Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: March 2nd, 2024.
 
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Genus
Oxybelis
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Neotropical Vine Snakes, American Vine Snakes, Horsewhip Snakes
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Spitznattern
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Nordlige Spidssnoge
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1824 |  |
Dryinus Wagler in Spix [not Dryinus Merrem 1820 (Reptilia: Serpentes); not Dryinus Latreille 1804 (Insecta); not Dryinus Fabricius 1805 (Insecta)] (type species: Dryinus aeneus Wagler 1824) |
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1830 | |
Oxybelis Wagler (type species: Dryinus aeneus Wagler 1824) |
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1848 | |
Plastor Gistel [substitute name for Oxybelis Wagler 1830, erroneously believed preoccupied by Oxybelus Fabricius] |
Contents:
12 species, of which 4 (33.3%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
Previously included
Xenoxybelis argenteus and
X. boulengeri.
Distribution:
SW. USA, Mexico, Central America, South America.
Reported from:
Belize,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Distrito Federal,
Espirito Santo,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Paraiba,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Norte,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Sao Paulo,
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
Colombia
(incl.
Gorgona Island),
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
El Salvador,
French Guiana,
Guatemala,
Guyana,
Honduras
(incl.
Islas de la Bahia
[Barbareta,
Cayos Cochinos
(Cayo Cochino Major,
Cayo Cochino Pequeño),
Guanaja,
Roatan,
Utila]),
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Campeche,
Chiapas,
Chihuahua,
Colima,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Guerrero,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit
[incl.
Islas Marias
(Maria Cleofas,
Maria Madre,
Maria Magdalena)],
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
Quintana Roo
[incl.
Mujeres],
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Tabasco,
Tamaulipas,
Veracruz,
Yucatan,
Zacatecas),
Nicaragua
(incl.
Islas del Maiz
[Isla Grande del Maiz,
Isla Pequeña del Maiz]),
Panama,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Tobago,
Trinidad),
USA
(Arizona),
Venezuela
(incl.
Los Testigos,
Isla Margarita).
| |
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Oxybelis acuminatus
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Atlantic Forest Vine Snake
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Mata-Atlantica-Spitznatter
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Mata Atlantica-spidssnog
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1824 | |
Coluber acuminatus Wied |
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Dryophis acuminatus Fitzinger 1826 |
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Oxybelis acuminatus Cope 1862 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of aeneus (e.g., Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970; Keiser 1974).
Revalidated by Jadin, Jowers, Orlofske, Duellman, Blair & Murphy (2021).
Distribution:
Brazil (Atlantic Forest). Exact limits of distribution is currently unclear.
Reported from:
Brazil
(Espirito Santo).
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Oxybelis aeneus
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Brown Vine Snake, Narrow-headed Brown Vine Snake, Neotropical Vine Snake, Ashy Tree Snake
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Erzspitznatter
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Brun Spidssnog
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1824 | |
Dryinus aeneus Wagler |
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Dryophis aeneus Fitzinger 1826 |
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Oxybelis aeneus Wagler 1830 |
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1825 | |
Dryinus auratus Bell (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970; Keiser 1974) |
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Dryiophis aurata Schlegel 1837 |
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Oxybelis aeneus auratus Bogert & Oliver 1945 |
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Oxybelis auratus Hall 1951 |
Remarks:
Previously included acuminatus, microphthalmus, potosiensis, vittatus, and the populations now assigned to inkaterra, koehleri, and rutherfordi.
Exact distribution boundaries are still unclear, but assumed to include Amazonian parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
Distribution:
The Amazon Basin.
Reported from:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Distrito Federal,
Espirito Santo,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Paraiba,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Norte,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
Ecuador,
Peru,
Venezuela.
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Oxybelis brevirostris
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Short-nosed Vine Snake
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Kurzschnauzen-Spitznatter
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Kortsnudet Spidssnog
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1861 | |
Dryophis brevirostris Cope |
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Oxybelis brevirostris Boulenger 1896 |
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1863 | |
Oxybelis coerulescens Jan (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
Distribution:
Colombia
(incl.
Gorgona Island),
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
Honduras,
Nicaragua,
Panama.
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Oxybelis brevirostris
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Oxybelis fulgidus
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Green Vine Snake, Green Whip Snake, Emerald Tree Snake
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Glanzspitznatter
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Grøn Spidssnog
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1803 | |
Coluber fulgidus Daudin |
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Oxybelis fulgidus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854 |
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1837 | |
Dryiophis catesbyi Schlegel (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
Distribution:
Belize,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Piaui,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
El Salvador,
French Guiana,
Guatemala,
Guyana,
Honduras
(incl.
Islas de la Bahia
[Utila]),
Mexico
(Campeche,
Chiapas,
Guerrero,
Oaxaca,
Quintana Roo,
Tabasco,
Veracruz,
Yucatan),
Nicaragua,
Panama,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Tobago),
Venezuela.
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Oxybelis fulgidus
© Rune Midtgaard
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Oxybelis inkaterra
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Peruvian Vine Snake, (Inkaterra Vine Snake)
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Peruvianische Spitznatter
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Peruviansk Spidssnog
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2021 | |
Oxybelis inkaterra Jadin, Jowers, Orlofske, Duellman, Blair & Murphy |
Remarks:
Known from only few localities, but expected to have a wider range.
Distribution:
Ecuador,
Peru.
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Oxybelis koehleri
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Guatemalan Vine Snake, (Köhler's Vine Snake)
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Guatemalische Spitznatter
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Guatemalansk Spidssnog
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2020 | |
Oxybelis koehleri Jadin, Blair, Orlofske, Jowers, Rivas, Vitt, Ray, Smith & Murphy |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of aeneus.
Distribution:
Costa Rica,
El Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras
(incl.
Islas de la Bahia
[Barbareta,
Cayos Cochinos
(Cayo Cochino Major,
Cayo Cochino Pequeño),
Guanaja,
Roatan,
Utila]),
Nicaragua
(incl.
Islas del Maiz
[Isla Grande del Maiz,
Isla Pequeña del Maiz]).
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Oxybelis koehleri
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Oxybelis microphthalmus
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Thornscrub Vine Snake
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Westmexikanische Spitznatter
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Vestmexicansk Spidssnog
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1926 | |
Oxybelis microphthalmus Barbour & Amaral |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of aeneus (e.g., Schmidt 1953; Keiser 1974).
Revalidated by Jadin, Blair, Orlofske, Jowers, Rivas, Vitt, Ray, Smith & Murphy (2020).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Chihuahua,
Colima,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Guerrero,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit
[incl.
Islas Marias
(Maria Cleofas,
Maria Madre,
Maria Magdalena)]),
Oaxaca,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Zacatecas),
USA
(Arizona).
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Oxybelis potosiensis
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Gulf Coast Vine Snake
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Ostmexikanische Spitznatter
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Østmexicansk Spidssnog
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1941 | |
Oxybelis potosiensis Taylor |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of aeneus (e.g., Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970; Keiser 1974).
Revalidated by Jadin, Blair, Orlofske, Jowers, Rivas, Vitt, Ray, Smith & Murphy (2020).
Presence in Nuevo Leon needs confirmation (Lemos-Espinal, Smith & Cruz 2018 [as aeneus]).
Records of aeneus from Chiapas are tentatively regarded herein as potosiensis, but it is unclear whether microphthalmus or koehleri may be present in the state.
Distribution:
Belize,
Mexico
(Campeche,
Chiapas,
Hidalgo,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
Quintana Roo
[incl.
Mujeres],
San Luis Potosi,
Tabasco,
Tamaulipas,
Veracruz,
Yucatan).
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Oxybelis rutherfordi
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Trinidad Vine Snake, (Rutherford's Vine Snake)
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Trinidad-Spitznatter
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Trinidad-spidssnog
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2020 | |
Oxybelis rutherfordi Jadin, Blair, Orlofske, Jowers, Rivas, Vitt, Ray, Smith & Murphy |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of aeneus.
Exact distribution boundaries are still unclear.
Records of aeneus from Guyana and Surinam are tentatively regarded herein as rutherfordi, since the species is present on both sides of these countries in Venezuela and French Guiana.
Distribution:
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Tobago,
Trinidad),
Venezuela
(incl.
Los Testigos,
Isla Margarita).
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Oxybelis transandinus
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Bosqueira Vine Snake
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Bosqueira-Spitznatter
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Bosqueira-spidssnog
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2021 | |
Oxybelis transandinus Torres-Carvajal, Mejía-Guerrero & Terán |
Distribution:
Ecuador.
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Oxybelis vittatus
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Striped Vine Snake
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Gestreifte Spitznatter
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Stribet Spidssnog
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1854 | |
Dryophis vittatus Girard |
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Oxybelis vittatus Jadin, Blair, Orlofske, Jowers, Rivas, Vitt, Ray, Smith & Murphy 2020 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of aeneus (e.g., Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970; Keiser 1974).
Revalidated by Jadin, Blair, Orlofske, Jowers, Rivas, Vitt, Ray, Smith & Murphy (2020).
The species has only been confirmed from Panama, but some records of aeneus west of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru may represent vittatus, pending
further studies, whereas aeneus is assumed to be present east of the Andes in all three countries.
Status of inter-Andean and northern Colombian records of aeneus is unclear.
Distribution:
Panama.
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Oxybelis vittatus
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Oxybelis wilsoni
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Yellow Vine Snake
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Gelbe Spitznatter
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Gul Spidssnog
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1995 | |
Oxybelis wilsoni Villa & McCranie |
Distribution:
Honduras
(Islas de la Bahia:
Roatan).
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