

Brown, W.S.; Jones, L.; Stechert, R. 1994. A case in herpetological conservation: notorious poacher convicted of illegal trafficking in Timber Rattlesnakes. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29(4): 74-79.

Brown, W.S.; Kery, M.; Hines, J.E. 2007. Survival of Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) estimated by capture-recapture models in relation to age, sex, color morph, time, and birthplace. Copeia 2007(3): 656-671.

Brown, W.S.; Pyle, D.W.; Greene, K.R.; Friedlaender, J.B. 1982. Movements and temperature relationships of Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) in northeastern New York. Journal of Herpetology 16(2): 151-161.

Brown, W.S.; Simon, M.G. 2017. Natural history notes: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Gut obstruction. Herpetological Review 48(1): 208-209.

Brown, W.S.; Simon, M.G. 2018. Record life span in a population of Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus). Herpetological Review 49(3): 442-445.

Brumwell, M.J. 1951. An ecological survey of the Fort Leavenworth Military Reservation. American Midland Naturalist 45(1): 187-231.

Buhlmann, K.A. 1989. Crotalus horridus atricaudatus (canebrake rattlesnake). Catesbeiana 9(2): 34.

Burger, J.W. 1934. The hibernation habits of the rattlesnake of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Copeia 1934: 142.

Burns, A.D.; McAllister, C.T. 2003. Geographic distribution: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 34(4): 387.

Bushar, L.M.; Aborde, C.C.B.; Sisi, G.; González, M.V.; Hoffman, J.A.; Massaro, I.K.; Savitzky, A.H.; Howard, K.R. 2014. Genetic structure of Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) populations: physiographic influences and conservation implications. Copeia 2014(4): 694-706.

Bushar, L.M.; Bhatt, N.; Dunlop, M.C.; Schocklin, C.; Malloy, M.A.; Howard, K.R. 2015. Population isolation and genetic subdivision of Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Herpetologica 71(3): 203-211.

Bushar, L.M.; Maliga, M.; Reinert, H.K. 2001. Cross-species amplification of Crotalus horridus microsatellites and their application in phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Herpetology 35(3): 532-537.

Carmichael, E.B. 1954. Observations on activities and habits of a rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science 26: 15-17.

Case, D.; Apanius, M.; Wynn, D. 2017. Natural history notes: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Behavior. Herpetological Review 48(1): 208.

Cavanaugh, C.J. 1994. Natural history notes: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Longevity. Herpetological Review 25(2): 70.

Chantell, C.J. 1970. Crotalus horridus remains from two caves in Miami Co., Ohio. Ohio Journal of Science 70: 120-121.

Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M.; Bogert, C.M.; Vidaurri, J. 1991. A chemical sense of self in timber and Prairie Rattlesnakes. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 29(2): 153-154.

Clark, A.M.; Moler, P.E.; Possardt, E.E.; Savitzky, A.H.; Brown, W.S.; Bowen, B.W. 2003. Phylogeography of the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) based on mtDNA sequences. Journal of Herpetology 37(1): 145-154.

Clark, R.W. 2002. Diet of the Timber Rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus. Journal of Herpetology 36(3): 494-499.

Clark, R.W. 2004. Feeding experience modifies the assessment of ambush sites by the Timber Rattlesnake, a sit-and-wait predator. Ethology 110(6): 471-483.

Clark, R.W. 2004. Kin recognition in rattlesnakes. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 271: S243-S245, (Supplement 4).

Clark, R.W. 2004. Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) use chemical cues to select ambush sites. Journal of Chemical Ecology 30(3): 607-617.

Clark, R.W. 2005. Pursuit-deterrent communication between prey animals and Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus): the response of snakes to harassment displays. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 59(2): 258-261.

Clark, R.W. 2006. Fixed videography to study predation behavior of an ambush foraging snake, Crotalus horridus. Copeia 2006(2): 181-187.

Clark, R.W. 2006. Post-strike behavior of Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) during natural predation events. Ethology 112(11): 1089-1094.

Clark, R.W. 2007. Public information for solitary foragers: Timber Rattlesnakes use conspecific chemical cues to select ambush sites. Behavioral Ecology 18(2): 487-490.

Clark, R.W.; Brown, W.S.; Stechert, R.; Greene, H.W. 2012. Cryptic sociality in rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) detected by kinship analysis. Biology Letters 8(4): 523-525.

Clark, R.W.; Brown, W.S.; Stechert, R.; Zamudio, K.R. 2008. Integrating individual behaviour and landscape genetics: the population structure of Timber Rattlesnake hibernacula. Molecular Ecology 17(3): 719-730.

Clark, R.W.; Brown, W.S.; Stechert, R.; Zamudio, K.R. 2010. Roads, interrupted dispersal, and genetic diversity in Timber Rattlesnakes. Conservation Biology 24(4): 1059-1069.

Clark, R.W.; Marchand, M.N.; Clifford, B.J.; Stechert, R.; Stephens, S. 2011. Decline of an isolated Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) population: interactions between climate change, disease, and loss of genetic diversity. Biological Conservation 144(2): 886-891.

Cobb, V.A.; Green, J.J.; Worrall, T.; Pruett, J.; Glorioso, B. 2005. Initial den location behavior in a litter of neonate Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnakes). Southeastern Naturalist 4(4): 723-730.

Cochran, D.M. 1944. Dangerous reptiles (popular). Rep. Smithson. Instn. 1943: 275-325.

Cochran, P.A. 2010. Rattlesnake eggs and the passing of a torch in Winona County, Minnesota. Archives of Natural History 37(1): 19-27.

Cochran, P.A. 2013. Additional cases of snakes entrapped in garden netting: Pantherophis vulpinus and Crotalus horridus in southeastern Minnesota. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 48(10): 129.

Cochran, P.A. 2014. Natural history notes: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Coloration. Herpetological Review 45(4): 707-708.

Cochran, P.A. 2015. Shedding aggregations of Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus). Collinsorum 3(2-4): 14-16.

Cochran, P.A.; Schmitt, S.J. 2009. Use of remote cameras to monitor rock ledge microhabitat of Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 44(11): 161-165.

Cochran, P.A.; Schmitt, S.J. 2014. Natural history notes: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Diel activity. Herpetological Review 45(4): 708-709.

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Collins, S.L. 2003. An arboreal Timber Rattlesnake. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 6: 7.

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Villarreal, X.; Bricker, J.; Reinert, H.K.; Gelbert, L.; Bushar, L.M. 1996. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for use in population genetic analysis in the Timber Rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus. Journal of Heredity 87(2): 152-155.

Waldron, J.L.; Bennett, S.H.; Welch, S.M.; Dorcas, M.E.; Lanham, J.D.; Kalinowsky, W. 2006. Habitat specificity and home-range size as attributes of species vulnerability to extinction: a case study using sympatric rattlesnakes. Animal Conservation 9(4): 414-420.

Waldron, J.L.; Lanham, J.D.; Bennett, S.H. 2006. Using behaviorally-based seasons to investigate canebrake rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) movement patterns and habitat selection. Herpetologica 62(4): 389-398.

Walker, M.L.; Dorr, J.A.; Pisani, G.R. 2008. Observation of aberrant growth in a Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 111(1-4): 156-158.

Walley, H.D. 1963. The rattlesnake, Crotalus h. horridus in north central Illinois. Herpetologica 19: 216.

Whitt, A.L. 1970. Some mechanisms with which Crotalus horridus horridus responds to stimuli. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 31(1-2): 45-48.

Williams, A.A. 2002. Geographic distribution: Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 33(1): 67.

Wittenberg, R.D. 2012. Foraging ecology of the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) in a fragmented agricultural landscape. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 7(3): 449-461.

Wittenberg, R.D.; Beaupre, S.J. 2014. Growth of Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) in an agriculturally fragmented and a contiguously forested habitat. Herpetologica 70(2): 171-183.

Wright, R.A.S. 1987. Natural history observations on venomous snakes near the peaks of Otter, Bedford County, Virginia. Catesbeiana 7(2): 2-10.

Zaidan, F.; Beaupre, S.J. 2003. Effects of body mass, meal size, fast length, and temperature on specific dynamic action in the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 76(4): 447-458.

Crotalus intermedius

Bryson, R.W.; García-Vázquez, U.O. 2007. Geographic distribution: Crotalus intermedius gloydi (Oaxacan Small-headed Rattlesnake). Mexico: Veracruz. Herpetological Review 38(3): 354-355.

Bryson, R.W.; Mendoza-Quijano, F.; Mendoza-Paz, R.F.; Pacheco, J. 2006. Natural history notes: Crotalus intermedius gloydi (Oaxacan Small-headed Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 37(3): 350-351.

Davis, W.B.; Dixon, J.R. 1957. Notes on Mexican snakes (Ophidia). Southwestern Naturalist 2(1): 19-27.

Davis, W.B.; Dixon, J.R. 1959. Snakes of the Chilpancingo region, Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 72: 79-92.

Fernández-Badillo, L.; Morales-Capellán, N.; Goyenechea, I.; Hernández-Salinas, U. 2013. Geographic distribution: Crotalus intermedius (Mexican Small-headed Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 44(3): 475-476.

Fernández-Badillo, L.; Olvera Olvera, C.R.; Torres-Angeles, F. 2016. Distribution notes: Crotalus intermedius (Troschel, 1865). Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(2): 526-527.

García-Padilla, E.; Rodríguez-Pérez, C.A.; Mata-Silva, V.; DeSantis, D.L.; Wilson, L.D. 2016. Nature notes: Crotalus intermedius Troschel, 1865. Arboreality. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(2): 496-497.

Hernández-Jandete, R.; Fernández-Badillo, L.; Ibarra-Bautista, A.; Olvera-Olvera, C.R. 2017. Distribution notes: Crotalus intermedius (Troschel, 1865). Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(3): 678-679.

Ibarra-Bautista, A.; Hernández-Jandete, R.; Arellano-Pinacho, R.D.; Fernández-Badillo, L. 2017. Distribution notes: Crotalus intermedius Troschel, 1865. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(2): 485.

Klauber, L.M. 1938. Notes from a herpetological diary. I. Copeia 1938: 191-197.

McCranie, J.R. 1991. Crotalus intermedius. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 519: 1-4.

Nixon, R.; Langner, C. 2017. Erster Hinweis auf epizoisches Algenwachstum an Segmenten der Rassel der mexikanischen Zwergklapperschlange Crotalus intermedius gloydi Taylor, 1941. Sauria (Berlin) 39(1): 47-50.

Pianka, E.R.; Smith, H.M. 1959. Distributional records for certain Mexican and Guatemalan reptiles. Herpetologica 15: 119-120.

Sanchez-Herrera, O.; Lopez-Ortega, G. 1987. Noteworthy records of amphibians and reptiles from Tlaxcala, Mexico. Herpetological Review 18(2): 41.

Taylor, E.H. 1941. Herpetological miscellany. II. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 27(1): 105-139.

Valencia-Hernandez, A.A.; Goyenechea, I.; Castillo-Ceron, J.M. 2007. Notes on scutellation, length, and distribution of rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 23(3): 29-33.

Yanez-Arenas, C.; Townsend, P.A.; Mokondoko, P.; Rojas-Soto, O.; Martínez-Meyer, E. 2014. The use of ecological niche modeling to infer potential risk areas of snakebite in the Mexican state of Veracruz. PLoS ONE 9(6): e100957.

Crotalus lannomi

Jadin, R.C.; Reyes-Velasco, J.; Smith, E.N. 2010. Hemipenes of the long-tailed rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae) from Mexico. Phyllomedusa 9(1): 69-73.

Reyes-Velasco, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Jones, J.M.; Weatherman, G.N. 2010. Rediscovery of the rare Autlán Long-tailed Rattlesnake, Crotalus lannomi. Herpetological Review 41(1): 19-25.

Reyes-Velasco, J.; Meik, J.M.; Smith, E.N.; Castoe, T.A. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic longtailed rattlesnakes (Crotalus ericsmithi, C. lannomi, and C. stejnegeri). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69(3): 524-534.

Tanner, W.W. 1966. A new rattlesnake from western Mexico. Herpetologica 22: 298-302.

Tanner, W.W. 1986. Crotalus lannomi. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 387: 1.

Crotalus lepidus

Banda-Leal, J.; Lazcano, D.; Nevárez-de los Reyes, M.; Huereca-Delgado, A. 2015. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus (Rock Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 46(1): 102.

Beaupre, S.J. 1993. An ecological study of oxygen consumption in the mottled Rock Rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus lepidus, and the black-tailed rattlesnake, Crotalus molossus molossus, from two populations. Physiological Zoology 66(3): 437-454.

Beaupre, S.J. 1995. Comparative ecology of the mottled Rock Rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus, in Big Bend National Park. Herpetologica 51(1): 45-56.

Beaupre, S.J. 1995. Effects of geographically variable thermal environment on bioenergetics of mottled Rock Rattlesnakes. Ecology (Washington, D.C.) 76(5): 1655-1665.

Beaupre, S.J. 1996. Field metabolic rate, water flux, and energy budgets of mottled Rock Rattlesnakes, Crotalus lepidus, from two populations. Copeia 1996(2): 319-329.

Black, D.; Burkett, D.W. 2003. Geographic distribution: Crotalus lepidus (Rock Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 34(4): 387.

Borrell, B.J.; Laduc, T.J.; Dudley, R. 2005. Respiratory cooling in rattlesnakes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Molecular and Integrative Physiology 140(4): 471-476.

Bryson, R.W.; Banda, J.; Lazcano, D. 2002. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus maculosus (Durangan Rock Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 33(2): 139-140.

Bryson, R.W.; Linkem, C.W.; Dorcas, M.E.; Lathrop, A.; Jones, J.M.; Alvarado-Díaz, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Murphy, R.W. 2014. Multilocus species delimitation in the Crotalus triseriatus species group (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3826(3): 475–496.

Bryson, R.W.; Mueller, J.M. 2001. Geographic distribution: Crotalus lepidus lepidus (Mottled Rock Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 32(2): 122.

Calmonte, A. 1974. Die Felsenklapperschlange Crotalus lepidus lepidus (Kennicott, 1861). Aquarium Aqua Terra 8(64): 460-462.

Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Quintero-Díaz, G.E.; González-Saucedo, Z.Y.; Sigala-Rodríguez, J.J. 2012. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus (Rock Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 43(4): 658.

Carpenter, C.C.; Gillingham, J.C.; Murphy, J.B. 1976. The combat ritual of the rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus). Copeia 1976(4): 764-780.

Chiszar, D.; Radcliffe, C.; Feiler, F. 1986. Trailing behavior in banded rock rattlesnakes (Crotalus lepidus klauberi) and Prairie Rattlesnakes (C. viridis viridis). Journal of Comparative Psychology 100(4): 368-371.

Christman, B.L.; Barkalow, A.; Jennings, R.D.; Hamilton, G.L.; Bain, J. 2016. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus klauberi (Banded Rock Rattlesnake). Diet / mortality. Herpetological Review 47(3): 477.

Christman, B.L.; Holycross, A.T.; Painter, C.W. 2004. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus klauberi (Banded Rock Rattlesnake). Morphology. Herpetological Review 35(1): 62.

Conant, R. 1955. Notes on three Texas reptiles, including an addition to the fauna of the state. American Museum Novitates 1726: 1-6.

DeSantis, D.L.; Mata-Silva, V.; Johnson, J.D. 2015. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus (Rock Rattlesnake). Diet / scavenging. Herpetological Review 46(2): 268-269.

Dixon, J.R. 1956. The mottled rock rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus lepidus, in Edwards County, Texas. Copeia 1956: 126-127.

Dorcas, M.E. 1992. Relationships among montane populations of Crotalus lepidus and Crotalus triseriatus. pp. 71-87. In: Campbell, J.A. & Brodie, E.D. (eds.). Biology of the pitvipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas. 467 pp.

Falck, E.G.J. 1940. Food of an eastern rock rattlesnake in captivity. Copeia 1940: 135.

Farallo, V.R.; Forstner, M.R.J. 2012. Predation and the maintenance of color polymorphism in a habitat specialist squamate. PLoS ONE 7(1): e30316, 1-12.

Frey, J.K. 1996. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus (Rock Rattlesnake). Aquatic behavior. Herpetological Review 27(3): 145.

García-Padilla, E.; Mata-Silva, V. 2015. Distribution notes: Crotalus lepidus Kennicott, 1861. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2(4): 555-556.

Geluso, K. 2007. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus lepidus (Mottled Rock Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 38(1): 86-87.

Gloyd, H.K. 1936. The subspecies of Crotalus lepidus. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 337: 1-5.

Goldberg, S.R. 2000. Reproduction in the Rock Rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus (Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetological Natural History 7(1): 83-86.

Harris, H.S.; Simmons, R.S. 1972. An April birth record for Crotalus lepidus with a summary of annual broods in rattlesnakes. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 8(2): 54-56.

Hernandez-Ibarra, X.; Bryson, R.W.; Ramirez-Bautista, A. 2003. Geographic distribution: Crotalus lepidus lepidus (Mottled Rock Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 34(4): 387.

Holycross, A.T.; Painter, C.W.; Prival, D.B.; Swann, D.E.; Schroff, M.J.; Edwards, T.; Schwalbe, C.R. 2002. Diet of Crotalus lepidus klauberi (Banded Rock Rattlesnake). Journal of Herpetology 36(4): 589-597.

Jacob, J.S.; Altenbach, J.S. 1977. Sexual color dimorphism in Crotalus lepidus klauberi Gloyd (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae). Journal of Herpetology 11(1): 81-84.

Johnson, T.B. 1987. Banded rock rattlesnake. Wildlife Views 30(5): 4.

Lazcano, D.; Galvan, R.D.J.; Garcia-de la Pena, C.; Castaneda, G. 2007. Crotalus lepidus captive maintenance of the Rock Rattlesnake. Reptilia (GB) 53: 27-31.

Lazcano, D.; Galvan, R.D.J.; Garcia-de la Pena, C.; Castaneda, G. 2007. Terrarienhaltung von Gebirgsklapperschlangen. Reptilia (D) 12(66): 38-41.

Lazcano, D.; Leal, J.B.; Gamaliel Castaneda, G.; Garcia-de la Pena, C.; Bryson, R.W. 2004. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus (Rock Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 35(1): 62-63.

Lemos-Espinal, J.A.; Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M. 2000. Geographic distribution: Crotalus lepidus lepidus (Mottled Rock Rattlesnake). Mexico: Chihuahua. Herpetological Review 31(2): 113.

Liner, E.A.; Chaney, A.H. 1986. Life history notes: Crotalus lepidus lepidus (Mottled Rock Rattlesnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 17(4): 89.

Mata-Silva, V.; DeSantis, D.L.; Wagler, A.E.; Johnson, J.D. 2018. Spatial ecology of Rock Rattlesnakes (Crotalus lepidus) in far West Texas. Herpetologica 74(3): 245–254.

Mata-Silva, V.; Dilks, S.; Johnson, J.D. 2010. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus (Rock Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 41(2): 235-236.

Mata-Silva, V.; Johnson, J.D.; Rocha, A. 2011. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus (Rock Rattlesnake). Feeding behavior. Herpetological Review 42(3): 439.

Mata-Silva, V.; Johnson, J.D.; Rocha, A.; Dilks, S. 2014. Rainwater-harvesting by the Rock Rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus, in the Chihuahuan Desert of western Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 59(2): 303-304.

Miller, L.R.; Gutzke, W.H.N. 1999. The role of the vomeronasal organ of crotalines (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) in predator detection. Animal Behaviour 58(1): 53-57.

Muñiz-Martínez, R.; Valdez-Lares, R. 2012. Actualización a los crotálidos de Durango, México. Vertebrata Mexicana 24: 1-9.

Neill, W.T. 1960. The caudal lure of various juvenile snakes. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 23: 173-200.

Norris, R.L. 2005. First report of a bite by the Mottled Rock Rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus lepidus). Toxicon 46(4): 414-417.

Platt, S.G.; Rainwater, T.R. 2009. An elevation record for Crotalus lepidus lepidus (Kennicott, 1861) in the Davis Mountains of west Texas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 30: 12.

Ponce-Campos, P.; Romero-Contreras, R.; Huerta-Ortega, S.M. 2000. Geographic distribution: Crotalus lepidus maculosus (Durangan Rock Rattlesnake). Mexico: Jalisco. Herpetological Review 31(2): 113.

Price, M.S. 2010. A Guide to the Rock Rattlesnakes of The United States. ECO Herpetological Publishing, Rodeo, New Mexico. 160 pp.

Price, M.S. 2014. A Guide to the Rock Rattlesnakes of Mexico. ECO Herpetological Publishing, Rodeo, New Mexico. 122 pp.

Quinn, H. 1981. Life history notes: Crotalus lepidus lepidus (Mottled Rock Rattlesnake). Coloration. Herpetological Review 12(3): 79-80.

Rossi, J.; Feldner, J.J. 1993. Life history notes: Crotalus willardi willardi (Arizona Ridgenose Rattlesnake) and Crotalus lepidus klauberi (banded Rock Rattlesnake). Arboreal behavior. Herpetological Review 24(1): 35.

Schwartz, A.; Babis, W.A. 1949. Extension of range of Crotalus lepidus klauberi. Copeia 1949(1): 74.

Smith, L.J.; Holycross, A.T.; Painter, C.W.; Douglas, M.E. 2001. Montane rattlesnakes and prescribed fire. Southwestern Naturalist 46(1): 54-61.

Starrett, B.L.; Holycross, A.T. 2000. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus klauberi (Banded Rock Rattlesnake). Caudal luring. Herpetological Review 31(4): 245.

Strimple, P. 1993. Report on the feeding and growth of a juvenile mottled Rock Rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus lepidus, during three years in captivity. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 13(3): 89-94.

Tanner, W.W.; Dixon, J.R.; Harris, H.S. 1972. A new subspecies of Crotalus lepidus from western Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist 32(1): 16-24.

Taylor, E.H. 1944. Two new species of crotalid snakes from Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 30(1): 47-56.

Vandeventer, T.L. 1977. Report of a double pre-molt period in a mottled rock rattlesnake. Bulletin Chicago Herpetological Society 12(2): 60.

Velde, H. van der 1995. Breeding results. Crotalus lepidus klauberi. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 15(5): 134.

Vincent, J.W. 1982. Color pattern variation in Crotalus lepidus lepidus (Viperidae) in southwestern Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 27(3): 263-272.

Werler, J.E. 1951. Miscellaneous notes on the eggs and young of Texan and Mexican reptiles. Zoologica (New York) 36: 37-48.

Williamson, M.A. 1971. An instance of cannibalism in Crotalus lepidus (Serpentes: Crotalidae). Herpetological Review 3(1): 18.

Crotalus lorenzoensis

Hollingsworth, B.D.; Mellink, E. 1996. Natural history notes: Crotalus exsul lorenzoensis (San Lorenzo Island Rattlesnake). Arboreal behavior. Herpetological Review 27(3): 143-144.

Radcliffe, C.W.; Maslin, T.P. 1975. A new subspecies of the red rattlesnake, Crotalus ruber, from San Lorenzo Sur Island, Baja California Norte, Mexico. Copeia 1975(3): 490-493.

Crotalus lutosus

Aird, S.D.; Aird, M.E. 1990. Rain collecting behaviour in a Great Basin Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis lutosus). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 25(12): 217.

Cobb, V.A.; Peterson, C.R. 1999. Natural history notes: Crotalus viridis lutosus (Great Basin Rattlesnake). Mortality. Herpetological Review 30(1): 45-46.

Davis, M.A.; Douglas, M.R.; Collyer, M.L.; Douglas, M.E. 2016. Deconstructing a species-complex: geometric morphometric and molecular analyses define species in the Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis). PLoS ONE 11(1): e0146166.

Diller, L.V. 1982. Comparative ecology of Great Basin rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis lutosus) and Great Basin gopher snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus deserticola) and their impact on small mammal populations in the Snake River Birds of Prey Natural Area. Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering 43(2): 356.

Glaudas, X.; Goldberg, S.R.; Hamilton, B.T. 2009. Timing of reproduction of a cold desert viperid snake from North America, the Great Basin rattlesnake (Crotalus lutosus). Journal of Arid Environments 73(8): 719-725.

Glaudas, X.; Jezkova, T.; Rodriguez-Robles, J.A. 2008. Feeding ecology of the Great Basin rattlesnake (Crotalus lutosus, Viperidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 86(7): 723-734.

Gloyd, H.K.; Bevan, W.A. 1946. A case of intraspecific poisoning in the Great Basin rattlesnake (C. viridis lutosus). Natural History Miscellanea (Chicago) 3: 1-3.

Hamilton, B.; Richard, D. 2010. Natural history notes: Crotalus oreganus lutosus (Great Basin Rattlesnake). Elevation. Herpetological Review 41(1): 90.

Hamilton, B.T.; Nowak, E.M. 2009. Relationships between insolation and rattlesnake hibernacula. Western North American Naturalist 69(3): 319-328.

Hirth, H.F. 1966. The ability of two species of snakes to return to a hibernaculum after displacement. Southwestern Naturalist 11: 49-53.

Hirth, H.F. 1966. Weight changes and mortality of three species of snakes during hibernation. Herpetologica 22: 8-12.

Jenkins, C.L.; Peterson, C.R. 2005. Linking landscape disturbance to the population ecology of great basin rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganos lutosus) in the upper Snake River Plain. Idaho Bureau of Land Management Technical Bulletin 2005-07: 1-31.

Klauber, L.M. 1935. A new subspecies of Crotalus confluentus, the prairie rattlesnake. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 8: 75-90.

Neher, E.M. 1935. The origin of the "brille" in Crotalus confluentus lutosus (Great Basin rattlesnake). Transactions Amer. Ophthal. Soc. 33: 535-545.

Parker, W.S.; Brown, W.S. 2016. The Utah snake dens 75 years later: a historical review. Herpetological Review 47(3): 365-373.

Rombough, C. 2018. Natural history notes: Crotalus oreganus lutosus (Great Basin Rattlesnake). Reproduction / Mating. Herpetological Review 49(1): 127-128.

Crotalus mitchelli

Amaral, A. do 1927. Studies of Nearctic Ophidia. 1. Crotalus goldmani Schmidt 1922 a synonym of C. mitchelli Cope 1861. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 1(2): 47, 48.

Denburgh, J. van 1894. Notes on Crotalus mitchellii and Crotalus pyrrhus. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 2(4): 450-455.

Evanhoe, L.; Haug, M.C. 2011. Natural history notes: Crotalus mitchellii (Speckled Rattlesnake). Arboreal behavior. Herpetological Review 42(2): 288.

Gartner, G.E.A.; Reiserer, R.S. 2003. Natural history notes: Crotalus mitchellii (Speckled Rattlesnake). Mating. Herpetological Review 34(1): 65.

Glaudas, X.; Rodríguez-Robles, J.A. 2011. A two-level problem: habitat selection in relation to prey abundance in an ambush predator, the speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii). Behaviour 148(14): 1491-1524.

Glaudas, X.; Rodríguez-Robles, J.A. 2011. Vagabond males and sedentary females: spatial ecology and mating system of the speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 103(3): 681-695.

Goldberg, S.R. 2000. Reproduction in the Speckled Rattlesnake, Crotalus mitchellii (Serpentes: Viperidae). Bulletin Southern California Academy of Sciences 99(2): 101-104.

Greenberg, D.B.; McClintock, W.J. 2008. Remember the third dimension: terrain modeling improves estimates of snake home range size. Copeia 2008(4): 801-806.

Klauber, L.M. 1936. Crotalus mitchellii, the speckled rattlesnake. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 8: 149-184.

Klauber, L.M. 1963. A new insular subspecies of the speckled rattlesnake. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 13: 73-80.

Lawing, A.M.; Meik, J.M.; David, P.P. 2012. Climate and competition shape species' borders: a study of the Panamint (Crotalus stephensi) and Speckled (Crotalus mitchellii) Rattlesnakes. ISRN Zoology (Article ID 528745): 1-6.

McCrystal, H.K.; McCoid, M.J. 1986. Crotalus mitchellii. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 388: 1-4.

Meik, J.M.; Lawing, A.M.; Pires da Silva, A. 2010. Body size evolution in insular Speckled Rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus mitchellii). PLoS ONE 5(3): e9524, 1-8.

Meik, J.M.; Schaack, S.; Ingrasci, M.J.; Lawing, A.M.; Setser, K.W.; Estrella, M.D.; Flores-Villela, O.A. 2012. Notes on activity, body size variation, and diet in insular Speckled Rattlesnakes from the western Sea of Cortes, Mexico. Herpetological Review 43(4): 556-560.

Miller, L.R.; Gutzke, W.H.N. 1999. The role of the vomeronasal organ of crotalines (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) in predator detection. Animal Behaviour 58(1): 53-57.

Strimple, P. 1992. Crotalus mitchelli, the speckled rattlesnake. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 12(2): 26-31.

Velde, H. van der 1995. Breeding results. Crotalus mitchelli mitchelli - speckled rattlesnake. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 15(3): 78-79.

Walde, A.M.; Walde, A.D.; Jones, C. 2014. Natural history notes: Gopherus agassizii (Mohave Desert Tortoise) and Crotalus mitchelli (speckled rattlesnake). Burrow associate. Herpetological Review 45(4): 688.

Wong, H. 1997. Comments on the snake records of Chilomeniscus cinctus, Crotalus exsul, and C. mitchellii from Islas Magdalena and Santa Margarita, Baja California, Mexico. Herpetological Review 28(4): 188-189.

Crotalus molossus

Alt, N. 2002. Crotalus molossus in the El Pinacate Region, Sonora, Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 37(9): 157.

Anderson, C.G.; Greenbaum, E. 2012. Phylogeography of northern populations of the Black-tailed Rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus Baird and Girard, 1853), with the revalidation of C. ornatus Hallowell, 1854. Herpetological Monographs 26: 19-57.

Beaupre, S.J. 1993. An ecological study of oxygen consumption in the mottled Rock Rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus lepidus, and the black-tailed rattlesnake, Crotalus molossus molossus, from two populations. Physiological Zoology 66(3): 437-454.

Borrell, B.J.; Laduc, T.J.; Dudley, R. 2005. Respiratory cooling in rattlesnakes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Molecular and Integrative Physiology 140(4): 471-476.

Brown, B.C.; Mittleman, M.B. 1947. A range extension for Crotalus m. molossus B. & G. in Texas. Herpetologica 4(1): 23-24.

Brown, N.L. 2000. Geographic distribution: Crotalus molossus (Blacktail Rattlesnake). USA: Arizona: Coconino Co. Herpetological Review 31(1): 55.

Calmonte, A. 1978. Die Schwarzschwanz-Klapperschlange - in der Freiheit - und im Terrarium beobachtet. Aquarium (Minden) 12(107): 221-223.

Chrapliwy, P.S.; Fugler, C.M. 1955. Amphibians and reptiles collected in Mexico in the summer of 1953. Herpetologica 11: 121-128.

Christman, B.; Painter, C.W. 1998. Geographic distribution: Crotalus molossus (Blacktail Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 29(4): 249.

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Enderson, E.F. 1999. Predation of Crotalus molossus molossus (black-tail rattlesnake) by Masticophis bilineatus bilineatus (Sonoran Whipsnake), Whetstone Mountains, Arizona. Sonoran Herpetologist 12(7): 72-73.

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Gatica-Colima, A.; Macías-Rodríguez, E.F.; Leal-Saldaña, O.; Martínez-Calderas, J. 2013. Geographic distribution: Crotalus molossus (Black-tailed Rattlesnake). México: Chihuahua. Herpetological Review 44(1): 108.

Gloyd, H.K. 1936. A Mexican subspecies of Crotalus molossus Baird & Girard. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 325: 1-5.

Gloyd, H.K. 1948. Description of a neglected subspecies of rattlesnake from Mexico. Natural History Miscellanea (Chicago) 17: 1-4.

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Hamilton, B.T.; Nowak, E.M. 2009. Relationships between insolation and rattlesnake hibernacula. Western North American Naturalist 69(3): 319-328.

Hamilton, P.S.; Wrieden, J. 2004. Natural history notes: Crotalus molossus molossus (Black-tailed Rattlesnake). Male-male fighting. Herpetological Review 35(1): 63.

Hardy, D.L.; Greene, H.W. 1995. Natural history notes: Crotalus molossus molossus (Blacktail Rattlesnake). Maximum length. Herpetological Review 26(2): 101.

Harrison, C.R.; LaDuc, T.J. 1998. Geographic distribution: Crotalus molossus molossus (Blacktail Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 29(3): 176.

Hensley, M.M. 1950. Results of a herpetological reconnaissance in extreme southwestern Arizona and adjacent Sonora, with a description of a new subspecies of the Sonoran whipsnake, Masticophis bilineatus. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 53: 270-288.

Holycross, A.T. 2001. Geographic distribution: Crotalus molossus (Black-tailed Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 32(3): 194.

Holycross, A.T.; Smith, L.J. 2001. Geographic distribution: Crotalus molossus (Black-tailed Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 32(3): 194.

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Madrid Sotelo, C.A.; Balderas-Valdivia, C.J. 2008. Natural history notes: Crotalus molossus nigrescens (Mexican Black-tailed Rattlesnake). Behavior. Herpetological Review 39(4): 468-469.

Mata-Silva, V.; Johnson, J.D.; Rocha, A. 2012. Natural history notes: Crotalus molossus (Black-tailed Rattlesnake). Rain harvesting behavior. Herpetological Review 43(1): 145-146.

Miranda, L.; Mata-Silva, V.; Dilks, S.; Riveroll, H.; Johnson, J.D. 2008. Natural history notes: Crotalus molossus (Blacktail Rattlesnake). Morphology. Herpetological Review 39(1): 97.

Muñiz-Martínez, R.; Valdez-Lares, R. 2012. Actualización a los crotálidos de Durango, México. Vertebrata Mexicana 24: 1-9.

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Nacimento, V.; Santos, E.M. dos 2016. Geographic distribution: Crotalus molossus (Black-tailed Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 47(1): 83.

Olvera Olvera, C.R.; Fernández-Badillo, L. 2016. Geographic distribution: Crotalus molossus (Black-tailed Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 47(1): 83.

Platt, S.G.; Rainwater, T.R. 2008. A new maximum size record for Crotalus molossus (Baird and Girard, 1853). Journal of Kansas Herpetology 28: 14-15.

Platt, S.G.; Rainwater, T.R. 2011. An observation of scavenging by Crotalus molossus (Baird and Girard, 1853). Journal of Kansas Herpetology 37: 8-9.

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Smith, D.D.; Laposha, N.A.; Powell, R.; Parmerlee, J.S. 1985. Life history notes: Crotalus molossus (Blacktail Rattlesnake). Anomaly. Herpetological Review 16(3): 78-79.

Smith, L.J.; Holycross, A.T.; Painter, C.W.; Douglas, M.E. 2001. Montane rattlesnakes and prescribed fire. Southwestern Naturalist 46(1): 54-61.

Soderquist, T.R.; Middlebrook, N.R. 1984. New herpetological records from Arizona north of the Grand Canyon. Herpetological Review 15(4): 115.

Spengler, J.C.; Smith, H.M.; Chiszar, D.; Casas-Andreu, G. 1982. Geographic distribution: Crotalus basiliscus oaxacus (Oaxacan Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 13(1): 25.

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Crotalus morulus

Bryson, R.W.; Linkem, C.W.; Dorcas, M.E.; Lathrop, A.; Jones, J.M.; Alvarado-Díaz, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Murphy, R.W. 2014. Multilocus species delimitation in the Crotalus triseriatus species group (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3826(3): 475–496.

Correa Sanchez, F.; Gonzalez Ruiz, A.; Godinez-Cano, E.; Delgadillo Espinosa, J.A. 1999. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus morulus (Rock Rattlesnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 30(3): 168.

Lazcano, D.; Leal, J.B.; Gamaliel Castaneda, G.; Garcia-de la Pena, C.; Bryson, R.W. 2004. Natural history notes: Crotalus lepidus (Rock Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 35(1): 62-63.

Crotalus muertensis

Klauber, L.M. 1963. A new insular subspecies of the speckled rattlesnake. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 13: 73-80.

Crotalus oreganus

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Banta, B.H. 1964. An unusual development of head scales in a Pacific rattlesnake. Wasmann Journal of Biology 22: 331-332.

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Biardi, J.E.; Chien, D.C.; Coss, R.G. 2005. California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) defenses against rattlesnake venom digestive and hemostatic toxins. Journal of Chemical Ecology 31(11): 2501-2518.

Biardi, J.E.; Chien, D.C.; Coss, R.G. 2006. California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) defenses against rattlesnake venom digestive and hemostatic toxins. Journal of Chemical Ecology 32(1): 137-154.

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Capehart, G.D.; Escallon, C.; Vernasco, B.J.; Moore, I.T.; Taylor, E.N. 2016. No drought about it: effects of supplemental hydration on the ecology, behavior, and physiology of free-ranging rattlesnakes. Journal of Arid Environments 134: 79-86.

Chiszar, D.; DeWelde, K.; Garcia, M.; Payne, D.; Smith, H.M. 1999. Strike-induced chemosensory searching (SICS) in northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis oreganus, Holbrook, 1840) rescued from substandard husbandry conditions. 2. Complete recovery of function after two years. Zoo Biology 18(2): 141-146.

Clark, H.O. 2011. Alternate coloration of the Northern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus oreganus). Sonoran Herpetologist 24(7): 70.

Clark, H.O.; Newman, D.P. 2010. Results of a herpetological survey in northwestern Kern County, California. Sonoran Herpetologist 23(10): 144-147.

Clucas, B.; Owings, D.H.; Rowe, M.P. 2008. Donning your enemy's cloak: ground squirrels exploit rattlesnake scent to reduce predation risk. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 275(1636): 847-852.

Coss, R.G.; Biardi, J.E. 1997. Individual variation in the antisnake behavior of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi). Journal of Mammalogy 78(2): 294-310.

Davis, M.A.; Douglas, M.R.; Collyer, M.L.; Douglas, M.E. 2016. Deconstructing a species-complex: geometric morphometric and molecular analyses define species in the Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis). PLoS ONE 11(1): e0146166.

Diller, L.V.; Wallace, R.L. 1984. Reproductive biology of the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) in northern Idaho. Herpetologica 40(2): 182-193.

Diller, L.V.; Wallace, R.L. 2002. Growth, reproduction, and survival in a population of Crotalus viridis oreganus in north central Idaho. Herpetological Monographs 16: 26-45.

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Dornburg, A.; Weaver, R.E. 2009. First report of scavenging by the Northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus oreganus) in the wild. Northwestern Naturalist 90(1): 55-57.

Dowling, H.G. 1959. Rattles and hisses and rasping scales. Animal Kingdom 62: 140-142.

Einfalt, P. 1998. Haltung und Nachzucht der Prärieklapperschlange (Crotalus viridis oreganus). Elaphe 6(2): 12-14.

Evans, I.; Spencer-Hartle, L.A. 2013. Herpetoculture notes: Crotalus oreganus oreganus (Northern Pacific Rattlesnake). Longevity. Herpetological Review 44(3): 453.

Fitch, H.S.; Glading, B. 1947. A field study of a rattlesnake population. California Fish and Game 33: 103-123.

Fitch, H.S.; Twining, H. 1946. Feeding habits of the Pacific rattlesnake. Copeia 1946(2): 64-71.

Germano, D.J.; Brown, J.L. 2003. Natural history notes: Gambelia sila (Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard). Predation. Herpetological Review 34(2): 143-144.

Gienger, C.M.; Beck, D.D. 2011. Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) use thermal and structural cues to choose overwintering hibernacula. Canadian Journal of Zoology 89(11): 1084-1090.

Gier, P.J.; Wallace, R.L.; Ingermann, R.L. 1989. Influence of pregnancy on behavioral thermoregulation in the northern Pacific rattlesnake Crotalus viridis oreganus. Journal of Experimental Biology 145: 465-469.

Haverly, J.E.; Kardong, K.V. 1996. Sensory deprivation effects on the predatory behaviour of the rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus. Copeia 1996(2): 419-428.

Hayes, W.K. 1986. Observations of courtship in the rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus. Journal of Herpetology 20(2): 246-249.

Hayes, W.K.; Galusha, J.G. 1984. Effects of rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) envenomation upon mobility of male wild and laboratory mice (Mus musculus). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 20(4): 135-144.

Hayes, W.K.; Hayes, D.M. 1994. Stimuli influencing the release and aim of predatory strikes of the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus). Northwestern Naturalist 74(1) [1993]: 1-9.

Hayes, W.K.; Lavin-Murcio, P.; Kardong, K.V. 1995. Northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis oreganus) meter venom when feeding on prey of different sizes. Copeia 1995(2): 337-343.

Hersek, M.J.; Owings, D.H.; Hennessy, D.F. 1992. Combat between rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis oreganus) in the field. Journal of Herpetology 26(1): 105-107.

Holding, M.L.; Biardi, J.E.; Lisle, G.H. 2016. Coevolution of venom function and venom resistance in a rattlesnake predator and its squirrel prey. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 283(1829): 20152841.

Holding, M.L.; Frazier, J.A.; Dorr, S.W.; Henningsen, S.N.; Moore, I.T.; Taylor, E.N. 2014. Physiological and behavioral effects of repeated handling and short-distance translocations on free-ranging Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus oreganus). Journal of Herpetology 48(2): 233-239.

Holding, M.L.; Owen, D.A.S.; Taylor, E.N. 2014. Evaluating the thermal effects of translocation in a large-bodied pitviper. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A-Ecological Genetics and Physiology 321(8): 442-449.

Hollister, R.; Hollister, J.; David, S.R.; Steen, D.A. 2018. Natural history notes: Crotalus oreganus (Western Rattlesnake). Predation. Herpetological Review 49(4): 751.

Jenkins, C.L.; Peterson, C.R.; Doering, S.C.; Cobb, V.A. 2009. Microgeographic variation in reproductive characteristics among western rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) populations. Copeia 2009(4): 774-780.

Jochimsen, D.M. 2006. Factors influencing the road mortality of snakes on the upper Snake River plain, Idaho. pp. 351-365. In: Irwin, C.L.; Garrett, P.; McDermott, K.P. (eds.). On the road to stewardship. International Conference on Ecology and Transportation 2005 Proceedings, August 29 - September 2, 2005, San Diego, California. ITRE, North Carolina State University, Raleigh. 712 pp.

Jochimsen, D.M.; Petersen, C.R.; Harmon, L.J. 2014. Influence of ecology and landscape on snake road mortality in a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem. Animal Conservation 17(6): 583-592.

Johnson, A.K.; Medica, P.A. 2017. Natural history notes: Crotalus oreganus lutosus (Great Basin Rattlesnake). Defensive behavior / head hiding and tongue display. Herpetological Review 48(1): 209-210.

Kardong, K.V. 1986. Predatory strike behavior of the rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus. Journal of Comparative Psychology 100(3): 304-314.

Kardong, K.V. 1993. The predatory behavior of the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus): laboratory versus wild mice as prey. Herpetologica 49(4): 457-463.

Kardong, K.V. 1996. Mechanical damage inflicted by fangs on prey during predatory strikes by rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis oreganus. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32(4): 113-118.

Kardong, K.V.; Bels, V.L. 1998. Rattlesnake strike behavior: kinematics. Journal of Experimental Biology 201(6): 837-850.

Keehn, J.E.; Nieto, N.C.; Tracy, C.R.; Gienger, C.M.; Feldman, C.R. 2013. Evolution on a desert island: body size divergence between the reptiles of Nevada's Anaho Island and the mainland around Pyramid Lake. Journal of Zoology (London) 291(4): 269-278.

Klauber, L.M. 1935. A new subspecies of Crotalus confluentus, the prairie rattlesnake. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 8: 75-90.

Kuhn, B.F.; Rochelle, M.J.; Kardong, K.V. 1991. Effects of rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) envenomation upon the mobility and death rate of laboratory mice (Mus musculus) and the wild mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 27(4): 189-194.

Lavin-Murcio, P.; Kardong, K.V. 1995. Scents related to venom and prey as cues in the poststrike trailing behavior of rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis oreganus. Herpetologica 51(1): 39-44.

Lavin-Murcio, P.; Robinson, B.G.; Kardong, K.V. 1993. Cues involved in relocation of struck prey by rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis oreganus. Herpetologica 49(4): 463-469.

Macartney, J.M. 1989. Diet of the northern Pacific rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus, in British Columbia. Herpetologica 45(3): 299-304.

Macartney, J.M.; Gregory, P.T.; Charland, M.B. 1990. Growth and sexual maturity of the Western Rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis, in British Columbia. Copeia 1990(2): 528-542.

Mackessy, S.P.; Baxter, L.M. 2006. Bioweapons synthesis and storage: the venom gland of front-fanged snakes. Zoologischer Anzeiger 245(3-4): 147-159.

Maida, J.; Larsen, K.; Hooper, C.; Bishop, C. 2017. Natural history notes: Crotalus oreganus (Western Rattlesnake). Mortality. Herpetological Review 48(2): 447.

Owings, D.H.; Coss, R.G. 2007. Social and antipredator systems: intertwining links in multiple time frames. pp. 305-316. In: Wolff, J.O.; Sherman, P.W. (eds.). Rodent societies: an ecological & evolutionary perspective. University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London. 610 pp.

Pain, S. 1999. Sssss is for danger. New Scientist 164(2216): 34-37.

Parker, M.R.; Kardong, K.V. 2006. The role of airborne and substrate cues from non-envenomated mice during rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) post-strike trailing. Herpetologica 62(4): 349-356.

Parker, M.R.; Kardong, K.V. 2017. Airborne chemical information and context-dependent post-strike foraging behavior in Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus). Copeia 105(4): 649–656.

Pauly, G.B.; Benard, M.F. 2002. Natural history notes: Crotalus viridis oreganus (northern Pacific rattlesnake). Costs of feeding. Herpetological Review 33(1): 56-57.

Pequegnat, W.E. 1951. The biota of the Santa Ana Mountains. Journal Ent. Zool. 42: 1-84.

Poran, N.S.; Coss, R.G.; Benjamini, E. 1987. Resistance of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) to the venom of the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus): a study of adaptive radiation. Toxicon 25(7): 767-777.

Putman, B.J.; Barbour, M.A.; Clark, R.W. 2016. The foraging behavior of free-ranging Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) in California Ground Squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) colonies. Herpetologica 72(1): 55-63.

Putman, B.J.; Clark, R.W. 2015. The fear of unseen predators: ground squirrel tail flagging in the absence of snakes signals vigilance. Behavioral Ecology 26(1): 185-193.

Putman, B.J.; Clark, R.W. 2015. Natural history notes: Crotalus oreganus (Northern Pacific Rattlesnake). Non-rattling tail display. Herpetological Review 46(2): 269-270.

Putman, B.J.; Coss, R.G.; Clark, R.W. 2015. The ontogeny of antipredator behavior: age differences in California Ground Squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi) at multiple stages of rattlesnake encounters. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 69(9): 1447-1457.

Putman, B.J.; Lind, C.; Taylor, E.N. 2013. Does size matter? Factors influencing the spatial ecology of Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus oreganus) in Central California. Copeia 2013(3): 485-492.

Robinson, B.G.; Kardong, K.V. 1991. Relocation of struck prey by venomoid (venom-less) rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis oreganus. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 27(1): 23-30.

Rockhill-Alving, W.; Kardong, K.V. 1994. Aging in snakes: results of long-term captivity on rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) predatory behavior. Zoo Biology 13(6): 537-544.

Rockwell Parker, M.; Kardong, K.V. 2005. Rattlesnakes can use airborne cues during post-strike prey relocation. pp. 397-402. In: Mason, R.T.; LeMaster, M.P.; Mueller-Schwarze, D. (eds.). Chemical signals in vertebrates 10. Springer Science + Business Media, New York. 432 pp.

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Rowe, M.P.; Owings, D.H. 1996. Probing, assessment and management during interactions between ground squirrels (Rodentia: Sciuridae) and rattlesnakes (Squamata: Viperidae). 2. Cues afforded by rattlesnake rattling. Ethology 102(10): 856-874.

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Wallace, R.L.; Diller, L.V. 2001. Variation in emergence, egress, and ingress among life-history stages and sexes of Crotalus viridis oreganus in northern Idaho. Journal of Herpetology 35(4): 583-589.

Wilcox, J.T. 2005. Natural history notes: Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). Diet. Herpetological Review 36(3): 306.

Wiseman, K.D.; Kryzer, B.J. 2015. Natural history notes: Crotalus oreganus (Northern Pacific Rattlesnake). Scavenging. Herpetological Review 46(3): 445-446.

Young, B.A.; Brown, I.P. 1995. The physical basis of the rattling sound in the rattlesnake Crotalus viridis oreganus. Journal of Herpetology 29(1): 80-85.

Young, B.A.; Harris, J. 2006. Auditory sensitivity of the Northern Pacific rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus: do behavioral responses conform to physiological performance? Northwest Science 80(3): 218-223.

Crotalus ornatus

Anderson, C.G.; Greenbaum, E. 2012. Phylogeography of northern populations of the Black-tailed Rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus Baird and Girard, 1853), with the revalidation of C. ornatus Hallowell, 1854. Herpetological Monographs 26: 19-57.

García-Padilla, E.; Herrera-Enríquez, G.S.; Nevárez-de los Reyes, M.; Lazcano, D.; Mata-Silva, V.; Johnson, J.D.; Wilson, L.D. 2016. Distribution notes: Crotalus ornatus Hallowell, 1854. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(3): 778.

Reyes, M.N. de los; Lazcano, D.; Banda-Leal, J. 2016. Geographic distribution: Crotalus ornatus (Eastern Black-tailed Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 47(2): 261.

Crotalus polisi

Meik, J.M.; Schaack, S.; Flores-Villela, O.; Streicher, J.W. 2018. Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular Speckled Rattlesnakes. Journal of Natural History 52(13-26): 989-1016.

Crotalus polystictus

Bañuelos-Alamillo, J.A.; Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Olvera-Rivera, M.A. 2016. Distribution notes: Crotalus polystictus (Cope, 1865). Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(1): 207.

Blair, C.; Sanchez-Ramirez, S. 2016. Diversity-dependent cladogenesis throughout western Mexico: evolutionary biogeography of rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalinae: Crotalus and Sistrurus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 97: 145-154.

Bryson, R.W.; Hartman, D. 2005. An additional observation of aquatic behavior in the Mexican Lance-headed Rattlesnake (Crotalus polystictus). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 41(2): 51-52.

Bryson, R.W.; Rosa Lozano, G.U. de la; Lazcano, D. 2003. Observations on a population of Mexican Lance-headed Rattlesnakes (Crotalus polystictus) from an agricultural area in the Mexican State of Mexico. Herpetological Review 34(4): 313-314.

Calzada-Arciniega, R.A.; Geronimo, R.B.; Recuero, E.; Parra-Olea, G. 2016. Natural history notes: Crotalus polystictus (Mexican Lance-headed Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 47(2): 310.

Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Quintero-Díaz, G.E. 2016. Nature notes: Crotalus polystictus. Diet. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(3): 741-742.

Cruz-Pérez, M.S.; Hernández-Camacho, N.; Padilla-García, U. 2014. [Crotalus polystictus (Cope, 1865) (Reptilia: Viperidae) record in a suburban protected natural area in Queretaro, Mexico]. (In Spanish). Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 30(2): 422-425.

Hardy, D.L. 1982. Envenomation by the Mexican lance-headed rattlesnake Crotalus polystictus: a case report. Toxicon 20(6): 1089-1091.

Hubbard, R.M. 1980. Captive propagation in the lancehead rattlesnake, Crotalus polystictus. Herpetological Review 11(2): 33-34.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1955. Opinion 366. Suppression, under the plenary powers, of the specific name multimaculata Jan 1863, as published in the combination Crotalus lugubris var. multimaculata, for the purpose of rendering the specific name polysticta Cope, 1865, as published in the combination Caudisona polysticta, the oldest available name for the Mexican Lance-headed Rattlesnake (Class Reptilia, Order Squamata). Opinions of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 11: 231-244.

Klauber, L.M. 1952. Proposed use of the plenary powers to preserve the trivial name "polysticta" Cope, 1865 (as published in the combination "Caudisona polysticta" for the Mexican Lance-headed Rattlesnake, by suppressing the trivial name "multimaculata" Jan, 1863 (as published in the combination "Crotalus lugubris var. multimaculata") (class Reptilia, order Squamata). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 6: 236-238.

Lazcano, D.; Peterson, K.; Mercado, H.R.; Galvan, R.D.J. 1994. Notes on Mexican herpetofauna 4: substrate selection in the lance-headed rattlesnake, Crotalus polystictus (Cope). Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29(11): 250-252.

McCranie, J.R. 1976. Crotalus polystictus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 180: 1-2.

Meik, J.M.; Setser, K.; Estrella, M.D.; Lawing, A.M. 2012. Sexual differences in head form and diet in a population of Mexican lance-headed rattlesnakes, Crotalus polystictus. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 106(3): 633-640.

Meik, J.M.; Streicher, J.W.; Estrella, M.D.; Setser, K.; Lazcano, D. 2012. Shallow phylogeographic structure in the declining Mexican Lance-headed Rattlesnake, Crotalus polystictus (Serpentes: Viperidae). Phyllomedusa 11(1): 3-11.

Mociño-Deloya, E.; Setser, K. 2016. Natural history notes: Crotalus polystictus (Mexican Lance-headed Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 47(2): 309.

Mocino-Deloya, E.; Setser, K.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Kardon, A.; Lazcano, D. 2009. Cannibalism of nonviable offspring by postparturient Mexican Lance-headed Rattlesnakes, Crotalus polystictus. Animal Behaviour 77(1): 145-150.

Rubio, M. 1972. In search for the rare cascabel. Herp 8(3-4): 6-15.

Santiago-Pérez, A.L.; Rosas-Espinoza, V.C.; Domínguez-Laso, M.; Rodríguez-Canseco, J.M. 2017. Primer registro de Crotalus polystictus (Squamata: Viperidae) en el Área Natural Protegida Sierra de Quila, Jalisco, México. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (N.S.) 33(1): 108-112.

Santiago-Pérez, A.L.; Rosas-Espinoza, V.C.; Domínguez-Laso, M.; Rodriguez-Canseco, J.M. 2017. Primer registro de Crotalus polystictus (Squamata: Viperidae) en el area natural protegida Sierra de Quila, Jalisco, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 33(1): 108-112

Setser, K.; Mocino-Deloya, E.; Lazcano, D.; Kardon, A. 2009. Natural history notes: Crotalus polystictus (Mexican Lance-headed Rattlesnake). Maximum elevation. Herpetological Review 40(4): 440-441.

Setser, K.; Mociño-Deloya, E.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Lazcano, D.; Kardon, A. 2010. Reproductive ecology of female Mexican lance-headed rattlesnakes. Journal of Zoology (London) 281(3): 175-182.

Smith, H.M.; Pérez-Higareda, G. 1965. A range extension of the lance-headed rattlesnake, Crotalus polystictus. Journal Ohio Herpetological Society 5(3): 56.

Crotalus pricei

Anonymous. 1967. Vacation yields rare rattlesnake. America's First Zoo 19: 26.

Amaral, A. do 1927. Studies of Nearctic Ophidia. 2. Crotalus pricei Van Denburgh 1896 a synonym of C. triseriatus (Wagler) 1830. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 1(2): 48-54.

Axtell, R.W.; Sabath, M.D. 1963. Crotalus pricei miquihuanus from the Sierra Madre of Coahuila, Mexico. Copeia 1963: 161-164.

Ball, J.C.; Legere, R.H.; Holland, D.S.; Bayless, K. 2003. Natural history notes: Crotalus pricei (Twin-Spotted Rattlesnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 34(4): 373.

Bryson, R.W.; Banda, J.; Lazcano, D. 2002. Natural history notes: Crotalus pricei pricei (Twin-Spotted Rattlesnake). Habitat selection. Herpetological Review 33(2): 140.

Bryson, R.W.; Banda, J.; Lazcano, D. 2003. Natural history notes: Crotalus pricei miquihuanus (Miquihuanan Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 34(1): 65-66.

Bryson, R.W.; Lazcano, D. 2003. Crotalus pricei miquihuanus, notes on the natural history and captive husbandry of the Miquihuana rattlesnake. Reptilia (GB) 28: 43-46.

Chaney, A.H.; Liner, E.A. 1986. Life history notes: Crotalus pricei miquihuanus (Miquihuanan Twin-spotted Rattlesnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 17(4): 89.

Chrapliwy, P.S.; Fugler, C.M. 1955. Amphibians and reptiles collected in Mexico in the summer of 1953. Herpetologica 11: 121-128.

Denburgh, J. van 1895. Description of a new rattlesnake (Crotalus pricei) from Arizona. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 2(5): 856-857.

Gumbart, T.C.; Sullivan, K.A. 1990. Predation on yellow-eyed junco nestlings by Twin-spotted Rattlesnakes. Southwestern Naturalist 35(3): 367-368.

Mahaney, P.A. 1997. Natural history notes: Crotalus pricei (Twin-spotted Rattlesnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 28(4): 205.

McCranie, J.R. 1981. Crotalus pricei. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 266 [1980]: 1-2.

Moll, E.O. 2003. V. Crotalus pricei, Van Denburgh, 1895 - Twin-Spotted Rattlesnake. Sonoran Herpetologist 16(12): 110-112.

Muñiz-Martínez, R.; Valdez-Lares, R. 2012. Actualización a los crotálidos de Durango, México. Vertebrata Mexicana 24: 1-9.

Neill, W.T. 1960. The caudal lure of various juvenile snakes. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 23: 173-200.

Prival, D.B. 2000. No pricei is too high - ecology and conservation of the Twin-Spotted Rattlesnake. Sonoran Herpetologist 13(2): 14-18.

Prival, D.B.; Goode, M.J.; Schwalbe, C.R. 2003. Natural history notes: Crotalus pricei (Twin-Spotted Rattlesnake). Winter activity. Herpetological Review 34(3): 250.

Prival, D.B.; Goode, M.J.; Swann, D.E.; Schwalbe, C.R.; Schroff, M.J. 2002. Natural history of a northern population of Twin-Spotted Rattlesnakes, Crotalus pricei. Journal of Herpetology 36(4): 598-607.

Prival, D.B.; Schroff, M.J. 2012. A 13-year study of a northern population of Twin-spotted Rattlesnakes (Crotalus pricei): growth, reproduction, survival, and conservation. Herpetological Monographs 26: 1-18.

Reyes-Velasco, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Jones, J.M.; Price, M.S.; Fisher, J.T. 2012. New distributional records for the herpetofauna of Mexico. Herpetological Review 43(3): 451-453.

Strimple, P. 1994. Crotalus pricei, the Twin-spotted Rattlesnake. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 14(4): 98-101.

Crotalus pusillus

Bryson, R.W.; Linkem, C.W.; Dorcas, M.E.; Lathrop, A.; Jones, J.M.; Alvarado-Díaz, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Murphy, R.W. 2014. Multilocus species delimitation in the Crotalus triseriatus species group (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3826(3): 475–496.

McCranie, J.R. 1983. Crotalus pusillus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 313: 1-2.

Muñoz-Nolasco, F.J.; Cruz-Sáenz, D.; Rodriguez-Ruvalcaba, O.J.; Terrones-Ferreiro, I.E. 2015. Notes on the herpetofauna of western Mexico 12: herpetofauna of a temperate forest in Mazamitla, southeastern Jalisco, Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 50(4): 45-50.

Reyes-Velasco, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Jones, J.M. 2008. Geographic distribution: Crotalus pusillus (Tancitaran Dusky Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 39(2): 240.

Reyes-Velasco, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Jones, J.M.; Price, M.S.; Fisher, J.T. 2012. New distributional records for the herpetofauna of Mexico. Herpetological Review 43(3): 451-453.

Crotalus pyrrhus

Brown, N.L. 2003. Geographic distribution: Crotalus mitchellii pyrrhus (Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake). USA: Arizona. Herpetological Review 34(3): 263.

Denburgh, J. van 1894. Notes on Crotalus mitchellii and Crotalus pyrrhus. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 2(4): 450-455.

Glaudas, X. 2009. Rain-harvesting by the Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii pyrrhus). Southwestern Naturalist 54(4): 518-521.

Hamilton, B.; Warfel, T.; Cage, M. 2011. Geographic distribution: Crotalus mitchellii pyrrhus (Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 42(4): 571.

Hayes, W.K.; Corbit, A.G.; Cardwell, M.D.; Herbert, S.S. 2017. Interfang distances of rattlesnakes: Sexual, interspecific, and body size-related variation, and implications for snakebite research and management. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 28(2): 101-107

Klauber, L.M. 1963. A new insular subspecies of the speckled rattlesnake. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 13: 73-80.

Meik, J.M.; Streicher, J.W.; Lawing, A.M.; Flores-Villela, O.; Fujita, M.K. 2015. Limitations of climatic data for inferring species boundaries: insights from Speckled Rattlesnakes. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0131435.

Moore, R.G. 1978. Seasonal and daily activity patterns and thermoregulation in the southwestern speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchelli pyrrhus) and the Colorado Desert sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes laterorepens). Copeia 1978(3): 439-442.

Pequegnat, W.E. 1951. The biota of the Santa Ana Mountains. Journal Ent. Zool. 42: 1-84.

Seib, R.L. 1978. Geographic distribution: Crotalus mitchelli pyrrhus. Mexico: Baja California Norte: Isla Piojo. Herpetological Review 9(1): 22.

Smith, P.W.; Hensley, M.M. 1959. Notes on a small collection of amphibians and reptiles from the vicinity of the Pinacate lava cap in north-western Sonora, Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 61: 64-76.

Strimple, P. 1994. Captive birth of southwestern speckled rattlesnakes, Crotalus mitchelli pyrrhus (Cope). Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 14(5): 142-144.

Tai-A-Pin, J.H.; Olivier, R. 2013. [A red bucket with white rattlesnakes, Crotalus mitchellii pyrrhus (Cope, 1866)]. (In Dutch). Lacerta 71(4): 156-169.

Tanner, W.W. 1960. Crotalus mitchelli pyrrhus Cope in Utah. Herpetologica 16: 140.

Woodbury, A.M.; Hardy, R. 1947. The speckled rattlesnake in N.W. Arizona. Herpetologica 3(5): 169.

Crotalus ravus

Bryson, R.W.; Jones, J.M.; Grünwald, C.I. 2011. Geographic distribution: Crotalus ravus ravus (Central Plateau Pygmy Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 42(3): 393.

Bryson, R.W.; Linkem, C.W.; Dorcas, M.E.; Lathrop, A.; Jones, J.M.; Alvarado-Díaz, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Murphy, R.W. 2014. Multilocus species delimitation in the Crotalus triseriatus species group (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3826(3): 475–496.

Bucio-Jiménez, L.E.; Pérez-Mendoza, H.A. 2016. Nature notes: Crotalus ravus (Cope, 1865). Predation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(4): 1019-1020.

Campbell, J.A.; Armstrong, B.L. 1979. Geographic variation in the Mexican pygmy rattlesnake, Sistrurus ravus, with the description of a new subspecies. Herpetologica 35(4): 304-317.

Campos-Rodriguez, J.I.; Mendoza-Quijano, F. 2004. Geographic distribution: Crotalus ravus (Mexican Pygmy Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 35(3): 291.

Díaz de la Vega-Pérez, A.H.; Laguna-Millán, D.; Cervantes-Badillo, R.; Gómez-Campos, J.E.; Ancona, S. 2016. Nature notes: Crotalus ravus. Diet. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(3): 742-743.

Domínguez-Godoy, M.A.; Barrios-Montiel, R.; Bautista, A.; Díaz de la Vega-Pérez, A.H. 2017. Nature notes: Crotalus ravus. Diet and accidental mortality involving a Sceloporus spinosus. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(2): 426-428.

Harris, H.S.; Simmons, R.S. 1978. A preliminary account of the rattlesnakes with the descriptions of four new subspecies. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 14(3): 105-211.

Martin del Campo, R. 1941. Nota sobre el segundo hallazgo de Sistrurus ravus en el Distrito Federal. Anales del Instituto de Biologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Serie Zoologia 12(2): 762.

McCranie, J.R. 1988. Description of the hemipenis of Sistrurus ravus (Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetologica 44(1): 123-126.

Mendoza-Hernandez, A.A.; Flores-Villela, O.A.; Mocino-Deloya, E.; Sanchez Herrera, O. 2004. Natural history notes: Crotalus ravus (Mexican Pygmy Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 35(1): 63-64.

Mendoza-Quijano, F.; Bryson, R.W.; Deloya, E.M.; Salguero-Melo, A.A.; Mendoza-Paz, R.F. 2008. Natural history notes: Crotalus ravus (Mexican Pygmy Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 39(3): 353-354.

Solano-Zavaleta, I.; García-Vázquez, U.O.; Calderon-Espinosa, M.L. 2008. Natural history notes: Crotalus ravus (Mexican Pygmy Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 39(4): 469.

Valencia-Hernandez, A.A.; Goyenechea, I.; Castillo-Ceron, J.M. 2007. Notes on scutellation, length, and distribution of rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 23(3): 29-33.

Yanez-Arenas, C.; Townsend, P.A.; Mokondoko, P.; Rojas-Soto, O.; Martínez-Meyer, E. 2014. The use of ecological niche modeling to infer potential risk areas of snakebite in the Mexican state of Veracruz. PLoS ONE 9(6): e100957.

Crotalus ruber

Amaral, A. do 1929. Studies of Nearctic Ophidia. III. Notes on Crotalus tigris (Kennicott). IV. On Crotalus tortugensis Van Denburgh & Slevin, Crotalus atrox elegans Schmidt, and Crotalus atrox lucasensis (Van Denburgh). V. On Crotalus confluentus Say and its allied forms. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 2: 82-97.

Arnaud, G.; Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Rodríguez-Canseco, J.M.; Ferreyra, E. 2014. Primeros registros de la cascabel roja (Crotalus ruber) en la isla Coronados, golfo de California, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85(1): 322-324.

Beaman, K.R.; Dugan, E.A. 2006. Crotalus ruber. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 840: 1-17.

Brattstrom, B.H. 1999. Comments on the proposed precedence of the specific name of Crotalus ruber Cope, 1892 over that of Crotalus exsul Garman, 1884 (Reptilia, Serpentes). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(2): 149.

Clarke, G.K. 1961. Report on a bite by a Red Diamond Rattlesnake, Crotalus ruber ruber. Copeia 1961(4): 418-422.

Cornett, J.W. 1979. Geographic distribution: Crotalus ruber (Red Diamond Rattlesnake). USA: California: Riverside Co. Herpetological Review 10(4): 119.

Denburgh, J. van 1920. Description of a new speces of rattlesnake (Crotalus lucasensis) from Lower California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 10: 29-30.

Dugan, E.A.; Anderson, B.; Anderson, P.; Najera, M. 2017. Natural history notes: Crotalus ruber (Red Diamond Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 48(1): 210.

Dugan, E.A.; Daniels, B.; Torre, G. de la 2017. Natural history notes: Crotalus ruber (Red Diamond Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 48(1): 210.

Dugan, E.A.; Hayes, W.K. 2012. Diet and feeding ecology of the Red Diamond Rattlesnake, Crotalus ruber (Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetologica 68(2): 203-217.

Goldberg, S.R. 1999. Reproduction in the red diamond rattlesnake in California. California Fish and Game 85(4): 177-180.

Goodrich, R.L.; Murphy, R.W.; Nyhan, J.; Wong, M.J. 1978. Geographic distribution: Crotalus ruber lucasensis. Mexico: Baja California Sur: Isla Danzante. Herpetological Review 9(3): 108.

Greenberg, D.B.; McClintock, W.J. 2008. Remember the third dimension: terrain modeling improves estimates of snake home range size. Copeia 2008(4): 801-806.

Grismer, L.L.; McGuire, J.A.; Hollingsworth, B.D. 1994. A report on the herpetofauna of the Vizcaino Peninsula, Baja California, Mexico, with a discussion of its biogeographic and taxonomic implications. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 93(2): 45-80.

Harris, H.S.; Simmons, R.S. 1978. A preliminary account of the rattlesnakes with the descriptions of four new subspecies. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 14(3): 105-211.

Hayes, W.K.; Corbit, A.G.; Cardwell, M.D.; Herbert, S.S. 2017. Interfang distances of rattlesnakes: Sexual, interspecific, and body size-related variation, and implications for snakebite research and management. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 28(2): 101-107

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2000. Opinion 1960 (Case 3005). Crotalus ruber Cope, 1892 (Reptilia, Serpentes): specific name given precedence over that of Crotalus exsul Garman, 1884. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 57(3): 189-190.

Klauber, L.M. 1929. Range extensions in California. Copeia 1929(170): 15-22.

Klauber, L.M. 1930. Differential characteristics of southwestern Rattlesnakes allied to Crotalus atrox. Bulletin of the Zoological Society of San Diego 6: 1-58.

Klauber, L.M. 1949. The relationship of Crotalus ruber and Crotalus lucasensis. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 11(5): 57-60.

Minton, S.A. 1999. Comments on the proposed precedence of the specific name of Crotalus ruber Cope, 1892 over that of Crotalus exsul Garman, 1884 (Reptilia, Serpentes). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(2): 148.

Murphy, R.W. 1999. Comments on the proposed precedence of the specific name of Crotalus ruber Cope, 1892 over that of Crotalus exsul Garman, 1884 (Reptilia, Serpentes). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(2): 149.

Murphy, R.W.; Kovac, V.; Haddrath, O.; Allen, G.S.; Fishbein, A.; Mandrak, N.E. 1995. mtDNA gene sequence, allozyme, and morphological uniformity among red diamond rattlesnakes, Crotalus ruber and Crotalus exsul. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73(2): 270-281.

Olson, R.E. 1999. Comments on the proposed precedence of the specific name of Crotalus ruber Cope, 1892 over that of Crotalus exsul Garman, 1884 (Reptilia, Serpentes). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(2): 148.

Patten, R.B.; Banta, B.H. 1980. A rattlesnake, Crotalus ruber, feeds on a road-killed animal. Journal of Herpetology 14(1): 111-112.

Pequegnat, W.E. 1951. The biota of the Santa Ana Mountains. Journal Ent. Zool. 42: 1-84.

Perkins, C.B. 1944. Notes of captive-bred snakes. Copeia 1943 [1944]: 108-112.

Ramirez Bautista, A.; Espinal, J.L. 1999. Comments on the proposed precedence of the specific name of Crotalus ruber Cope, 1892 over that of Crotalus exsul Garman, 1884 (Reptilia, Serpentes). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(2): 149.

Schuett, G.W.; Hoss, S.K.; Rice, S.E. 2012. Natural history notes: Crotalus atrox (Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake), Crotalus ruber (Red Diamond Rattlesnake). Loss of rattle and style/matrix. Herpetological Review 43(2): 341-342.

Smith, H.M.; Brown, L.E.; Chiszar, D.; Grismer, L.L.; Allen, G.S.; Fishbein, A.; Hollingsworth, B.D.; McGuire, J.A.; Wallach, V.; Strimple, P.; Liner, E.A. 1998. Case 3005. Crotalus ruber Cope, 1892 (Reptilia, Serpentes): proposed precedence of the specific name over that of Crotalus exsul Garman, 1884. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(4): 229-232.

Tanner, W.W. 1999. Comments on the proposed precedence of the specific name of Crotalus ruber Cope, 1892 over that of Crotalus exsul Garman, 1884 (Reptilia, Serpentes). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(2): 148.

Tevis, L. 1944. Field notes on a red rattlesnake in Lower California. Copeia 1943 [1944]: 242-245.

Tracey, J.A.; Zhu, J.; Crooks, K. 2005. A set of nonlinear regression models for animal movement in response to a single landscape feature. Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics 10(1): 1-18.

Wong, H. 1997. Comments on the snake records of Chilomeniscus cinctus, Crotalus exsul, and C. mitchellii from Islas Magdalena and Santa Margarita, Baja California, Mexico. Herpetological Review 28(4): 188-189.

Crotalus scutulatus

Aird, S.D.; Thirkhill, L.J.; Seebart, C.S.; Kaiser, I.I. 1989. Venoms and morphology of western diamondback/Mojave Rattlesnake hybrids. Journal of Herpetology 23(2): 131-141.

Bartholomew, B.; Nohavec, R.D. 1995. Saltation in snakes with a note on escape saltation in a Crotalus scutulatus. Great Basin Naturalist 55(3): 282-283.

Bieber, A.L.; Tu, T.; Tu, A.T. 1975. Studies of an acidic cardiotoxin isolated from the venom of Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 400(1): 178-188.

Brown, A.E. 1903. Note on Crotalus scutulatus Kenn. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 55: 625.

Brown, J.F.W.; Marden, W.M.; Hardy, D.L. 2000. Natural history notes: Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mohave Rattlesnakes). Defensive behavior. Herpetological Review 31(1): 45.

Brown, N.L. 2003. Geographic distribution: Crotalus scutulatus (Mojave Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 34(2): 168.

Brown, N.L. 2003. Geographic distribution: Crotalus scutulatus (Mojave Rattlesnake). USA: Arizona. Herpetological Review 34(3): 263.

Bush, S.P.; Cardwell, M.D. 1999. Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) identification. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine 10(1): 6-9.

Campbell, J.A. 1979. Crotalus scutulatus (Viperidae) in Jalisco, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 24(4): 693-694.

Cardwell, M.D. 2005. Natural history notes: Crotalus scutulatus (Mohave Rattlesnake). Behavior. Herpetological Review 36(2): 192.

Cardwell, M.D. 2006. Rain-harvesting in a wild population of Crotalus s. scutulatus (Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetological Review 37(2): 142-144.

Cardwell, M.D. 2008. The reproductive ecology of Mohave Rattlesnakes. Journal of Zoology (London) 274(1): 65-76.

Cardwell, M.D.; Alexander, B. 2006. Natural history notes: Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mohave Rattlesnake). Albinism. Herpetological Review 37(4): 477.

Cardwell, M.D.; Banashek, J. 2006. Natural history notes: Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mohave Rattlesnake). Morphology. Herpetological Review 37(4): 477.

Cardwell, M.D.; Gotte, S.W.; McDiarmid, R.W.; Gilmore, N.; Poindexter, J.A. 2013. Type specimens of Crotalus scutulatus (Chordata: Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) re-examined, with new evidence after more than a century of confusion. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 126(1): 11-16.

Cook, S.F. 1955. Rattlesnake hybrids: Crotalus viridis x Crotalus scutulatus. Copeia 1955(2): 139-141.

Davis, D.R.; Cardwell, M.D. 2017. Natural history notes: Crotalus scutulatus (Mohave Rattlesnake). Arboreality and climbing behavior. Herpetological Review 48(3): 670-671.

Dominguez-Laso, M.; Padilla-Garcia, U.; Perez-Ramos, E.; Quijada-Mascarenas, J.A. 2007. Geographic distribution: Crotalus scutulatus salvini (Humantlan Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 38(4): 485.

Glenn, J.L.; Lawler, H.E. 1987. Life history notes: Crotalus scutulatus salvini (Huamantlan Rattlesnake). Behavior. Herpetological Review 18(1): 15-16.

Glenn, J.L.; Straight, R. 1978. Mojave rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus venom: variation in toxicity with geographical origin. Toxicon 16(1): 81-84.

Glenn, J.L.; Straight, R.C. 1989. Intergradation of two different venom populations of the Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) in Arizona. Toxicon 27(4): 411-418.

Goldberg, S.R.; Rosen, P.C. 2000. Reproduction in the Mojave Rattlesnake, Crotalus scutulatus (Serpentes: Viperidae). Texas Journal of Science 52(2): 101-109.

Hardy, D.L. 1983. Envenomation by the Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) in southern Arizona, USA. Toxicon 21(1): 111-118.

Hardy, D.L. 1998. Male-male copulation in captive Mojave rattlesnakes (Crotalus s. scutulatus): its possible significance in understanding the behavior and physiology of crotaline copulation. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 33(12): 258-262.

Hayes, W.K.; Corbit, A.G.; Cardwell, M.D.; Herbert, S.S. 2017. Interfang distances of rattlesnakes: Sexual, interspecific, and body size-related variation, and implications for snakebite research and management. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 28(2): 101-107

Hensley, M.M. 1950. Results of a herpetological reconnaissance in extreme southwestern Arizona and adjacent Sonora, with a description of a new subspecies of the Sonoran whipsnake, Masticophis bilineatus. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 53: 270-288.

Jacob, J.S. 1977. An evaluation of the possibility of hybridization between the rattlesnakes Crotalus atrox and C. scutulatus in the southwestern United States. Southwestern Naturalist 22(4): 469-485.

Jacob, J.S.; Williams, S.R.; Reynolds, R.P. 1987. Reproductive activity of male Crotalus atrox and C. scutulatus (Reptilia: Viperidae) in northeastern Chihuahua, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 32(2): 273-276.

Klauber, L.M. 1930. Differential characteristics of southwestern Rattlesnakes allied to Crotalus atrox. Bulletin of the Zoological Society of San Diego 6: 1-58.

Kraus, F.; Schuett, G.W. 1980. Geographic distribution: Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus. Herpetological Review 11(3): 81.

Liner, E.A. 1964. Notes on four small herpetological collections from Mexico. I. Introduction, turtles and snakes. Southwestern Naturalist 8: 221-227.

Liner, E.A.; Johnson, R.M.; Chaney, A.H. 1976. Amphibian and reptile records and range extensions for Mexico. Herpetological Review 7(4): 177.

Matias Ferrer, N.; Murillo, S. 2004. Geographic distribution: Crotalus scutulatus (Mojave Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 35(2): 191.

McCoy, C.J. 1961. Birth season and young of Crotalus scutulatus and Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus. Herpetologica 17: 140.

Medica, P.A. 2009. Natural history notes: Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave Rattlesnake). Defensive behavior/saltation and head hiding. Herpetological Review 40(1): 95-97.

Mellink, E. 1990. Life history notes: Crotalus scutulatus (Mohave Rattlesnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 21(4): 93.

Mendelson, J.R.; Jennings, W.B. 1992. Shifts in the relative abundance of snakes in a desert grassland. Journal of Herpetology 26(1): 38-45.

Mrinalini; Hicks, J.J.; Wüster, W. 2015. Natural history notes: Crotalus scutulatus (Mohave Rattlesnake). Maximum size. Herpetological Review 46(2): 270-271.

Muñiz-Martínez, R.; Valdez-Lares, R. 2012. Actualización a los crotálidos de Durango, México. Vertebrata Mexicana 24: 1-9.

Murphy, R.W.; Crabtree, C.B. 1988. Genetic identification of a natural hybrid rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus X C. viridis viridis. Herpetologica 44(1): 119-123.

Nadeau, M.R. 1978. Geographic distribution: Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus. USA: Utah: Washington Co. Herpetological Review 9(4): 142.

Nevares, M.; Quijada Mascarenas, A. 1989. Life history notes: Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave Rattlesnake). Mating behavior. Herpetological Review 20(3): 71.

Peña-Peniche, A.; Lazcano, D.; Ruvalcaba-Ortega, I.; Wilson, L.D. 2017. Nature notes: Crotalus scutulatus (Kennicot, 1861). Diet. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(3): 644-648.

Plummer, M.V. 2000. Natural history notes: Crotalus scutulatus (Mojave Rattlesnake). Thermal stress. Herpetological Review 31(2): 104-105.

Pough, H. 1966. Ecological relationships of rattlesnakes in southeastern Arizona with notes on other species. Copeia 1966: 676-683.

Powell, R.; Inboden, M.; Smith, D.D. 1990. Erstnachweis von Hybriden zwischen den Klapperschlangen Crotalus cerastes laterorepens Klauber, 1944 und Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Kennicott, 1861). Salamandra 26(4): 319-320.

Pozarowski, K.; Herrmann, H.W. 2009. Effects of fragmentation on rattlesnake populations in a human-dominated landscape. Sonoran Herpetologist 22(6): 66-67.

Price, A.H. 1982. Crotalus scutulatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 291: 1-2.

Reese, R.W. 1971. Notes on a small herpetological collection from northeastern Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 5: 67-69.

Sanchez-Herrera, O.; Lopez-Ortega, G. 1987. Noteworthy records of amphibians and reptiles from Tlaxcala, Mexico. Herpetological Review 18(2): 41.

Schuett, G.W.; Carlisle, S.L.; Holycross, A.T.; O'Leile, J.K.; Hardy, D.L.; Kirk, E.A. van; Murdoch, W.J. 2002. Mating system of male Mojave Rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus): seasonal timing of mating, agonistic behavior, spermatogenesis, sexual segment of the kidney, and plasma sex steroids. pp. 515-532. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp.

Sifford, C.A.; Sifford, D.H.; Johnson, B.D. 1996. Acid phosphatase and proteinase activities of selected crotalid venoms. Saas Bulletin Biochemistry and Biotechnology 9: 9-16.

Smith, P.W.; Hensley, M.M. 1959. Notes on a small collection of amphibians and reptiles from the vicinity of the Pinacate lava cap in north-western Sonora, Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 61: 64-76.

Strimple, P. 1993. Captive birth of Mojave rattlesnakes, Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 13(5): 166-168.

Valencia-Hernandez, A.A.; Goyenechea, I.; Castillo-Ceron, J.M. 2007. Notes on scutellation, length, and distribution of rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 23(3): 29-33.

Whorley, J.R. 2000. Keys to partial mammals: a method for identifying prey items from snakes. Herpetological Review 31(4): 227-229.

Wilkinson, J.A.; Glenn, J.L.; Straight, R.C.; Sites, J.W. 1991. Distribution and genetic variation in venom A and B populations of the Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) in Arizona. Herpetologica 47(1): 54-68.

Woodbury, A.M.; Hardy, R. 1947. The Mohave rattlesnake in Utah. Copeia 1947: 66.

Crotalus simus

Blair, C.; Sanchez-Ramirez, S. 2016. Diversity-dependent cladogenesis throughout western Mexico: evolutionary biogeography of rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalinae: Crotalus and Sistrurus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 97: 145-154.

Luja, V.H.; Ramirez-Bautista, A.; Sanvicente, M. 2005. Natural history notes: Crotalus simus tzabcan (Neotropical Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 36(2): 192-193.

Mata-Silva, V.; García-Padilla, E.; Desantis, D.L.; Rocha, A.; Wilson, L.D.; Simón-Salvador, P.R.; Mayoral-Halla, C.; Montiel-Altamirano, B.F.; Ramírez-Bautista, A. 2017. Distribution notes: New herpetofaunal distribution records for the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(3): 679-683.

Neri Castro, E.E.; Montalban Huidobro, C.A.; Arechaga Ocampo, S. 2012. Natural history notes: Drymarchon melanurus (Central American Indigo Snake). Diet. Herpetological Review 43(4): 659.

Solórzano, A.; Cerdas, L. 1988. Biologia reproductiva de la cascabel centroamericana Crotalus durissus durissus (Serpentes: Viperidae) en Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 36(2a): 221-226.

Villa, J. 1981. Life history notes: Three albino snakes. Herpetological Review 12(3): 81.

Yanez-Arenas, C.; Townsend, P.A.; Mokondoko, P.; Rojas-Soto, O.; Martínez-Meyer, E. 2014. The use of ecological niche modeling to infer potential risk areas of snakebite in the Mexican state of Veracruz. PLoS ONE 9(6): e100957.

Crotalus stejnegeri

Collins, J.T. 1982. Crotalus stejnegeri. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 303: 1-2.

Dunn, E.R. 1919. Two new crotaline snakes from western Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32: 213-216.

Heiden, A.M. van der; Flores-Villela, O.A. 2013. New records of the rare Sinaloan Long-tailed Rattlesnake, Crotalus stejnegeri, from southern Sinaloa, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84(4): 1343-1348.

Jadin, R.C.; Reyes-Velasco, J.; Smith, E.N. 2010. Hemipenes of the long-tailed rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae) from Mexico. Phyllomedusa 9(1): 69-73.

Muñiz-Martínez, R.; Valdez-Lares, R. 2012. Actualización a los crotálidos de Durango, México. Vertebrata Mexicana 24: 1-9.

Reyes-Velasco, J.; Meik, J.M.; Smith, E.N.; Castoe, T.A. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic longtailed rattlesnakes (Crotalus ericsmithi, C. lannomi, and C. stejnegeri). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69(3): 524-534.

Villa, R.A.; Uriarte-Garzón, P. 2011. Geographic distribution: Crotalus stejnegeri (Long-tailed Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 42(4): 572.

Crotalus stephensi

Douglas, M.E.; Douglas, M.R.; Schuett, G.W.; Porras, L.W.; Thomason, B.L. 2007. Genealogical concordance between mitochondrial and nuclear DNAs supports species recognition of the Panamint Rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii stephensi). Copeia 2007(4): 920-932.

Klauber, L.M. 1935. A new subspecies of Crotalus confluentus, the prairie rattlesnake. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 8: 75-90.

Klauber, L.M. 1963. A new insular subspecies of the speckled rattlesnake. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 13: 73-80.

Lawing, A.M.; Meik, J.M.; David, P.P. 2012. Climate and competition shape species' borders: a study of the Panamint (Crotalus stephensi) and Speckled (Crotalus mitchellii) Rattlesnakes. ISRN Zoology (Article ID 528745): 1-6.

Meik, J.M. 2005. Natural history notes: Crotalus mitchellii stephensi (Panamint Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 36(1): 68.

Crotalus tancitarensis

Alvarado Diaz, J.; Campbell, J.A. 2004. A new montane rattlesnake (Viperidae) from Michoacan, Mexico. Herpetologica 60(2): 281-286.

Alvarado-Diaz, J.; Estrada-Virgen, A.; Suazo-Ortuño, I. 2007. Natural history notes on Crotalus tancitarensis (Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetological Review 38(2): 155-157.

Crotalus thalassoporus

Meik, J.M.; Schaack, S.; Flores-Villela, O.; Streicher, J.W. 2018. Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular Speckled Rattlesnakes. Journal of Natural History 52(13-26): 989-1016.

Crotalus tigris

Amaral, A. do 1929. Studies of Nearctic Ophidia. III. Notes on Crotalus tigris (Kennicott). IV. On Crotalus tortugensis Van Denburgh & Slevin, Crotalus atrox elegans Schmidt, and Crotalus atrox lucasensis (Van Denburgh). V. On Crotalus confluentus Say and its allied forms. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 2: 82-97.

Amarello, M.A.; Goode, M. 2004. Natural history notes: Crotalus tigris (Tiger Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 35(2): 177.

Babb, R.D. 2003. Geographic distribution: Crotalus tigris (Tiger Rattlesnake). USA: Arizona. Herpetological Review 34(3): 264.

Badman, J.A. 2001. Geographic distribution: Crotalus tigris (Tiger Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 32(3): 194.

Davis, W.B.; Dixon, J.R. 1957. Notes on Mexican snakes (Ophidia). Southwestern Naturalist 2(1): 19-27.

Goldberg, S.R. 1999. Reproduction in the Tiger Rattlesnake, Crotalus tigris (Serpentes: Viperidae). Texas Journal of Science 51(1): 31-36.

Holycross, A.T. 1998. Geographic distribution: Crotalus tigris (Tiger Rattlesnake). USA: Arizona: Cochise Co. Herpetological Review 29(2): 111.

Howland, J.M.; Enderson, E.F.; Bezy, R.L.; Sigafus, B.H.; Titcomb, A. 2002. Geographic distribution: Crotalus tigris (Tiger Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 33(2): 149.

Klauber, L.M. 1931. Crotalus tigris and Crotalus enyo, two little-known rattlesnakes of the Southwest. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 6: 353-370.

Morris, M.C. 2016. Geographic distribution: Crotalus tigris (Tiger Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 47(2): 261.

Painter, C.W.; Milensky, C.M. 1993. Geographic distribution: Crotalus tigris (Tiger Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 24(4): 155-156.

Pavlik, S. 2007. Arboreal behavior in the Tiger Rattlesnake (Crotalus tigris). Sonoran Herpetologist 20(5): 56.

Smith, H.M.; Chrapliwy, P.S. 1958. New and noteworthy Mexican herptiles from the Lidicker Collection. Herpetologica 13: 267-271.

Zweifel, R.G.; Norris, K.S. 1955. Contribution to the herpetology of Sonora, Mexico: descriptions of new subspecies of snakes (Micruroides euryxanthus and Lampropeltis getulus) and miscellaneous collecting notes. American Midland Naturalist 54: 230-249.

Crotalus tlaloci

Bryson, R.W.; Linkem, C.W.; Dorcas, M.E.; Lathrop, A.; Jones, J.M.; Alvarado-Díaz, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Murphy, R.W. 2014. Multilocus species delimitation in the Crotalus triseriatus species group (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3826(3): 475–496.

Crotalus tortugensis

Amaral, A. do 1929. Studies of Nearctic Ophidia. III. Notes on Crotalus tigris (Kennicott). IV. On Crotalus tortugensis Van Denburgh & Slevin, Crotalus atrox elegans Schmidt, and Crotalus atrox lucasensis (Van Denburgh). V. On Crotalus confluentus Say and its allied forms. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 2: 82-97.

Beaman, K.R.; Spencer, C.L. 2004. Crotalus tortugensis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 798: 1-5.

Beaman, K.R.; Spencer, C.L. 2004. The Tortuga Island Rattlesnake (Crotalus tortugensis). Iguana (West Hartford) 11(2): 87.

García-Padilla, E.; Arnaud, G.; Cruz, O.; Gracia, M.L. 2011. Natural history notes: Crotalus tortugensis (Tortuga Island Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 42(1): 98-99.

Klauber, L.M. 1930. Differential characteristics of southwestern Rattlesnakes allied to Crotalus atrox. Bulletin of the Zoological Society of San Diego 6: 1-58.

Crotalus totonacus

Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Quintero-Díaz, G.E.; Martínez-de la Vega, G. 2017. Nature notes: Crotalus totonacus Gloyd and Kauffeld, 1940. Diet. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(3): 649-650.

Farr, W.L.; Nevárez-de los Reyes, M.; Banda-Leal, J.; Lazcano, D. 2015. The distribution of Crotalus totonacus in Nuevo León, Mexico. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2(3): 243-251.

Farr, W.L.; Nevárez-de los Reyes, M.; Lazcano, D.; Ortiz-Hernández, S.E. 2015. Natural history notes: Crotalus totonacus (Totonacan Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 46(1): 103.

Frías, J.R.; Fernández-Badillo, L.; Aguilar-López, M.; Ángeles Escudero, J.I. 2015. Geographic distribution: Crotalus totonacus (Totonacan rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 46(2): 219.

Gloyd, H.K.; Kauffeld, C.F. 1940. A new rattlesnake from Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 6(2): 11-14.

Santillán-Moreno, L.A.; Quintero-Díaz, G.E.; Carbajal-Márquez, R.A. 2018. Distribution notes: Crotalus totonacus Gloyd and Kauffeld, 1940. Mesoamerican Herpetology 5(1): 188-189.

Valencia-Hernandez, A.A.; Goyenechea, I.; Castillo-Ceron, J.M. 2007. Notes on scutellation, length, and distribution of rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 23(3): 29-33.

Yanez-Arenas, C.; Townsend, P.A.; Mokondoko, P.; Rojas-Soto, O.; Martínez-Meyer, E. 2014. The use of ecological niche modeling to infer potential risk areas of snakebite in the Mexican state of Veracruz. PLoS ONE 9(6): e100957.

Crotalus transversus

Bryson, R.W.; Lazcano, D. 2004. A longevity record for the Mexican Cross-banded Mountain Rattlesnake (Crotalus transversus). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 40(4): 196-198.

Camarillo-Rangel, J.L.; Campbell, J.A. 1993. A second confirmed population of the rare Mexican rattlesnake, Crotalus transversus (Serpentes: Viperidae). Texas Journal of Science 45(2): 178-179.

Campbell, J.A. 1988. Crotalus transversus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 450: 1-3.

Centenero-Alcalá, E.; García-Vázquez, U.O.; Mendoza-Hernández, A.A.; Zamora-Abrego, J.G.; Jiménez-Arcos, V.H. 2010. Geographic distribution: Crotalus transversus (Cross-banded Mountain Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 41(4): 515-516.

García-Vázquez, U.O.; Salano-Zavaleta, I.; Nieto-Montes de Oca, A. 2008. Geographic distribution: Crotalus transversus (Cross-banded Mountain Rattlesnake). Mexico: Distrito Federal. Herpetological Review 39(4): 484.

Heimes, P.; Aguilar-Cortes, R. 2004. Verbreitung und Typus-Fundort von Crotalus transversus Taylor, 1944. Salamandra 40(1): 91-96.

Strimple, P. 1995. Crotalus transversus Taylor 1944, the cross-banded mountain rattlesnake. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 15(2): 31-39.

Strimple, P. 1995. Mexico's cross-banded mountain rattlesnake. Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1995(May-June): 46-51.

Taylor, E.H. 1944. Two new species of crotalid snakes from Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 30(1): 47-56.

Crotalus triseriatus

Bryson, R.W. 2006. Geographic distribution: Crotalus triseriatus triseriatus (Mexican Dusky Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 37(4): 497.

Bryson, R.W.; Linkem, C.W.; Dorcas, M.E.; Lathrop, A.; Jones, J.M.; Alvarado-Díaz, J.; Grünwald, C.I.; Murphy, R.W. 2014. Multilocus species delimitation in the Crotalus triseriatus species group (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3826(3): 475–496.

Bryson, R.W.; Murphy, R.W.; Lathrop, A.; Lazcano-Villareal, D. 2011. Evolutionary drivers of phylogeographical diversity in the highlands of Mexico: a case study of the Crotalus triseriatus species group of montane rattlesnakes. Journal of Biogeography 38(4): 697-710.

Cruz-Saenz, D.; García-Mata, E.S.; Lazcano, D. 2013. Notes on the herpetofauna of western Mexico 11: a range extension for the Mexican Dusky Rattlesnake, Crotalus triseriatus, in Jalisco, Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 48(10): 135-136.

Domínguez-Guerrero, S.F.; Fernández-Badillo, L. 2016. Natural history notes: Crotalus triseriatus (Mexican Dusky Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 47(1): 144-145.

Dorcas, M.E. 1992. Relationships among montane populations of Crotalus lepidus and Crotalus triseriatus. pp. 71-87. In: Campbell, J.A. & Brodie, E.D. (eds.). Biology of the pitvipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas. 467 pp.

Fernández-Badillo, L.; Jiménez-Villegas, J.L.; González-Bonilla, G.T.; Morales-Capellán, N.; Ramírez-Cruz, M.B.; Hernández-Silva, D.A. 2017. Distribution notes: Crotalus triseriatus Wagler, 1830. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(4): 969-971.

Fernández-Badillo, L.; Tepango-Benítez, A.H.; González-Bonilla, G.T.; Jiménez-Villegas, J.L.; Morales-Capellán, N.; Ramírez-Cruz, M.B.; Hernández-Silva, D.A. 2018. Distribution notes: Crotalus triseriatus Wagler, 1830. Mesoamerican Herpetology 5(1): 190-190.

García-Vázquez, U.O.; Güizado-Rodríguez, M.A. 2008. Crotalus triseriatus (dusky rattlesnake): body temperature. Herpetological Bulletin 105: 42-43.

Godambe, A.; Mocino-Deloya, E.; Setser, K.; Lazcano, D.; Kardon, A. 2009. Natural history notes: Crotalus triseriatus (Mexican Dusky Rattlesnake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 40(4): 441.

Güizado-Rodríguez, M.A.; Duifhuis-Rivera, C.; Maceda-Cruz, R.J.; Solano-Zavaleta, I.; García-Vázquez, U.O. 2016. Nature notes: Notes on the diet of the Mexican Dusky Rattlesnake, Crotalus triseriatus (Viperidae). Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(3): 743-746.

Harris, H.S.; Simmons, R.S. 1978. A preliminary account of the rattlesnakes with the descriptions of four new subspecies. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 14(3): 105-211.

Hernández-Hernández, S.; Fernández-Badillo, L.; Aguilar-Bautista, J.E. 2015. Distribution notes: Crotalus triseriatus (Wagler, 1830). Mesoamerican Herpetology 2(4): 556-557.

Lemos-Espinal, J.A.; Ballinger, R.E. 1992. Life history notes: Barisia imbricata imbricata (NCN). Predation. Herpetological Review 23(4): 117.

León, O.I.M.V.; Manjarrez, J. 2017. Natural history notes: Spea multiplicata (Mexican Spadefoot). Predation. Herpetological Review 48(3): 615.

Mocino-Deloya, E.; Setser, K. 2009. Natural history notes: Crotalus triseriatus (Mexican Dusky Rattlesnake). Cannibalism. Herpetological Review 40(4): 441.

Mociño-Deloya, E.; Setser, K.W.; Pérez-Ramos, E. 2014. Observations on the diet of Crotalus triseriatus (Mexican Dusky Rattlesnake). Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85(4): 1289-1291.

Montiel-Canales, G.; Lara-Tufiño, J.D.; Mayer-Goyenechea, I.G. 2017. Geographic distribution: Crotalus triseriatus (Mexican Dusky Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 48(4): 813.

Pérez-Mendoza, H.A.; Sanabria-Tobón, S.R.; Jaramillo-Alba, J.L.; Solano-Zavaleta, I.; Vázquez-Vega, L.F.; Vega-Pérez, A.H.D. de la 2018. Reproductive traits of Dusky Rattlesnakes (Crotalus triseriatus) in Central Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 52(1): 6-11.

Taylor, E.H. 1944. Two new species of crotalid snakes from Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 30(1): 47-56.

Valencia-Hernandez, A.A.; Goyenechea, I.; Castillo-Ceron, J.M. 2007. Notes on scutellation, length, and distribution of rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 23(3): 29-33.

Yanez-Arenas, C.; Townsend, P.A.; Mokondoko, P.; Rojas-Soto, O.; Martínez-Meyer, E. 2014. The use of ecological niche modeling to infer potential risk areas of snakebite in the Mexican state of Veracruz. PLoS ONE 9(6): e100957.

Crotalus tzabcan

Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Cedeño-Vázquez, J.R. 2017. The swimming behaviour of Tzabcan Rattlesnake, Crotalus tzabcan Klauber, 1952 (Squamata: Viperidae). Herpetology Notes 10: 673-674.

Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Cedeño-Vázquez, J.R.; García-Balderas, C.M.; Ramírez-Valverde, T.; Quintero-Díaz, G.E. 2018. The defensive behaviour of Tzabcan Rattlesnake, Crotalus tzabcan Klauber, 1952 (Squamata: Viperidae). Herpetology Notes 11: 429-431.

Fugler, C.M. 1960. New herpetological records for British Honduras. Texas Journal of Science 12: 8-13.

Crotalus unicolor

Carl, G.; Peterson, K.H.; Hubbard, R.M. 1982. Reproduction in captive Aruba Island rattlesnakes, Crotalus unicolor. Herpetological Review 13(3): 89-90.

Gloyd, H.K. 1936. The status of Crotalus unicolor Van Lidth de Jeude and Crotalus pulvis Ditmars. Herpetologica 1936(1): 65-68.

Goode, M.; Radcliffe, C.W.; Estep, K.; Odum, A.; Chiszar, D. 1990. Field observations on feeding behavior in an Aruba Island rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus unicolor): strike-induced chemosensory searching and trail following. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 28(4): 312-314.

Jacobson, E.R.; Adams, H.P.; Geisbert, T.W.; Tucker, S.J.; Hall, B.J.; Homer, B.L. 1997. Pulmonary lesions in experimental ophidian paramyxovirus pneumonia of Aruba Island rattlesnakes, Crotalus unicolor. Veterinary Pathology 34(5): 450-459.

Kauffeld, C.F.; Gloyd, H.K. 1939. Notes on the Aruba rattlesnake, Crotalus unicolor. Herpetologica 1939(1): 156-160.

Kudryavtsev, S.V.; Ganina, L.V.; Mamet, S.V. 2009. [Some successful results in husbandry and breeding of the rare and hard-to-keep venomous snakes at the Moscow Zoo (part IX: 2008-2009 years)]. (In Russian). Nauchnye Issledovaniya v Zoologicheskikh Parkakh 25: 30-35.

Loomis, M.; Smith, R. 1987. Fertility following caesarean section in an Aruba Island rattlesnake Crotalus unicolor. International Zoo Yearbook 26: 187-188.

McCranie, J.R. 1986. Crotalus unicolor. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 389: 1-2.

O'Connell, B.; Greenlee, R.; Bacon, J.; Chiszar, D. 1982. Strike-induced chemosensory searching in Old World vipers and New World pit vipers at San Diego Zoo. Zoo Biology 1(4): 287-294.

Odum, R.A.; Goode, M.J. 1994. The species survival plan for Crotalus durissus unicolor: a multifaceted approach to conservation of an insular rattlesnake. Contributions to Herpetology 11: 363-368.

Odum, R.A.; Reinert, H.K. 2015. The Aruba Island rattlesnake Crotalus unicolor Species Survival Plan: a case history in ex situ and in situ conservation. pp. 104–112. In: Zoological Society of London (ed.). International Zoo Yearbook. Vol. 49. Reptile Conservation. Zoological Society of London, London. 442 pp.

O'Shea, M. 1997. The first UK captive breeding of the Aruba Island rattlesnake Crotalus durissus unicolor. Herptile 22(4): 167-172.

Reinert, H.K.; Bushar, L.M.; Rocco, G.L.; Goode, M.; Odum, R.A. 2002. Distribution of the Aruba Island Rattlesnake, Crotalus unicolor, on Aruba, Dutch West Indies. Caribbean Journal of Science 38(1-2): 126-128.

Strimple, P. 1993. Crotalus unicolor (Van Lidt de Jeude), Aruba Island rattlesnake. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 13(1): 4-13.

Tryon, B.W. 1986. The island, the rattlesnake, and the species survival plan. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 16: 20-24.

Crotalus vegrandis

Anonymous. 1995. Junge Uracoan-Klapperschlangen im Vivarium Karlsruhe. TI-Magazin 125: 67.

Carl, G.; Peterson, K.H.; Hubbard, R.M. 1982. Reproduction in captive Uracoan rattlesnakes, Crotalus vegrandis. Herpetological Review 13(2): 42-43.

Chiszar, D.; Chiszar, C.; Walsh, T.; Demeter, B.; Smith, H.M. 1984. Effect of male courtship on strike-induced chemosensory searching in a female uracoan rattlesnake (Crotalus vegrandis) at National Zoo. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 20(4): 145-151.

Kirchhauser, H. 1994. Junge Uracoan-Klapperschlangen im Vivarium Karlsruhe. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 47(9): 552.

Klauber, L.M. 1941. A new species of rattlesnake from Venezuela. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 9(30): 333-336.

McCranie, J.R. 1984. Crotalus vegrandis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 350: 1-2.

Muir, J.H. 1984. Captive reproduction of the Uracoan rattlesnake, Crotalus vegrandis. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 19(4): 131-133.

Murphy, J.B.; Mitchell, L.A.; Campbell, A. 1979. Miscellaneous notes on the reproductive biology of reptiles. 3. The Uracoan rattlesnake, Crotalus vergrandis Klauber (Serpentes, Viperidae). Journal of Herpetology 13(3): 373-374.

O'Connell, B.; Greenlee, R.; Bacon, J.; Chiszar, D. 1982. Strike-induced chemosensory searching in Old World vipers and New World pit vipers at San Diego Zoo. Zoo Biology 1(4): 287-294.

Pifano-C., F.; Rodriguez Acosta, A. 1996. Ecological niche and redescription of Crotalus vegrandis (Serpentes: Crotalidae) in Venezuela. Brenesia 45-46: 169-175.

Sandner Montilla, F. 1980. Una nueva especie del genero Crotalus (Serpentes, Crotalidae, Crotalinae) del sur del estado Guarico, Venezuela. Memorias Cientifica de Ofidiologia 5: 1-12.

Strimple, P. 1993. Crotalus vegrandis Klauber (Uracoan rattlesnake). Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 13(2): 51-55.

Villalaz, A.R.L. 1966. Crotalus vegrandis Klauber, redescription y distribucion. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 33: 725-734.

Weima, A. 1992. Crotalus durissus vegrandis in captivity. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 12(5): 81-85.

Crotalus viridis

Ackerman, G.L.; Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M. 2007. Rodent hygienic behavior and rattlesnake predation. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 43(1): 30-34.

Aird, S.D. 1984. Life history notes: Crotalus viridis viridis (Prairie Rattlesnake). Coloration. Herpetological Review 15(1): 18-19.

Aldridge, R.D. 1979. Female reproductive cycles of the snakes Arizona elegans and Crotalus viridis. Herpetologica 35(3): 256-261.

Aldridge, R.D. 1979. Seasonal spermatogenesis in sympatric Crotalus viridis and Arizona elegans in New Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 13(2): 187-192.

Aldridge, R.D. 1993. Male reproductive anatomy and seasonal occurrence of mating and combat behavior of the rattlesnake Crotalus v. viridis. Journal of Herpetology 27(4): 481-484.

Amaral, A. do 1929. Studies of Nearctic Ophidia. III. Notes on Crotalus tigris (Kennicott). IV. On Crotalus tortugensis Van Denburgh & Slevin, Crotalus atrox elegans Schmidt, and Crotalus atrox lucasensis (Van Denburgh). V. On Crotalus confluentus Say and its allied forms. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 2: 82-97.

Anderson, P. 1947. Observations on the denning habits of the prairie rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis viridis (Rafinesque). Natural History Miscellanea (Chicago) 9: 1-2.

Ashton, K.G. 2000. Notes on the island populations of the western rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis. Herpetological Review 31(4): 214-217.

Ashton, K.G. 2001. Body size variation among mainland populations of the western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis). Evolution 55(12): 2523-2533.

Ashton, K.G. 2002. Headfirst ingestion of prey by rattlesnakes: Are tactile cues used? Journal of Herpetology 36(3): 500-502.

Ashton, K.G.; Queiroz, A. de 2001. Molecular systematics of the western rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis (Viperidae), with comments on the utility of the D-loop in phylogenetic studies of snakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21(2): 176-189.

Ashton, K.G.; Smith, H.M.; Chiszar, D. 1997. Geographic distribution: Crotalus viridis viridis (Prairie Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 28(3): 159.

Ashton, K.G.; Smith, H.M.; Chiszar, D. 1999. A new pattern aberration in Prairie Rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis viridis. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 34(6): 153.

Bailey, V.; Terman, M.R.; Wall, R. 1989. Noteworthy longevity in Crotalus viridis viridis (Rafinesque). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 92(1-2): 116-117.

Bauder, J.M.; Akenson, H.; Peterson, C.R. 2015. Movement patterns of Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus v. viridis) across a mountainous landscape in a designated wilderness area. Journal of Herpetology 49(3): 377-387.

Biardi, J.E.; Coss, R.G. 2011. Rock squirrel (Spermophilus variegatus) blood sera affects proteolytic and hemolytic activities of rattlesnake venoms. Toxicon 57(2): 323-331.

Bogert, C.M. 1941. The Hopi snake dance. Natural History (New York) 47(5): 276-283.

Boundy, J. 1992. Geographic distribution: Crotalus viridis viridis (Prairie Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 23(4): 124.

Brown, D.G. 1990. Observation of a Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) consuming neonatal cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus nuttalli), with defense of the young cottontails by adult conspecifics. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 25(2): 24-26.

Brown, D.G.; Duvall, D. 1993. Habitat associations of Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) in Wyoming. Herpetological Natural History 1(1): 5-12.

Cage, Y. 2004. Combat in the Prairie Rattlesnake. Sonoran Herpetologist 17(11): 107-108.

Chadwick, L.E.; Rahn, H. 1954. Temperature dependence and rattling frequency in the rattlesnake, Crotalus v. viridis. Science 119: 442-443.

Charland, M.B. 1989. Size and winter survivorship in neonatal western rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis). Canadian Journal of Zoology 67(7): 1620-1625.

Charland, M.B.; Gregory, P.T. 1989. Feeding rate and weight gain in postpartum rattlesnakes: do animals that eat more always grow more? Copeia 1989(1): 211-214.

Charland, M.B.; Gregory, P.T. 1990. The influence of female reproductive status on thermoregulation in a viviparous snake, Crotalus viridis. Copeia 1990(4): 1089-1098.

Chepsongol, R.M.; Burkett, D.W. 2013. Natural history notes: Crotalus viridis (Prairie Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 44(3): 520-521.

Chiszar, D.; Dickman, D.; Colton, J. 1986. Sensitivity to thermal stimulation in Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) after bilateral anesthetization of the facial pits. Behavioral and Neural Biology 45(1): 143-149.

Chiszar, D.; Duvall, D.; Scudder, K.; Radcliffe, C.W. 1980. Simultaneous and successive discriminations between envenomated and nonenvenomated mice by rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus and C. viridis). Behavioral and Neural Biology 29(4): 518-521.

Chiszar, D.; Hobika, G.; Smith, H.M.; Vidaurri, J. 1991. Envenomation and acquisition of chemical information by Prairie Rattlesnakes. Prairie Naturalist 23(2): 69-72.

Chiszar, D.; Lee, R.K.K.; Radcliffe, C.W.; Smith, H.M. 1992. Searching behaviors by rattlesnakes following predatory strikes. pp. 369-382. In: Campbell, J.A. & Brodie, E.D. (eds.). Biology of the pitvipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas. 467 pp.

Chiszar, D.; Livo, L.J.; Smith, R.R.J.; Smith, H.M. 1995. Geographic distribution: Crotalus viridis (Western Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 26(3): 156.

Chiszar, D.; Lukas, W.; Smith, H.M. 1997. Response to rodent saliva by two species of rodentiophagous snakes. Journal of Chemical Ecology 23(3): 829-836.

Chiszar, D.; Melcer, T.; Lee, R.; Radcliffe, C.W.; Duvall, D. 1990. Chemical cues used by Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) to follow trails of rodent prey. Journal of Chemical Ecology 16(1): 79-86.

Chiszar, D.; Perelman, J.; Smith, H.M.; Duvall, D. 1992. 'Shouldering' in Prairie Rattlesnakes: a new hypothesis. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 28(3): 69-76.

Chiszar, D.; Radcliffe, C.; Feiler, F. 1986. Trailing behavior in banded rock rattlesnakes (Crotalus lepidus klauberi) and Prairie Rattlesnakes (C. viridis viridis). Journal of Comparative Psychology 100(4): 368-371.

Chiszar, D.; Radcliffe, C.W.; O'Connell, B.; Smith, H.M. 1981. Strike-induced chemosensory searching in rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) as a function of disturbance prior to presentation of rodent prey. Psychological Record 31(1): 57-62.

Chiszar, D.; Radcliffe, C.W.; O'Connell, B.; Smith, H.M. 1982. Analysis of the behavioural sequence emitted by rattlesnakes during feeding episodes 2. Duration of strike-induced chemosensory searching in rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis, C. enyo). Behavioral and Neural Biology 34(3): 261-270.

Chiszar, D.; Shipley, B.K.; Smith, H.M.; Fitzgerald, K.; Saviola, A.J. 2014. Straightness-of-path during and after vernal migration in prairie rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis, in eastern Colorado. Herpetology Notes 7: 425-436.

Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M. 1993. Geographic distribution: Crotalus viridis viridis (Prairie Rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 24(4): 156.

Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M. 1994. Natural history notes: Crotalus viridis viridis (Prairie Rattlesnake). Record rattle-string. Herpetological Review 25(3): 123.

Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M.; Bogert, C.M.; Vidaurri, J. 1991. A chemical sense of self in timber and Prairie Rattlesnakes. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 29(2): 153-154.

Chiszar, D.; Smith, H.M.; Defusco, R. 1993. Life history notes: Crotalus viridis viridis (Prairie Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 24(3): 106.

Chiszar, D.; Stimac, K.; Boyer, T. 1983. Effect of mouse odors on visually-induced and strike-induced chemosensory searching in Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis). Chemical Senses 7(3-4): 301-308.

Chiszar, D.; Walters, A.; Smith, H.M. 2008. Rattlesnake preference for envenomated prey: species specificity. Journal of Herpetology 42(4): 764-767.

Clarke, J.A.; Chopko, J.T.; Mackessy, S.P. 1996. The effect of moonlight on activity patterns of adult and juvenile Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis viridis). Journal of Herpetology 30(2): 192-197.

Cochran, P.A. 2008. A Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) in Minnesota, and historical reports of other pit vipers unexpected in the upper Midwest. Northeastern Naturalist 15(3): 461-464.

Cook, S.F. 1955. Rattlesnake hybrids: Crotalus viridis x Crotalus scutulatus. Copeia 1955(2): 139-141.

Cundall, D. 2002. Envenomation strategies, head form and feeding ecology in vipers. pp. 149-161. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp.

Cunningham, G.R.; Hickey, S.M.; Gowen, C.M. 1996. Natural history notes: Crotalus viridis viridis (Prairie Rattlesnake). Behavior. Herpetological Review 27(1): 24.

Davis, D.R.; LaDuc, T.J. 2011. Natural history notes: Crotalus viridis (Prairie Rattlesnake). Diet. Herpetological Review 42(1): 99.

Dawson, G.D.; Mackessy, S.P. 2018. Natural history notes: Crotalus viridis (Prairie Rattlesnake). Reproduction: male-male-male combat. Herpetological Review 49(3): 545.

Diller, L.V.; Johnson, D.R. 1988. Food habits, consumption rates, and predation rates of western rattlesnakes and gopher snakes in southwestern Idaho. Herpetologica 44(2): 228-233.

Diller, L.V.; Wallace, R.L. 1996. Comparative ecology of two snake species (Crotalus viridis and Pituophis melanoleucus) in southwestern Idaho. Herpetologica 52(3): 343-360.

Douglas, M.E.; Douglas, M.R.; Schuett, G.W.; Porras, L.W.; Holycross, A.T. 2002. Phylogeography of the western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) complex, with emphasis on the CoLorado Plateau. pp. 11-50. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp.

Dowling, H.G. 1959. Rattles and hisses and rasping scales. Animal Kingdom 62: 140-142.

Downey, B.A. 2006. Richardson's ground squirrel surveys. Alberta Species at Risk Report 108: 40-42.

Downey, B.A.; Taylor, B.N. 2003. Reptile surveys of the Milk River Basin. Alberta Species at Risk Report 72: 104-113.

Duvall, D. 1986. Snake, rattle and roll. Natural History 95(11): 66-73.

Duvall, D.; Chiszar, D. 1990. Behavioural and chemical ecology of vernal migration and pre- and post-strike predatory activity in Prairie Rattlesnakes: field and laboratory experiments. Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 5: 539-554.

Duvall, D.; Chiszar, D.; Hayes, W.K.; Leonhardt, J.K.; Goode, M.J. 1990. Chemical and behavioural ecology of foraging in Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis viridis). Journal of Chemical Ecology 16(1): 87-101.

Duvall, D.; Goode, M.J.; Hayes, W.K.; Leonhardt, J.K.; Brown, D.G. 1990. Prairie Rattlesnake vernal migration: field experimental analyses and survival value. National Geographic Research 19(6): 457-469.

Duvall, D.; King, M.B.; Gutzwiller, K.J. 1985. Behavioural ecology and ethology of the Prairie Rattlesnake. National Geographic Research 1(1): 80-111.

Duvall, D.; Schuett, G.W. 1997. Straight-line movement and competitive mate searching in Prairie Rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis viridis. Animal Behaviour 54(2): 329-334.

Enderson, E.F. 2010. The occurrence of Crotalus viridis in Sonora, Mexico. Sonoran Herpetologist 23(7): 94-96.

Ernst, R. 2002. Management and recovery strategies for the Lethbridge population of the Prairie Rattlesnake. Alberta Species at Risk Report 40: 1-29.

Ernst, R. 2003. Lethbridge Prairie Rattlesnake conservation project: 2002/2003 progress report. Alberta Species at Risk Report 64: 1-31.

Ernst, R. 2004. Lethbridge rattlesnake conservation project: 2003 progress report. Alberta Species at Risk Report 81: 1-11.

Ernst, R.D.; Quinlan, R.W. 2006. Rattlers and people: conserving rattlesnakes in Lethbridge. Alberta Species at Risk Report 109: 1-36.

Estep, K.; Poole, T.; Radcliffe, C.W.; O'Connell, B.; Chiszar, D. 1981. Distance traveled by mice after envenomation by a rattlesnake (C. viridis). Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 18(3): 108-110.

Fiero, M.K.; Seifert, M.W.; Weaver, T.J.; Bonilla, C.A. 1972. Comparative study of juvenile and adult prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis). Toxicon 10(1): 81-82.

Fitch, H.S. 1998. The Sharon Springs roundup and Prairie Rattlesnake demography. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 101: 101-113.

Fitch, H.S. 2002. A comparison of growth and rattle strings in three species of rattlesnakes. Scientific Papers Natural History Museum the University of Kansas 24: 1-6.

Fitch, H.S. 2003. Reproduction in rattlesnakes of the Sharon Springs, Kansas, roundup. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 8: 23-24.

Freddy, D.J.; Kogutt, K.L. 1978. Geographic distribution: Crotalus viridis ssp. USA: Colorado: Rio Blanco Co. Herpetological Review 9(3): 108.

Furry, K.; Swain, T.; Chiszar, D. 1991. Strike-induced chemosensory searching and trail following by Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) preying upon deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus): chemical discrimination among individual mice. Herpetologica 47(1): 69-78.

Galán, A.P.; Light, J.E. 2017. Reptiles and amphibians associated with Texas pocket gopher (Geomys personatus) burrow systems across the Texas sand sheet. Herpetological Review 48(3): 517-521.

Gannon, V. 1978. Factors limiting the distribution of the prairie rattlesnake. Blue Jay 36(3): 142-144.

Gannon, V.P.J.; Secoy, D.M. 1984. Growth and reproductive rates of a northern population of the Prairie Rattlesnake, Crotalus v. viridis. Journal of Herpetology 18(1): 13-19.

Gannon, V.P.J.; Secoy, D.M. 1985. Seasonal and daily activity patterns in a Canadian population of the Prairie Rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis viridis. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63(1): 86-91.

Gardiner, L.E.; Somers, C.M.; Martino, J.A.; Parker, D.L.; Poulin, R.G. 2013. Balancing the dumbbell: summer habitats need protection in addition to winter dens for northern snake communities. Journal of Wildlife Management 77(5): 975-982.

Gardiner, L.E.; Somers, C.M.; Parker, D.L.; Poulin, R.G. 2015. Microhabitat selection by Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) at the northern extreme of their geographic range. Journal of Herpetology 49(1): 131-137.

Gardiner, L.E.; Sonmor, K.W. 2011. Major slump event at grasslands National Park snake pit in southwestern Saskatchewan. Blue Jay 69(3): 120-124.

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Graves, B.M. 1989. Life history notes: Crotalus viridis viridis (Prairie Rattlesnake). Predation. Herpetological Review 20(3): 71-72.

Graves, B.M. 1991. Consumption of an adult mouse by a free-ranging neonate Prairie Rattlesnake. Southwestern Naturalist 36(1): 143.

Graves, B.M.; Carpenter, G.C.; Duvall, D. 1987. Chemosensory behaviors of neonate Prairie Rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis. Southwestern Naturalist 32(4): 515-517.

Graves, B.M.; Duvall, D. 1983. Occurrence and function of Prairie Rattlesnake mouth gaping in a non-feeding context. Journal of Experimental Zoology 227(3): 471-474.

Graves, B.M.; Duvall, D. 1985. Avomic Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) fail to attack rodent prey. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 67(1-4): 161-166.

Graves, B.M.; Duvall, D. 1985. Mouth gaping and head shaking by Prairie Rattlesnakes are associated with vomeronasal organ olfaction. Copeia 1985(2): 496-497.

Graves, B.M.; Duvall, D. 1987. An experimental study of aggregation and thermoregulation in Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis viridis). Herpetologica 43(2): 259-264.

Graves, B.M.; Duvall, D. 1990. Spring emergence patterns of Wandering Garter Snakes and Prairie Rattlesnakes in Wyoming. Journal of Herpetology 24(4): 351-356.

Graves, B.M.; Duvall, D. 1993. Reproduction, rookery use, and thermoregulation in free-ranging, pregnant Crotalus v. viridis. Journal of Herpetology 27(1): 33-41.

Graves, B.M.; King, M.B.; Duvall, D. 1986. Natural history of Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis viridis) in Wyoming. Herptile 11(1): 5-10.

Hamilton, W.J. 1950. Food of the prarie rattlesnake (Crotalus v. viridis Rafinesque). Herpetologica 6(2): 34.

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Hayes, W.K. 1991. Ontogeny of striking, prey-handling and envenomation behaviour of Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus v. viridis). Toxicon 29(7): 867-875.

Hayes, W.K. 1992. Factors associated with the mass of venom expended by Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus v. viridis) feeding on mice. Toxicon 30(4): 449-460.

Hayes, W.K. 1992. Prey-handling and envenomation strategies of Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus v. viridis) feeding on mice and sparrows. Journal of Herpetology 26(4): 496-499.

Hayes, W.K. 1993. Effects of hunger on striking, prey-handling, and venom expenditure of Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus v. viridis). Herpetologica 49(3): 305-310.

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