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Reptiles
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Bibliography of the reptiles of
Costa Rica

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Anonymous. 1970. Costa Rica: two National Parks, one National Monument established. IUCN Bulletin 2: 146.

Anonymous. 1985. Costa Rica - turtle slaughter investigated. Animalia International (Paris) 5(18): 6.

Abarca Alvarado, J.G. 2012. [Natural history of the herpetofauna of El Rodeo and the west of Valle Central, Costa Rica]. (In Spanish). Brenesia 77: 229-250.

Abarca Alvarado, J.G. 2012. [The herpetofauna of premontane forest: diversity of amphibians and reptiles of El Rodeo]. (In Spanish). Brenesia 77: 251-270.

Abella, I.; Gomez, R.; Lopez, M. 2008. Annotated amphibian and reptiles check-list of Pacuare Nature Reserve, Costa Rica. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola 19: 64-67.

Acosta-Chaves, V.J.; Cháves, G.; Abarca, J.G.; García-Rodríguez, A.; Bolaños, F. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Río Macho Biological Station, Provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica. Check List 11(6)(Article 1784): 1-10.

Acuna-Mesen, R.A. 1994. Variacion morfometrica y caracteristicas ecologicas del habitat de la tortuga candado Kinosternon scorpioides en Costa Rica (Chelonia, Kinosternidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 54(3): 537-547.

Acuna-Mesen, R.A.; Castaing, A.; Flores, F. 1984. Aspectos ecologicos de distribucion de las tortugas terrestres y semiacuaticas en el Valle Central de Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 31(2) [1983]: 181-192.

Albert, R.; Hödl, W.; Möslinger, H.; Ringler, M.; Schaber, D.; Schiener, H.; Weish, P.; Weissenhofer, A. 2005. The Amphibians & Reptiles of the Golfo Dulce Region, Costa Rica. Publisher unknown, Wien. 64 pp.

Andrews, R. 1979. Evolution of life histories: a comparison of Anolis lizards from matched island and mainland habitats. Breviora 454: 1-51.

Arauz, R.; Rodriguez, O.; Vargas, R.; Segura, A. 2000. Incidental capture of Sea Turtles by Costa Rica's longline fleet. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC 443: 62-64.

Arauz-Almengor, M.; Mo, C.L.; Vargas, M.E. 1993. Preliminary evaluation of Olive Ridley egg commerce from Ostional Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica. Marine Turtle Newsletter 63: 10-13.

Arias, E.; Bolaños, F. 2014. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of San Isidro de Dota, Reserva Forestal los Santos, Costa Rica. Check List 10(4): 870-877.

Barquero, M.D.; Arguedas-P., V.; Barquero Rodriguez, M. 2007. Anoles of Costa Rica. Reptilia (GB) 53: 53-59.

Barreto, E.; Wilson, M.F. 1928. The Costa Rican law for protection against ophidism. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 2: 50-51.

Behm, J.E.; Hagerty, M.A.; Drake, D.L.; Spotila, J.R. 2002. Marine Turtle nesting activity on Playa Naranjo, Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica 1998-99. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC 477: 232-234.

Bell, K.E.; Donnelly, M.A. 2006. Influence of forest fragmentation on community structure of frogs and lizards in northeastern Costa Rica. Conservation Biology 20(6): 1750-1760.

Benyr, G.; Benyr, C. 2009. Bedrohung, Schutz und Nutzung von Meeresschildkröten. 2. Die geschichtliche Entwicklung und Situation in Costa Rica. Marginata 22: 46-52.

Bjorndal, K.A. 1980. Demography of the breeding population of the Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas, at Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Copeia 1980(3): 525-530.

Bjorndal, K.A.; Carr, A. 1989. Variation in clutch size and egg size in the Green Turtle nesting population at Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Herpetologica 45(2): 181-189.

Bolanos, F.; Savage, J.M.; Chaves, G. 2010. Amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica. Listas Zoológicas Actualizadas UCR (http://museo.biologia.ucr.ac.cr/Listas/LZAPublicaciones.htm). Museo de Zoología UCR. San Pedro, Costa Rica. (Actualization of June 15, 2010).

Bolanos, J.R.; Sanchez-R., J.; Piedra-Castro, L. 1997. Inventario y estructura poblacional de crocodilidos en tres zonas de Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical (A) 44(3)-45(1)(A): 283-287.

Bonilla-Murillo, F.; Beneyto, D.; Mahmood, S. 2013. [Amphibians and reptiles in the swamps dominated by the palm Raphia taedigera (Arecaceae) in northeastern Costa Rica]. (In Spanish). Revista de Biologia Tropical 61: 143-161.

Brewster, K.N. 1989. Wildlife conservation in Costa Rica. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 24(8): 144-145.

Bringsøe, H. 2004. Herpetologi i Costa Rica. 3. Øgler og slanger i østkystens regnskove. [Herpetology in Costa Rica. 3. Lizards and snakes in the rain forests of the east coast]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 47(4): 106-121.

Campbell, L.M.; Haalboom, B.J.; Trow, J. 2007. Sustainability of community-based conservation: Sea Turtle egg harvesting in Ostional (Costa Rica) ten years later. Environmental Conservation 34(2): 122-131.

Card, W. 1995. Notes on herping in the tropical wet forests of Costa Rica. Vivarium (Lakeside) 7(3): 30-37.

Carr, A. 1973. Research and conservation problems in Costa Rica. pp. 29-33. In: Marine turtles. Proceedings of the 2nd working meeting of marine turtle specialists. Organized by the Survival Service Commission, IUCN, 8-10 March 1971, at Morges, Switzerland. 109 pp.

Carr, A.; Giovannoli, L. 1957. The ecology and migrations of Sea Turtles, 2. Results of field work in Costa Rica, 1955. American Museum Novitates 1835: 1-32.

Castro, J.C.; Arauz, M. 1993. Olive Ridley Turtles observed with notches cut in marginal scutes in Ostional, Costa Rica, 1992. Marine Turtle Newsletter 61: 26.

Chacon Vargas, M. 2010. [Breeding in captivity of five species of vertebrates in Costa Rica: a historical perspective]. (In Spanish). Brenesia 73-74: 121-128.

Chaves Mora, F.; Alvarado-Alvarado, J.; Aymerich Blen, R.; Solorzano Lopez, A. 1993. Aspectos basicos sobre las serpientes de Costa Rica. Oficina de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. 58 pp.

Colvee Nebot, S.; Magro, A.M.; Obando, V.H.Q. 2016. A Photographic Guide to the Common Amphibians & Reptiles of Costa Rica. Ediciones Rodeno, Cullera, Spain. 135 pp.

Cope, E.D. 1876. On the Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica with notes on the herpetology and ichthyology of Nicaragua and Peru. Journal of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 2(8): 93-154.

Cope, E.D. 1894. Second addition to a knowledge of the Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 31: 333-347.

Cope, E.D. 1894. Third addition to a knowledge of the Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1894: 194-206.

Corn, M.J. 1982. Ecological separation of Anolis lizards in a Costa Rican rain forest. Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering 42(9): 3600.

Cornelius, S.E. 1975. Marine turtle mortalities along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Copeia 1975(1): 186-187.

Cornelius, S.E. 1976. Marine turtle nesting at Playa Naranjo, Costa Rica. Brenesia 8: 1-27.

Cornelius, S.E.; Alvarado-Ulloa, M.; Castro, J.C.; Mata del Valle, M.; Robinson, D.C. 1991. Management of Olive Ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) nesting at Playas Nancite and Ostional, Costa Rica. pp. 111-135. In: Robinson, J.G. & Redford, K.H. (eds.). Neotropical wildlife use and conservation. Chicago University Press, Chicago. 520 pp.

Cornelius, S.E.; Robinson, D.C. 1981. Pacific Coast of Costa Rica: tagging programe. Marine Turtle Newsletter 18: 13.

Devender, R.W. van 1980. Preliminary checklist of the herpetofauna of Monteverde, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica and vicinity. Brenesia 17: 319-326.

Dornfeld, T.C.; Robinson, N.J.; Santidrian-Tomillo, P.; Paladino, F.V. 2015. Ecology of solitary nesting olive ridley sea turtles at Playa Grande, Costa Rica. Marine Biology (Berlin) 162(1): 123-139.

Drake, D. 1993. Osa Sea Turtle study. Marine Turtle Newsletter 61: 9-11.

Drake, D.L. 1996. Marine turtle nesting, nest predation, hatch frequency, and nesting seasonality on the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2(1): 89-92.

Dunn, E.R. 1930. New snakes from Costa Rica and Panama. Occasional Papers Boston Society of Natural History 5: 329-332.

Edgar, P. 1985. Operation Raleigh - report on a reptile survey in the rainforests of Costa Rica, Central America. Rephiberary 96: 2-7.

Fauth, J.E.; Crother, B.I.; Slowinski, J.B. 1989. Elevational patterns of species richness, evenness, and abundance of the Costa Rican leaf-litter herpetofauna. Biotropica 21(2): 178-185.

Fitch, H.S. 1973. A field study of Costa Rican lizards. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 50(2): 1-126.

Fitch, H.S. 1973. Population structure and survivorship in some Costa Rican lizards. Occ. pap. Mus. nat. Hist. Univ. Kans. 18: 1-41.

Fitch, H.S. 1975. Sympatry and interrelationships in Costa Rican anoles. Occ. pap. Mus. nat. Hist. Univ. Kans. 40: 1-60.

Fowler, L.E. 1979. Hatching success and nest predation in the Green Sea Turtle, Chelonia mydas, at Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Ecology 60(5): 946-955.

Franzen, M.; Kollarits, D. 2018. Pocket Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of La Gamba Costa Rica. Laurenti Verlag, Bielefeld. 120 pp.

Frazier, J.; Cinvestav, A.P. 1992. Update on Playa Grande, Costa Rica. Marine Turtle Newsletter 59: 12-13.

Gaos, A.; Arauz, R.; Yanez, I. 2006. Hawksbill Turtles on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. Marine Turtle Newsletter 112: 14.

Gates, C.E.; Valverde, R.A.; Mo, C.L.; Chaves, A.C.; Ballesteros, J.; Peskin, J. 1996. Estimating arribada size using a modified instantaneous count procedure. Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics 1(3): 275-287.

Gramza, A.; Temple, S. 2010. Effect of education programs on the knowledge & attitudes about snakes in San Isidro de Upala, Costa Rica. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 33: 12-18.

Guyer, C. 1990. The herpetofauna of La Selva, Costa Rica. pp. 371-385. In: Gentry, A.H. (ed.). Four neotropical rainforests. Yale University Press, New Haven & London. 627 pp.

Guyer, C. 1994. Appendix 6. Reptiles. pp. 382-383. In: McDade, L.A.; Bawa, K.S.; Hespenheide, H.A. & Hartshorn, G.S. (eds.). La Selva: ecology and natural history of a neotropical rainforest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London. 486 pp.

Guyer, C. 1994. The reptile fauna: diversity and ecology. pp. 210-216. In: McDade, L.A.; Bawa, K.S.; Hespenheide, H.A. & Hartshorn, G.S. (eds.). La Selva: ecology and natural history of a neotropical rainforest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London. 486 pp.

Guyer, C.; Donnelly, M.A. 1990. Length-mass relationships among an assemblage of tropical snakes in Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Ecology 6(1): 65-76.

Guyer, C.; Donnelly, M.A. 2005. Amphibians and reptiles of La Selva, Costa Rica, and the Caribbean Slope: a comprehensive guide. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles & London. 299 pp.

Hayes, M.P.; Pounds, J.A.; Timmerman, W.W. 1989. An annotated list and guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Monteverde Costa Rica. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles), Lawrence, Kansas. 67 pp. (Herpetological Circulars no. 17).

Heinen, J.T. 1992. Comparisons of the leaf litter herpetofauna in abandoned cacao plantations and primary rain forest in Costa Rica: some implications for faunal restoration. Biotropica 24(3): 431-439.

Henderson, C.L. 2010. Mammals, amphibians, and reptiles of Costa Rica: a field guide. University of Texas Press, Austin. 198 pp.

Heyer, W.R. 1967. A herpetofaunal study of an ecological transect through the Cordillera de Tilarán, Costa Rica. Copeia 1967: 259-271.

Hirth, H.F. 1987. Pollution on the marine turtle nesting-beach in Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica. Environmental Conservation 14(1): 74-75.

Hirth, H.F.; Samson, D.A. 1988. Nesting behavior of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) at Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Caribbean Journal of Science 23(3-4) [1987]: 374-379.

Hoebel, G. 2008. The amphibians and reptiles of the Golfo Dulce region. Stapfia 88: 305-328.

Hohmeister, A. 2002. Die Giftschlangen Costa Ricas. Draco 3(4) (12): 54-63.

Jacobson, S.K.; Lopez, A.F. 1994. Biological impacts of ecotourism: tourists and nesting turtles in Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica. Wildlife Society Bulletin 22(3): 414-419.

Janzen, D.H. (ed.) 1983. Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 816 pp.

Johanboeke, M. 1974. Collecting on a Costa Rican cacao farm. Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 22: 27-32.

Johanboeke, M.M. 1976. Night collecting in Costa Rica. Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 24: 25-36.

Klarsfeld, J.D. 2002. Venomous snakes of Costa Rica. Reptilia (GB) 25: 29-38.

Köhler, G.; Vargas, J.; Köhler, J.J.; Veselý, M. 2013. Noteworthy distributional records of amphibians and reptiles from Costa Rica. Herpetological Review 44(2): 280-283.

Kronauer, D. 2000. Die Herpetofauna eines Gummibaumes (Ficus maximus) im karibischen Tiefland Costa Ricas. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 22(124): 5-10.

Kurz, D.J.; Nowakowski, A.J.; Tingley, M.W.; Donnelly, M.A.; Wilcove, D.S. 2014. Forest-land use complementarity modifies community structure of a tropical herpetofauna. Biological Conservation 170: 246-255.

Laurencio, D. 2009. Amphibians and reptiles from Reserva Natural Absoluta Cabo Blanco, province of Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Check List 5(3): 446-459.

Laurencio, D.; Fitzgerald, L.A. 2010. Environmental correlates of herpetofaunal diversity in Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Ecology 25(5): 521-531.

Laurencio, D.; Malone, J.H. 2009. The amphibians and reptiles of Parque Nacional Carara, a transitional herpetofaunal assemblage in Costa Rica. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 4(1): 120-131.

Leenders, T. 1994. The snakes of Rara Avis, Costa Rica. 1. Coral Snakes (Elapidae, genus Micrurus). Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 14(4): 107-115.

Leenders, T. 1995. The snakes of Rara Avis, Costa Rica. 2. Pit vipers (Crotalinae). Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 15(1): 4-12.

Leenders, T. 2001. A guide to amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica. Zona Tropical, Miami. 305 pp.

Lewis, T.R. 2001. The herpetofauna of La Suerte Biological Field Station, Cariari, Costa Rica; an updated field list with notes on species recorded in 1998. Herpetological Bulletin 76: 10-20.

Lieberman, S.S. 1982. The ecology of the leaf litter herpetofauna of a Neotropical rain forest: La Selva, Costa Rica. Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering 43(3): 616.

Lieberman, S.S. 1986. Ecology of the leaf litter herpetofauna of a Neotropical rain forest: La Selva, Costa Rica. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 15: 1-72.

McConnell, G.J. 2013. A field guide to the snakes of Costa Rica. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 222 pp.

McDiarmid, R.W.; DeWeese, J.E. 1977. The systematic status of the lizard Bachia blairi (Dunn 1940) (Reptilia: Teiidae) and its occurrence in Costa Rica. Brenesia 12-13: 143-153.

McDiarmid, R.W.; Savage, J.M. 2005. The herpetofauna of the Rincón area, Península de Osa, Costa Rica, a Central American lowland evergreen forest site. pp. 366-427. In: Donnelly, M.A.; Crother, B.I.; Guyer, C.; Wake, M.H.; White, M.E. (eds.). Ecology and evolution in the tropics: a herpetological perspective. University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London. 675 pp.

Merchan, M.; Coll, M.; Fournier, R. 2005. Macromorfometria de juveniles de Geochelone sulcata (Testudines: Testudinidae) en Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53(1-2): 213-225.

Merchan, M.; Mora, J.M. 2000. Biology, distribution and conservation of the Black Wood Turtle in Costa Rica, RhinoClemmys funerea. Reptilia (GB) 13: 31-38.

Merchan, M.; Mora, J.M. 2001. Biology, distribution, and conservation of the ornate Wood Turtle in Costa Rica. Reptilia (GB) 14: 52-58.

Meyer, E. (undated [1994?]). Boscosa - ein Regenwaldschutzprojekt auf der Halbinsel Osa in Costa Rica. pp. 62-68. In: Herrmann, H.J. & Zimmermann, H. (eds.). Beiträge zur Biologie der Anuren. Tetra Verlag, Melle. 185 pp.

Moeller, T. 1995. Begegnungen mit den Amphibien und Reptilien von Costa Rica. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 48(11): 729-733.

Muddle, P.; Dijk, M. van 1985. Herpetological observations in Costa Rica. (12) Snakes. Lacerta 43(9-10): 176-180.

Muñoz Chacon, F.; Johnston, R.D. 2013. Amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: a pocket guide. Cornell University Press, Ithaca & London. 172 pp.

Murphy, R.W.; Smith, A.; Ngo, A. 2007. The versions of Cope's "Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica". Bibliotheca Herpetologica 7(1): 12-16.

Nordmoe, E.D.; Sieg, A.E.; Sotherland, P.R.; Spotila, J.R.; Paladino, F.V.; Reina, R.D. 2004. Nest site fidelity of Leatherback Turtles at Playa Grande, Costa Rica. Animal Behaviour 68(2): 387-394.

Picado, C. 1936. Serpentes venenosas occorrentes em Costa Rica. I. Sobre a especie Bothrops lansbergi e formas affins. II. Sobre a especie Bothrops godmanni. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 8 [1933-34]: 389-397.

Picado, T.C. 1976. Serpientes venenosas de Costa Rica: sus venenos seroterapia anti-ofidica. Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. 241 pp.

Plotkin, P.; Polak, M.; Owens, D.W. 1991. Observations on Olive Ridley Sea Turtle behavior prior to an arribada at Playa Nancite, Costa Rica. Marine Turtle Newsletter 53: 9-10.

Porras, L.W. 2006. Costa Rican snakes of the tropical dry forest. Reptilia (GB) 48: 18-23.

Porras, L.W. 2006. Die Schlangen des costa-ricanischen Trockenwalds. Reptilia (D) 11(61): 32-37.

Porras, L.W.; Solorzano, A. 2006. Die Schlangen Costa Ricas. Reptilia (D) 11(61): 20-27.

Pounds, J.A. 1988. Ecomorphology, locomotion, and microhabitat structure: patterns in a tropical mainland Anolis community. Ecological Monographs 58(4): 299-320.

Pounds, J.A. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles. pp. 149-177. In: Nadkarni, N.M.; Wheelwright, N.T. (eds.). Monteverde: ecology and conservation of a tropical cloud forest. Oxford University Press, New York & Oxford. 573 pp.

Pounds, J.A.; Fogden, M.P. 2000. Appendix 8: amphibians and reptiles of Monteverde. pp. 537-540. In: Nadkarni, N.M.; Wheelwright, N.T. (eds.). Monteverde: ecology and conservation of a tropical cloud forest. Oxford University Press, New York & Oxford. 573 pp.

Pounds, J.A.; Fogden, M.P.L.; Campbell, J.H. 1999. Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain. Nature (London) 398(6728): 611-615.

Pringle, C.; Chacon, I.; Grayum, M.; Greene, H.; Hartshorn, G.; Shatz, G.; Stiles, G.; Gomez, C.; Rodriguez, M. 1984. Natural history observations and ecological evaluation of the La Selva Protection Zone, Costa Rica. Brenesia 22: 189-206.

Pritchard, P.C.H. 1993. A ranching project for freshwater turtle in Costa Rica. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1(1): 48.

Ramos, J.; Pincetich, C.; Adams, L.; Santos, K.C.; Hage, J.; Arauz, R. 2012. Quantification and recommended management of man-made debris along the Sea Turtle nesting beach at Playa Caletas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Marine Turtle Newsletter 134: 12-17.

Ray, J.M.; Knight, J.L. 2013. The Venomous Snakes and their Mimics of Panama and Costa Rica / Las Culebras Venenosas y sus Mímicas de Panamá y Costa Rica. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, place of publication unknown. 282 pp.

Regos, J. 1977. Beobachtungen über Klimazonen und Herpetofauna in Costa Rica. 1. Aquaria 24(8): 151-156.

Regos, J. 1977. Beobachtungen über Klimazonen und Herpetofauna in Costa Rica. 2. Aquaria 24(9): 167-172.

Regos, J. 1977. Beobachtungen über Klimazonen und Herpetofauna in Costa Rica. 3. Aquaria 24(10): 184-188.

Richard, J.D.; Hughes, D.A. 1972. Some observations of Sea Turtle nesting activity in Costa Rica. Marine Biol. Berlin 16(4): 297-309.

Rodríguez-Arias, C.; Brenes Cambronero, L. 2010. [Vertebrate fauna of the Green Mother Reserve, Palmares, Costa Rica]. (In Spanish). Brenesia 73-74: 108-120.

Rovito, S.M.; Devitt, T.J.; Devitt, S.C. 2015. First survey of the amphibians and reptiles of the Nectandra Cloud Forest Reserve, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Check List 11(2)(Article 1570): 1-8.

Ryan, M.J.; Latella, I.M.; Willink, B.; García-Rodríguez, A.; Gilman, C.A. 2015. Notes on the breeding habits and new distribution records of seven species of snakes from southwest Costa Rica. Herpetology Notes 8: 669-671.

Sasa, M.; Bolanos, F. 2004. Biodiversity and conservation of Mesoamerican dry-forest herpetofauna. pp. 177-193. In: Frankie, G.W.; Mata, A.; Vinson, S.B. (eds.). Biodiversity conservation in Costa Rica: learning the lessons in a seasonal dry forest. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles & London. 341 pp.

Sasa, M.; Chaves, G.A.; Patrick, L.D. 2009. Marine reptiles and amphibians. Monographiae Biologicae 86: 459-468.

Sasa, M.; Chaves, G.A.; Porras, L.W. 2010. The Costa Rican herpetofauna: conservation status and future perspectives. pp. 510-603. In: Wilson, L.D.; Townsend, J.H.; Johnson, J.D. (eds.). Conservation of Mesoamerican amphibians and reptiles. Eagle Mountain Publishing, LC, Eagle Mountain, Utah. 812 pp.

Sasa, M.; Solorzano, A. 1995. The reptiles and amphibians of Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica, with comments about the herpetofauna of xerophytic areas. Herpetological Natural History 3(2): 113-125.

Sasa, M.; Vazquez, S. 2003. Snakebite envenomation in Costa Rica: A revision of incidence in the decade 1990-2000. Toxicon 41(1): 19-22.

Savage, J.M. 1974. Type locality for species of amphibians and reptiles described from Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 22(1): 71-122.

Savage, J.M. 1975. Consumer organisation and interactions in two tropical lowland ecosystems: the role of the leaf litter herpetofauna. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 14(1): 15-16.

Savage, J.M. 2002. The amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: a herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London. 934 pp.

Savage, J.M.; Bolanos, F. 2009. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: additions and nomenclatural revisions. Zootaxa 2005: 1-23.

Savage, J.M.; Talbot, J.J. 1978. The giant anoline lizards of Costa Rica and western Panama. Copeia 1978(3): 480-492.

Savage, J.M.; Vial, J.L. 1973. The venomous coral snakes (genus Micrurus) of Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 21(2): 295-349.

Savage, J.M.; Villa, R.J. 1986. Introduction to the herpetofauna of Costa Rica. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles). 207 pp. (Contributions to Herpetology no. 3).

Schlaepfer, M.A.; Gavin, T.A. 2001. Edge effects on lizards and frogs in tropical forest fragments. Conservation Biology 15(4): 1079-1090.

Scott, N.J. 1969. A zoogeographic analysis of the snakes of Costa Rica. Dissertation Abstracts International 30B: 2472-2473.

Scott, N.J. 1976. The abundance and diversity of the herpetofaunas of tropical forest litter. Biotropica 8(1): 41-58.

Scott, N.J.; Limerick, S. 1983. Reptiles and amphibians. Introduction. pp. 351-367. In: Janzen, D.H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 816 pp.

Scott, N.S.; Savage, J.M.; Robinson, D.C. 1983. Checklist of reptiles and amphibians. pp. 367-374. In: Janzen, D.H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 816 pp.

Slowinski, J.B.; Crother, B.I.; Fauth, J.E. 1988. Diel differences in leaf-litter abundances of several species of reptiles and amphibians in an abandoned cacao grove in Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 35(2): 349-350.

Solorzano, A. 2004. Snakes of Costa Rica: distribution, taxonomy, and natural history. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), place of publication unknown. 791 pp.

Solorzano, A. 2006. Die Schlangen der Osa-Halbinsel. Reptilia (D) 11(61): 28-31.

Solorzano, A. 2006. Snakes of the Osa Peninsula. Reptilia (GB) 48: 30-34.

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