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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.


Taxonomy of the family Colubridae
Bibliography of the genus Hemorrhois
Biodiversity of the family Colubridae








Genus
Hemorrhois

Palearctic Whip Snakes

Westpaläarktische Zornnattern

Vestpalæarktiske Pilsnoge

1826 Hemorrhois Boie (type species: Coluber hippocrepis Linnaeus 1758; syn. Williams & Wallach 1989)
Haemorrhois Boie 1827 [unjustified emendation]
1830 Periops Wagler (type species: Coluber hippocrepis Linnaeus 1758)
1843 Chilolepis Fitzinger (type species: Coluber cliffordi Schlegel 1837)
Contents: 4 species, none of which are endemic.
Endemism: 0% 100%
Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of Coluber (e.g., Mertens & Wermuth 1960). Often misspelled Haemorrhois.
Distribution: N. Africa, S. Europe, Middle East, SW. and C. Asia.
Reported from: Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China (Xinjiang), Cyprus, Egypt (incl. Sinai), Georgia, Gibraltar, Greece (Aegean Islands [incl. Dodecanese Islands (incl. Rhodes)]), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy (Pantelleria), Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Pakistan, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Western Sahara.

Hemorrhois algirus

Algerian Whip Snake, Algerian Grass Snake

Algerische Zornnatter

Algiersk Pilsnog

1863 Periops algira Jan
Zamenis algirus Boulenger 1891
Coluber algirus Villiers 1950
Coluber florulentus algirus Kramer & Schnurrenberger 1959
Haemorrhois algirus [sic] Welch 1980
Eremiophis algirus Welch 1983
Hemorrhois algirus Schätti & Utiger 2001
1929 Coluber algirus intermedius Werner
Coluber florulentus intermedius Pasteur & Bons 1960
Coluber hippocrepis intermedius Bons 1962
Hemorrhois algirus intermedius Baha el Din 2006
1962 Coluber algirus villiersi Bons (Schätti 1986)

Remarks: Chippaux & Jackson (2019) included Niger in the distribution, but no localities in the country were shown in their map. No other references have been found to support the presence of the species in niger.
Introduced to: Malta.
Distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara.


Hemorrhois hippocrepis

Horseshoe Whip Snake, Horseshoe Snake

Hufeisen-Natter

Hesteskosnog

1758 Coluber hippocrepis Linnaeus
Periops hippocrepis Wagler 1830
Zamenis hippocrepis Günther 1858
Tyria hippocrepis Cope 1862
Haemorrhois hippocrepis [sic] Welch 1980
Hemorrhois hippocrepis Welch 1983
1766 Coluber domesticus Linnaeus (Böhme (ed.) 1993)
1824 Natrix bahiensis Wagler (Böhme (ed.) 1993)
1834 Coluber diadema Bonelli (Böhme (ed.) 1993)
1985 Coluber hippocrepis nigrescens Cattaneo (Böhme (ed.) 1993)

Remarks: Faraone, Melfi, Nicola, Giacalone & Valvo (2020) showed that the Italian populations (Pantelleria, Sardinia) are most closely related to Tunisian and East Algerian populations, and their studies supported the hypothesis of a recent origin of the Italian populations, probably determined by human-mediated dispersal from North Africa.
Introduced to: Italy (Pantelleria, Sardinia), Spain (Balearic Islands [Mallorca, Pityusic Islands (Ibiza)]).
Distribution: Algeria, Gibraltar, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia.


Hemorrhois hippocrepis
© Henrik Bringsøe

Hemorrhois nummifer

Coin-marked Whip Snake, Coin-marked Snake, Coin Snake, Leaden-coloured Racer, Lead Wood Snake, (Asian Racer, Reuss' Whip Snake)

Münzennatter

Mønt-pilsnog

1758 Coluber tyria Linnaeus [suppressed] (ICZN (2011): Opinion 2282)
1834 Coluber nummifer Reuss
Zamenis ravergieri nummifer Boettger 1880
Elaphe nummifera Schmidt 1939
Coluber ravergieri nummifer Werner 1971
Hemorrhois nummifer Schätti & Utiger 2001
1858 Zamenis caudaelineatus Günther [part] (Schätti & Agasian 1985)
Elaphe caudaelineata Schmidt 1939
Haemorrhois caudaelineata [sic] Welch 1983
Eremiophis caudaelineata Welch 1983
1863 Periops neglectus Jan (Schätti & Agasian 1985)
1917 Zamenis ater Venzmer [not Zamenis ater Günther 1872] (Schätti & Agasian 1985)
1926 Elaphe dione plumbea Cernov (Schätti & Agasian 1985)
1929 Zamenis venzmeri Werner [substitute name for Zamenis ater Venzmer 1917] (Schätti & Agasian 1985)
Coluber venzmeri Bodenheimer 1944
1936 Coluber nummifer pallaryi Angel (Schätti & Agasian 1985)
1944 Elaphe quatuorlineata sauromates bahtiyari Bodenheimer (Schätti & Agasian 1985; Böhme (ed.) 1993)

Remarks: Coluber tyria Linnaeus 1758, a name often used previously for Spalerosophis diadema, is most likely a senior subjective synonym of nummifer (Schätti, Tillack & Kucharzewski 2009). It has now been suppressed (see above).
Distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Egypt (incl. Sinai), Greece (Aegean Islands [incl. Dodecanese Islands (incl. Rhodes)]), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.

Hemorrhois nummifer
© Henrik Bringsøe

Hemorrhois ravergieri

Mountain Whip Snake, Variegated Whip Snake, Versicolored Wood Snake, (Spotted Whip Snake, Ravergier's Whip Snake)

Bunte Zornnatter

Bjergpilsnog

1832 Coluber ravergieri Menetries
Zamenis ravergieri Boulenger 1893
Haemorrhois ravergieri [sic] Welch 1983
Eremiophis ravergieri Welch 1983
Hemorrhois ravergieri Schätti & Utiger 2001
Platyceps ravergieri Bosch & Bischoff 2004
1832 Coluber maculatus Dwigubskij (Böhme (ed.) 1993)
1838 Coluber cliffordi Martin [not Coluber cliffordi Schlegel 1837] (Böhme (ed.) 1993)
1858 Zamenis caudaelineatus Günther [part] (Schätti & Agasian 1985)
Elaphe caudaelineata Schmidt 1939
Haemorrhois caudaelineata [sic] Welch 1983
Eremiophis caudaelineata Welch 1983
1865 Periops caudolineatus nera Jan (Böhme (ed.) 1993)
1873 Zamenis fedtschenkoi Strauch (Böhme (ed.) 1993)
1885 Zamenis kaufmanni Grum-Grzimailo (Böhme (ed.) 1993)
1896 Zamenis glazunovi Nikolski (Böhme (ed.) 1993)
1952 Coluber ravergieri cernovi Mertens [substitute name for Elaphe dione plumbea Cernov 1926] (Schätti & Agasian 1985)
Haemorrhois ravergieri cernovi [sic] Welch 1983

Other common names:
cernovi: Turkish Whip Snake
Remarks: Previous reports from Iraq (e.g., Khalaf 1959, Leviton & Anderson 1970; repeated by Venchi & Sindaco 2007) are based on confusion with nummifer (Schätti & Agasian 1985). Records from Egypt (e.g., Flower 1933; Schmidt & Marx 1956) refer to nummifer (Baha el Din 2006). Reported from India by some sources, however, it is not considered an Indian species (Whitaker & Captain 2004).
Distribution: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China (Xinjiang), Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.


Hemorrhois ravergieri
© Henrik Bringsøe