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= endemic EX = extinct or assumed extinct
![](../DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
Genus
Eirenis (Middle Eastern Dwarf Snakes) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Eirenis_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Eirenis_bibliography_link.gif) |
Genus
Elaphe (Palearctic-Oriental Rat Snakes) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Elaphe_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Elaphe_bibliography_link.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Elaphe_urartica_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Elaphe urartica
Urartian Rat Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Ananjeva, Orlov, Khalikov, Darevsky, Ryabov & Barabanov 2006 [as E. sauromates]
Boehme & Szczerbak in Boehme (ed.) 1993 [as E. quatuorlineata]
Bosch & Bischoff 2004 [as E. sauromates]
Geniez 2018 [as E. sauromates]
Jablonski, Kukushkin, Avci, Bunyatova, Kumlutas, Ilgaz, Polyakova, Shiryaev, Tuniyev & Jandzik 2019
Kudrjavtsev & Mamet 1989 [as E. sauromates]
Schulz 1996 [as E. sauromates]
Szczerbak 2003 [as E. sauromates]
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
Genus
Natrix (Eurasian Keelbacks) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Natrix_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Natrix_bibliography_link.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Natrix_natrix_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Natrix natrix
Common European Grass Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Ananjeva, Orlov, Khalikov, Darevsky, Ryabov & Barabanov 2006 [as megalocephala]
Anonymous 2005
Bosch & Bischoff 2004
Geniez 2018
Gruber 1989 [as megalocephala]
Kindler, Boehme, Corti, Gvozdik, Jablonski, Jandzik, Metallinou, Siroky & Fritz 2013
Orlov & Tuniyev 1992 [as megalocephala]
Orlov & Tuniyev in Boehme (ed.) 1999 [as megalocephala]
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
Genus
Zamenis (Western Palearctic Rat Snakes) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Zamenis_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Zamenis_bibliography_link.gif) |
Genus
Vipera (Typical Vipers or Adders) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Viperidae/GIF/Vipera_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Vipera_bibliography_link.gif) |
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