Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
 
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Genus
Terrapene
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American Box Turtles
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Dosenschildkröten
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Amerikanske Æskeskildpadder
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1820 |  |
Terrapene Merrem (type species: Testudo clausa Gmelin 1789) |
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1822 | |
Cistuda Fleming (type species: "box turtle" ; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1825 | |
Cistudo Say [substitute name for Cistuda Fleming 1822] (syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1832 | |
Didicla Rafinesque (type species: Testudo clausa Gmelin 1789; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1835 | |
Pyxidemys Fitzinger (type species: Testudo clausa Gmelin 1789; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1844 | |
Emyoides Gray (type species: Emys kinosternoides Gray 1831; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1849 | |
Onychotria Gray (type species: Cistudo mexicana Gray 1849; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1895 | |
Pariemys Cope (type species: Terrapene bauri Taylor 1895; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1895 | |
Toxaspis Cope (type species: Cistudo major Agassiz 1857; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
Contents:
7 species, of which 6 (85.7%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Distribution:
Mexico, USA.
Reported from:
Mexico
(Campeche,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
Quintana Roo,
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Tamaulipas,
Veracruz,
Yucatan),
USA
(Alabama,
Arizona,
Arkansas,
Colorado,
Connecticut,
Delaware,
Florida,
Georgia,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Maryland,
Massachusetts,
Michigan,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
Nebraska,
New Jersey,
New Mexico,
New York
[incl.
Long Island],
North Carolina,
Ohio,
Oklahoma,
Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island,
South Carolina,
South Dakota,
Tennessee,
Texas,
Virginia,
Washington, D.C.,
West Virginia,
Wisconsin,
Wyoming).
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Terrapene carolina
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Eastern Box Turtle, Common Box Turtle
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Östliche Dosenschildkröte, Gewöhnliche Dosenschildkröte, Carolina-Dosenschildkröte (subsp. carolina)
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Østamerikansk Æskeskildpadde
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1758 | |
Testudo carolina Linnaeus |
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Terrapene carolina Bell 1825 |
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Cistudo carolina Gray 1831 |
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1758 | |
Testudo carinata Linnaeus (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Terrapene carinata Strauch 1862 |
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1789 | |
Testudo clausa Gmelin (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Emydes clausa Brongniart 1805 |
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Emys clausa Schweigger 1812 |
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Didicla clausa Rafinesque 1815 |
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Terrapene clausa Merrem 1820 |
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Cistudo clausa Say 1825 |
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Pyxidemys clausa Fitzinger 1843 |
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1789 | |
Testudo incarcerata Bonnaterre (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1789 | |
Testudo incarcerato-striata Bonnaterre (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1801 | |
Testudo virgulata Latreille (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1812 | |
Emys schneideri Schweigger (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1812 | |
Emys virgulata Schweigger (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Terrapene virgulata Fitzinger 1826 |
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1825 | |
Terrapene maculata Bell (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1825 | |
Terrapene nebulosa Bell (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1831 | |
Emys kinosternoides Gray (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Cistudo carolina var. cinosternoides Boulenger 1889 |
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Cistudo cinosternoides Garman 1892 |
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Terrapene cinosternoides Siebenrock 1909 |
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Terrapene kinosternoides Lindholm 1929 |
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1857 | |
Cistudo major Agassiz (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Cistudo carolina var. major Boulenger 1889 |
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Terrapene major Baur 1891 |
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Toxaspis major Cope 1895 |
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Terrapene carolina major Carr 1940 |
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Terrapene major major Wilms in Siebenrock 1999 |
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1857 | |
Cistudo virginea Agassiz (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1869 | |
Cistudo eurypygia Cope (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Terrapene eurypygia Hay 1902 |
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1895 | |
Terrapene bauri Taylor (Fritz & Havas 2006; Martin, Bernstein, Birkhead, Koukl, Mussmann & Placyk 2013) |
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Pariemys bauri Cope 1895 |
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Cistudo bauri Ditmars 1907 |
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Terrapene carolina bauri Carr 1940 |
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1916 | |
Terrapene innoxia Hay (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1916 | |
Terrapene whitneyi Hay (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1920 | |
Terrapene bulverda Hay (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1924 | |
Terrapene impressa Hay (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1933 | |
Terrapene goldmani Stejneger (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1953 | |
Terrapene llanensis Oelrich (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
Other common names:
bauri: Florida Box Turtle
carolina: Woodland Box Turtle
major: Gulf Coast Box Turtle
Remarks:
Previously included mexicana, triunguis, and yucatana, which are treated as a separate species herein, following Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk (2021).
Butler, Dodd, Aresco & Austin (2011) suggested treating bauri as a separate species, however, the studies of
Martin, Bernstein, Birkhead, Koukl, Mussmann & Placyk (2013) were inconclusive regarding its status.
Martin, Bernstein, Birkhead, Koukl, Mussmann & Placyk (2013) proposed to treat mexicana as a separate species with three subspecies
(mexicana, triunguis, yucatana).
Records from Maine and New Hampshire (USA) probably represent extirpated populations (Kiester & Willey 2015).
No breeding has been recorded in Canada, and recent reports from Ontario and possibly Quebec are likely released or escaped pets.
Remains from archaeological sites in Ontario may represent trade items.
Extinct in:
USA
(Maine,
New Hampshire).
Introduced to:
Bahamas
(Little Bahama Bank),
Canada
(Ontario),
Martinique,
USA
(Iowa).
Distribution:
USA
(Alabama,
Arkansas,
Connecticut,
Delaware,
Florida,
Georgia,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Maryland,
Massachusetts,
Michigan,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
New Jersey,
New York
[incl.
Long Island],
North Carolina,
Ohio,
Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island,
South Carolina,
Tennessee,
Texas,
Virginia,
Washington, D.C.,
West Virginia).
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Terrapene carolina
© Rune Midtgaard
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Terrapene coahuila
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Coahuilan Box Turtle, Aquatic Box Turtle
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Coahuila-Dosenschildkröte
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Coahuila-æskeskildpadde
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1944 | |
Terrapene coahuila Schmidt & Owens |
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Terrapene ornata coahuila Mertens & Wermuth 1955 |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Coahuila).
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Terrapene mexicana
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Tamaulipan Box Turtle, Mexican Box Turtle
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Tamaulipas-Dosenschildkröte
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Nordøstmexicansk Æskeskildpadde
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1849 | |
Cistudo mexicana Gray |
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Onychotria mexicana Dugès 1888 |
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Cistudo carolina var. mexicana Boulenger 1889 |
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Onichotria mexicana Herrera 1890 |
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Chelopus mexicanus Velasco 1892 |
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Terrapene mexicana Baur 1893 |
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Terrapene carolina mexicana Milstead 1967 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of carolina (e.g., Fritz & Havas 2006).
Treated as a separate species herein, following Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk (2021).
Although mentioned to occur in Nuevo Leon by Wermuth & Mertens (1977) and Iverson (1992), it appears that Wylie & Grünwald (2017) were the first to confirm the
presence of mexicana in the state.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Hidalgo,
Nuevo Leon,
Puebla,
San Luis Potosi,
Tamaulipas,
Veracruz).
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Terrapene nelsoni
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Spotted Box Turtle, Mexican Black Box Turtle, Sierra Box Turtle, (Nelson's Box Turtle)
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Tropfen-Dosenschildkröte
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Plettet Æskeskildpadde
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1925 | |
Terrapene nelsoni Stejneger |
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1943 | |
Terrapene klauberi Bogert |
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Terrapene nelsoni klauberi Mertens & Wermuth 1955 |
Other common names:
klauberi: Northern Spotted Box Turtle
nelsoni: Southern Spotted Box Turtle
Distribution:
Mexico
(Chihuahua,
Jalisco,
Nayarit,
Sinaloa,
Sonora).
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Terrapene ornata
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Ornate Box Turtle, Western Box Turtle
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Schmuck-Dosenschildkröte
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Vestamerikansk Æskeskildpadde
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1857 | |
Cistudo ornata Agassiz |
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Terrapene ornata Baur 1891 |
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1894 | |
Terrapene ornata var. cimarronensis Cragin (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1908 | |
Terrapene longinsulae Hay [extinct] (Dijk, Iverson, Shaffer, Bour & Rhodin 2012) |
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1952 | |
Terrapene ornata luteola Smith & Ramsay |
Other common names:
luteola: Desert Box Turtle
Introduced to:
South Africa
(Gauteng).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Sonora),
USA
(Arizona,
Arkansas,
Colorado,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Louisiana,
Missouri,
Nebraska,
New Mexico,
Oklahoma,
South Dakota,
Texas,
Wisconsin,
Wyoming).
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Terrapene triunguis
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Three-toed Box Turtle
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Dreizehen-Dosenschildkröte
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Tretået Æskeskildpadde
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1857 | |
Cistudo triunguis Agassiz |
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Terrapene triunguis Baur 1893 |
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Onychotria triunguis Cope 1895 |
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Terrapene carolina triunguis Strecker 1910 |
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Terrapene mexicana triunguis Martin, Bernstein, Birkhead, Koukl, Mussmann & Placyk 2013 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of carolina (e.g., Fritz & Havas 2006).
Treated as a separate species herein, following Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk (2021).
Introduced to:
Guam.
Distribution:
USA
(Alabama,
Arkansas,
Florida,
Georgia,
Illinois,
Kansas,
Louisiana,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
Oklahoma,
Tennessee,
Texas).
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Terrapene yucatana
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Yucatan Box Turtle
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Yucatan-Dosenschildkröte
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Yucatan-æskeskildpadde
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1895 | |
Cistudo yucatana Boulenger |
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Terrapene yucatana Siebenrock 1909 |
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Terrapene mexicana yucatana Smith 1939 |
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Terrapene carolina yucatana Milstead 1967 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of carolina (e.g., Fritz & Havas 2006).
Treated as a separate species herein, following Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk (2021).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Campeche,
Quintana Roo,
Yucatan).
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Terrapene yucatana
© Klaus Dræby
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