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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bothrocophias (Toad-headed Pitvipers)   Bothrocophias hyoprora Amazonian Toad-headed Pitviper Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Amaral & Vale 2011 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carvalho, Fraga, Eler, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Feldberg, Vogt, Carvalho, Noronha, Condrati & Bittencourt 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Araujo, Prudente, Fraga, Almeida & Ascenso 2018 Silva 1993   Bothrocophias microphthalmus Small-eyed Toad-headed Pitviper Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)   * Bothrops alcatraz Alcatrazes Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Marques, Martins & Sazima 2002 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Bothrops alternatus Urutu Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Duleba & Ferreira 2014 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Lima Silveira & Evers 2007 Magalhaes, Paulino & Silva 1991 Nogueira & Valdujo 2001 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Bothrops atrox Common Lancehead Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Dias-Lima 2008 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Ferreira, Sturaro & Peloso 2017 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Gascon & Pereira 1993 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Miranda, Venancio & Albuquerque 2014 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Muller 1976 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 O'Shea 1990 Pantoja & Fraga 2012 Pedroso Santos, Ribeiro Sanches & Costa-Campos 2019 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Turci, Albuquerque, Bernarde & Miranda 2009 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998 Yuki, Galatti & Rocha 1999   Bothrops bilineatus Two-striped Forest Pitviper Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Costa, Machado & Avelar Sao Pedro 2011 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Cavalcante, Filho, Andrade-Oliveira, Lima, Cassiano-Lima, Fernandes-Ferreira & Gonzalez 2022 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Dias, Feio & Santos 2008 Dias-Lima 2008 Feio & Caramaschi 2002 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Pantoja & Fraga 2012 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Ruschi 1966 Silva 1993 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Turci, Albuquerque, Bernarde & Miranda 2009 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013   Bothrops brazili Southern Velvety Lancehead Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Gascon & Pereira 1993 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops cotiara Southeast Brazilian Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   Bothrops diporus Chaco Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Silva & Rodrigues 2008   * Bothrops erythromelas Caatinga Lancehead Borges-Nojosa & Cascon 2005 Calixto & Morato 2017 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Garda, Costa, Santos-Silva, Mesquita, Faria, Conceicao, Silva, Ferreira, Rocha, Palmeira, Rodrigues, Ferrari & Torquato 2013 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Lira da Silva, Casais e Silva, Queiroz & Nunes 1995 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Nascimento-Barbosa, Silva-Amaral, Pereira-Alcantara & Santos 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Pedrosa, Costa, Faria, Franca, Laranjeiras, Oliveira, Palmeira, Torquata, Mott, Vieira & Garda 2014 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Santos Caldas, Borges Costa, Laranjeiras, Oliveira Mesquita & Garda 2016 Tavares Mendonca, Silva Vieira & Nobrega Alves 2014 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   * Bothrops fonsecai Rio de Janeiro Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Manzani, Moreno & Nassif-Mattar 1997 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Bothrops germanoi Moela Island Lancehead Barbo, Booker, Duarte, Chaluppe, Portes-Junior, Franco & Grazziotin 2022   * Bothrops insularis Golden Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Bothrops itapetiningae Itapetininga Lancehead Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Bothrops jabrensis Jabre Lancehead Barbo, Grazziotin, Pereira-Filho, Freitas, Abrantes & Kokubum 2022   Bothrops jararaca Jararaca Abrahao-Morato 2005 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Argolo 2004 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Cavalheri, Siqueira, Brasil-Godinho, Fadel, Trevine, Sartori & Santana 2021 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Dixo & Verdade 2006 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Feio & Caramaschi 2002 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hamdan, Lira da Silva & Napoli 2007 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Hoogmoed 1997 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Tinoco, Couto-Ferreira, Fazolato, Browne-Ribeiro, Travassos, Dias & Mota 2011 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Ruschi 1966 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Souza Palmuti, Cassimiro & Bertoluci 2009 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Tonini, Carao, Pinto, Gasparini, Leite & Costa 2010 Travassos 1944 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   Bothrops jararacussu Jararacussu Abrahao-Morato 2005 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Barbo 2008 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Campbell & Lamar 2004 [confusing Mato Grosso with Mato Grosso do Sul - see remarks in species account] Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Cicchi, Serafim, Sena, Cruz-Centeno & Jim 2009 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Ruschi 1966 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza Palmuti, Cassimiro & Bertoluci 2009 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Tonini, Carao, Pinto, Gasparini, Leite & Costa 2010 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Bothrops leucurus Bahia Lancehead Abrahao-Morato, Lima, Pries Staut, Faria, Souza-Alves, Feitosa Gouveia, Cavilha Scupino, Gomes & Silva 2011 Argolo 2004 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Lima-Duarte, Soares, Silva-Souto & Lira-da-Silva 2003 Lira da Silva, Casais e Silva, Queiroz & Nunes 1995 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Couto-Ferreira, Fazolato, Browne-Ribeiro, Travassos, Dias & Mota 2011 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Porto & Teixeira 1995 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Ripa 1997 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Sant'Anna, Grego & Fernandes 2001 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 [as "cf. leucurus"] Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   * Bothrops lutzi Cerrado Lancehead Borges-Nojosa & Cascon 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Coimbra-Filho & Maia 1979 [as iglesiasi] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Loebmann 2009 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Queiroga Cavalcanti, Borges Costa, Rinaldi Colli, Correa Costa, Rodrigues Franca, Oliveira-Mesquita, Silva Palmeira, Pelegrin, Bello Soares, Tucker & Garda 2014 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro Moura, Magalhaes Pirani & Silva 2013 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Silva & Rodrigues 2008 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013   * Bothrops marajoensis Marajo Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998   * Bothrops marmoratus Marbled Lancehead Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Silva & Rodrigues 2008   Bothrops mattogrossensis Mato Grosso Lancehead Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Duleba & Ferreira 2014 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Mendes-Pinto & Miranda 2011 Monteiro, Montgomery, Spina, Sawaya & Martins 2006 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Silva & Rodrigues 2008 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Bothrops moojeni Brazilian Lancehead Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Hoge, Russo, Santos & Furtado 1981 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Nogueira, Sawaya & Martins 2003 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Pires, Borges, Souza & Eterovick 2012 Ramalho, Silva, Soares, Ferraz, Arruda & Prado 2018 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro Moura, Godinho & Feio 2012 Santos, Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Oliveira, Morais, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Brito & Avila 2015 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Strussmann, Almeida-Prado, Uetanabaro & Ferreira 2000 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Wuster, Pierini & Puorto 1994 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Bothrops muriciensis Murici Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Ferrarezzi & Freire 2001 Freitas, Franca, Graboski, Uhlig & Verissimo 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops neuwiedi Eastern Brazilian Lancehead Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Franca & Araujo 2006 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Lema 1994 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Pires, Borges, Souza & Eterovick 2012 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Santos, Kopp, Spies, Trevisan & Cechin 2005 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Silva & Rodrigues 2008 Silva Lucas, Novelli & Sousa 2016 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Bothrops oligobalius Northern Velvety Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 [as B. brazili] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 [as B. brazili] Dias-Lima 2008 [as B. brazili] Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 [as B. brazili] Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 [as B. brazili] Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   * Bothrops otavioi Vitoria Island Lancehead Barbo, Grazziotin, Sazima, Martins & Sawaya 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   Bothrops pauloensis Black-faced Lancehead Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Ramalho, Silva, Soares, Ferraz, Arruda & Prado 2018 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Silva & Rodrigues 2008 Valdujo, Nogueira & Martins 2002 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Bothrops pirajai Ilheus Lancehead Argolo 2004 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Argolo, Gonner & Verissimo 2014 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops pubescens Pampas Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Ghizoni, Kunz, Cherem & Bernils 2009 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Silva & Rodrigues 2008 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012   * Bothrops sazimai Franceses Island Lancehead Barbo, Gasparini, Almeida, Zaher, Grazziotin, Gusmao, Ferrarini & Sawaya 2016 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   Bothrops taeniatus Speckled Forest Pitviper Amaral 1949 [as castelnaudi] Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 [as castelnaudi] David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 [as B. c. castelnaudi] Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Silva 1993 Souza, Venancio, Freitas, Souza & Verissimo 2013 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Genus Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)   Crotalus durissus South American Rattlesnake Amaral 1949 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Avila-Pires 2005 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Borges-Nojosa & Cascon 2005 Borges-Nojosa & Santos 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Campos & Lage 2013 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Coimbra-Filho & Maia 1979 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Fernandes-Ferreira, Mendonca, Cruz, Borges-Nojosa & Alves 2013 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Hoge, Russo, Santos & Furtado 1981 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Lira da Silva, Casais e Silva, Queiroz & Nunes 1995 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Couto-Ferreira, Fazolato, Browne-Ribeiro, Travassos, Dias & Mota 2011 Mendes-Pinto & Miranda 2011 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nascimento-Barbosa, Silva-Amaral, Pereira-Alcantara & Santos 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 O'Shea 1990 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Ribeiro Barbosa, Nishida, Silva Costa & Ramos Caze 2007 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santos Caldas, Borges Costa, Laranjeiras, Oliveira Mesquita & Garda 2016 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Santos, Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Silva Lucas, Novelli & Sousa 2016 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Oliveira, Morais, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Brito & Avila 2015 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Tavares Mendonca, Silva Vieira & Nobrega Alves 2014 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Uetanabaro, Souza, Filho, Beda & Brandao 2007 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Vitt & Vangilder 1984 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Lachesis (Bushmasters)   Lachesis muta South American Bushmaster Amaral 1949 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Barrio-Amoros, Corrales, Rodriguez, Culebras, Dwyer & Flores 2020 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Borges-Nojosa & Lima-Verde 1999 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Dias-Lima 2008 Feio & Caramaschi 2002 Fernandes, Franco & Fernandes 2004 Fernandes-Ferreira, Mendonca, Cruz, Borges-Nojosa & Alves 2013 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Muller 1976 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Pantoja & Fraga 2012 Pereira Filho, Medeiros Sousa, Sousa, Ribeiro Barbosa, Rodrigues Franca & Freitas 2020 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Albuquerque, Santana, Laranjeiras, Protazio, Franca & Mesquita 2013 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Ruschi 1966 Silva 1993 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zamudio & Greene 1997