Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Related bibliographies: Reptiles Snakes Viperidae Africa Asia Europe Middle East Mediterranean Sea Taxonomy of the genus Vipera Biodiversity of the family Viperidae Bibliography of the genus Vipera (Typical Vipers or Adders) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted. Vipera in general Angelici, F.M.; Luiselli, L. 1998. Ornithophagy in Italian snakes: a review. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France Evolution et Zoologie 123(1): 15-22. Bakiev, A.G.; Ratnikov, V.Y.; Zinenko, A.I. 2007. [About forming of vipers' fauna of the Volga river basin]. (In Russian). Izvestiya Samarskogo Nauchnogo Centra Rossiskaya Akademii Nauk 9(1)(19): 163-170. Bakradze, M.A. 1975. [Distribution of Vipera laurenti in south Georgia]. Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo Muzeya Gruzii (A) 28: 411-412. Basoglu, M. 1949. On some varieties of Vipera berus from the extreme N.E. Anatolia. Revue Faculte des Sciences Universite d'Istanbul 1948: 143-160. Bea, A. 1986. A general review of the dorsal scales microornamentation in Vipera species (Reptilia: Viperidae). pp. 367-371. In: Rocek, Z. (ed.). Studies in herpetology. Proceedings of the European herpetological meeting (3rd ordinary general meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica), Prague 1985. Charles University, Prague. 754 pp. Bea, A. 1987. The microonamentation unities of the Oberhauchten of the dorsal scales in Vipera species (Reptilia: Viperidae). pp. 59-62. In: van Gelder, J.J., Strijbosch, H. & Bergers, P.J.M. (eds.). Proceedings of the 4th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Faculty of Sciences, Nijmegen. 473 pp. Bea, A.; Brana, F.; Baron, J.P.; Saint-Girons, H. 1992. Regimes et cycles alimentaires des viperes europeennes (Reptilia, Viperidae). Etude comparee. Annee Biologique 31(1): 25-44. Bergman, J.; Norstrom, M. 1994. Some notes on the genus Vipera (Serpentes: Viperidae: Viperinae) in Anatolia, Turkey. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 14(6): 166-175. Boyer, J. 1945. Les vipères de France. Nature (Paris) 1941(3072): 257-260. Brito, J.C.; Rebelo, A.; Crespo, E.G. 2001. Viper killings for superstitious reasons in Portugal. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola 12(2): 101-104. Bruno, S. 1985. Le vipere d'Italia e d'Europa. Edagricole, Bologna: V-Viii, 1-269. Damme, R. van; Verheyen, R. 1987. Parameters in the thermal ecology of the common lizard, Lacerta vivipara. (Mistitled for: Thermal dependence of chemoreceptive predator-recognition inLacerta vivipara). pp. 421-424. In: van Gelder, J.J.; Strijbosch, H. & Bergers, P.J.M. (eds.). Proceedings of the 4th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Faculty of Sciences, Nijmegen. 473 pp. Denis, J. 1936. Observations sur l'altitude atteinte par les vipères dans les Pyrenées. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 61: 404-405. Duguy, R. 1972. Biologie des vipères dans les Pyrénées. Science et Nature (Paris) 1972(109): 9-16. Duron, P.; Acolat, L. 1956. Le couleuvre verte et jaune (Zamenis viridiflavus viridiflavus Lacep.) peut contribuer a la destruction des vipères. Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Doubs 58: 179-183. Duron, P.; Acolat, L. 1957. La couleuvre verte et jaune (Zamenis viridiflavus (Lacep.) peut contribuer a la destruction des vipères. Ann. Sci. Univ. BesanYon (2) Zool. et Phys. 6: 179-183. Ettling, J.A.; Aghasyan, A.L.; Aghasyan, L.A. 2015. The conservation of rare Armenian vipers Montivipera raddei and Pelias spp. pp. 81–88. In: Zoological Society of London (ed.). International Zoo Yearbook. Vol. 49. Reptile Conservation. Zoological Society of London, London. 442 pp. Ferchaud, A.L.; Ursenbacher, S.; Cheylan, M.; Luiselli, L.M.; Jelic, D.; Halpern, B.; Major, A.; Kotenko, T.; Najme, K.; Behrooz, R.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.; Tomovic, L.; Ghira, I.; Ioannidis, Y. 2012. Phylogeography of the Vipera ursinii complex (Viperidae): mitochondrial markers reveal an east-west disjunction in the Palaearctic region. Journal of Biogeography 39(10): 1836-1847. Feuillee-Billot, A. 1929. Les ennemis naturels des vipères du Herisson a la couleuvre lisse. pp. 177-178. Nature, Paris. Gasc, J.P. 1968. Morphologie des hemipenis chez Vipera ursinii ursinii (Bonaparte) et discussion biogeographique sur la repartition des espèces du genre Vipera en Europe occidentale. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 40: 95-101. Grano, M.; Meier, G.; Cattaneo, C. 2017. Vipere Italiane – Gli ultimi studi sulla sistematica, l´ecologia e la storia naturale. Publisher unknown, Aicurzio. 197 pp. Herrmann, H.W.; Joger, U.; Nilson, G. 1992. Molecular phylogeny and systematics of viperine snakes. 1. General phylogeny of European vipers (Vipera sensu stricto). pp. 219-224. In: Korsos, Z. & Kiss, I. (eds.): Proceedings of the 6th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 19-23 August 1991, Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 531 pp. Herrmann, H.W.; Joger, U.; Nilson, G.; Sibley, C.G. 1987. First steps towards a biochemically based reconstruction of the phylogeny of the genus Vipera. pp. 195-200. In: van Gelder, J.J., Strijbosch, H. & Bergers, P.J.M. (eds.). Proceedings of the 4th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Faculty of Sciences, Nijmegen. 473 pp. Istituto Erpetologico Italiano di Verona 1974. Vipère: un pericola crescente. Natura Alp. 1974(3): 164-170. Jirousek, V. 1983. Systematic survey of adders of genus Vipera. Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 8: 71-94. Joger, U.; Herrmann, H.W.; Nilson, G. 1992. Molecular phylogeny and systematics of viperine snakes. 2. A revision of the Vipera ursinii complex. pp. 239-244. In: Korsos, Z. & Kiss, I. (eds.): Proceedings of the 6th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 19-23 August 1991, Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 531 pp. Joger, U.; Lenk, P.; Baran, I.; Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T.; Heidrich, P.; Wink, M. 1997. The phylogenetic position of Vipera barani and of V. nikolskii within the Vipera berus complex. pp. 185-194. In: Böhme, W.; Bischoff, W. & Ziegler, T. (eds.). Herpetologia Bonnensis. Proceedings of the 8th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 23-27 August 1995, Bonn, Germany. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Bonn. 414 pp. Kaletzkaya, M.L. 1956. [Contribution to the biology of viper]. (In Russian). Priroda (Moscow) 5: 101-102. Kalyabina, S.A.; Schweiger, S.; Joeger, U.; Mayer, W.; Orlov, N.L.; Wink, M. 2004. Phylogeny and systematics of adders (Vipera berus complex). Mertensiella 15: 7-15. Keller-Zschokke, J.V. 1928. Von den Giftschlangen in Westlichen Schweizer Jura. A. Die Kreuzotter in den Kantonen Neuenburg und Waadt, pp. 83-87. B. Die Vipèrerie in Baulmes, Kanton Waadt. Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Solothurn 8: 88-93. Kemier, L. 1945. Notes au sujet de l'hieroglyphe et des vipères dans l'Egypte ancienne. L. Keimer. Etud D'Egyptol. Le Caire Fasc. 7: 1-52. Knoefel, P.K. 1991. Abati's work on the amazing nature of the viper and its miraculous powers. Toxicon 29(3): 301-309. Leenders, T. 1994. The changing face of the genus Vipera. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 14(5): 145-152. Massia, G. 1928. Note sur l'habitat des vipères. Bull. Soc. linn. Lyon 7(5): 39. Mizsei, E.; Jablonski, D.; Roussos, S.A.; Dimaki, M.; Ioannidis, Y.; Nilson, G.; Nagy, Z.T. 2017. Nuclear markers support the mitochondrial phylogeny of Vipera ursinii-renardi complex (Squamata: Viperidae) and species status for the Greek meadow viper. Zootaxa 4227(1): 75-88. Naulleau, G. 1982. Action de la temperature sur la digestion chez les viperes espagnoles du genre Vipera. Publicaciones del Centro Pirenaico de Biologia Experimental 13: 89-94. Naulleau, G. 1983. Action de la temperature sur la digestion chez cinq especes de viperes europeennes du genre Vipera. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 108(1): 47-58. Nikolsky, A.M. 1910. De nova g. Viperae specie e Caucaso. Mitt. Kaukas. Mus. (Tiflis) 51: 81-84. Nilson, G. 1998. Venomous snakes in west Asia: applicability of current species concepts. Russian Journal of Herpetology 5(2): 92-96. Nilson, G.; Tuniyev, B.; Andren, C.; Orlov, N.L.; Joger, U.; Herrmann, H.W. 1999. Taxonomic position of the Vipera xanthina complex. Kaupia Darmstädter Beiträge Zur Naturgeschichte 8: 99-102. Obst, F.J. 1983. Zur Kenntnis der Schlangengattung Vipera (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 38(13) [1982]: 229-235. Orth, K. 2002. Einige Vipern aus Europa im Terrarium. Reptilia (D) 7(33): 26-30. Orth, K. 2002. European vipers in the terrarium. Reptilia (GB) 22: 25-29. Phisalix, M. 1928. Capture des vipères. Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. du Doubs Besancon 1927(36): 43-45. Phisalix, M. 1937. Les vipères au jardin du Roy et a l'academie des sciences. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 62: 5-21. Phisalix, M. 1969. La livree des vipères de France. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) (Ser. 2) 40: 661-676. Police, G. 1909. Caso di melanismo in una Vipera nel mezzogiorno d'Italia. Napoli Annuario Museo Zool. N.S. 3(6): 1-3. Police, G. 1911. Due casi di morsicatura di Vipera. Napoli Boll. Soc. nat. 24 [1910]: 5-8. Pozzi, A. 1985. Ma non sono tutte vipere. Natura Oggi 3(8): 124-135. Redi, F. 1988. Francesco Redi on vipers. E.J. Brill, Leiden, New York etc.: I-Xviii, 1-86. Reuss, T. 1927. Beschreibung neuer Vipern aus Jugoslawien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 71: 215-223. Saint Girons, H. 1981. Le cycle des mues chez les viperes europeenes. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 105(4) [1980]: 551-559. Saint Girons, H. 1982. Cycle annuel et survie de quelques viperes d'Europe. Influence des temperatures exceptionellement elevees de l'annee 1976. Vie et Milieu 31(1) [1981]: 59-64. Saint Girons, H.; Duguy, R.; Detrait, J. 1984. Les viperes du sud du Massif Central: morphologie externe et venins. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 119 [1983]: 81-86. Saint Girons, H.; Naulleau, G. 1981. Poids des nouveau-nes et strategies reproductrices des viperes europeennes. Terre et la Vie 35(4): 597-616. Saint-Girons, H. 1975. Observations preliminaires sur la thermoregulation des vipères d'Europe. Vie et Milieu (C) 25(1): 137-168. Saint-Girons, H. 1976. Les differentes types de cycles sexuels des males chez les vipères europeennes. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances Academie des Sciences (Paris) 282(10): 1017-1019. Saint-Girons, H. 1978. Morphologie externe comparee et systematique des vipères d'Europe (Reptilia, Viperidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 85(3): 565-595. Saint-Girons, H. 1978. Thermoregulation comparee des vipères d'Europe. Étude biotelemetrique. La Terre et la Vie (Paris) 32(3): 417-440. Saint-Girons, H. 1979. Les cycles alimentaires des vipères europeennes dans des conditions semi-naturelles. Annales de Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique 19(1a): 125-134. Schmidt, D. 1989. The snakes of Transcaucasia. Part 3. Eirenis, Telescopus and Vipera. Snake Keeper 3(1): 13-18. Shine, R.; Madsen, T. 1994. Sexual dichromatism in snakes of the genus Vipera: a review and a new evolutionary hypothesis. Journal of Herpetology 28(1): 114-117. Shiryaev, K.A. 2005. New data on reproductive biology of Caucasian species of the genus Vipera. Russian Journal of Herpetology 12: 213-215. (Supplement). Starkov, V.G.; Osipov, A.V.; Utkin, Y.N. 2007. Toxicity of venoms from vipers of Pelias group to crickets Gryllus assimilis and its relation to snake entomophagy. Toxicon 49(7): 995-1001. Stejneger, L.H. 1936. Types of the amphibian and reptilian genera proposed by Laurenti in 1768. Copeia 1936(3): 133-141. Tuniyev, B.S. 2016. Rare species of Shield-head Vipers in the Caucasus. Nature Conservation Research 1(3): 11–25. Vanni, S.; Lanza, B. 1982. Note di erpetologia Italiana: Salamandra, Triturus, Rana, Phyllodactylus, Podarcis, Coronella, Vipera. Natura (Milano) 73(1-2): 3-22. Zinenko, O.; Stümpel, N.; Mazanaeva, L.; Bakiev, A.; Shiryaev, K.; Pavlov, A.; Kotenko, T.; Kukushkin, O.; Chikin, Y.; Duisebayeva, T.; Nilson, G.; Orlov, N.L.; Sako, T.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Murphy, R.W.; Joger, U. 2015. Mitochondrial phylogeny shows multiple independent ecological transitions and northern dispersion despite of Pleistocene glaciations in meadow and steppe vipers (Vipera ursinii and Vipera renardi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 85-100. Vipera altaica Tuniyev, B.; Nilson, G.; Andrén, C. 2010. A new species of viper (Reptilia, Viperidae) from the Altay and Saur Mountains, Kazakhstan. Russian Journal of Herpetology 17(2): 110-120. Zinenko, O.; Stümpel, N.; Mazanaeva, L.; Bakiev, A.; Shiryaev, K.; Pavlov, A.; Kotenko, T.; Kukushkin, O.; Chikin, Y.; Duisebayeva, T.; Nilson, G.; Orlov, N.L.; Sako, T.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Murphy, R.W.; Joger, U. 2015. Mitochondrial phylogeny shows multiple independent ecological transitions and northern dispersion despite of Pleistocene glaciations in meadow and steppe vipers (Vipera ursinii and Vipera renardi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 85-100. Vipera ammodytes Afsar, M.; Cicek, K.; Dincaslan, Y.E.; Ayaz, D.; Tok, C.V. 2013. New record localities of five snake species in Turkey. Herpetozoa 25(3-4): 179-183. Ajtic, R.D. 2008. [Nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes) conservation problems in Serbia]. (In Serbian). Zashtita Prirode 60(1-2): 319-326. Akkaya, A.; Ugurtas, I.H. 2012. Rediscovery of Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) at Uludag-Bursa, Turkey after 62 years. Herpetozoa 24(3-4): 181-185. Arikan, H.; Göcmen, B.; Mermer, A.; Bahar, H. 2005. An electrophoretic comparison of the venoms of a colubrid and various viperid snakes from Turkey and Cyprus, with some taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. Zootaxa 1038: 1-10. Arikan, H.; Kumlutas, Y.; Türkozan, O.; Baran, I. 2003. Electrophoretic patterns of some viper venoms from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 27(3): 239-242. Baran, I. 1978. Some rare species of snakes from Turkey. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 81 [1977]: 261-265. Beek, H. van de 1991. Vipera ammodytes ammodytes - sandviper. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 11(6): 144. Beshkov, V.A. 1977. Über die Biologie und Ökologie der Schlangen im Maleshevskigebirge (Südwest-Bulgarien). 3. Nahrung und Fortpflanzung der Sandotter Vipera ammodytes meridionalis Boulenger). Ekologiya (Sofia) 3: 3-12. Beshkov, V.A.; Nankinov, D.N. 1979. Materialen über die Ornithophagia der Schlangen im Gebirge 'Maleschevska' (Südwestbulgarien). Ekologiya (Sofia) 5: 55-63. Biella, H.J. 1983. Die Sandotter Vipera ammodytes. Neue Brehm-Bücherei 558: 1-84. Biella, H.J. 1983. Intermediäre und abnorme Sandvipern aus der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Staatlichen Museums für Tierkunde Dresden (Reptilia: Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 38(14) [1982]: 237-245. Biella, H.J. 1984. Zum Erbgang qualitativer Merkmale bei der Kreuzung von Vipera ammodytes ammodytes mit Vipera ammodytes montandoni (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 39(7) [1983]: 99-105. Biella, H.J. 1995. Die Sandotter. (Reprint). VerlagsKG Wolf (formerly Westarp Wissenschaften), Magdeburg. 108 pp. (Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 558). Biella, H.J.; Blattler, E. 1989. Problematik der unterartlichen Eingliederung nord-und südwestlicher Vipera ammodytes - Populationen, dargestellt am Biespiel der südslowenischen Sandviper (Reptilia, Serpentes: Viperidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 45(2): 11-22. Biella, H.J.; Blattler, E. 1992. Zur geographischen Variation eidonomischer Merkmale bei der Sandviper (Vipera ammodytes). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 68(2): 249-258. Bogdanov, O.P. 1971. New data on the reproduction of horned viper, Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana Boulenger. Soobshcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR 64(3): 711-712. Bogoescu, C. 1933. Vipera ammodytes in Jud. Bacau. Bull. Soc. Nat. Romania Bucuresti 3: 7-8. Bolkay, S.J. 1923. On a case of cannibalism among Vipera ammodytes L. Glasn. Hrv. Pris. Drust. Zagreb 35: 16. Boulenger, G.A. 1903. On the geographical variations of the sand-viper, Vipera ammodytes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1: 185-186. Boulenger, G.A. 1904. On the sandviper of Roumania (Vipera ammodytes, var. montandoni). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 14: 134-135. Boulenger, G.A. 1913. On the geographical races of Vipera ammodytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (London) 11: 283-287. Bozhansky, A.T.; Kudryavtsev, S.V. 1986. [The sand viper Vipera ammodytes]. (In Russian). Priroda (Moscow) 1986(2): 46-47. Bozhansky, A.T.; Kudryavtsev, S.V. 1986. Ecological observations of the rare vipers of the Caucasus. pp. 495-498. In: Rocek, Z. (ed.). Studies in herpetology. Proceedings of the European herpetological meeting (3rd ordinary general meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica), Prague 1985. Charles University, Prague. 754 pp. Bringsoe, H. 1985. Remarks on: 'Some amphibians and reptiles of Corfu with a special note on the occurrence of the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes)' (Stafford P. The Herptile, 9(3) Sept 1984 pp. 105-108). Herptile 10(1): 23-24. Bruno, S. 1967. Sulla Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus 1758) in Italia. Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona 15: 289-336. Buchholz, K.F.; Schultze-Westrum, T. 1964. Zur Kenntnis der Schlangenfauna der nördlichen Sporaden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 173: 127-136. Calinescu, R.I. 1926. Vipera ammodytes Cuv. in Romania. Trav. Inst. Geograph. Univ. Cluj. Roumanie 2 [1924-1925]: 261-290. Carruccio, A. 1909. Esemplari di Vipera ammodytes del Montenegro donati al Museo zoologico di Roma da S. M. la Regina Elena. Roma Boll. Soc. zool. ital. 10: 278-286. Cattaneo, A. 1997. L'erpetofauna dell'isola greca di Skiathos (Sporadi settentrionali). Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 136(2): 145-156. Cattaneo, A. 1999. Gli anfibi e i rettili delle isole greche di Skyros, Skopelos e Alonissos (Sporadi settentrionali). Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 139(2): 127-149. Cattaneo, A. 2010. Note eco-morfologiche su alcune species ofidiche egee, con particolare riferimento alle popolazioni delle cicladi centro-orientali (Reptilia). Naturalista Siciliano 34(3-4): 319-350. Christov, K.; Beshkov, V.A. 1999. On the subspecies morphological characteristics of the sandvipers (Vipera ammodytes) from different locations in Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 51(2-3): 61-67. Christov, K.; Matev, I.; Iliev, Y. 1997. Major characteristics of three Vipera ammodytes subspecies from laboratory conditions. Folia Zoologica 46(3): 286-288. Clark, R.J. 1967. Centipede in stomach of young Vipera ammodytes meridionalis. Copeia 1967: 224. Clark, R.J. 1968. Aussergewöhnliche Farbung und Zeichnung bei Vipera ammodytes mendionalis von griechischen Inseln. Salamandra 4: 69-72. Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.M. 2002. Notes of diurnal activity in Vipera ammodytes of the central Balkans. Biota (Race) 3(1-2): 9-16. Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.M.; Ajtic, R.D.; Tomovic, L.M. 2007. Activity patterns of the sand viper (Vipera ammodytes) from the central Balkans. Amphibia-Reptilia 28(4): 582-589. Cubric, T.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J. 2017. Malformation of eye pupil in nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes) from a wild population. Herpetology Notes 10: 229-231. Cundall, D. 2002. Envenomation strategies, head form and feeding ecology in vipers. pp. 149-161. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp. Debogovic, Z.; Heisinger Puric, A. 1981. Seasonal variations of the toxicity of Vipera ammodytes venom from the vicinity of Slunj over a five-year period. Veterinarski Arhiv 51 (Suppl.): 34-36. Dobrilla, R.; Dolce, S. 1996. Studio morfologico delle popolazioni di Vipera ammodytes (L., 1758) di Friuli, Venezia-Giulia, Istria e Dalmazia. Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste 47: 285-300. Eiselt, J.; Baran, I. 1970. Ergebnisse zoologischer Sammelreisen in der Türkei: Viperidae. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 74: 357-369. Esterbauer, H. 1987. Pflege und Nachzucht der westlichen Sand- oder Hornotter Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758). Aquaria (St. Gallen) 34(9): 143-147. Faoro, G. 1986. Bemerkungen zur Verbastardierung von Vipera ammodytes ammodytes mit Vipera aspis atra. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 8(43): 6-7. Fuhn, I.E. 1986. [Melanism and head abnormalities in a specimen of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes (L., 1758) (Viperidae, Serpentes, Reptilia) in the surroundings of Resita]. (In Romanian). Studii Si Cercetari de Biologie Seria Biologie Animala 38(1): 7-10. Georgescu, B.; Salajan, G.H.; Georgescu, D.; Mierlita, D.; Neagoe, E. 1997. Preliminary studies on the lethal action of the venom from Vipera ammodytes depending on the age. Buletinul Universitatii de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara Cluj Napoca Seria Zootehnie si Biotehnologii si Medicina Veterinara 51(1): 15-18. Georgescu, B.; Salajan, G.H.; Iozon, D.; Mierlita, D.; Odagiu, A. 2000. Cercetari privind evolutia consumului voluntar de hrana pe durata unui sezon activ la specia Vipera ammodytes in conimtiile alimentarii cu soareci albi de laborator. [Studies on voluntary food ingestion of white laboratory mice in Vipera ammodytes snakes during an active season]. (In Romanian). pp. 247-251. In: Man, C. (ed.). Simpozion National "Realizari si Perspective in Zootehnie si Biotehnologii": lucrari stiintifice: Vol. XXVI (1) Cluj-Napoca, 17-18 noiembrie 2000. [National symposium "Achievements and Expectations in Animal Husbandry and Biotechnologies": scientific debates: Vol.XXVI (1), Cluj-Napoca, 17-18 November 2000]. Editura AcademicPres, Cluj-Napoca. 259 pp. Georgescu, B.; Salajan, G.H.; Iozon, D.; Mierlita, D.; Odagiu, A. 2003. Studies on the length and quality of digestion of the species Vipera ammodytes. Buletinul Universitatii de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara Cluj Napoca Seria Zootehnie si Biotehnologii 59: 240-243. Georgescu, B.; Salajan, G.H.; Mierlita, D.; Iozon, D.; Odagiu, A. 1999. Studies concerning the variations in the digestibility of food in the ammodytes ammodytes viper, in considering the used diet resource (mice, chicken, cattle meat). Buletinul Universitatii de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara Cluj Napoca Seria Zootehnie si Biotehnologii si Medicina Veterinara 53: 37-40. Georgescu, B.; Salajan, G.H.; Mierlita, D.; Iozon, D.; Odagiu, A.; Campean, A. 1999. Comparative researches on voluntary food ingestion and venom production between a group of wild, recently captured sand vipers and a group of born and bred captive sand vipers. Buletinul Universitatii de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara Cluj Napoca Seria Zootehnie si Biotehnologii si Medicina Veterinara 53: 41-44. Georgiev, D.; Raichev, E. 2009. A record of horned viper Vipera ammodytes (L.) in the diet of the stone marten Martes foina (Erxl.) (Mammalia: Mustelidae) in Bulgaria. ZooNotes 5: 1-2. Gestel, P. van 1983. Breeding results. Vipera ammodytes. Litteratura Serpentium 3(5): 171. Ghira, I. 1992. External morphology of some isolated populations of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) at the northern limit of its areal [area]. pp. 183-186. In: Korsos, Z. & Kiss, I. (eds.): Proceedings of the 6th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 19-23 August 1991, Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 531 pp. Ghira, I.; Stugren, B. 1988. Verteilung von Amphibien und Reptilien auf Höhenzonen im Retezat-Gebirge. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Biologia 33(2): 69-75. Goslawski, K. 1984. Raising of the sand viper, Vipera ammodytes (L.). Przeglad Zoologiczny 28(3): 287-289. Gulden, J.C. 1988. Hibernation and breeding of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 8(4): 168-172. Happ, H.; Wieser, D. 2008. Die Hornotter Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) - in Kärnten vom Aussterben bedroht! Ist Hilfe noch möglich? Carinthia II 118(1): 83-94. Haxhiu, I. 1989. Some data on the variability of the nutrition of the viper (V. ammodytes L.) in our country. Buletin I Shkencave Te Natyres Tirane 43(4): 54-60. Hecke, H. 1966. Schlangenkönig. Carinthia II 76: 85-86. Heckes, U.; Gruber, H.J.; Stümpel, N. 2005. Vipera ammodytes - Hornotter, Sandviper. pp. 81-150. In: Joger, U. & Stümpel, N. (eds.). Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Schlangen III. Viperidae. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 420 pp. Janoo, A.; Gasc, J.P. 1992. High speed motion analysis of the predatory strike and fluorographic study of oesophageal deglutition in Vipera ammodytes: more than meets the eye. Amphibia-Reptilia 13(4): 315-325. Jelic, D.; Ajtic, R.; Sterijovski, B.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.; Lelo, S.; Tomovic, L. 2013. Distribution of the genus Vipera in the western and central Balkans (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetozoa 25(3-4): 109-132. Jelic, D.; Ajtic, R.; Sterijovski, B.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.; Lelo, S.; Tomovic, L. 2013. Legal status and assessment of conservation threats to vipers (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) of the western and central Balkans. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 8(3): 764-770. Karis, M.; Göçmen, B. 2016. Notes on the reproduction of the Transcaucasian Nose-horned Viper, Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana Boulenger, 1913 (Ophidia: Viperidae) from the Isik Mountain (Cankiri, Turkey). Biharean Biologist 10(2): 148-149. Karstens, R. 1986. Breeding results. Vipera aspis (female) X Vipera ammodytes (male). Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 6(5): 203-204. Katke, P.; Trapp, B. 2000. Die Sandotter Vipera ammodytes. Reptilia (D) 5(21): 51-56. Keymar, P.F. 1985. Additional remarks on: 'Some amphibians and reptiles of Corfu with a special note on the occurrence of the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes)' (Stafford P. Herptile 9(3) Sept 1984 pp. 105-108). Herptile 10(1): 25. Kornyei, T.M. 1982. Observations on Vipera ammodytes and Vipera berus during the pre-sloughing period. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 17(4): 85-95. Krecsák, L. 2008. Albinism and leucism among European Viperinae: a review. Russian Journal of Herpetology 15(2): 97-102. Kutrup, B. 1999. The morphology of Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana (Reptilia, Viperidae) specimens collected from Murgul (Artvin, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology 23(4): 433-438. Laue, H. 1975. Geburt und Aufzucht von Vipera ammodytes im Zimmerterrarium. Aquarien Terrarien Monatschrift für Ornithologie und Vivarienkunde 22(12): 424-425. Luiselli, L. 1996. Food habits of an alpine population of the sand viper (Vipera ammodytes). Journal of Herpetology 30(1): 92-94. Luiselli, L.; Zuffi, M.A.L. 2002. Female life history traits of the aspic viper (Vipera aspis) and sand viper (V. ammodytes) from the Mediterranean region. pp. 279-284. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp. Mamet, S.; Kudryavtsev, S.V. 1999. Short notes on the captive husbandry and breeding of rare long-nosed caucasian viper Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana at the Moscow Zoo. Russian Journal of Herpetology 6(1): 79-80. Mebert, K.; Jagar, T.; Rok, G.; Cafuta, V.; Luiselli, L.; Ostanek, E.; Golay, P.; Dubey, S.; Golay, J.; Ursenbacher, S. 2015. The dynamics of coexistence: habitat sharing versus segregation patterns among three sympatric montane vipers. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 116(2): 364-376. Melani, E. 2005. The nose-horned viper Vipera ammodytes. Reptilia (GB) 41: 73-79. Muntean, M.E.; Ghira, I.V.; Marosi, B.A. 2009. Comparative study on the chemical perception and prey odor preference in newborns of Coluber and Viper snake species. Herpetologica Romanica 3: 41-45. Naulleau, G.; Detrait, J. 1984. Incidence de l'elevage en captivite sur la fonction venimeuse chez Vipera aspis et Vipera ammodytes. Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78: 219-236. Neumann, P. 1986. Einige Erkenntnisse über Hornviperzucht Vipera ammodytes montanodoni Boulenger, 1904. Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 11: 79-80. Obermayer, G. 1967. Vipera aspis zinnikeri x V. ammondytes ammodytes. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 20: 255-256. Pezdirc, M.; Zagar, A.; Carretero, M.A. 2013. First record of dicephalism in Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758), from Slovenia. Herpetozoa 26(1-2): 94-95. Prasent, I. 1977. Ein neues Vorkommen der alpinen Hornotter. Carinthia II 167(87): 385-386. Puschnig, R. 1951. Unsere Vipern. Carinthia II 61: 124-132. Ripa, D. 1983. Breeding results. Vipera ammodytes montandoni. Litteratura Serpentium 3(1): 43. Rogner, M. 1995. Zur Herpetofauna der Insel Korfu. Teil 2 (Schluss): Eidechsen und Schlangen. Aquarium (Bornheim) 318: 41-43. Roussos, S.A. 2013. Geographic distribution: Vipera ammodytes (Long-nosed or Nose-horned Viper). Herpetological Review 44(4): 631. Schweiger, M. 1992. Die Europäische Hornotter Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758). Teil 1: Systematik, Ökologie und Lebensweise. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 14(77): 11-22. Schweiger, M. 1992. Die Europäische Hornotter Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758). Teil 2: Haltung und Zucht. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 14(78): 11-16. Schweiger, M. 2009. Haltung, Zucht und Aufzucht der Europäischen Hornotter Vipera ammodytes. Reptilia (D) 14(76): 26-33. Schweiger, M. 2009. Vipera ammodytes: von abnormen Vipern und Hybriden. Draco 10(3) (39): 22-30. Sergent, E. 1947. A propos de la Vipera ammodytes. Arch. Inst. Pasteur d'Algerie 5(25)(1): 71-76. Slavtchev, R.S. 1985. Sur les quantites de venin sec recueillies a partir de specimens de Vipera ammodytes L., 1758 (Reptilia, Viperidae) de Bulgarie en captivite. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de Tunis 62(4): 385-395. Sochurek, E. 1951. Die Hornotter (Vipera a. ammodytes L.) in Kärnten. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 4: 131-134. Sochurek, E. 1953. Ein schwerer Hornotternbiss und sein Verlauf. Natur und Land 39(9/10): 68-69. Sochurek, E. 1955. Unsere Vipern. Entom. Nachr. 2(4): 4-6. Sochurek, E. 1974. Vipera ammodytes gregorwallneri n. ssp. Cerastes cerastes karlhartli n. spp. Herpetologische Blatt., Wien 1(1): 1-3. Sochurek, E. 1976. Zur systematischen Stellung der alpinen Hornotter. Carinthia II 166(86): 447-452. Sochurek, E. 1983. Gedanken zur Hornottern-Systematik. Elaphe 5(2): 23-24. Stafford, P. 1984. Some amphibians and reptiles of Corfu with a special note on the occurrence of the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes). Herptile 9(3): 105-108. Stanic, M. 1966. Die Sandotter, Vipera ammodytes ammodytes Linnaeus. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 33: 745-760. Strugariu, A.; Zamfirescu, S.R.; Gherghel, I.; Sahlean, T.C. 2011. Unusual early parturition in temperate region viviparous snakes during the atypically hot summer of 2007. Herpetologica Romanica 5: 43-49. Stuempel, N.; Hahn, S. 2001. Die Hornotter Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) in Südtirol, Italien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 23(134): 9-18. Tercafs, R.R. 1961. Observations sur la natation chez les reptiles. Bulletin Soc. Zool. Anvers. 20: 3-19. Thomas, E. 1961. Fortpflanzungskämpfe bei Sandottern (Vipera ammodytes). Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft 1960: 502-505. Thomas, E. 1969. Jungtierkämpfe bei Vipera a. ammodytes (Serpentes, Viperidae). Salamandra 5(3-4): 141-142. Tok, C.V.; Kumlutas, Y. 1996. On Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana (Viperidae) from Persembe, Black Sea region of Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East 13: 47-50. Tomovic, L.M. 2006. Systematics of the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes, Linnaeus, 1758). Herpetological Journal 16(2): 191-201. Tomovic, L.M.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.M.; Brito, J.C. 2010. The use of geostatistics and GIS for evolutionary history studies: the case of the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes) in the Balkan Peninsula. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 101(3): 651-666. Tomovic, L.M.; Dzukic, G. 2003. Geographic variability and taxonomy of the nose-horned viper, Vipera ammodytes (L. 1758), in the central and eastern parts of the Balkans: A multivariate study. Amphibia-Reptilia 24(3): 359-377. Tomovic, L.M.; Radojicic, J.; Dzukic, G.; Kalezic, M.L. 2002. Sexual dimorphism of the sand viper (Vipera ammodytes L.) from the central part of Balkan Peninsula. Russian Journal of Herpetology 9(1): 69-76. Tzankov, N.; Petrov, V. 2009. Nose-horned viper Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) with atypical characters from western Bulgaria. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 23 (Special Edition): 140-141. Tzarewsky, S. 1915. Formae Viperae ammodyta L. in Europa et in Transcaucasia collected. Bull. Acad. Sci. Russ. Petrograd 9: 269. Ursenbacher, S.; Schweiger, S.; Tomovic, L.M.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.M.; Fumagalli, L.; Mayer, W. 2008. Molecular phylogeography of the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes, Linnaeus (1758)): evidence for high genetic diversity and multiple refugia in the Balkan peninsula. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46(3): 1116-1128. Vanni, S.; Lanza, B. 1988. Sulla presenza de Malpolon monspessulanus (Hermann, 1804), e di Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) sui monti Lessini Veronesi (Reptilia, Serpentes). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona 14 [1987]: 397-401. Veith, G. 1911. Zur Fresslust der Vipera ammodytes. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Königlichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums (Wien) 24 [1910/11]: 70. Vozenilek, P.; Cizek, P. 1978. New aspects for determination of Balkan subspecies Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus 1758). Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 3: 69-81. Werner, F. 1942. Die Sandviper und ihre Verbreitung in Griechenland. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 52: 161-103. Wöss, W. 1989. Auf den Spuren der Sandviper Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) in der Südsteiermark. - Individuelle Eindrücke einer naturkundlichen Studienreise. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 11(60): 6-11. Wright, D. 1987. European species of the genus Vipera (V. ammodytes, V. aspis, V. berus). pp. 66. In: Welch, K.R. Handbook on the maintenance of reptiles in captivity. Krieger, Florida. 156 pp. Wutschert, R. 1984. Neues über die Reptilienfauna der Insel Korfu. Salamandra 20(4): 221-228. Zagar, A.; Carretero, M.A.; Krofel, M.; Luznik, M.; Podnar, M.; Tvrtkovic, N. 2014. Reptile survey in Dinara Mountain (Croatia) revealed the southernmost known population of Horvath's Rock Lizard (Iberolacerta horvathi). Natura Croatica 23(1): 235-240. Zapf, J. 1966. Unsere beiden Giftschlangen, ein Vergleich. Carinthia II 76: 87-90. Zapf, J. 1969. Vipera berus x Vipera ammodytes. Carinthia II 79: 170-171. Vipera anatolica Billing, H. 1985. Beschreibung eines weiteren Exemplares von Vipera ursinii anatolica Eiselt & Baran, 1970. Salamandra 21(1): 95-97. Eiselt, J.; Baran, I. 1970. Ergebnisse zoologischer Sammelreisen in der Türkei: Viperidae. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 74: 357-369. Göcmen, B.; Mebert, K.; Karis, M.; Oguz, M.A.; Ursenbacher, S. 2017. A new population and subspecies of the critically endangered Anatolian Meadow Viper Vipera anatolica Eiselt and Baran, 1970 in eastern Antalya province. Amphibia-Reptilia 38(3): 289–305. Göcmen, B.; Mulder, J.; Karis, M.; Anil, O.M. 2014. The poorly known Anatolian Meadow Viper, Vipera anatolica: new morphological and ecological data. Herpetologica Romanica 8: 1-10. Sigg, H. 1987. Nachforschungen über Vipera ursinii anatolica Eiselt & Baran, 1970 im westlichen Taurus. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 9(47): 25-34. Zinenko, O.; Avci, A.; Spitzenberger, F.; Tupikov, A.; Shiryaev, K.; Bozkurt, E.; Ilgaz, C.; Stümpel, N. 2016. Rediscovered and critically endangered: Vipera anatolica Eiselt & Baran, 1970, of the western Taurus Mountains (Turkey), with remarks on its ecology. Herpetozoa 28(3/4): 141-148. Vipera aspis Aellen, V.; Perret, J.L. 1953. Sur la repartition actuelle des reptiles et amphibiens dans le Canton de Neuchatel. Bull. Soc. neuchatel. Sci. nat. (3) 76: 99-109. Aidam, A.; Michel, C.L.; Bonnet, X. 2013. Effect of ambient temperature in neonate Aspic Vipers: growth, locomotor performance and defensive behaviors. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A - Ecological Genetics and Physiology 319(6): 310-318. Altwegg, R.; Dummermuth, S.; Anholt, B.R.; Flatt, T. 2005. Winter weather affects Asp Viper Vipera aspis population dynamics through susceptible juveniles. Oikos 110(1): 55-66. Aprea, G.; Gentilli, A.; Zuffi, M.A.L.; Odierna, G. 2006. The karyology of Vipera aspis, V. atra, V. hugyi, and Cerastes vipera. Amphibia-Reptilia 27(1): 113-119. Arlettaz, R.; Lugon, R.; Roduit, P. 1980. Une vipere aspic capture un rossignol. Nos Oiseaux 35(6): 289-290. Aubret, F.; Bonnet, X.; Shine, R.; Lourdais, O. 2002. Fat is sexy for females but not males: The influence of body reserves on reproduction in snakes (Vipera aspis). Hormones and Behavior 42(2): 135-147. Aubret, F.; Mangin, A. 2014. The snake hiss: potential acoustic mimicry in a viper-colubrid complex. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 113(4): 1107-1114. Barbanera, F.; Zuffi, M.A.L.; Guerrini, M.; Gentilli, A.; Tofanelli, S.; Fasola, M.; Dini, F. 2009. Molecular phylogeography of the Asp Viper Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Italy: evidence for introgressive hybridization and mitochondrial DNA capture. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52(1): 103-114. Bartolommei, P.; Domenico, M. di; Zuffi, M.A.L. 2010. Delayed or anticipated reproduction in the asp viper (Vipera aspis)? New field records. Herpetology Notes 3: 275-276. Bastin, E. 1983. Observations herpetologiques effectuees durant le sejour des Naturalistes belges en Andorre, du 4 au 14 juillet 1981. Naturalistes Belges 64(5): 163-172. Baudrimont, A. 1961. A propos de quelques exemplaires de Vipera aspis L. de la region girondine et des Pyrénées centrales francaises. Proceedings verb. Soc. linn. Bordeaux 98 [1961]: 53-60. Baudrimont, A.; Perrier, D. 1961. Presentation de deux vipères capturées par M. Perrier dans les Pyrénées au cours de l'ete 1959. Proceedings verb. Soc. linn. Bordeaux 98 [1961]: 62. Baumann, F. 1925. Über Färbung, Biologie und Verbreitung der viper Vipera aspis L. in der Schweiz. Mitt. naturf. Ges. Bern 1924: 80-97. Baumann, F. 1929. Experimente über den geruchssin und den beuteerwerb die viper (Vipera aspis L.). Zeitschrift vergl. Physiol. Berlin 10: 36-119. Beek, H. van de 1991. Vipera aspis aspis. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 11(6): 144. Billing, H. 1980. Zur Haltung der Pyrenäenviper, Vipera aspis zinnikeri. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 33(4): 138-140. Bodin, J. 1959. Reptiles et batraciens de Grande-Brière. Bulletin Soc. Sci. Nat. Ouest 53: 19-23. Bonnet, X. 1997. Influence of size on survival in newborn asp vipers (Vipera aspis): preliminary results. Amphibia-Reptilia 18(1): 107-112. Bonnet, X.; Akoka, S.; Shine, R.; Pourcelot, L. 2008. Disappearance of eggs during gestation in a viviparous snake (Vipera aspis) detected using non-invasive techniques. Acta Herpetologica 3(2): 129-137. Bonnet, X.; Fizesan, A.; Michel, C.L. 2013. Shelter availability, stress level and digestive performance in the aspic viper. Journal of Experimental Biology 216(5): 815-822. Bonnet, X.; Lecq, S.; Lassay, J.L.; Ballouard, J.M.; Barbraud, C.; Souchet, J.; Mullin, S.J.; Provost, G. 2016. Forest management bolsters native snake populations in urban parks. Biological Conservation 193: 1-8. Bonnet, X.; Lourdais, O.; Shine, R.; Naulleau, G. 2002. Reproduction in a typical capital breeder: Costs, currencies, and complications in the aspic viper. Ecology (Washington, D.C.) 83(8): 2124-2135. Bonnet, X.; Naulleau, G.; Lourdais, O. 2002. Benefits of complementary techniques: using capture-recapture and physiological approaches to understand costs of reproduction in the aspic viper (Vipera aspis). pp. 483-495. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp. Bonnet, X.; Naulleau, G.; Lourdais, O.; Vacher, M. 1999. Growth in the Asp Viper (Vipera aspis L.): insights from long term field study. pp. 63-69. In: Miaud, C. & Guyetant, R. (eds.). Current studies in herpetology: proceedings of the 9th Ordinardy General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica 25-29 August 1998, Le Bourget du Lac, France. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Le Bourget du Lac, 478 pp. Bonnet, X.; Naulleau, G.; Mauget, R. 1992. Cycle sexuel de la femelle de Vipera aspis (Squamata, Viperidae), importance des reserves et aspects metaboliques. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France Evolution et Zoologie 117(3): 279-290. Bonnet, X.; Naulleau, G.; Shine, R. 1999. The dangers of leaving home: dispersal and mortality in snakes. Biological Conservation 89(1): 39-50. Bonnet, X.; Naulleau, G.; Shine, R.; Lourdais, O. 1999. What is the appropriate timescale for measuring costs of reproduction in a 'capital breeder' such as the aspic viper? Evolutionary Ecology 13(5): 485-497. Bonnet, X.; Naulleau, G.; Shine, R.; Lourdais, O. 2001. Short-term versus long-term effects of food intake on reproductive output in a viviparous snake, Vipera aspis. Oikos 92(2): 297-308. Bonnet, X.; Shine, R.; Lourdais, O.; Naulleau, G. 2003. Measures of reproductive allometry are sensitive to sampling bias. Functional Ecology 17(1): 39-49. Bonnet, X.; Shine, R.; Naulleau, G.; Vacher Vallas, M. 1998. Sexual dimorphism in snakes: different reproductive roles favour different body plans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 265(1392): 179-183. Bradshaw, S.D.; Saint Girons, H.; Naulleau, G.; Nagy, K.A. 1987. Material and energy balance of some captive and free-ranging reptiles in western France. Amphibia-Reptilia 8(2): 129-142. Broennimann, O.; Ursenbacher, S.; Meyer, A.; Golay, P.; Monney, J.C.; Schmocker, H.; Guisan, A.; Dubey, S. 2014. Influence of climate on the presence of colour polymorphism in two montane reptile species. Biology Letters 10(11): 20140638. Bronsgeest, H. 1992. Vipera aspis zinnikeri. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 12(1): 24. Bruno, S. 1976. L'ornamentazione della Vipera aspis (L., 1758) in Italia (Serpentes Viperidae) (Studi sulla fauna erpetological Italiana. 21). Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 117(3-4): 165-194. Calabresi, E. 1924. Ricerche sulle variazioni della Vipera aspis Auct. in Italia. Boll. Ist. Zool. Univ. Roma 2: 78-127. Cambensy, J. 1984. Vorkommen der Aspis-Viper Vipera aspis aspis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Baden-Württemberg (Serpentes: Viperidae). Salamandra 20(1): 56-58. Canova, L.; Gentilli, A. 2008. Diet of the Asp Viper Vipera aspis in woodland habitats of the Po plain (NW Italy). Acta Herpetologica 3(2): 175-178. Capizzi, D. 1997. Effects of phylogenesis, morphology and habitat preferences on predatory exposure in a Mediterranean small mammal community. Italian Journal of Zoology (Modena) 64(1): 61-67. Capizzi, D.; Luiselli, L. 1996. Feeding relationships and competitive interactions between phylogenetically unrelated predators (owls and snakes). Acta Oecologica 17(4): 265-284. Capizzi, D.; Luiselli, L.; Capula, M.; Rugiero, L. 1995. Feeding habits of a Mediterranean community of snakes in relation to prey availability. Revue d'Ecologie la Terre et la Vie 50(4): 353-363. Capocaccia, L. 1963. Xantocroismo nella vipera comune, Vipera aspis aspis (L). Natura (Milano) 54: 174-177. Caputo, V.; Guarino, F.M. 1992. L'erpetofauna del Cilento. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 132(22): 273-292. Carlino, P.; Pauwels, T.C.P.; Pauwels, O.S.G. 2017. Natural history notes: Vipera aspis hugyi (South-Italian Asp Viper). Diet. Herpetological Review 48(1): 221. Caruccio, A. 1894. Sulla Vipera berus, subsp. V. as pls. e sulle sue varieta raccolta in un decennio nella Prov. di Roma. Boll. Soc. Rom. Zool. 3: 77-92. Castanet, J.; Naulleau, G. 1985. La squelettochronologie chez les reptiles. 2. Resultats experimentaux sur la signification des marques de croissance squelettiques chez les serpents. Remarques sur la croissance et la longevite de la vipere aspic. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie et Biologie Animale 7(1): 41-62. Castella, B.; Golay, J.; Monney, J.C.; Golay, P.; Mebert, K.; Dubey, S. 2013. Melanism, body condition and elevational distribution in the asp viper. Journal of Zoology (London) 290(4): 273-280. Cavigioli, L.; Meier, G.; Mella, V.S.A.; Mischischia, N.; Bruni, G. 2016. Another case of dicephalism in Vipera aspis francisciredi (Laurenti, 1768), from northern Italy. Herpetozoa 29(1-2): 85-86. Cavin, L. 1993. Structure d'une population subalpine de lézards vivipares (Lacerta vivipara Jacquin, 1787). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 100(2): 357-371. Cortesogno, L.; Balletto, E. 1989. Lineamenti dell'ecologia dei rettili e degli anfibi dell'Alpe di Rezzo (Imperia) e considerazioni sulla erpetofauna delle Faggete italiane. Bollettino dei Musei e Degli Istituti Biologici dell'Universita di Genova 53: 123-140. Dalmon, H. 1929. La vipère (Vipera aspis L.) en Fôret de Fontainbleau. Trav. Nat. Loing. 3: 5-18. Despax, R. 1925. Un nouveau cas de vipère meridionale a caracteres intermediaires entre Vipera aspis L. et V. berus L. Bull. soc. hist. nat. Toulouse 53: 119-120. Domergue, C.A. 1938. La vipère dans la region. Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Doubs 48: 119-129. Dubey, S.; Zwahlen, V.; Mebert, K.; Monney, J.C.; Golay, P.; Ott, T.; Durand, T.; Thiery, G.; Kaiser, L.; Geser, S.N.; Ursenbacher, S. 2015. Diversifying selection and color-biased dispersal in the Asp Viper. BMC Evolutionary Biology 15: 99. Duguy, R. 1954. Deux cas de morsures de "Vipera aspis" a suites mortelles. Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. Ouest Fr. (6) 1: 26-28. Duguy, R. 1958. Le comportement de printemps chez Vipera aspis. Vie et Milieu 9: 200-210. Duguy, R. 1963. Biologie de la latence hivernale chez Vipera aspis L. Vie et Milieu 14: 311-443. Duguy, R. 1972. Biologie de Vipera aspis en montagne. Naturalistes Orlean. (3me Ser.) 5: 3. Duguy, R. 1972. Notes sur la biologie de Vipera aspis L. dans les Pyrénées. La Terre et la Vie (Paris) 26(1): 98-117. Duguy, R. 1975. Biologie de Vipera aspis en montagne. Bulletin Ass. Nat. orlean. Loire Moy. 5: 3. Duguy, R. 1995. Observations et donnees bibliographiques sur la repartition altitudinale de Vipera aspis (L.) dans les Pyrenees. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 131: 43-45. Duguy, R.; Saint-Girons, H. 1969. Étude morphologique des populations de Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758) dans l'ouest et le sud-ouest de la France. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 41: 1069-1090. Dupoue, A.; Brischoux, F.; Angelier, F.; DeNardo, D.F.; Wright, C.D.; Lourdais, O. 2015. Intergenerational trade-off for water may induce a mother-offspring conflict in favour of embryos in a viviparous snake. Functional Ecology 29(3): 414-422. Dupoue, A.; Lourdais, O. 2014. Relative reproductive effort drives metabolic changes and maternal emaciation during pregnancy in a viviparous snake. Journal of Zoology (London) 293(1): 49-56. Dupres, F. 1991. The aspic viper, Vipera aspis. Herptile 16(3): 103-104. Faoro, G. 1986. Bemerkungen zur Verbastardierung von Vipera ammodytes ammodytes mit Vipera aspis atra. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 8(43): 6-7. Ferriere, R. 1987. Observations preliminaires sur la morphologie de Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758) dans le sud-est de la France. Amphibia-Reptilia 8(3): 289-294. Filippi, E. 2003. On the proposed elevation of Vipera aspis subspecies to full species rank: A cautionary note. Amphibia-Reptilia 24(2): 235-238. Filippi, E.; Luiselli, L. 2001. Use of microhabitat and substratum types by sympatric snakes in a Mediterranean area of central Italy. Ecologia Mediterranea 27(1): 141-153. Flatt, T.; Dummermuth, S. 1993. Zur Kenntnis der Aspis- oder Juraviper Vipera a. aspis (L., 1758) im Kanton Solothurn. Mitteilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft des Kantons Solothurn 36: 75-102. Flatt, T.; Dummermuth, S.; Anholt, B.R. 1997. Mark-recapture estimates of survival in populations of the asp viper, Vipera aspis aspis. Journal of Herpetology 31(4): 558-564. Fleury, F.; Naulleau, G. 1987. Activite locomotrice de Vipera aspis L. (Reptilia, Viperidae) soumise a differentes conditions thermoperiodiques et photoperiodiques durant l'hivernage. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie III Sciences de la Vie 304(1): 27-30. Forster, F. 1902. Bemerkungen zur heimischen Schlangenkunde. Karlsruhe Mitt. zool. Ver. Nr. 11-12: 41-43. Fritz, F.; Lehnert, M.; Muller, G.; Schrenk, M. 1985. Status und Schutzproblematik der Aspisviper (Vipera aspis L.) in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Natur und Landschaft 60(9): 360-361. Fritz, K.; Lehnert, M. 1993. Das Reliktvorkommen der Aspisviper (Vipera aspis L.) im Schwarzwald. Mertensiella 3: 301-310. Froesch, P. 1978. Osservazioni sulla deposizione di uova non fecondante nella Vipera aspis. Bollettino della Societa' Ticinese di Scienze Naturali 66 [1977-1978]: 143-147. Froesch-Franzon, P. 1977. Vipera aspis: Normalgeburt, Fehlgeburt, Spätgeburt. Aquaria 24(1): 3-8. Froesch-Franzon, P. 1977. Zur Verbreitung von Vipera aspis atra und V. a. francisciredi im Tessin. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 30(6): 209-212. Froesch-Franzon, P. 1978. Ablage unbefruchteter Eier bei Vipera aspis. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 31(3): 103-104. Froesch-Franzon, P. 1979. Variabilita' delle placche cefaliche in Vipera aspis e im Vipera berus. Bollettino della Societa' Ticinese di Scienze Naturali 67: 107-111. Froesch-Franzon, P. 1982. Zucht und Aufzucht der Aspisviper, Vipera aspis. Aquarium (Minden) 16(152): 89-93. Froesch-Franzon, P. 1983. Formen von Melanismus und Melanotismus bei Vipera aspis im Tessin. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 36(4): 151-154. Garrigues, T.; Dauga, C.; Ferquel, E.; Choumet, V.; Failloux, A.B. 2005. Molecular phylogeny of Vipera Laurenti, 1768 and the related genera Macrovipera (Reuss, 1927) and Daboia (Gray, 1842), with comments about neurotoxic Vipera aspis aspis populations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35(1): 35-47. Gasc, J.P.; Gourmain, J. 1968. Les motifs dominants dans la disposition des plaques cephalique chez Vipera aspis. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 40: 102-107. Gentilli, A.; Cardini, A.; Fontaneto, D.; Zuffi, M.A.L. 2009. The phylogenetic signal in cranial morphology of Vipera aspis: a contribution from geometric morphometrics. Herpetological Journal 19(2): 69-77. Gentilli, A.; Pupin, F.; Fasola, M. 2004. Aspetti di sistematica e morfometria di Vipera aspis (Reptilia, Viperidae). pp. 41-47. In: Cerretti, P.; Hardersen, S.; Mason, F.; Nardi, G.; Tisato, M.; Zapparoli, M. (eds.). Ricerche naturalistiche a Bosco della Fontana. [Quaderni Conservazione Habitat 3]. Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e La Conservazione della Biodiversita Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Roma. 94 pp. Gentilli, A.; Pupin, F.; Fasola, M. 2004. Natural history notes: Vipera aspis (Asp Viper). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 35(3): 278. Girons, H.S. 1994. Les risques de predation lies a la reproduction chez un Viperidae ovovivipare, Vipera aspis L., d'apres les observations visuelles. Amphibia-Reptilia 15(4): 413-416. Golay, P.; Monney, J.C.; Conelli, A.; Durand, T.; Thiery, G.; Zuffi, M.A.L.; Ursenbacher, S. 2008. Systematics of the Swiss Asp Vipers: some implications for the European Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758) complex (Serpentes: Viperidae) - a tribute to Eugen Kramer. Amphibia-Reptilia 29(1): 71-83. Gomard, G. 2017. Freilandbeobachtungen zur Thermoregulation und zum gemeinsamen Auftreten der Aspisviper (Vipera aspis). Terraria-Elaphe 2017(67): 74-77 Gonzalez, D. 1976. Datos sobre morfologéa y biometría de Vipera aspis (Viperidae). Miscelánea Zoológica (Barcelona) 3(5): 181-193. Grisvard, P. 2013. La Vipère aspic Vipera aspis (Linnaeus 1758) (Serpentes: Viperidae) en Lorraine. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 147: 377-390. Guiller, G. 2007. Un specimen albinos de Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758) decouvert dans l'ouest de la France. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France 29(1): 1-6. Guiller, G.; Legentilhomme, J.; Lourdais, O. 2012. Stratégies reproductrices de trois espèces de serpents vivipares en situation de sympatrie en Loire-Atlantique (44): Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758), Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758) et Coronella austriaca (Laurenti, 1768). Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 142-143: 123-143. Guiller, G.; Legentilhomme, J.; Lourdais, O. 2014. Phénologie d’activité d’une communauté de squamates au nord de la Loire-Atlantique. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 150: 25-39. Guillon, M.; Guiller, G.; DeNardo, D.F.; Lourdais, O. 2014. Microclimate preferences correlate with contrasted evaporative water loss in parapatric vipers at their contact zone. Canadian Journal of Zoology 92(1): 81-86. Guisan, A.; Hofer, U. 2003. Predicting reptile distributions at the mesoscale: Relation to climate and topography. Journal of Biogeography 30(8): 1233-1243. Gulden, J. 1987. Vipera aspis francisciredi. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 7(6): 255-256. Gutmann, J. 1970. Biss von einer Aspisviper, Vipera aspis aspis (Linnaeus) 1758. Aqua Terra 7: 76-78. Holtzinger-Tenever, H. 1920. Ist Vipera aspis L. eine selbständige Art? Zoologische Jahrbücher (Jena) 42: 273-280. Hubert, J.; Dufaure, J.P. 1968. Table de developpement de la vipère aspic: Vipera aspis L. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 93: 135-148. Jaggi, C. 1998. Habitatsveränderungen, genetische Variabilität und mögliche Schutzmassnahmen für die Juraviper, Vipera aspis, in der Nordwestschweiz. Mitteilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern 55: 135-158. Jaggi, C.; Baur, B. 1999. Overgrowing forest as a possible cause for the local extinction of Vipera aspis in the northern Swiss Jura mountains. Amphibia-Reptilia 20(1): 25-34. Jooris, R. 1986. Breeding results. Vipera aspis aspis. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 6(3): 117. Karstens, R. 1986. Breeding results. Vipera aspis (female) X Vipera ammodytes (male). Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 6(5): 203-204. Kery, M. 2002. Inferring the absence of a species: A case study of snakes. Journal of Wildlife Management 66(2): 330-338. Kobel, H.R. 1967. Morphometrische Karyotypanalyse einiger Schlangenarten. Genetica (Gravenhage) 38: 1-31. Kramer, E. 1958. Eine neue Rasse der Aspisviper aus dem südwestlichen Frankreich Vipera aspis zinnikeri n. subsp. Vjschr. naturf. Ges. Zurich 103: 321-326. Kramer, E. 1958. Zur Schlangenfauna des Puschlavs. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 65: 279-284. Kramer, E. 1971. Revalidierte und neue Rassen der europäischen Schlangenfauna. Journal of Integrative Biogeography 1(1): 667-676. Kramer, E. 1980. Zum Skelett der Aspisviper, Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 87(1): 3-16. Krecsák, L. 2008. Albinism and leucism among European Viperinae: a review. Russian Journal of Herpetology 15(2): 97-102. Kreiner, G. 2011. Erfahrungen und Einschätzungen zur Intergradation der Aspisviper Vipera aspis in Süditalien. Elaphe 19(2): 46-50. Kumar, B. 2009. Nove najdbe laskega gada (Vipera aspis) v Sloveniji [New records of the Asp Viper (Vipera aspis) in Slovenia]. (In Slovenian). Natura Sloveniae 11(1): 59-63. Kwet, A. 2014. Seltene Mahlzeit für Aspisvipern. Terraria-Elaphe 2014(49): 78-79. Ladyman, M.; Bonnet, X.; Lourdais, O.; Bradshaw, D.; Naulleau, G. 2003. Gestation, thermoregulation, and metabolism in a viviparous snake, Vipera aspis: Evidence for fecundity-independent costs. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 76(4): 497-510. Lecuru-Renons, S 1970. La vipère aspic: Vipera aspis (L.). Doin-Deren, Paris. unpaginated. Leo, F. de; Donelli, O.; Scali, S. 2006. Use of natural and artificial shelters in a snake community of northern Italy. pp. 25-31. In: Zuffi, M.A.L. (ed.). Societas Herpetologica Italica. Atti del V Congresso Nazionale: Calci (PI), 29 settembre - 3 ottobre 2004. Firenze University Press, Firenze. 270 pp. Leptien, R. 2012. [The asp viper]. (In German). Reptilia (D) 17(94): 72-75. Letacq, A.L. 1898. Note sur la presence de la Vipère aspic (Vipera aspis, L.) dans le Departement de l'Orne. Bull. Soc. Rouen 33: 76-78. Lombard, D. 1967. Vipera aspis dans la region lyonnaise. Bull. mens. Soc. linn. Lyon 36: 146-148. Lorioux, S.; Lisse, H.; Lourdais, O. 2013. Dedicated mothers: predation risk and physical burden do not alter thermoregulatory behaviour of pregnant vipers. Animal Behaviour 86(2): 401-408. Lorioux, S.; Vaugoyeau, M.; DeNardo, D.F.; Clobert, J.; Guillon, M.; Lourdais, O. 2013. Stage dependence of phenotypical and phenological maternal effects: insight into squamate reptile reproductive strategies. American Naturalist 182(2): 223-233. Lourdais, O.; Bonnet, X.; Doughty, P. 2002. Costs of anorexia during pregnancy in a viviparous snake (Vipera aspis). Journal of Experimental Zoology 292(5): 487-493. Lourdais, O.; Bonnet, X.; Shine, R.; DeNardo, D.; Naulleau, G.; Guillon, M. 2002. Capital-breeding and reproductive effort in a variable environment: a longitudinal study of a viviparous snake. Journal of Animal Ecology 71(3): 470-479. Lourdais, O.; Bonnet, X.; Shine, R.; Taylor, E.N. 2003. When does a reproducing female viper (Vipera aspis) 'decide' on her litter size? Journal of Zoology (London) 259(2): 123-129. Lourdais, O.; Guillon, M.; DeNardo, D.F.; Blouin-Demers, G. 2013. Cold climate specialization: adaptive covariation between metabolic rate and thermoregulation in pregnant vipers. Physiology & Behavior 119: 149-155. Luiselli, L.; Agrimi, U. 1991. Composition and variation of the diet of Vipera aspis francisciredi in relation to age and reproductive stage. Amphibia-Reptilia 12(2): 137-144. Luiselli, L.; Filippi, E.; Lena, E. di 2007. Ecological relationships between sympatric Vipera aspis and Vipera ursinii in high-altitude habitats of central Italy. Journal of Herpetology 41(3): 378-384. Luiselli, L.; Petrozzi, F.; Mebert, K.; Zuffi, M.A.L.; Amori, G. 2015. Resource partitioning and dwarfism patterns between sympatric snakes in a micro-insular Mediterranean environment. Ecological Research 30(3): 527-535. Luiselli, L.; Rugiero, L. 1990. On habitat selection and phenology in six species of snakes in Canale Monterano (Tolfa Mountains, Latium, Italy) including data on reproduction and feeding in Vipera aspis francisciredi (Squamata: Viperidae). Herpetozoa 2(3-4): 107-115. Luiselli, L.; Zuffi, M.A.L. 2002. Female life history traits of the aspic viper (Vipera aspis) and sand viper (V. ammodytes) from the Mediterranean region. pp. 279-284. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp. Macchia, M.; Zuffi, M.A.L. 2000. Spazio vitale e area principale di Vipera aspis studiate mediante radio-tracking. pp. 123-128. In: Giacoma, C. (ed.). Atti I Congresso Nazionale della Societas Herpetologica Italica (Torino, 2-6 Ottobre 1996). [Proceedings of the first National Congress of the Societas Herpetologica Italica (Turin, 2-6 October 1996)]. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino. 821 pp. Mangili, E. 1947. Osservazioni su la riproduzione in cattivita di alcune specie di ofidii Italiani. Acta pont.acad. Scient. 11(20): 235-246. Mariétan, I. 1928. Notes sur quelques vertebres du Valais. Bull. Murith. Sion 45: 23-30. Mariétan, I. 1958. Les reptiles en Valais. Bulletin Murith. 75: 91-102. Martinez, F.; Brito, J.C.; Lizana Avia, M. 2006. Intermediate forms and syntopy among vipers (Vipera aspis and V. latastei) in northern Iberian Peninsula. Herpetological Bulletin 97: 14-18. Martínez-Freiria, F.; Lizana, M.; Amaral, J.P. do; Brito, J.C. 2010. Spatial and temporal segregation allows coexistence in a hybrid zone among two Mediterranean vipers (Vipera aspis and V. latastei). Amphibia-Reptilia 31(2): 195-212. Martinez-Freiria, F.; Santos, X.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Lizana, M. 2009. Geographical patterns of morphological variation and environmental correlates in contact zones: a multi-scale approach using two Mediterranean vipers (Serpentes). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 47(4): 357-367. Martinez-Freiria, F.; Sillero, N.; Lizana, M.; Brito, J.C. 2008. GIS-based niche models identify environmental correlates sustaining a contact zone between three species of European vipers. Diversity and Distributions 14(3): 452-461. Martinot, J.P. 1986. Repartition et statut de protection des amphibiens et reptiles du Parc National de la Vanoise et de sa zone peripherique. Travaux Scientifiques du Parc National de la Vanoise 15: 255-269. Masseti, M.; Böhme, W. 2014. Vipern, Mönche und Arzneien: die Aspisviper (Vipera aspis) auf der Insel Montechristo im nördlichen Tyrrhenischen Meer. Sekretär 14(1): 34-42. Masseti, M.; Zuffi, M.A.L. 2011. On the origin of the asp viper Vipera aspis hugyi Schinz, 1833, on the island of Montecristo, northern Tyrrhenian Sea (Tuscan archipelago, Italy). Herpetological Bulletin 117: 1-9. Mebert, K.; Jagar, T.; Rok, G.; Cafuta, V.; Luiselli, L.; Ostanek, E.; Golay, P.; Dubey, S.; Golay, J.; Ursenbacher, S. 2015. The dynamics of coexistence: habitat sharing versus segregation patterns among three sympatric montane vipers. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 116(2): 364-376. Mebert, K.; Zwahlen, V.; Golay, P.; Durand, T.; Ursenbacher, S. 2011. Ungewöhnlich hoher Farb-Polymorphismus bei alpinen Aspisvipern in Frankreich. Elaphe 19(1): 13-19. Meek, R. 2015. Where do snakes cross roads? Habitat associated road crossings and mortalities in a fragmented landscape in western France. Herpetological Journal 25(1): 15-19. Meek, R. 2017. Movements, mating and parturition in a female Aspic Viper, Vipera aspis, in western France. Herpetological Bulletin 137: 29-31. Meekan, R. 2013. Post hibernation movements in an aspic viper, Vipera aspis. Herpetological Bulletin 125: 22-24. Meekan, R. 2014. Reptile dispersal from a hibernaculum in an agricultural landscape in Western France. Herpetological Bulletin 127: 17-21. Mertens, R. 1954. Das Vorkommen der Aspis-Viper auf rechtsrheinischem Gebiet. Nat. Monat. 62(4): 100-103. Michel, C.L.; Bonnet, X. 2010. Contrasted thermal regimes do not influence digestion and growth rates in a snake from a temperate climate. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 83(6): 924-931. Michel, C.L.; Pastore, J.H.; Bonnet, X. 2013. Impact of cool versus warm temperatures on gestation in the aspic viper (Vipera aspis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology 165(3): 338-342. Mittelholzer, A. 1953. Amphibien und Reptilien. Mitt. Aargau. Naturf. Ges. 1953: 174-185. Moller, P 1970. Zwei neue Vorkommen der Aspisviper (Viper aspis Linnaeus) auf Elba. Aqua Terra 7: 58-60. Monney, J.C. 1990. Habitat, morphometrie et cycles annuels d'activite de la vipere aspic, Vipera aspis (L.), dans une station de l'Intyamon (Prealpes fribourgeoises). Bulletin de la Societe Fribourgeoise des Sciences Naturelles 79(1-2): 185-211. Monney, J.C. 1990. Regime alimentaire de Vipera aspis L. (Ophidia, Viperidae) dans les Prealpes fribourgeoises (ouest de la Suisse). Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 53: 40-49. Monney, J.C. 1992. Note sur l'utilisation de l'habitat et des deplacements chez la vipere aspic, Vipera aspis (L.), dans une station de l'Intyamon. Bulletin de la Societe Fribourgeoise des Sciences Naturelles 81(1-2): 28-40. Monney, J.C. 1993. Predation of lizards and frogs by adult viper, Vipera aspis, in the Bernese Prealpine region (west Switzerland). Amphibia-Reptilia 14(1): 93-95. Moser, A.; Graber, C.; Freyvogel, T.A. 1984. Observations sur l'ethologie et l'evolution d'une population de Vipera aspis (L.) au nord du Jura suisse. Amphibia-Reptilia 5(3-4): 373-393. Mouchet, M. 1950. Sur un specimen de Coluber (Elaphis) quaterradiatus Gmel.; tue a Arbonne en 1943. Y aurait-il identite entre Coluber quaterradiatus et C. aesculapii forma romanus? Ovoviviparite de Coronella austriaca. Sur la frequence des ophidiens dans le Massif de Fontainebleau. Bull. Ass. Nat. Loing 26(10): 107-108. Muller, J. 1984. Observations sur les reptiles du Vaucluse, la vipere aspic Vipera aspis (Linne). Bulletin de la Societe d'Etude des Sciences Naturelles de Vaucluse 51-54: 177-179. Müller, P. 1969. Einige Bemerkungen zur Verbreitung von Vipera aspis (Serpentes, Viperidae) in Spanien. Salamandra 5: 57-62. Nadal, J.; Nadal, J. 1990. Observacion de apareamiento en Vipera aspis (L., 1766). Miscellania Zoologica (Barcelona) 12 [1988]: 378-379. Naulleau, G. 1964. Premieres observations sur le comportement de chasse et de capture chez les vipères et les couleuvres. La Terre et la Vie (Paris) 3: 54-76. Naulleau, G. 1966. Étude complementaire de l'activite de Vipera aspis dans la nature. Vie et Milieu 17C: 461-509. Naulleau, G. 1966. La biologie et le comportement predateur de Vipera aspis au laboratoire et dans la nature. Bull. biol. Fr. Belg. 99: 395-524. Naulleau, G. 1968. Sur un cas mortel de Vipera aspis mordue a la fete par une autre vipère. Vie et Milieu 19(Ser. C): 491-496. Naulleau, G. 1970. La reproduction de Vipera aspis en captivité dans les conditions artificielles. Journal of Herpetology 4: 113-121. Naulleau, G. 1971. Fertility of female Vipera aspis in captivity as a function of the periods of mating. Herpetologica 27: 385-389. Naulleau, G. 1972. Remarques preliminaires sur le melanisme chez Vipera aspis et Vipera berus. Naturalistes Orlean. (3me Ser.) 5: 5-7. Naulleau, G. 1973. Rearing the asp viper Vipera aspis in captivity. International Zoo Yearbook 13: 108-111. Naulleau, G. 1973. Reproduction twice in one year in a captive viper (Vipera aspis). British Journal of Herpetology 5(1): 353-357. Naulleau, G. 1975. Cycle d'activite de Vipera aspis (L.) et choix entre des conditions climatiques naturelles et artificielles. Vie et Milieu (C) 25(1): 119-136. Naulleau, G. 1975. Remarques preliminaires sur la melanisme chez Vipera aspis et Vipera berus. Bulletin Ass. Nat. orlean. Loire Moy. 5 [1972]: 5-8. Naulleau, G. 1976. Note sur une portee exceptionelle chez une vipère (Vipera aspis L.) capturée dans les Deux-Sevres. Annales Soc. Sci. nat. Charente-Marit. 6(3): 201-202. Naulleau, G. 1979. Étude biotelemetrique de la thermoregulation chez Vipera aspis (L.) elevee on conditions artificielles. Journal of Herpetology 13(2): 203-208. Naulleau, G. 1983. The effects of temperature on digestion in Vipera aspis. Journal of Herpetology 17(2): 166-170. Naulleau, G. 1986. Effects of temperature on 'gestation' in Vipera aspis and V. berus (Reptilia: Serpentes). pp. 489-493. In: Rocek, Z. (ed.). Studies in herpetology. Proceedings of the European herpetological meeting (3rd ordinary general meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica), Prague 1985. Charles University, Prague. 754 pp. Naulleau, G. 1986. Repartition de Vipera aspis et de Vipera berus (Reptilia, Viperidae) dans l'ouest de la France (Loire-Atlantique). Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 39: 16-19. Naulleau, G. 1987. Repartition de Vipera aspis et Vipera berus dans l'ouest de la France. Bulletin Trimestriel de la Societe d'Etudes Scientifiques de l'Anjou 69: 16. Naulleau, G. 2003. Evolution de l'aire de repartition en France, en particulier au Centre Ouest, chez trois serpents: Extension vers le Nord (la couleuvre verte et jaune, Coluber viridiflavus Lacepede et la vipere Aspic, Vipera aspis Linne) et regression vers le Nord (la vipere Peliade, Vipera berus Linne). Biogeographica (Paris) 79(2): 59-69. Naulleau, G.; Bidaud, C. 1981. Intervalle entre l'accouplement, l'ovulation et la parturition cher Vipera aspis L. (Reptiles, ophidiens, viperides), dans differentes conditions experimentales, etudie par radiographie. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 106(2): 137-143. Naulleau, G.; Bonnet, X. 1995. Reproductive ecology, body fat reserves and foraging mode in females of two contrasted snake species: Vipera aspis (terrestrial, viviparous) and Elaphe longissima (semi-arboreal, oviparous). Amphibia-Reptilia 16(1): 37-46. Naulleau, G.; Bonnet, X. 1995. Structure of a wild population of Vipera aspis L., investigated using a body condition index (BCI). pp. 255-258. In: Llorente, G.A.; Montori, A.; Santos, X. & Carretero, M.A. (eds.). Scientia Herpetologica: papers submitted from the 7th Ordinary General Meeting of Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Barcelona, September 15-19, 1993. Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, Barcelona. 385 pp. Naulleau, G.; Bonnet, X. 1996. Body condition threshold for breeding in a viviparous snake. Oecologia (Heidelberg) 107(3): 301-306. Naulleau, G.; Bonnet, X.; Duret, S. 1997. Deplacements et domaines vitaux des femelles reproductrices de viperes aspic Vipera aspis (Reptilia, Viperidae) dans le centre ouest de la France. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 78: 5-18. Naulleau, G.; Bonnet, X.; Vacher Vallas, M.; Shine, R.; Lourdais, O. 1999. Does less-than-annual production of offspring by female vipers (Vipera aspis) mean less-than-annual mating? Journal of Herpetology 33(4): 688-691. Naulleau, G.; Marques, M. 1973. Étude biotelemetrique preliminaire de la thermoregulation de la digestion chez Vipera aspis. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences Serie D Sciences Naturelles 276(26): 3433-3436. Naulleau, G.; Saint Girons, H. 1981. Poids des nouveau-nes et reproduction de Vipera aspis (Reptilia: Viperidae), dans des conditions naturelles et artificielles. Amphibia-Reptilia 2(1): 51-62. Naulleau, G.; Verheyden, C.; Bonnet, X. 1997. Predation specialisee sur la vipere aspic Vipera aspis par un couple de buses variables Buteo buteo. Alauda 65(2): 155-160. Nicola, M.R. di; Meier, G.J. 2013. Natural history notes: Vipera aspis hugyi (Southern Italian Asp). Melanism. Herpetological Review 44(4): 698. Obermayer, G. 1967. Vipera aspis zinnikeri x V. ammondytes ammodytes. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 20: 255-256. Palacios, F.; Lopez, J. 1975. Vipera aspis intenta engullir a Clethrionomys glareolus muerto en un cepo. Doñana Acta Vertebrata 1(1): 59. Palanca, A.; Rey, J.; Riobo, A. 1996. Distribucion de reptiles en el circo de Piedrafita, Pirineo aragones. Lucas Mallada 8: 183-195. Parellada, X. 1995. Status of Vipera aspis and Vipera latasti (Viperidae, Reptilia) in Catalonia (NE Spain). pp. 328-334. In: Llorente, G.A.; Montori, A.; Santos, X. & Carretero, M.A. (eds.). Scientia Herpetologica: papers submitted from the 7th Ordinary General Meeting of Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Barcelona, September 15-19, 1993. Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, Barcelona. 385 pp. Phisalix, C. 1902. Relations de parente entro nos deux espèces indigenes de Vipères (Vipera aspis et Vipera berus). Utilite des caracteres physiologiques dans la classification. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 1902: 102-106. Phisalix, C.; Bertrand, G. 1893. Toxicite du sang de la Vipère (Vipera aspis, L.). C. R. Acad. Sci. 117: 1099-1102. Phisalix, M. 1911. Effets reciproques des morsures de l'Heloderma suspectum et de la Vipera aspis. Paris Bul. soc. path. exot. 4: 631-635. Phisalix, M. 1924. Variations observées dans le revetement ecailleux de la tete chez la vipère aspis; comparaison avec la vipère berus et la coulouvre viperine. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 30: 263-268. Phisalix, M. 1925. Segmentation des plaques sus-oculaires chez la vipère aspic. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 31: 421, 422. Picariello, O.; Scillitani, G.; Fritz, U.; Günther, R.; Mutschmann, F. 1993. Zur Herpetofauna Süditaliens. Teil 2. Die Amphibien und Reptilien des Picentini-Gebirges (Apennin, Kampanien). 2. Reptilien. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 15(86): 11-16. Pillet, J.M.; Petite, J. 2006. La vipere aspic (Vipera aspis L.) en Valais: biologie, repartition et etude retrospective de 99 cas de morsure entre 1975 et 2005. Bulletin de La Murithienne 124: 7-16. Poivre, C. 1978. La vipère aspic en Lorraine (Vipera aspis L.) Étude preliminaire. Comptes Rendus du Congres National des Societes Savantes Paris Section des Sciences 103(3): 57-62. Pottier, G. 2001. Notes sur trois cas de melanisme chez Vipera aspis zinnikeri Kramer, 1958 (Ophidia, Viperidae) dans les Hautes-Pyrenees (France). Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 97: 49-54. Psenner, H. 1944. Vipera aspis hugyi Schninz. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 90-91: 232-236. Puschnig, R. 1951. Unsere Vipern. Carinthia II 61: 124-132. Reperant, J.; Rio, J.P.; Ward, R.; Wasowicz, M.; Miceli, D.; Medina, M.; Pierre, J. 1997. Enrichment of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the retinotectal terminals of the viper Vipera aspis: an electron microscope quantitative immunogold study. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 12(4): 267-280. Rollinat, R. 1903. Moeurs et reproduction de la vipère aspic. Bull. Soc. Acclim. 49: 361-381, 393-413. Roulin, B. 1988. Nichee d'accenteur alpin victime de la vipere aspic? Nos Oiseaux 39(8): 417-418. Rugiero, L.; Giuliano, M.; Petrozzi, F.; Capula, M.; Luiselli, L.M. 2013. Climate-change-related shifts in annual phenology of a temperate snake during the last 20 years. Acta Oecologica 51: 42-48. Saint Girons, H. 1989. Vipera aspis. pp. 164-165. In: Castanet, J. & Guyetant, R. Atlas de repartition des amphibiens et reptiles de France. Societe Herpetologique de France, Paris. 191 pp. Saint-Girons, H. 1947. Croissance, cycle annuel et mues chez Vipera aspis. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 71: 198-203. Saint-Girons, H. 1947. Eologie des vipères. I. Vipera aspis. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 72: 158-168. Saint-Girons, H. 1949. Les moeurs nuptiales de la vipère aspic. La Terre et la Vie (Paris) 96(3): 110-113. Saint-Girons, H. 1957. Le cycle sexuel chez Vipera aspis (L.) dans l'ouest de la France. Bull. biol. 91: 284-350. Saint-Girons, H. 1958. Croissance et fecondite de Vipera aspis (L.). Vie et Milieu 8: 265-286. Saint-Girons, H. 1974. Le cycle sexual de Vipera aspis (L.) en montagne. Vie et Milieu (C) 23(2): 309-328. Saint-Girons, H. 1975. Coexistence de Vipera aspis et de Vipera berus en Loire-Atlantique: un probleme de competition interspecifique. La Terre et la Vie (Paris) 29(4): 590-613. Saint-Girons, H. 1990. Croissance, maturite sexuelle et variations ontogeniques des periodes d'alimentation et des mues chez deux viperes hybrides (Vipera aspis X Vipera seoanei) dans les conditions semi-naturelles. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 54: 62-68. Saint-Girons, H. 1990. Morphologie comparee des hybrides de Vipera seoanei Lataste, 1879 X Vipera aspis (L.). Amphibia-Reptilia 11(2): 197-200. Saint-Girons, H. 1996. Structure et evolution d'une petite population de Vipera aspis (L.) dans une region de bocage de l'ouest de la France. Revue d'Ecologie la Terre et la Vie 51(3): 223-241. Saint-Girons, H. 1998. Utilisation de l'espace vital par Vipera aspis (Reptilia, Viperidae) dans une region de Bocage de l'ouest de la France. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 84: 5-14. Saint-Girons, H.; Duguy, R. 1973. Un exemple de predation atypique et de gestation hivernale chez Vipera aspis (L.). Annales Soc. Sci. nat. Charente-Marit. 5(5-9): 379-381. Saint-Girons, H.; Duguy, R. 1992. Evolution de la masse corporelle et de la masse relative des corps gras, des ovaires et des oeufs au cours des cycles reproducteurs chez Vipera aspis. Amphibia-Reptilia 13(4): 351-364. Saint-Girons, H.; Duguy, R. 1994. Evolution de la masse corporelle et de la masse relative de quelques organes au cours du cycle annuel chez les males matures de Vipera aspis. Amphibia-Reptilia 15(2): 123-133. Saint-Girons, H.; Fons, R. 1977. Un cas de melanisme chez Vipera aspis dans les Pyrénées. Vie et Milieu (C) 27(1): 145-146. Saviozzi, P.; Zuffi, M. 1997. An integrated approach to the study of the diet of Vipera aspis. Herpetological Review 28(1): 23-24. Scali, S.; Mangiacotti, M.; Sacchi, R.; Gentilli, A. 2011. A tribute to Hubert Saint Girons: niche separation between Vipera aspis and V. berus on the basis of distribution models. Amphibia-Reptilia 32(2): 223-233. Scaravelli, D.; Aloise, G. 1995. Predation on dormice in Italy. Hystrix 6(1-2): 245-255. Schneppat, U.; Schmocker, H. 1983. Die Verbreitung der Reptilien im Kanton Graubünden. Ein Bericht über das Reptilienprojekt Graubünden für den Untersuchungszeitraum 1978-1982. Jahresbericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Graubünden N.F. 100: 47-133. Schweizer, H. 1951. Über eine der Vipera aspis hugyi Schinz sehr nahestehende Südalpine Population von Vipera aspis aspis (L.). DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 4: 78-80. Semenzato, M.; Richard, J.; Amato, S. 1996. Boschi e risorgive planiziari: ambienti importanti per il mantenimento della continuita distributiva del popolamento erpetologico tra l'area montana e quella di pianura del Veneto. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali Acta Biologica 71: 33-40. Sochurek, E. 1951. Aussterbende Giftschlangen. Natur und Land 37(6): 106-107. Sochurek, E. 1979. Kritische Liste der Giftschlangen Europas mit Beschreibung einer neuen Unterart. Mitteilungen der Zoologischen Gesellschaft Braunau 3(8-9): 213-218. Stejneger, L.H. 1936. Types of the amphibian and reptilian genera proposed by Laurenti in 1768. Copeia 1936(3): 133-141. Stemmler-Morath, C. 1941. Die Juraviper (Vipera aspis) in Kanton Solothurn. Mitt. naturf. Ges. Solothurn Hft. 14: 7-35. Stier, A.; Dupoue, A.; Picard, D.; Angelier, F.; Brischoux, F.; Lourdais, O. 2017. Oxidative stress in a capital breeder (Vipera aspis) facing pregnancy and water constraints. Journal of Experimental Biology 220(10): 1792-1796 Strassmann, W. 1999. Die Alpenviper Vipera aspis atra. Reptilia (D) 4(20): 51-54. Tarroso, P.; Pereira, R.J.; Martínez-Freiria, F.; Godinho, R.; Brito, J.C. 2014. Hybridization at an ecotone: ecological and genetic barriers between three Iberian vipers. Molecular Ecology 23(5): 1108-1123. Tedaldi, G. 1999. Ritrovamenti insoliti per la Romagna e considerazioni sul fenomeno della colonizzazione di nuove aree da parte di alcune specie di rettili (Vertebrata Reptilia Gekkonidae Viperidae). Quaderno di Studi e Notizie di Storia Naturale della Romagna 12: 55-64. Tejado-Lanseros, C.; Potes Gordo, M.E. 2006. Determinacion de areas de contacto distributivo entre Vipera aspis y Vipera seoanei en Alava. Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava 20 2005(2006): 155-162. Torkar, G. 2003. Najdba laskega gada Vipera aspis v Breginjskem kotu poleti 2001. [Observation of the Asp Viper Vipera aspis at Breginjski Kot (W Slovenia)]. (In Slovenian, English summary). Natura Sloveniae 5(2): 65-67. Trutnau, L.; Böhme, W.; Joger, U. 2005. Vipera aspis - Aspisviper. pp. 151-185. In: Joger, U. & Stümpel, N. (eds.). Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Schlangen III. Viperidae. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 420 pp. Ursenbacher, S.; Conelli, A.; Golay, P.; Monney, J.C.; Zuffi, M.A.L.; Thiery, G.; Durand, T.; Fumagalli, L. 2006. Phylogeography of the Asp Viper (Vipera aspis) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data: evidence for multiple Mediterranean refugial areas. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38(2): 546-552. Vacher Vallas, M.; Bonnet, X.; Naulleau, G. 1999. Relations entre les comportements sexuels et les accouplements chez Vipera aspis: etude en milieu naturel. Revue d'Ecologie la Terre et la Vie 54(4): 375-391. Vanderhaege, M. 1986. Un cas d'albinisme chez Vipera aspis (L.). Aquarama 87: 34. Vanni, S. 1983. Note corologiche e morphologiche sulla Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Toscana. 1. - Toscana continentale e Isola d'Elba (Reptilia, Viperidae). Atti della Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali Processi Verbali e Memorie Serie B 89 [1982]: 187-206. Vanni, S.; Lanza, B. 1977. Predation by the European whip snake, Coluber viridiflavus Lacepede on the asp viper, Vipera aspis (Linnaeus). Natura (Milano) 68(3-4): 285-289. Verrier, M.L. 1933. Les yeux et la vision de Cerastes vipera Wagl. et de Vipera aspis L. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances Academie des Sciences (Paris) 196(10): 723-725. Werner, F. 1937. Relikt oder Bastard? - Über Vipera aspis in Südosteuropa. Isis. gesell. Aq. Terr. Munchen 1936: 20-22. Wright, D. 1987. European species of the genus Vipera (V. ammodytes, V. aspis, V. berus). pp. 66. In: Welch, K.R. Handbook on the maintenance of reptiles in captivity. Krieger, Florida. 156 pp. Zuffi, M. 1999. Activity patterns in a viviparous snake, Vipera aspis (L.), from Mediterranean central Italy. Amphibia-Reptilia 20(3): 313-318. Zuffi, M.; Bonnet, X. 1999. Italian subspecies of the asp viper Vipera aspis: patterns of variability and distribution. Italian Journal of Zoology (Modena) 66(1): 87-95. Zuffi, M.; Giudici, F.; Ioale, P. 1999. Frequency and effort of reproduction in female Vipera aspis from a southern population. Acta Oecologica 20(6): 633-638. Zuffi, M.; Lippi, P. 1994. Tentativo di cattura con trappole di Vipera aspis. Atti della Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali Processi Verbali e Memorie Serie B 100 [1993]: 15-23. Zuffi, M.; Macchia, M.; Ioale, P.; Giudici, F. 1999. Winter activity in a coastal population of Vipera aspis (Reptilia, Viperidae). Revue d'Ecologie la Terre et la Vie 54(4): 365-374. Zuffi, M.A.L. 2002. A critique of the systematic position of the Asp Viper subspecies Vipera aspis aspis (Linnaeus, 1758), Vipera aspis atra Meisner, 1820, Vipera aspis francisciredi Laurenti, 1768, Vipera aspis hugyi Schinz, 1833 and Vipera aspis zinnikeri Kramer, 1958. Amphibia-Reptilia 23(2): 191-213. Zuffi, M.A.L. 2003. On the subspecies of Vipera aspis: A reply to Filippi. Amphibia-Reptilia 24(2): 238-241. Zuffi, M.A.L.; Razzetti, E.; Gentilli, A.; Scali, S. 2002. Transition-hybridization areas in parapatric species of Vipera aspis group from northern Italy. Biota (Race) 3(1-2): 191-196. Vipera barani Arikan, H.; Göcmen, B.; Mermer, A.; Bahar, H. 2005. An electrophoretic comparison of the venoms of a colubrid and various viperid snakes from Turkey and Cyprus, with some taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. Zootaxa 1038: 1-10. Avci, A.; Uzum, N.; Olgun, K. 2004. A new record of Vipera barani Bohme et Joger, 1983 (Reptilia, Viperidae) from north-eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Russian Journal of Herpetology 11(1): 77-79. Baran, I.; Joger, U.; Kutrup, B.; Türkozan, O. 2001. On new specimens of Vipera barani Bohme & Joger, 1983, from northeastern Anatolia, and implications for the validity of Vipera pontica Billing, Nilson & Sattler, 1990 (Reptilia, Viperidae). Zoology in the Middle East 23: 47-53. Baran, I.; Kumlutas, Y.; Ilgaz, C.; Iret, F. 2005. Geographical distributions and taxonomical states of Telescopus fallax (Fleischman, 1831) and Vipera barani Boehme-Joger, 1983. Turkish Journal of Zoology 29(3): 217-224. Böhme, W.; Joger, U. 1984. Eine neue Art des Vipera berus-Komplexes aus der Türkei. Amphibia-Reptilia 4(2-4) [1983]: 265-271. Göçmen, B.; Mebert, K.; Karis, M. 2015. New distributional data on Vipera (berus) barani from western and northeastern Anatolia. Herpetology Notes 8: 609-615. Gül, S.; Kumlutas, Y.; Ilgaz, C. 2016. A new locality record of Pelias barani (Böhme et Joger, 1983) from the northeastern Anatolia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 23(4): 319-322. Joger, U.; Lenk, P.; Baran, I.; Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T.; Heidrich, P.; Wink, M. 1997. The phylogenetic position of Vipera barani and of V. nikolskii within the Vipera berus complex. pp. 185-194. In: Böhme, W.; Bischoff, W. & Ziegler, T. (eds.). Herpetologia Bonnensis. Proceedings of the 8th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 23-27 August 1995, Bonn, Germany. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Bonn. 414 pp. Kumlutas, Y.; Sozen, M.; Ilgaz, C. 2013. New record of the rare Vipera barani Böhme & Joger, 1983. Herpetozoa 25(3-4): 183-188. Kutrup, B. 2003. The identification of new specimens of Vipera from Trabzon, Turkey with affinities to Vipera barani and V. pontica. Herpetological Review 34(1): 28-31. Kutrup, B.; Yilmaz, N. 2002. Preliminary data on some new specimens of Vipera barani collected from Trabzon (northeastern Turkey). Biota (Race) 3(1-2): 85-90. Vipera berus Anonymous. 1961. Adder bites. British Medical Journal 5239: 1597. Anonymous. 1970. Two examples of viper predation (Vipera berus) on great tit (Parus major) and coal tit (Parus ater). Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 64: 196-198. Anonymous. 1988. The distribution of reptiles and amphibians in Sussex. Hastings & East Sussex Naturalist 14(1): 13-25. Anonymous. 1990. Distribution of reptiles and amphibians in Sussex. Hastings & East Sussex Naturalist 14(3): 6-18. Anonymous. 2011. Reptile report 2010. Exmoor Naturalist 37: 81. Allen, D.E. 1950. The mammals, reptiles and amphibians of the Rugby district. Report Rugby School Natural History Society 1950: 18-24. Allen, R. 1996. Native herpetofauna. The adder or viper (Vipera berus berus) Linnaeus 1758. Rephiberary 222: 14-15. Allentoft, M.E. 2006. Historien om et hugormebid ... og lidt om viperidernes gift. [The story of an adder bite ... and something about the venom of vipers]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 49(2): 78-90. Andersson, S. 2003. Hibernation, habitat and seasonal activity in the adder, Vipera berus, north of the Arctic Circle in Sweden. Amphibia-Reptilia 24(4): 449-457. Andersson, S.; Johansson, L. 2001. Cold hardiness in the boreal adder, Vipera berus. Cryo Letters 22(3): 151-156. Andrén, C. 1976. Social behaviour of Vipera berus during the reproductive period. Norwegian Journal of Zoology 24(3): 234-235. Andrén, C. 1982. Effect of prey density on reproduction, foraging and other activities in the adder, Vipera berus. Amphibia-Reptilia 3(1): 81-96. Andrén, C. 1982. The role of the vomeronasal organs in the reproductive behavior of the adder Vipera berus. Copeia 1982(1): 148-157. Andrén, C. 1985. Risk of predation in male and female adders, Vipera berus (Linne). Amphibia-Reptilia 6(2): 203-206. Andrén, C. 1986. Courtship, mating and agonistic behaviour in a free-living population of adders, Vipera berus (L.). Amphibia-Reptilia 7(4): 353-383. Andrén, C.; Nilson, G. 1981. Reproductive success and risk of predation in normal and melanistic colour morphs of the adder, Vipera berus. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 15(3): 235-246. Andrén, C.; Nilson, G. 1983. Reproductive tactics in an island population of adders, Vipera berus (L.), with a fluctuating food resource. Amphibia-Reptilia 4(1): 63-79. Andrén, C.; Nilson, G. 1987. The copulatory plug of the adder, Vipera berus: does it keep sperm in or out? Oikos 49(2): 230-232. Andren, C.; Nilson, G.; Höggren, M.; Tegelstrom, H. 1997. Reproductive strategies and sperm competition in the adder, Vipera berus. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 70 [1996]: 129-141. Appleby, L. 1986. When adders multiply... Countryman 91(2): 113-117. Appleby, L. 1987. Dance of the adder. Country Life (London) 181(7): 84. Appleby, L.G. 1968. The sun-worship of the adder. Country Life 143(3707): 693-694. Appleby, L.G. 1969. The adder in spring time. Country Life 145: 188-189. Arbuckle, J.B.R. 1991. Facial swelling in cattle, probably due to adder bites. Veterinary Record 128(5): 111. Arbuckle, K. 2012. Natural history notes: Vipera berus (Common Adder). Defensive behavior. Herpetological Review 43(3): 499. Atkins, W. 2005. Conservation status of the adder Vipera berus in Greater London. English Nature Research Reports 666: 1-58. Austin, J. 1992. The ecology of adders (Vipera berus berus): a progress report (summer 1991). SWHS Journal 2(1) [1991]: 22-23. Avery, R. 1997. Reptiles and amphibians on Mendip. Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 55: 55-61. Bailey, G.J. 1989. Notes on local fauna and flora for 1988. Reptiles. Hastings & East Sussex Naturalist 14(2): 32-33. Bailey, G.J. 1991. Notes on the local fauna and flora for 1990. Reptiles. Hastings & East Sussex Naturalist 14(4): 17, 41-42. Bajger, J. 1978. Does the legal protection of the common European viper (Vipera berus) endanger our life? Chronmy Przyrode Ojczysta 34(6): 13-19. Baker, J.; Suckling, J.; Carey, R. 2004. Status of the adder Vipera berus and slow-worm Anguis fragilis in England. English Nature Research Reports 546: 1-44. Bakiev, A.G. 2004. Über die Nahrungsbeziehungen der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus) in der mittleren Wolgararegion als Räuber und Beute von Wirbeltieren. Mertensiella 15: 259-261. Banzer, A. 1891. Die Kreuzotter. Ihre Lebensweise, ihr Biss und ihre Verbreitung mit besonderer Berücksichtung ihres Vorkommens in Bayern. Munich. 48 pp. Barker, D.J.P.; Foster, K.J. 1976. Bites from black snakes. British Medical Journal 6025: 1591. Barta, Z. 1994. Zur Vorkommen der Kreutzotter, Vipera berus berus (L.), im Kreis Most. Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 19: 112-115. Barth, E.K. 1963. Maximum length of Norwegian Snakes and data on Slow-worm and Moor Frog. Fauna (Oslo) 16(1): 33-37. Basoglu, M. 1947. On some varieties of Vipera berus from the extreme north-eastern Anatolia. Revue Faculte des Sciences Universite d'Istanbul 12B(3): 182-190. Batt, B.E.A. 1944. Two cases of snake-bite. British Medical Journal 1944(4361): 181-2. Bauer, U. 1995. Vorkommen und Schutz von Schlangen im Raum Augsburg. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fuer Schwaben 99(4): 74-84. Baumgart, G.; Parent, G.H.; Thorn, R. 1983. Observations recentes de la vipere peliade (Vipera berus L.) dans le Massif vosgien. Ciconia 7(1): 1-23. Baybolova, K.T.; Lukyanets, Y.G. 2011. [Color variability of Vipera (Pelias) berus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Elaphe dione (Pallas, 1773) in the limits of Kazakhstan Altai]. (In Russian). Selevinia 2011: 208-210. Bednarz, Z. 2002. Swiat gadow w zyciu Lasowiakow - jak wykorzystac w ochronie przyrody strach przed zmijami. [The world of reptiles in the life of Lasowiaks: how to make the most of the fear of vipers for nature conservation]. (In Polish, English summary). Przeglad Przyrodniczy 13(4): 153-157. Beebee, T.J.C. 2014. Reptiles and amphibians of a village in Somerset, England. Herpetological Bulletin 128: 16-19. Bellairs, R.; Bellairs, A.A.; Griffiths, I. 1955. Placentation in the adder, Vipera berus. Nature (London) 176: 657-658. Belova, Z.V. 1974. Home ranges of the common viper (Vipera berus L.) during the summer period. Byulleten Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir. (Otd. Biol.) 79(6): 146-148. Belova, Z.V. 1975. Sex and composition of the Vipera berus population. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 54(1): 143-145. Belova, Z.V. 1976. Spatial structure of a population of the common adder (Vipera berus). Soviet Journal Ecology 7(1): 53-56. Belova, Z.V. 1977. [Dynamics of numbers of the common viper in the Darvinsk Reserve]. pp. 33-34. In: Darevsky, I.S. [Fourth All-Union Herpetological Conference. Questions in Herpetology]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskij Institut. Izdatel'stvo 'Nauka', Leningrad. 243 pp. (In Russian). Belova, Z.V. 1981. [Tagging methods of Vipera berus (L.)]. pp. 16-17. (In Russian). In: Darevsky, I.S., Ananjeva, N.B., Barkagan, Z.S., Borkin, L.Y., Sokolova, T.M. & Shcherbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp. Belova, Z.V. 1982. Color variations in the common viper Vipera berus L. Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologicheskii 87(5): 42-45. Benson, P.A. 1999. Identifying individual adders, Vipera berus, within an isolated colony in East Yorkshire. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 67: 21-27. Bentz, G. 2002. La vipere peliade Vipera berus a Trebeurden, cotes d'Armor: adaptation de la strategie de thermoregulation aux mauvaises conditions meteorologiques. Annales de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de la Charente-Maritime 9(2): 225-235. Bernstrom, J. 1943. Till Kännedomen om huggormen, Vipera berus berus (Linne). [To the knowledge of the adder, Vipera berus berus]. (In Swedish). Göteborgs Vetensk. Samh. Handl. (6) 2B(10): 3-34. Bertrand, H. 1999. La "petite vipere noire de Maine-et-Loire": mythe ou realite? Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 91: 29-34. Bezman-Moseyko, O.S. 2010. New records of three rare snake species from the left bank of Dniester River (Pridnestrovie). Russian Journal of Herpetology 17(4): 280-284. Bidie, J. 1902. Notes on the Scottish adder. Annals of Scottish Natural History 1902: 217-220. Biella, H.J. 1977. Studien zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus L.) in der Oberlausitz. Abhandlungen Ber. Naturk. Mus.-ForschStelle. Görlitz 51(4): 1-9. Biella, H.J. 1978. Beobachtungen zur Vergesellschaftung der Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus (L.)) während der Aktivitätsperiode (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 35(13): 219-221. Biella, H.J. 1980. Untersuchungen zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus (L.)) (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 36(6): 117-125. Biella, H.J. 1988. Bemerkenswerte Abundanzen bei Oberlausitzer Schlangenpopulationen. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Görlitz 61(10): 45-52. Biella, H.J. 1990. Zur variation eidonomischer Merkmale bei Kreuzottern (Vipera b. berus) aus dem Gesamtgebiet der DDR (Reptilia, Serpentes: Viperidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 45(2): 127-135. Biella, H.J.; Dittmann, G.; Volkl, W. 1993. Ökologische Untersuchungen an Kreuzotterpopulationen (Vipera berus (L.)) in vier Regionen Mitteldeutschlands. (Reptilia, Serpentes: Viperidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 47(2): 193-204. Biella, H.J.; Nöllert, A. 1985. Zur Lebensweise der Kreuzotter, Vipera berus (L.), in Feuchtgebieten (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae). Faunistische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 12(2): 163-165. Biella, H.J.; Schiemenz, H. 1980. Beobachtungen zur Nahrungsaufnahme der Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus L.) im Freiluftterrarium. Zoologische Garten 50(1): 15-16. Biella, H.J.; Volkl, W. 1987. Beobachtungen zur saisonellen und diurnellen Aktivität der Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus (L.)) (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 43(1): 41-48. Biella, H.J.; Volkl, W. 1993. Die Biologie der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus, L. 1758) in Mitteleuropa -ein kurzer Überblick. Mertensiella 3: 311-318. Bird, M.C.H. 1901. Observations on the viper (Pelias berus). Transactions Norfolk Soc. 7: 243-245. Blackwell, K. 1957. Distribution of the adder (Vipera berus) in the county of Northamptonshire, vice county 32. British Journal of Herpetology 2: 95-96. Blackwell, K. 1958. Distribution of adder. British Journal of Herpetology 2: 134. Blazuk, J. 1985. [The reptiles living in the environs of the town of Swinoujscie]. (In Polish). Chronmy Przyrode Ojczysta 41(1): 41-42. Bobrov, V.V. 1989. [Reptile distribution in the Moscow region]. pp. 164-176. (In Russian). In: Orlova, V.F. (ed.). Zemnovodnye i presmykayushchiesya Moskovskoi oblasti: (materialy soveshchaniya po gerpetofaune Moskvy i Moskovskoi oblasti, 9-10 noyabrya 1987g., Moskva) [The amphibians and reptiles of the Moscow region: a conference on the herpetofauna of Moscow and the Moscow Region, 9-10 November 1987, Moscow]. Nauka, Moskva. 179 pp. Bodin, J. 1959. Reptiles et batraciens de Grande-Brière. Bulletin Soc. Sci. Nat. Ouest 53: 19-23. Bodin, J.; Duguy, R. 1958. Presence de Vipera berus en Grande-Briere (L. Atl.). Vie et Milieu 9: 248-251. Bogdanov, O.P. 1972. Mass quantity dryness [infertility] of kafi in 1969. Ekologiya 1972(2): 98. Böhme, W.; Böhm, M. 2011. ["Berus" and "Tirus", two pre-Linnean snake names hard to identify]. (In German). Sekretär 11(2): 3-16. Bonnet, X.; Naulleau, G.; Shine, R. 1999. The dangers of leaving home: dispersal and mortality in snakes. Biological Conservation 89(1): 39-50. Borgert, H. 1897. Über eine zweiköpfige Kreuzotter. Verh. Ver. Hamb. 3(4): 50-57. Borkin, L.Y.; Kirillov, F.N. 1981. On northern range limit of the adder, Vipera berus (L.) in Yakutia. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 101: 48. Boulenger, G.A. 1892. An investigation into the variations of the viper in Great Britain. Zoologist 3(16): 87-93. Boulenger, G.A. 1895. On the variations of the viper (Vipera berus) in Denmark. Zoologist 2(19): 60-62. Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Note sur des Vipera berus captures en Normandie. Bull. Soc. Rouen 31: 149-151. Bowler, L. 1987. The adder. Snake Keeper 1(4): 15. Bowles, F.D.; Montgomery, C. 2004. New East Lothian sites for the adder (Vipera berus) found from 19th century records. Herpetological Bulletin 88: 2-3. Bozhansky, A.T.; Pishchelev, V.A. 1978. Effect of some forms of economic activity on distribution and numbers of Vipera berus. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 57(11): 1695-1698. Brady, L. 1998. The current status of reptile and amphibian recording in Kent. Bulletin of the Kent Field Club 43: 94-100. Brander, T. 1950. Faunistika iakttagelser i Kivijarvi-trakten i Urdiala (Ta) [Fauna observations in the Kivijarvi Tract in Urdiala]. Memoranda Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 25: 121-135. Bratberg, B.; Flesja, K. 1973. Intoxication following adder bite. Nordisk Vet Med. 25(4-5): 185-195. Brewster, K.W. 1957. Adder bite. British Medical Journal 5031: 1362. Bringsøe, H. 2001. Hav og hugorme. [The sea and vipers.] (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 44(2): 65-69. Bringsøe, H. 2002. Hvordan svømmer en hugorm og en snog? [How do vipers and Grass Snakes swim?]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 45(1): 22-25. Bringsøe, H. 2007. Ekstrem dansk vinter: Oversvømmelse tvinger hugorm frem [Extreme Danish winter: floods force out adder from its refuge]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 50(2): 55-57. Brodmann, P. 1972. Eine Kreuzotter (Vipera berus) mit runder Pupille. Salamandra 8(3-4): 186. Broennimann, O.; Ursenbacher, S.; Meyer, A.; Golay, P.; Monney, J.C.; Schmocker, H.; Guisan, A.; Dubey, S. 2014. Influence of climate on the presence of colour polymorphism in two montane reptile species. Biology Letters 10(11): 20140638. Broomfield, R. 1974. Dance of the adders. Wildlife 16(9): 420. Buchner, O. 1917. Über besonders merkwürdige Farbungsvarietäten der Kreuzotter. Jahreshefte Ver. Natk. (Stuttgart) 73: 10-22. Bull, D. 2017. Vipera berus (Northern Viper): Morphometrics of feeding on a common field vole. Herpetological Bulletin 136: 33-34. Burghardt, P. 2005. Geschlechtsspezifisches Zeichnunsmerkmal einer Kreuzotter-Population, Vipera b. berus, im südöstlichen Niederrheinischen Tiefland, Nordrhein-Westfalen. Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 12(2): 254-259. Burghardt, P. 2005. Populationsökologische Untersuchungen zur Kreuzotter, Vipera b. berus (L.), im Süden der Niederrheinischen Sand platten - Ergebnisse und Gedanken zu Schutzmassnahmen. Elektronische Aufsätze der Biologischen Station Westliches Ruhrgebiet 1.11: 1-5. Burghardt, P. 2007. Die Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus L.) in Forstflächen des Naturraums Niederrheinsche Sandplatten (NRW). Naturschutzreport 24: 106-115. Burghardt, P. 2011. Zur Dauer saisonaler Aktivitätsphasen und zur Überwinterung der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus) an einem Waldstandort im Niederrheinischen Tiefland. Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 18(1): 69-86. Burrage, B.R. 1961. Notes on the adder and other reptiles in Cornwall. British Journal of Herpetology 3: 15-16. Cabela, A.; Grillitsch, H. 2004. Der Einfluss von Höhenlänge, ausgewählten Klimafaktoren und Landnutzung auf die Verbreitung von Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Österreich. Mertensiella 15: 229-240. Cafuta, V. 2010. A new find of the adder (Vipera berus) in the Prekmurje region, NE Slovenia. Natura Sloveniae 12(1): 129-130. Capra, F. 1954. La Vipera berus L. in Piemonte. Annali del Museo Civico de Storia Naturale di Genova 66: 301-312. Capula, M.; Luiselli, L. 1992. Ecology and phenology of Vipera berus populations (Reptilia: Viperidae) from eastern Italian Alps. pp. 95-99. In: Korsos, Z. & Kiss, I. (eds.): Proceedings of the 6th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 19-23 August 1991, Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 531 pp. Capula, M.; Luiselli, L. 1994. Reproductive strategies in alpine adders, Vipera berus. The black females bear more often. Acta Oecologica 15(2): 207-214. Capula, M.; Luiselli, L. 1995. Individual reproductive success in snakes: what may we learn from alpine adders, Vipera berus? Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 71-72 [1994]: 63-72. Capula, M.; Luiselli, L. 1995. Is there a different preference in the choice of background colour between melanistic and cryptically coloured morphs of the adder, Vipera berus? Bollettino di Zoologia 62(3): 253-256. Capula, M.; Luiselli, L. 1996. Selezione sessuale e determinanti del successso riproduttivo nel marasso (Vipera berus). Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali Acta Biologica 71: 163-165. Capula, M.; Luiselli, L.; Anibaldi, C. 1992. Complementary study on the reproductive biology in female adder, Vipera berus (L.), from eastern Italian Alps. Vie et Milieu 42(3-4): 327-336. Carlsson, M.; Höggren, M.; Jaarola, M.; Tegelstrom, H. 1995. Postglacial colonization history of Scandinavian adders (Vipera berus). Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 71(3-4): 89-92. Carlsson, M.; Soderberg, L.; Tegelstrom, H. 2004. The genetic structure of adders (Vipera berus) in Fennoscandia: congruence between different kinds of genetic markers. Molecular Ecology 13(10): 3147-3152. Carlsson, M.; Tegelstrom, H. 2002. Phylogeography of adders (Vipera berus) from Fennoscandia. pp. 1-9. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp. Carter, H.H. 1978. The recorder's report for vertebrates, 1976-77. Reading Naturalist 30: 31-36. Carter, H.H. 1979. The recorder's report for vertebrates, 1977-1978. Reading Naturalist 31: 26-31. Carter, H.H. 1988. Recorder's report for vertebrates 1987. Reading Naturalist 40: 50-51. Caruccio, A. 1894. Sulla Vipera berus, subsp. V. as pls. e sulle sue varieta raccolta in un decennio nella Prov. di Roma. Boll. Soc. Rom. Zool. 3: 77-92. Cavin, L. 1993. Structure d'une population subalpine de lézards vivipares (Lacerta vivipara Jacquin, 1787). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 100(2): 357-371. Ceirans, A. 2007. Microhabitat characteristics for reptiles Lacerta agilis, Zootoca vivipara, Anguis fragilis, Natrix natrix, and Vipera berus in Latvia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 14(3): 172-176. Chabanaud, P. 1921. Sur la presence en France de la peliade noire (Vipera berus var. preater L.). Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 46: 10. Chemini, C. 1983. Vipera o carbonazz? Natura Alpina 34(4): 35-37. Cheung, M.; Gent, T. 1996. Evaluation of refuges for surveying reptile species at two sites in Northamptonshire and Hampshire. English Nature Science 27: 71-99. Chope, R.P. 1936. Adder and its young. Rep. Devons. Ass. Adv. Sci. 68: 133-135. Ciach, M. 2007. Zmija zygzakowata Vipera berus ofiara zaby trawnej Rana temporaria [Adder Vipera berus as a prey of common frog Rana temporaria]. (In Polish). Kulon 12: 103-104. Clark, R. 1999. Hibernation in the adder (Vipera b. berus) in southern Norway. Herptile 24(1): 46-48. Clausnitzer, H.J. 1978. Nahrung und Biotopanspruch der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus) im Kreis Celle. Beiträge zur Naturkunde Niedersachsens 31(2): 41-43. Clausnitzer, H.J. 2001. Späte Geburtstermine bei Kreuzottern (Vipera berus) in der Südheide. Beitraege zur Naturkunde Niedersachsens 54(1-2): 8-13. Cochran, D.M. 1944. Dangerous reptiles (popular). Rep. Smithson. Instn. 1943: 275-325. Conrady, D.; Boddenberg, J.; Robisch, F.; Thiele, A.; Uthleb, H. 2005. Naturnahe Waldbäche und lichte Waldlebensräume in Thüringen. Ein Modellprojekt des Ilm-Kreises und des Freistaates Thüringen. Landschaftspflege und Naturschutz in Thüringen 42(3): 85-91. Conrady, D.; Rees, U. 2007. Entwicklung lichter Waldlebensräume am Beispiel der Laitart Kreuzotter (Vipera berus L.). Naturschutzreport 24: 66-87. Conwentz, H. 1907. Coronella austriaca u. Vipera berus in Westpreussen. Danzig, Ber. nathist. Samml. 27(1906): 16-20. Cooke, A.S.; Arnold, H.R. 1982. National changes in status of the commoner British amphibians and reptiles before 1974. British Journal of Herpetology 6(6): 206-207. Coote, J. 2000. Vipera berus. Reptilia (GB) 10: 43-47. Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.M.; Tomovic, L.M.; Ajtic, R.D. 2003. Syntopic populations of Orsini's Viper (Vipera ursinii) and adder (Vipera berus) in Northeastern Montenegro. p. 52. In: Anonymous. Herpetologia Petropolitana. Programme and abstracts. 12th ordinary general meeting. Societas Europaea Herpetologica (SEH). Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 12-16 August 2003. Societas Europaea Herpetologica (SEH). 201 pp. Cummings, B.F. 1912. Occurrence of the small red viper in North Devon. The Zoologist (London) 70: 38. Curry-Lindahl, K. 1963. Dicephalism in the adder (Vipera berus). British Journal of Herpetology 3(4): 81. Damme, R. van; Bauwens, D.; Vanderstighelen, D.; Verheyen, R.F. 1990. Responses of the lizard Lacerta vivipara to predator chemical cues: the effects of temperature. Animal Behaviour 40(2): 298-305. Deaton, R.H. 1986. Lower vertebrate section. Harrogate & District Naturalists' Society Report 1986: 30-33. Deichsel, G. 1969. Die Kreuzottern vom Federsee. DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift) 22: 31. Dely, O.G.; Marián, M. 1960. Contributions a l'étude de la repartition de la vipère commune (Vipera berus Linne) en Hongrie. Vertebrata Hungarica 2: 175-188. Despax, R. 1925. Un nouveau cas de vipère meridionale a caracteres intermediaires entre Vipera aspis L. et V. berus L. Bull. soc. hist. nat. Toulouse 53: 119-120. Dolmen, D. 2013. [The adder Vipera berus in Norway - about exaggerations, northern limits and cheating]. (In Norwegian). Fauna (Oslo) 66(3-4): 100-108. Dong, B.J.; Li, P.P.; Zhao, E.M.; Zeng, X.M.; Chen, Y.Y. 2006. [Common viper (Vipera berus) found again in northeast China]. (In Chinese, no English summary). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 25(2): 339-340. Dore, R. 1990. La vipere peliade dans le departement de la Somme. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 56: 74-75. Drobenkov, S.M. 1995. Comparative analysis of the feeding of sympatric snakes Vipera berus (L.), Natrix natrix (L.), and Coronella austriaca (Laur.). (In Russian). Ekologiya (Moscow) 3: 222-226. Duerr, P. 2004. Vergleichende Längenmessung bei Schlangen und deren abgestreiften Häuten. Elaphe 12(3): 59. Duguy, R.; Saint Girons, H. 1989. Vipera berus en Vendee. Annales de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de la Charente-Maritime 7(8): 1005-1007. Dullemeijer, P. 1956. The functional morphology of the head of the common viper, Vipera berus (L.). Arch, neerl. Zool. 11: 389-497. Dupres, F. 1991. The common viper, Vipera berus. Herptile 16(3): 105. Durkin, J. 2012. Adder Vipera berus. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumbria 73: 223-224. Edelstam, C. 1971. White adders. Animals 13: 896-897. Efimov, R.V.; Zavialov, E.V.; Tabachishin, V.G.; Pomazenko, O.A. 2009. [Molecular-genetic analysis of rare and protected species of Volga vipers]. (In Russian). Izvestiya Samarskogo Nauchnogo Centra Rossiskaya Akademii Nauk 11(1) (27): 429-432. Efimov, R.V.; Zavyalov, E.V.; Velikov, V.A.; Tabachishin, V.G. 2008. Genetic divergence of Vipera berus and Vipera nikolskii (Reptilia: Viperidae, Vipera) populations in lower Volga and adjacent territories assessed according to the sequences of cytochrome oxidase III and 12S ribosome RNA genes. Russian Journal of Genetics 44(2): 240-243. Eiffe, O.E. 1898. Über die Fütterung der Kreuzotter in der Gefangenschaft. Zoologischer Garten 39: 222-224. Ekman, G. 1914. Über die schwarze Varietät der Kreuzotter, Pelias berus L. 1758. Medd. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fenn. (Helsingfors) 40: 126-131. Eldalh, A.; Gislén, T.; Hoff, H.; Johnsen, P.; Moller, E. 1948. Om virkningen og behandlingen af hugormebid. Flora og Fauna (Copenhagen) 54(1-3): 49-56. Elliott, M.D. 1996. The spring behaviour of adders, Vipera berus on Cors Fochno, Dyfed, and implications on survey methodology. English Nature Science 27: 157-161. Elmberg, J.; Hagman, M.; Lowenborg, K.; Karvemo, S. 2013. Snokens barnkammare försvinner. [The grass snake Natrix natrix is losing its nesting sites]. (In Swedish). Fauna och Flora (Stockholm) 108(1): 10-16. Enderlein, R. 1949. Iakttagelser över huggormens näringsintagande i terrarium [Observations of the feeding of the adder in captivity]. (In Swedish). Fauna och Flora (Uppsala) 2-3: 92-104. Engdal, J. 1978. Record adder, Vipera berus. Fauna (Oslo) 31(2): 137. Evans, G. 1992. Pattern variation in Maer adder (Vipera berus) populations. Herptile 17(2): 86-87. Feix, H.; Wüstermann, O. 2008. Kreuzotterbeobachtung im Klippengebiet am Ottofels bei Wernigerode. Naturschutz im Land Sachsen-Anhalt 45(2): 50-51. Fejervary, G.J. 1923. On the occurrence of Vipera berus L. in the county of Zola, S. Hungary. Annales Historico Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 20: 135-140. Ferreira, J.B. 1894. Remarques sur la vipère commune. Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes (Ser. 2) (Lisboa) 3: 167-170. Fisher, H. 1958. Begegnungen mit Kreuzottern in der Rhon. Natur und Volk 88: 338-343. Flärdh, B. 1984. [Unusual colour patterns in the viper Vipera b. berus (Linnaeus)]. (In Swedish). Fauna Och Flora (Stockholm) 79(2): 66-68. Forman, F. 1981. Zur Schlangenfauna im Osnabrücker Gebiet. Osnabrücker Naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen 8: 135-138. Forsman, A. 1991. Adaptive variation in head size in Vipera berus L. populations. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 43(4): 281-296. Forsman, A. 1992. Adaptive body and head size variation in populations of the adder Vipera berus. Acta Universatitis Upsaliensis Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations From the Faculty of Science 401: 1-34. Forsman, A. 1993. Growth rate in different colour morphs of the adder, Vipera berus, in relation to yearly weather variation. Oikos 66(2): 279-285. Forsman, A. 1993. Survival in relation to body size and growth rate in the adder, Vipera berus. Journal of Animal Ecology 62(4): 647-655. Forsman, A. 1994. Growth rate and survival in relation to relative head size in Vipera berus. Journal of Herpetology 28(2): 231-238. Forsman, A. 1995. Heating rates and body temperature variation in melanistic and zigzag Vipera berus: does colour make a difference? Annales Zoologici Fennici 32(4): 365-374. Forsman, A. 1996. Growth and survival of Vipera berus in a variable environment. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 70 1997 [1996]: 143-154. Forsman, A. 1997. An experimental test for food effects on head size allometry in juvenile snakes. Evolution 50(6) [1996]: 2536-2542. Forsman, A.; As, S. 1987. Maintenance of colour polymorphism in adder, Vipera berus, populations: a test of a popular hypothesis. Oikos 50(1): 13-16. Forsman, A.; Lindell, L.E. 1991. Trade-off between growth and energy storage in male Vipera berus (L.) under different prey densities. Functional Ecology 5(6): 717-723. Forsman, A.; Lindell, L.E. 1993. The advantage of a big head: swallowing performance in adders, Vipera berus. Functional Ecology 7(2): 183-189. Forsman, A.; Lindell, L.E. 1997. Responses of a predator to variation in prey abundance: survival and emigration of adders in relation to vole density. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75(7): 1099-1108. Forsman, A.; Merila, J.; Lindell, L.E. 1994. Do scale anomalies cause differential survival in Vipera berus? Journal of Herpetology 28(4): 435-440. Frazer, D. 1983. Reptiles and amphibians in Britain. Collins, London. 256 pp. Frederiksen, R. 2009. Ulstrup strand - et godt sted at finde krybdyr [Ulstrup beach - a good place to find reptiles]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 51(5): 167-170. Fritz, K. 1990. Gefährdete Schlangen: Kreuzotter und Ringelnatter. Ökologie & Naturschutz 1 [1987]: 123-125. Fritz, K.; Laufer, H.; Sowig, P. 2004. Verbreitung und Bestandssituation der Kreuzotter Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Baden-Württemberg. Mertensiella 15: 108-116. Fritzsche, J.; Obst, F.J. 1966. Vipera berus bosniensis Boettger auch in Ungarn. Abh. Ber. St. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 28: 281-283. Froesch-Franzon, P. 1977. Über die Kreuzotter, Vipera berus (Linnaeus 1758). Aquaria 24(4): 70-75. Froesch-Franzon, P. 1979. Variabilita' delle placche cefaliche in Vipera aspis e im Vipera berus. Bollettino della Societa' Ticinese di Scienze Naturali 67: 107-111. Frohawk, F.W. 1927. A large adder. Field (London) 149(3884): 919. Frommhold, E. 1954. Betrachtungen über die Kreuzotter. Urania 17(8): 302-306. Frommhold, E. 1964. Die Kreuzotter. A. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg, Lutherstadt. 76 pp. Frostheden, H. 1952. Angarnssjöägens vertebrater. Fauna och Flora (Stockholm) 1952(5-6): 177-203. Gale, A.B. 1980. Notes on the local fauna and flora for 1979. Reptiles. Hastings & East Sussex Naturalist 12(5): 165. Gale, J.A.B. 1981. Notes on the local fauna and flora for 1980. Reptiles. Hastings & East Sussex Naturalist 12(5): 205. Gale, J.A.B. 1982. Notes on the local flora and fauna for 1981. Reptilia. Hastings & East Sussex Naturalist 13(1): 45-46. Gale, J.A.B. 1985. Notes on the local fauna and flora for 1984. Reptiles. Hastings & East Sussex Naturalist 13(4): 36-37. Gallwey, E. 1933. The viper in captivity. The Naturalist 1933: 97. Gallwey, E. 1934. An adder family. Naturalist (London) 1934: 97-105. Garancsy, M. 1975. Why do we protect all of our reptiles? Buvar 30(5): 217-221. Garstka, K. 1988. Studies on the population of the common European viper, Vipera berus, in the environs of Lutowiska in the Bieszczady Mountains. Chronmy Przyrode Ojczysta 44(3): 74-79. Gaywood, M.J.; Spellerberg, I.F. 1996. Thermal ecology 1: thermal ecology of reptiles and implication for survey and monitoring. English Nature Science 27: 9-22. Geh, G. 1996. Verhaltensbeobachtungen an Kreuzottern (Vipera berus) beim Sonnen. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fuer Schwaben 100(3): 50-55. Geiger, A. 1993. Die Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus Linnaeus 1758) in Nordrhein-Westfalen - Lebensräume, Gefährdung & Schutz. Mertensiella 3: 319-324. Geiger, A. 2004. Verbreitung und Bestandssituation der Kreuzotter-Vipera b. berus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Mertensiella 15: 99-107. Geiger, C. 2010. Kriechtiere (Reptilia). Jahresbericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Graubuenden 116: 30. Gent, C.J. 1979. Phenology, 1978. Country-side 23(10): 490-494. Gent, C.J. 1980. Phenology over 1979. Country-side 24(1): 26-29. Gentilli, A.; Scali, S.; Sacchi, R. 2006. Morphometric differences between extant and extinct Italian populations of the adder, Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758). Acta Herpetologica 1(1): 65-71. George, A.M. 1989. Reptile report. Journal of the Ruislip and District Natural History Society 27: 39-41. Georgescu, B.; Iozon, D.; Sirbu, M.; Mierlita, D.; Odagiu, A. 2003. The effects of microclimate factors on reproduction of the species Vipera berus berus. Buletinul Universitatii de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara Cluj Napoca Seria Zootehnie si Biotehnologii 59: 235-239. Georgescu, B.; Mierlita, D.; Iozon, D.; Georgescu, C. 2004. Research concerning the influence of a total mixed ratio on venom quantitative production, body weight and health in Vipera berus berus. Buletinul Universitatii de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara Cluj Napoca Seria Zootehnie si Biotehnologii 60: 157-160. Georgescu, B.; Mierlita, D.; Iozon, D.; Georgescu, C. 2005. Researches regarding the practical applications of torpor state induction in Vipera berus berus species. Buletinul Universitatii de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara Cluj Napoca Seria Zootehnie si Biotehnologii 61: 178-183. Georgescu, B.; Salajan, G.H.; Iozon, D.; Mierlita, D.; Odagiu, A. 2000. Temperatura - factor de biotop cu influenta esentiala asupra alimentatiei si a duratei de digestie la specia Viperus berus. [Temperature - a factor of the biotop with major impact on the nutritional behaviour and the period of digestion in Vipera berus]. pp. 144-148. (In Romanian, English summary). In: Man, C. (ed.). Simpozion National "Realizari si Perspective in Zootehnie si Biotehnologii": lucrari stiintifice: Vol. XXVI (1) Cluj-Napoca, 17-18 noiembrie 2000. [National symposium "Achievements and Expectations in Animal Husbandry and Biotechnologies": scientific debates: Vol. XXVI (1), Cluj-Napoca, 17-18 November 2000]. Editura AcademicPres, Cluj-Napoca. 259 pp. Georgescu, B.; Salajan, G.H.; Odagiu, A.; Georgescu, D.; Mierlita, D. 1997. The influence of temperature on voluntary intake of food in Vipera berus. Buletinul Universitatii de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara Cluj Napoca Seria Zootehnie si Biotehnologii si Medicina Veterinara 51(1): 11-14. Gezova, S.; Drugac, P.; Purkart, A.; Jablonski, D. 2018. Albinism in two snake species recorded from Slovakia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 25(1): 79-82. Ghielmi, S.; Bergo, P.E.; Andreone, F. 2006. Nuove segnalazioni di Zootoca vivipara Jaquin e di Vipera berus Linnaeus, in Piemonte, Italia nord-occidentale (Novitates Herpetologicae Pedemontanae II). Acta Herpetologica 1(1): 29-36. Ghira, I.; Stugren, B. 1988. Verteilung von Amphibien und Reptilien auf Höhenzonen im Retezat-Gebirge. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Biologia 33(2): 69-75. Ghiurca, D.; Gherghel, I.; Rosu, G. 2009. Contribution to knowledge of the distribution of herpetofauna in Tarcau Mountains (Romania). AES Bioflux 1(2): 73-79. Gibson, J.A. 1972. Increase of adders on Holy Island, Arran. Western Naturalist 1: 115-116. Gibson, J.A. 2000. What to do for an adder bite. Scottish Naturalist 112(2): 55-70. Giddens, C. 2008. Reptile report 2007. Exmoor Naturalist 34: 59-60. Gilbert, C.M.J.; Compton, S.G.A. 2013. Differences in basking site selection between the sympatric snakes Vipera berus and Natrix natrix. Herpetological Bulletin 126: 10-13. Glandt, D. 1971. Zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der Kreuzotter Vipera berus (L. 1758) (Reptilia, Viperidae) am Niederrhein. Decheniana 123(1-2): 275-279. Glandt, D. 2002. Eine rötliche Kreuzotter (Vipera berus berus) mit kraeftigem Zickzackband. Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 9(1): 116-118. Goddard, D.L.H. 1951. Bitten by adder. British Medical Journal 4719: 1394. Golubkov, V.S.; Lavrovskaya, V.P.; Lezhnev, E.I.; Saveljeva, L.A.; Moshkov, D.A. 1997. The primary culture of the Vipera berus poison-secretory parotoid gland. Tsitologiya 39(7): 537-540. Gooch, B. 1945. Adders in the snow. Field (Oct.) 6: 343. Gooch, B. 1964. Young adders {Vipera berus) feeding in captivity. British Journal of Herpetology 3: 159-160. Grabski, M. 1991. New localities of common viper (Vipera berus) in western Sudety Mts (SW Poland). Lubuski Przeglad Przyrodniczy 2(2-3): 97-102. Graitson, E. 2008. Eco-ethologie d'une population de viperes peliades (Vipera b. berus L.) dans une region de bocage du sud-ouest de la Belgique. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 128: 3-19. Green, C.; Gamble, P. 1980. Swithland Reservoir complex. Loughborough Naturalists' Club Annual Report 1980: 13-14. Grieg, J.A. 1914. Hugormens vertikale utbredning i det sydlige Norge [The vertical distribution of the viper in southern Norway]. Bergen Naturen 38: 102-114. Grieg, J.A. 1915. Nogen hugormnoti ser [Some notes on vipers]. Bergen Naturen 39: 94-95. Grillitsch, H.; Cabela, A. 2004. Zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der Kreuzotter in Österreich. Mertensiella 15: 131-143. Grodzinski, W. 1957. [Materials for the study of the vertebrate fauna of the western Bieszczads]. (In Polish, English summary). Zesz. Nauk Uniw. Jagiellonsk. No. 10, Seria Nauk Biol. Zoologia 1: 177-221. Groen, J. 2018. It’s a snake-eat-snake world: Predation on an adder (Vipera berus) by a smooth snake (Coronella austriaca) in a nature reserve in the north of the Netherlands. Herpetology Notes 11: 729-731. Groudis, S.P. 1981. [Peculiarities in the biology of Anguis fragilis in Lithuania and a case of predation on Vipera berus]. pp. 44-45. In: Darevsky, I.S.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Barkagan, Z.S.; Borkin, L.Y.; Sokolova, T.M. & Szczerbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp. (abstract, in Russian). Groudis, S.P. 1989. [Herpetofauna]. (In Russian). Teploenergetika i Okruzhayushchaya Sreda 7: 135-140. Grubant, V.N.; Rudaeva, A.V.; Vedmederya, V.I. 1972. Breeding the Vipera berus (L.) model in captivity. Ekologiya 1972(5): 85-87. Gruber, H.J.; Hansbauer, G.; Heckes, U.; Voelkl, W. 2004. Verbreitung und Bestandssituation der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus berus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in Bayern. Mertensiella 15: 117-124. Guiller, G.; Legentilhomme, J. 2006. Impact des pratiques agricoles sur une population de Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ophidia, Viperidae) en Loire-Atlantique. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France 28(2): 73-82. Guiller, G.; Legentilhomme, J.; Lourdais, O. 2012. Stratégies reproductrices de trois espèces de serpents vivipares en situation de sympatrie en Loire-Atlantique (44): Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758), Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758) et Coronella austriaca (Laurenti, 1768). Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 142-143: 123-143. Guillon, M.; Guiller, G.; DeNardo, D.F.; Lourdais, O. 2014. Microclimate preferences correlate with contrasted evaporative water loss in parapatric vipers at their contact zone. Canadian Journal of Zoology 92(1): 81-86. Gurtner, K. 1985. Vipera berus. Die Zucht bewährt sie vor der Ausrottung. Aquarium (Minden) 19(188): 89-91. Haartman, L. von 1976. Huggorm plundrar fågelholk. Ornis Fenn. 53(2): 48-51. Hall, D.G. 1978. Amphibia and Reptilia in the London area, 1977. Naturalist (London) 57: 91. Hall, L.B. 1928. The black adder. Proceedings Bournemouth Nat. Sci. Soc. 20: 66. Hanau, A. 1898. Beobachtungen über die Fütterung der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus, L.) in der Gefangenschaft. Zoologischer Garten 39: 150-154, 261-262. Hand, N. 2005. Looking for red eyes: a decline in the Herefordshire adder population. Flycatcher 73: 9-13. Hand, N. 2013. Vipera berus (adder): Gravid overwintering. Herpetological Bulletin 125: 34. Hansen, H.O.; Jorgensen, K.; Grathwohl, J.; Bille, T. 1994. [Herpetological excursion to south Zealand in mid August 1993]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 37(2): 18-20. Harris, G.T. 1933. Food of the adder. Nature (London) 132(3334): 482. Hayman, R.W. 1960. Snakes in a Lightwater garden. Rep. Camberley Nat. Hist. Soc. 1959: 5-7. Heckes, U.; Gruber, H.J.; Haft, J. 1993. Verbreitung, Habitateinbindung und Gefährdung der Kreuzotter Vipera berus (Linnaeus 1758) in Südbayern. Mertensiella 3: 331-341. Heer, E. 1979. Über schlangen im Riesgebiet und seiner Umgebung. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Schwaben 83(3-4): 64-69. Heimes, P. 1991. Neue Funde der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus) nördlich von Fulda. Hessische Faunistische Briefe 11(4): 76-78. Heimes, P. 1993. Die Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus L. 1758) im Spessart. Mertensiella 3: 325-329. Heimes, P.; Nowotne, F. 1992. Zur Verbreitung der Reptilien im hessischen Spessart unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus). Hessische Faunistische Briefe 12(4): 49-60. Heinze, O. 1996. Verletzung eines nestjungen Weissstorches (Ciconia ciconia) durch Schlangenbisse. Berichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Oberlausitz 5: 57-58. Heisinger Puric, A.; Debogovic, Z. 1981. Influence of nutrition of Vipera berus on venom toxicity in conditions of captivity. Veterinarski Glasnik 35(10): 999-1004. Heisinger Puric, A.; Debogovic, Z.; Tvrtkovic, N. 1980. On polymorphism phenomenon of Vipera berus with special reference to Vipera berus prester variant. Testing of venom toxicity. Veterinarski Glasnik 34(9): 811-816. Heisinger-Purié, A.; Debogovic, Z.; Delimar, N.; Ivesa-Petricevic, S. 1979. Differences in toxicity of Vipera berus venom during a year. Veterinarski Glasnik 33(6): 479-483. Hendy, E.W. 1938. Early snakes. Field May 7th: 1115. Henle, K. 1989. Herpetologische Beobachtungen in Griechenland. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 11(59): 6-10. Herczeg, G.; Gonda, A.; Perälä, J.; Saarikivi, J.; Tuomola, A.; Merilae, J. 2007. Ontogenetic differences in the preferred body temperature of the European adder Vipera berus. Herpetological Journal 17(1): 58-61. Herczeg, G.; Herrero, A.; Saarikivi, J.; Gonda, A.; Jantti, M.; Merila, J. 2008. Experimental support for the cost-benefit model of lizard thermoregulation: the effects of predation risk and food supply. Oecologia (Berlin) 155(1): 1-10. Herczeg, G.; Saarikivi, J.; Gonda, A.; Perälä, J.; Tuomola, A.; Merila, J. 2007. Suboptimal thermoregulation in male adders (Vipera berus) after hibernation imposed by spermiogenesis. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 92(1): 19-27. Herrmann, H.J.; Kabisch, K. 1990. Die Herpetofauna der Insel Sachalin. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 12(67): 6-10. Hodges, R. 2013. Vipera berus (common viper). Feigning death. Herpetological Bulletin 125: 30-31. Hodges, R.; Seabrook, C. 2014. Head-scale instability and the apparent heritability of a head scale anomaly in the Northern Viper (Vipera berus). Herpetological Bulletin 130: 16-17. Hodges, R.J.; Seabrook, C. 2017. Use of artificial refuges by the Northern Viper Vipera berus - 1. Seasonal and life stage variations on chalk downland. Herpetological Bulletin 137: 6-12. Hodges, R.J.; Seabrook, C. 2017. Use of artificial refuges by the Northern Viper Vipera berus - 2. Thermal ecology. Herpetological Bulletin 137: 13-18. Hodges, R.J.; Seabrook, C. 2017. Use of artificial refuges by the Northern Viper Vipera berus - 3. An experimental improvement to the thermal properties of refuges. Herpetological Bulletin 137: 19-23. Hofstra, J. 2001. Adder, adder forceps and rape-seed oil. Podarcis 2(4). Höggren, M.; Tegelstrom, H. 1995. DNA fingerprinting shows within-season multiple paternity in the adder (Vipera berus). Copeia 1995(2): 271-277. Höggren, M.; Tegelstrom, H. 1996. Does long-term storage of spermatozoa occur in the adder (Vipera berus)? Journal of Zoology (London) 240(3): 501-510. Höggren, M.; Tegelstrom, H. 2002. Genetic evidence for first-male mating advantage in the adder (Vipera berus). pp. 235-242. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp. Holzberger, H. 1981. Zur Haltung der einheimischen Kreuzotter (Vipera berus). Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 3(10): 6-9. Hopkins, P.W. 1954. Flies and snakes. British Journal of Herpetology 1: 190-191. Hopkins, P.W. 1957. Large size of a Devon viper. British Journal of Herpetology 2: 93. Hopwood, P.E. 1988. Adders in captivity. Snake Keeper 2(6): 14-17. Hordies, F.; Hecke, A. van 1985. Feeding habits and diet of the common viper. Wielewaal 51(10): 344-355. Houghton, A.W.J. 1971. Viper bites. British Medical Journal 2: 650. Howard, D.W. 1955. Report on reptiles. Report Bryanston School Natural History Society 1954: 16-17. Hromadka, J.; Vozenilek, P. 1976. On the better knowledge of life of common European viper, Vipera berus berus (Linnaeus 1758). Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 1: 31-42. Hussin, J.; Parent, G.H. 1998. Contribution a la connaissance du peuplement herpetologique de la Belgique - Note 11. Donnees nouvelles (1985-1996) sur la chorologie et sur l'ecologie de la vipere peliade, Vipera berus berus Linne, en Belgique. Naturalistes Belges 79(4): 257-269. Hustich, I. 1933. Nordlig fyndort for huggorm (Pelias berus). Mem. Soc. Fauna Fenn. Helsingfors 10: 98. Itkonen, T. 1909. Pohjoisia kyykaar meloytoja [Northern finds of the common viper]. Luonnon Ystava Helsingfors 13: 115. Ivanov, M.; Cernanský, A. 2017. Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) remains from the late Pleistocene of Slovakia. Amphibia-Reptilia 38(2): 133–144. Ivanovsky, V.; Shamovich, D. 2011. Ecology of short-toed eagle in Belarusian Poozerie. Berkut 20(1-2): 81-89. Jackel, A.J. 1865. Über die Verbreitung der Vipera berus, L. , in Bayern. Corr. -Blatt zool. -miner. Ver. Regensb. 1865: 155-169. Jakuczun, L. 1978. [The distribution of viper Vipera berus (L.) in the Tatra National Park]. (In Polish, English summary). Przeglad Zoologiczny 22(3): 275-279. Janssen, P. 2004. The status of adder research in the Netherlands. Mertensiella 15: 156-163. Jelic, D.; Ajtic, R.; Sterijovski, B.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.; Lelo, S.; Tomovic, L. 2013. Distribution of the genus Vipera in the western and central Balkans (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetozoa 25(3-4): 109-132. Jelic, D.; Ajtic, R.; Sterijovski, B.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.; Lelo, S.; Tomovic, L. 2013. Legal status and assessment of conservation threats to vipers (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) of the western and central Balkans. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 8(3): 764-770. Jenkyn, T.R. 1971. Adders in North Devon 1971. Journal Devon Trust Nat. Conserv. 3: 115-119. Jensen, A. 1924. En Hugorm fra Djursland [A viper from Djursland]. (In Danish). Flora og Fauna (Copenhagen) 1923: 125-127. Jensen, J.K.; Warncke, E. 1984. [Amphibians, reptiles and small mammals in and around selected spring areas in Jutland, Denmark]. (In Danish, English summary). Flora og Fauna 90(2): 64. Jofre, G.M.; Warn, M.R.; Reading, C.J. 2016. The role of managed coniferous forest in the conservation of reptiles. Forest Ecology and Management 362: 69-78. Joger, U. 1985. Status und Schutzproblematik der Kreuzotter, Vipera berus berus (L.), unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Situation in Hessen. Natur und Landschaft 60(9): 356-359. Joger, U.; Fritz, U.; Guicking, D.; Kalyabina-Hauf, S.; Nagy, Z.T.; Wink, M. 2010. Relict populations and endemic clades in Palearctic reptiles: evolutionary history and implications for conservation. pp. 119-143. In: Habel, J.C. & Assmann, T. (eds.). Relict species: phylogeography and conservation biology. Springer, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, etc. 449 pp. Joger, U.; Nicolay, H. 2004. Verbreitung und Bestandssituation der Kreuzotter Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Hessen. Mertensiella 15: 90-98. Joger, U.; Wollesen, R. (eds.). 2004. Verbreitung, Ökologie und Schutz der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)). Mertensiella 15: 1-309. Jones, D. 1980. Reptiles, amphibians and fish. Heritage 78: 11-13. Jones, D. 1985. Reptiles, amphibians and fish. Heritage 98: 11-13. Jones, M. 1985. Some effects of the Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976 with regard to the British adder Vipera berus in captivity. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 11: 36-38. Jooris, R. 1994. Bemerkenswerter Pileus bei einer Kreuzotter (Vipera berus berus). Salamandra 30(1): 84-85. Kabisch, K. 2015. Erinnerungen an Südsachalin und die Sachalin-Kreuzotter, Vipera berus sachalinensis TZAREVSKY, 1916. Sauria (Berlin) 37(2): 27-48. Kallander, H.; Sylven, M. 1976. Skata dodar huggorm? Anser 15(3): 221-222. Karaman, S.L. 1948. Prilog herpetologiji sjeverne Srbije. Prirod. Istraz. mat.-priv. Razred 24: 51-74. Käsewieter, D.; Baumann, N.; Voelkl, W. 2004. Populationsstruktur und Raumnutzung der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus (L.)) im Lechtal: ist ein Biotopverbundsystem machbar? Mertensiella 15: 213-220. Kelleway, L.G. 1982. Competition for mates and food items in Vipera berus (L.). British Journal of Herpetology 6(6): 225-230. Kelleway, L.G.; Brain, P.F. 1982. The utilities of aggression in the viper, Vipera berus berus (L.). Aggressive Behavior 8(2): 141-143. Kemp, E. 1980. Mammals and lower vertebrate section. Harrogate & District Naturalists' Society Report 1979: 44-47. Kerautret, L. 1983. Atlas provisoire des amphibiens et des reptiles du Nord et Pas-de-Calais: bilan enquete 1982. Heron 1983(1): 7-12. Kerautret, L. 1984. Etat d'avancement de l'enquete sur la repartition des amphibiens et reptiles dans le Nord et le Pas de Calais (Bilan 1983). Heron 1984(1): 105-121. Kheruvimov, V.D.; Sokolov, A.S.; Sokolova, L.A. 1977. On sex and age determination in Vipera berus L. Vestnik Zoologii 1977(6): 39-44. Kimakowicz, M.V. 1897. Pelias berus, Linn. und var. prester, Linn. Verh. Siebenb. Ver. 46: 102-103. Kimakowicz, M.V. 1898. Vipera berus, L., und ihre var. prester, L. Erwiederung auf v. Mehely's: Einiges über die Kreuzotter. Verh. Siebenb. Ver. 47: 79-84. King, P.W. 1983. Amphibia and Reptilia in the London area, 1981 and 1982. London Naturalist 62: 112-115. Kirk, B.R. 1994. Changes in the distribution of reptiles in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Naturalist (Doncaster) 119(1010): 95-103. Kirk, H.R.; Wozencroft, J. 2011. Adder and grass snake, Hatfield Moors, August 2008. Thorne & Hatfield Moors Papers 8: 128. Kirkeby, C. 2007. Krybdyr og padder på Læso [Reptiles and amphibians on Læsø]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 50(6): 183-186. Kjærgaard, J. 1981. A method for examination of stomach content in live snakes and some information on feeding habits in common viper (Vipera berus) in Denmark. Natura Jutlandica 19: 45-48. Kjærgaard, J. 1981. The distribution of black viper in Denmark. Flora og Fauna 87(2-3): 27-29. Kjærgaard, J. 1982. [Colour variation in Danish reptiles]. (In Danish). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 25(8): 190-204. Kleiven, E.; Havardstun, J. 2004. Hoggorm klatra opp pa batmotoren. Fauna (Oslo) 57(2): 76-77. Klinge, A.; Winkler, C. 2004. Verbreitung und Bestandssituation der Kreuzotter Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Schlewig-Holstein und im nördlichen Hamburg. Mertensiella 15: 29-35. Klunzinger, C.B. 1906. Über die Kreuzotter. Jahreshefte Ver. Natk. (Stuttgart) 62: 91-99. Knysh, N.P.; Stativa, A.I. 2009. [Kills of the Smooth Snake Coronella austriaca (Reptilia, Colubridae), (and other species of reptiles) on the highways of Sumy Region]. (In Russian). Vestnik Zoologii 43(2): 106. Kobel, H.R. 1967. Morphometrische Karyotypanalyse einiger Schlangenarten. Genetica (Gravenhage) 38: 1-31. Kolosvary, G.V. 1957. Das Leben der Tisza. I. Über die Tierwelt der Tisza und ihrer Inundationsgebiet. Acta biol., Szeged N.S. 3(1-2): 81-108. Koppits, W. 1925. Kreuzotternbiss bei Kühen. Prager Arch. Tiermediz. B. 5: 227-230. Kornyei, T.M. 1982. Observations on Vipera ammodytes and Vipera berus during the pre-sloughing period. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 17(4): 85-95. Korosov, A.V. 1988. [Towards the ecology of the common adder Vipera berus in Karelia]. pp. 15-23, 172. (In Russian). In: Ivanter, E.V. Fauna i ekologiya nazemnykh pozvonochnykh [Fauna and ecology of terrestrial vertebrates]. Karelian Branch of USSR Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk. 177 pp. Korosov, A.V. 2008. [A simple model of basking of Vipera berus L.]. (In Russian). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 8(2): 118-136. Korosov, A.V. 2008. [The dynamics of an island Vipera berus population]. (In Russian). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 87(10): 1235-1249. Korosov, A.V. 2009. [Distribution of the common viper on Kizhi Archipelago islands]. (In Russian). Trudy Karelskogo Nauchnogo Centra Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk 4: 102-108. Korosov, A.V.; Fomichev, S.N. 2008. The structure of trophic relations in the island zoocenosis: the predomination of the common adder. pp. 191-197. In: Ananjeva, N.B.; Danilov, I.G.; Dunayev, E.A.; Ischenko, V.G.; Lada, G.A.; Litvinchuk, S.N.; Orlova, V.F.; Smirina, E.M.; Tuniyev, B.S. & Khalikov, R.G. (eds.). The problems of herpetology. Proceedings of the 3rd meeting of the Nikolsky Herpetological Society, 9-13 October 2006, Putschino. Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. 467 pp. Korotkov, Y.M. 1967. New data on distribution of the Japanese snake and common adder in the Far East. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 46: 956-957. Kosierkiewicz, M. 1991. A locality in which the melanotic variety of the viper Vipera berus morpha prester occurs in abundance. Chronmy Przyrode Ojczysta 47(5): 94-96. Kowalewski, L. 1985. [Amphibians and reptiles in the Swietokrzyski National Park]. (In Polish, English summary). Fragmenta Faunistica (Warsaw) 29(12): 235-274. Kowalewski, L.; Profus, P. 2007. Rozmieszczenie, biometria i ekologia zmii zygzakowatej Vipera berus L. na Gornym Slasku i Wyzynie Czestochowskiej [Distribution, biometrics and ecology of the adder Vipera berus L. in upper Silesia and the Wyzyna Czestochowska upland]. (In Polish, English summary). Chronmy Przyrode Ojczysta 63(3): 58-90. Kramer, E. 1958. Zur Schlangenfauna des Puschlavs. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 65: 279-284. Krasavtzev, B.A. 1932. Die Torfmoos-Viper, eine neue Varietät (Vipera berus sphagnosa, var. nova). Zoologischer Anzeiger 101: 80-81. Krecsák, L. 2001. A keresztes vipera (Vipera berus) elofordulasa Erdelyben [Distribution of the common adder (Vipera berus) in Transylvania]. (In Hungarian, English summary). Collegium Biologicum 3: 25-30. Krecsák, L. 2008. Albinism and leucism among European Viperinae: a review. Russian Journal of Herpetology 15(2): 97-102. Krecsák, L.; Wahlgren, R. 2008. A survey of the Linnaean type material of Coluber berus, Coluber chersea and Coluber prester (Serpentes, Viperidae). Journal of Natural History 42(35-36): 2343-2377. Kreutz, R. 1984. Ungewöhnliches Beutetier von Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Viperidae). Salamandra 20(2-3): 179-180. Kroniger, M. 2006. Herpetologische Beobachtungen in der Bretagne. Die Eidechse 17(1): 11-13. Kruger, E.C.H. 1958. Beobachtungen an einer schwarzen Kreuzotter. Beiträge zur Naturkunde Niedersachsens 11(1): 17-19. Kuhnis, J.B. 1998. Verbreitung und Biologie der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus, Linnaeus, 1758) im Fürstentum Liechtenstein. Berichte der Botanisch-Zoologischen Gesellschaft Liechtenstein-Sargans-Werdenberg 25: 161-175. Kuranova, V.N. 1989. [On melanism in viviparous lizard and common northern viper]. (In Russian). Vestnik Zoologii 1989(2): 59-61. Kuranova, V.N.; Kolbintsev, V.G. 1981. [The biology of Vipera berus in Tomsk region]. pp. 80-81. (In Russian). In: Darevsky, I.S., Ananjeva, N.B., Barkagan, Z.S., Borkin, L.Y., Sokolova, T.M. & Shcherbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp. Kurilenko, V.E. 1987. [Breeding a common adder (Vipera berus L.) (Reptilia, Viperidae) with the help of artificial hibernation]. (In Russian). Problemi Obshchei I Molekularnoi Biologii 6: 61-64. Kurtyak, F.F.; Sinyavska, I.O. 2008. [Morphology of Vipera berus berus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Squamata, Serpentes, Viperidae) of the Transcarpathian region]. (In Ukrainian). Naukovy Visnik Uzhgorodskoho Universitety Seriya Biologiya 24: 196-198. Laar, V. van 1970. De adder, Vipera berus Linne, in Gaasterland. Levende Nat. 73: 120. Lada, G.A. 1981. [Moulting and seasonal feeding activity in Vipera berus in Tambov region]. pp. 82. (In Russian). In: Darevsky, I.S., Ananjeva, N.B., Barkagan, Z.S., Borkin, L.Y., Sokolova, T.M. & Shcherbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp. Lamberts, J.; Rijst, J. van der 1985. Ecology of the common viper Vipera berus berus. Litteratura Serpentium 5(6): 245-251. Langton, T. 1991. Distribution and status of reptiles and amphibians in the London area. London Naturalist 70: 97-123. Langton, T.E.S. 1988. A review of the conservation status of the adder or northern viper Vipera berus in London and East Anglia: southern England. Herpetofauna News 12: 3-4. Langton, T.E.S.; Livingstone, K.; Corbett, K.F.; Herbert, C. 2005. Conservation of the adder or northern viper Vipera berus in the London area. London Naturalist 84: 79-115. Larionov, P.D. 1961. On the conditions of viper hibernation on the northern border of their distribution in the Lena valley. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 40: 289-290. Larionov, P.D. 1977. A contribution to the ecology of Vipera berus in Yakutia. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 56(6): 919-923. Laufer, H. 2004. Auswirkungen der Schaf-und Rinderbeweidung auf die Kreuzotter (Vipera berus) - erste Ergebnisse. Mertensiella 15: 303-309. Lazanyi, I. 2004. A keresztes vipera - Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) - somogyi populacioinak morfologiai vizsgalata 1987-2004 kozott [The common viper / adder (Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)) morphological study of the population in Somogy County between 1987 and 2004. Somogyi Muzeumok Kozlemenyei 16: 385-398. Lehnert, M.; Fritz, K. 1989. Verbreitung und Status der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus) im nördlichen Schwarzwald. Jahreshefte der Gesellschaft für Naturkunde in Württemberg 144: 273-290. Lehnert, M.; Fritz, K. 1993. Die Kreuzotter (Vipera berus L. 1758) im nördlichen Schwarzwald - Ergänzungsbeitrag. Jahreshefte der Gesellschaft Für Naturkunde in Württemberg 148: 135-157. Lehnert, M.; Fritz, K. 1993. Verbreitung und Klimaanspruch der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus berus L.) in Südwestdeutschland. Mertensiella 3: 343-356. Leibl, F.; Voelkl, W. 2009. Verbreitung und Schutz der Kreuzotter im Inneren Bayerischen Wald. Ergebnisse eines Artenschutzprogramms für Vipera berus. Naturschutz und Landschaftsplanung 41(6): 181-187. Leighton, G.R. 1902. The adder-swallowing theory. Field Nat. Quart. 1: 261-269. Leighton, G.R. 1904. Colour variation in Vipera berus (the Common adder) - its extent, its significance and explanation. Proceedings Phys. Soc. Edinb. 15: 130-140. Leighton, G.R. 1904. Morphological variation in Vipera berus. Size and scaling. Proceedings Phys. Soc. Edinb. 16: 1-9. Leptien, R. 2011. [A reptile worth protecting - the European adder]. (In German). Reptilia (D) 16(92): 81-84. Leutscher, A. 1939. Experiences with the adder. Countryside N.S. 11(10): 454-456. Leutscher, A. 1953. Amphibians and reptiles of the British Isles. 6. Harmless grass and smooth snakes and the shy, but venomous adder. Water Life 8: 307-308. Leutscher, A. 1953. The timid viper. Countryside N.S. 16(9): 337-342. Lieb, E.; Oblinger, H. 1981. Zur Verbreitung der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus) in Bayerisch-Schwaben. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Schwaben 85(1-2): 2-13. Lindell, L.E. 1996. Vertebral number in adders, Vipera berus: direct and indirect effects on growth. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 59(1): 69-85. Lindell, L.E. 1997. Annual variation in growth rate and body condition of adders, Vipera berus: effects of food availability and weather. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75(2): 261-270. Lindell, L.E.; Forsman, A. 1996. Density effects and snake predation: prey limitation and reduced growth rate of adders at high density of conspecifics. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74(6): 1000-1007. Lindell, L.E.; Forsman, A.; Merila, J. 1993. Variation in number of ventral scales in snakes: effects on body size, growth rate and survival in the adder, Vipera berus. Journal of Zoology (London) 230(1): 101-115. Linneberg, K. 2006. I denne morf-tid - om en hugorm med en lige længdestribe! [Speaking of morphs - an adder with a straight back stripe!]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 49(3): 94-95. Lipscombe, S.R. 1984. Scaly inmates: some reptiles of Portland, Dorset. Herptile 9(4): 133-134. Lissak, W. 2010. Verbreitung und Bestandssituation der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus) (Linnaeus 1758) auf der Mittleren Schwäbischen Alb. Jahreshefte der Gesellschaft fuer Naturkunde in Wuerttemberg 166: 131-167. Litvinov, N.A.; Ganshchuk, S.V. 2007. [Thermobiology of the common viper (Vipera berus, Reptilia, Serpentes) in the Volga Basin]. (In Russian). Izvestiya Samarskogo Nauchnogo Centra Rossiskaya Akademii Nauk 9(4) (22): 950-957. Litvinov, N.A.; Ganshchuk, S.V. 2009. [Thermobiology of the common viper (Vipera berus, Reptilia, Serpentes) in the Volga Basin]. (In Russian). Izvestiya Samarskogo Nauchnogo Centra Rossiskaya Akademii Nauk 11(1) (27): 89-95. Livingstone, C. 2002. The constructor's experience: the designers response. pp. 91-94. In: Sherwood, B.; Cutler, D.; Burton, J.A. (eds.). Wildlife and roads: the ecological impact. Imperial College Press, London. 299 pp. Lönnberg, E. 1907. En dubbelhofdad huggorm. Fauna och Flora (Uppsala) 2: 125-128. Lons, H. 1908. Der Biss der Kreuzotter. Jahresber. ProvVer. Wiss. (Münster) 36(1907-08): 92-95. Loparev, S.A.; Sytnik, A.I. 2008. The comparative ecology of coexistent populations of Vipera berus and 'Vipera nikolskii' in the forest steppe on Dnieper’s right riverbank of Ukraine. pp. 258-261. In: Ananjeva, N.B.; Danilov, I.G.; Dunayev, E.A.; Ischenko, V.G.; Lada, G.A.; Litvinchuk, S.N.; Orlova, V.F.; Smirina, E.M.; Tuniyev, B.S. & Khalikov, R.G. (eds.). The problems of herpetology. Proceedings of the 3rd meeting of the Nikolsky Herpetological Society, 9-13 October 2006, Putschino. Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. 467 pp. Lotherington, E.B. 1934. A courtship incident in Vipera berus. Naturalist (London) 1934(929): 129-130. Luiselli, L. 1993. High philopatry can produce strong sexual competition in male adders, Vipera berus. Amphibia-Reptilia 14(3): 310-311. Luiselli, L. 1993. The ecological role of color polymorphism in male adders, Vipera berus: testing the hypotheses. Revue d'Ecologie la Terre et la Vie 48(1): 49-56. Luiselli, L. 1995. The mating strategy of the European adder, Vipera berus. Acta Oecologica 16(3): 375-388. Luiselli, L.; Anibaldi, C. 1991. The diet of the adder (Vipera berus) in two alpine environments. Amphibia-Reptilia 12(2): 214-217. Luiselli, L.; Anibaldi, C.; Capula, M. 1995. The diet of juvenile adders, Vipera berus, in an alpine habitat. Amphibia-Reptilia 16(4): 404-407. Luiselli, L.; Capula, M.; Rugiero, L.; Anibaldi, C. 1994. Habitat choice by melanistic and cryptically coloured morphs of the adder, Vipera berus. Bollettino di Zoologia 61(3): 213-216. Macintyre, D.M. 1928. A highland belief about adder's breath. Field (London) 152(3942): 74. Maclean, D. 1927. An adder at sea. Scottish Naturalist 1927: 100. Madsen, T. 1987. Natural and sexual selection in grass snakes, Natrix natrix, and adders, Vipera berus. Thesis, University of Lund, Lund. 108 pp. Madsen, T. 1988. Reproductive success, mortality and sexual size dimorphism in the adder, Vipera berus. Holarctic Ecology 11(1): 77-80. Madsen, T. 1989. Female adder (Vipera berus) in southern Sweden recorded giving birth in spring. Amphibia-Reptilia 10(1): 88-89. Madsen, T. 2011. Cost of multiple matings in female adders (Vipera berus). Evolution 65(6): 1823-1825. Madsen, T.; Olsson, M.; Wittzell, H.; Stille, B.; Gullberg, A.; Shine, R.; Andersson, S.; Tegelstrom, H. 2000. Population size and genetic diversity in Sand Lizards (Lacerta agilis) and adders (Vipera berus). Biological Conservation 94(2): 257-262. Madsen, T.; Shine, R. 1992. Determinants of reproductive success in female adders, Vipera berus. Oecologia (Heidelberg) 92(1): 40-47. Madsen, T.; Shine, R. 1994. Components of lifetime reproductive success in adders, Vipera berus. Journal of Animal Ecology 63(3): 561-568. Madsen, T.; Shine, R.; Loman, J.; Hakansson, T. 1993. Determinants of mating success in male adders, Vipera berus. Animal Behaviour 45(3): 491-499. Madsen, T.; Shine, R.; Olsson, M.; Wittzell, H. 1999. Restoration of an inbred adder population. Nature (London) 402(6757): 34-35. Madsen, T.; Stille, B. 1988. The effect of size dependent mortality on colour morphs in male adders, Vipera berus. Oikos 52(1): 73-78. Madsen, T.; Stille, B.; Shine, R. 1996. Inbreeding depression in an isolated population of adders Vipera berus. Biological Conservation 75(2): 113-118. Madsen, T.; Ujvári, B. 2011. The potential demise of a population of adders (Vipera berus) in Smygehuk, Sweden. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 6(1): 72-74. Madsen, T.; Ujvari, B.; Olsson, M. 2004. Novel genes continue to enhance population growth in adders (Vipera berus). Biological Conservation 120(1): 145-147. Makarova, O.A. 1981. [On the ecology of amphibians and reptiles of Lapland Reserves]. (In Russian). (Abstract). Doklady Moip Zoologiya i Botanika 1979: 12-15. Malenev, A.L.; Bakiev, A.G.; Peskov, A.N. 2000. [Maintenance and exploitation of adder in Togliatti's serpentarium (the results of the experimental work)]. (In Russian, English summary). Izvestiya Samarskogo Nauchnogo Centra Rossiskaya Akademii Nauk 2(2)(4): 334-338. Malenoir, G. 1960. Survey of adders in Epping Forest. British Journal of Herpetology 2: 185. Malenoir, G.; Pickett, J. 1968. A survey of adders in an area of Epping Forest. Essex Nat. 32: 179-185. Malenyov, A.L.; Zaitseva, O.V.; Bakiev, A.G.; Zinenko, A.I. 2010. [Common adder Vipera berus on the border of the Volga and Don River basins: morphological characteristics of snakes and venom properties in the Penza regional population]. (In Russian). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 10(3-4): 115-120. Malina, T.; Babocsay, G.; Krecsák, L.; Erdesz, C. 2013. Further clinical evidence for the existence of neurotoxicity in a population of the European Adder (Vipera berus berus) in eastern Hungary: second authenticated case. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 24(4): 378-383. Malina, T.; Schuller, P.; Krecsák, L. 2011. Misdiagnosed Vipera envenoming from an unknown adder locality in northern Hungary. North-Western Journal of Zoology 7(1): 87-91. Malkmus, R. 1995. Ein für die Kreuzotter (Vipera berus L. 1758) im Spessart atypischer Lebensraum bei Frammersbach (Rept. Serpentes; Bayern: Unterfranken). Nachrichten des Naturwissenschaftlichen Museums der Stadt Aschaffenburg 102: 13-18. Malkmus, R. 1997. Die Verbreitung der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus L.) im Spessart. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Würzburg 37-38: 91-113. Marián, M. 1958. Das Leben der Tisza. IV. Die Tierwelt der Tisza auf Grund neuerer Sammlungen und Beobachtungen. II. Die Herpeto-Fauna. Acta Biol., Szeged N.S. 4(3-4): 227-228. Marián, M. 1963. Einige Daten zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Kreuzotter {Vipera b. berus L.). Vertebrata Hungarica 5: 55-67. Marián, M. 1963. Herpetological studies on the river Tisza. Acta Biol. Acad. Sci. Hung. Suppl. 5: 72. Mariétan, I. 1928. Notes sur quelques vertebres du Valais. Bull. Murith. Sion 45: 23-30. Mariétan, I. 1958. Les reptiles en Valais. Bulletin Murith. 75: 91-102. Masing, A. 1957. Die Wirbeltiere der Endla-Hochmoore. Loodus. Seltsi. Tallinn 50: 141-152. Masius, P. 2014. Schlangenlinien - Eine Geschichte der Kreuzotter. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen. 200 pp. Mathias, H.H.; Ffrench, G.E. 1947. Adder bite. British Medical Journal 4516: 146. Mathiasson, S. 1972. Faunistiskt nytt från Goteborgs Naturhistoriska Museum 1971. Arstryck Goteborgs naturhist. Mus. 1972: 9-11. Mayer, G.T. 1974. Das Vorkommen der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus L.) in Oberösterreich. Naturkundliches Jahrbuch Stadt Linz 1972: 127-137. McGowan, G.M.; Gorzula, S.; Buckland, S.; Jayasinghe, G.; Reading, C.J. 1994. A questionnaire survey of the distribution of the adder (Vipera berus) in Scotland. Aberdeen Letters in Ecology 7: 2-3. McHugh, P.J. 1943. Notes on the viper in captivity. Naturalist (London) 1943(805): 54. McInerny, C.J. 2016. Reptile populations persist following the installation of a hydroelectric scheme at Loch Lomond, Scotland. Herpetological Bulletin 135: 11-14. McPhail, R. 2011. The Private Life of Adders. Merlin Unwin Books, Ludlow. 128 pp. Mebert, K.; Jagar, T.; Rok, G.; Cafuta, V.; Luiselli, L.; Ostanek, E.; Golay, P.; Dubey, S.; Golay, J.; Ursenbacher, S. 2015. The dynamics of coexistence: habitat sharing versus segregation patterns among three sympatric montane vipers. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 116(2): 364-376. Mehely, L.V. von 1893. Die Kreuzotter (Vipera berus, L.) in Ungarn. Zoologischer Anzeiger 16: 186-192. Mehely, L.V. von 1895. Magyarorskag kurta kigyoi (Vipera berus, L., es Vipera ursinii, Bonap.). Math. term. Kozlem. Magyar Ak. 26: 373-478. Mehely, L.V. von 1897. Einiges über die Kreuzotter. Zoologischer Anzeiger 20: 434-438. Melsheimer, M. 1909. Zum Biss der Kreuzotter, Pelias berus (L.). Jahresber. ProvVer. Wiss. (Münster) 37(1908-09): 38-39. Merila, J.; Forsman, A.; Lindell, L.E. 1992. High frequency of ventral scale anomalies in Vipera berus populations. Copeia 1992(4): 1127-1130. Mertens, R. 1954. Waldeidechse und Kreuzotter: zwei eigenartige Stücke. Natur und Volk 84: 332-333. Meyer, A.; Monney, J.C. 2004. Die Kreuzotter, Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758), in der Schweiz. Mertensiella 15: 144-155. Meyer, W. 1948. Allerlei über die nützliche Kreuzotter. Beiträge zur Naturkunde Niedersachsens 2: 26-27. Milto, K.D. 2018. Natural history notes: Vipera berus (Common Adder). Early spring activity. Herpetological Review 49(3): 559-560. Milto, K.D.; Zinenko, O.I. 2005. Distribution and morphological variability of Vipera berus in eastern Europe. Russian Journal of Herpetology 12: 64-73. (Supplement). Mitchell, R.G. 1951. Adder bite in a child. British Medical Journal 4722: 55-56. Mittelholzer, A. 1953. Amphibien und Reptilien. Mitt. Aargau. Naturf. Ges. 1953: 174-185. Mizsei, E.; Jablonski, D.; Roussos, S.A.; Dimaki, M.; Ioannidis, Y.; Nilson, G.; Nagy, Z.T. 2017. Nuclear markers support the mitochondrial phylogeny of Vipera ursinii-renardi complex (Squamata: Viperidae) and species status for the Greek meadow viper. Zootaxa 4227(1): 75-88. Monney, J.C. 1995. Comparaison des cycles annuels d'activite de Vipera aspis et Vipera berus (Ophidia, Viperidae) dans une station des prealpes bernoises (Ouest de la Suisse). Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 71-72 [1994]: 49-61. Monney, J.C. 1995. Note sur la reproduction et la taille des nouveau-nes chez la vipere aspic (Vipera aspis) et la vipere peliade (Vipera berus) dans l'Oberland bernois. Bulletin de la Societe Fribourgeoise des Sciences Naturelles 83(1-2) [1994]: 61-74. Monney, J.C. 1996. Comparaison du regime alimentaire de Vipera aspis et Vipera berus dans l'Oberland bernois. Bulletin de la Societe Fribourgeoise des Sciences Naturelles 84(1-2) [1995]: 105-141. Monney, J.C.; Luiselli, L.; Capula, M. 1995. Correlates of melanism in a population of adders (Vipera berus) from the Swiss Alps and comparisons with other Alpine populations. Amphibia-Reptilia 16(4): 323-330. Monney, J.C.; Luiselli, L.; Capula, M. 1996. Taille et melanisme chez Vipera aspis dans les Prealpes suisses et en Italie centrale et comparison avec differentes populations alpines de Vipera berus. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 103(1): 81-100. Moore, J. 1952. Adders taking to water. British Journal of Herpetology 1(6): 114. Morrison, N. 1928. Birth of adders in captivity. Nature (London) 122(3079): 683-684. Morrison, N. 1932. Hibernation of adders. Nature (London) 129(3256): 473. Mouchet, M. 1950. Sur un specimen de Coluber (Elaphis) quaterradiatus Gmel.; tue a Arbonne en 1943. Y aurait-il identite entre Coluber quaterradiatus et C. aesculapii forma romanus? Ovoviviparite de Coronella austriaca. Sur la frequence des ophidiens dans le Massif de Fontainebleau. Bull. Ass. Nat. Loing 26(10): 107-108. Moyes, N.; Branson, R. 1990. The Derbyshire reptile survey: interim report. Herpetofauna News 2(3): 11-14. Mueller, W.R. 2004. Zur Phänologie der Reptilien im nördlichen Niederrheinischen Tiefland, Nordrhein-Westfalen. Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 11(2): 167-178. Muir, H.H.M. 1980. Reptiles and amphibians. Bedfordshire Naturalist 34: 35. Munch, D. 1991. Ausgerottete Amphibien- und Reptilienarten im Ballungsraum Ruhrgebiet. Dortmunder Beiträge zur Landeskunde 25: 133-138. Muntean, M.E.; Ghira, I.V.; Marosi, B.A. 2009. Comparative study on the chemical perception and prey odor preference in newborns of Coluber and Viper snake species. Herpetologica Romanica 3: 41-45. Muschketat, L.F.; Muschketat, R. 1989. Erfahrungen bei der Aufzucht einer Kreuzotter Vipera berus berus (Linnaeus, 1728). Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 11(63): 6-10. Mutz, T.; Glandt, D. 2004. Künstliche Versteckplätze als Hilfsmittel der Freilandforschung an Reptilien unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Kreuzotter (Vipera berus) und Schlingnatter (Coronella austriaca). Mertensiella 15: 186-196. Naulleau, G. 1964. Premieres observations sur le comportement de chasse et de capture chez les vipères et les couleuvres. La Terre et la Vie (Paris) 3: 54-76. Naulleau, G. 1972. Remarques preliminaires sur le melanisme chez Vipera aspis et Vipera berus. Naturalistes Orlean. (3me Ser.) 5: 5-7. Naulleau, G. 1975. Remarques preliminaires sur la melanisme chez Vipera aspis et Vipera berus. Bulletin Ass. Nat. orlean. Loire Moy. 5 [1972]: 5-8. Naulleau, G. 1979. Un cas de melanisme chez Vipera berus L. dans l'ouest de la France. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France 1(4): 197-198. Naulleau, G. 1981. Determination des periodes de l'ovulation chez Vipera berus dens l'ouest de la France etudiee par radiographie. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France 3(3): 151-153. Naulleau, G. 1986. Effects of temperature on 'gestation' in Vipera aspis and V. berus (Reptilia: Serpentes). pp. 489-493. In: Rocek, Z. (ed.). Studies in herpetology. Proceedings of the European herpetological meeting (3rd ordinary general meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica), Prague 1985. Charles University, Prague. 754 pp. Naulleau, G. 1986. Repartition de Vipera aspis et de Vipera berus (Reptilia, Viperidae) dans l'ouest de la France (Loire-Atlantique). Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 39: 16-19. Naulleau, G. 1987. Repartition de Vipera aspis et Vipera berus dans l'ouest de la France. Bulletin Trimestriel de la Societe d'Etudes Scientifiques de l'Anjou 69: 16. Naulleau, G. 2003. Evolution de l'aire de repartition en France, en particulier au Centre Ouest, chez trois serpents: Extension vers le Nord (la couleuvre verte et jaune, Coluber viridiflavus Lacepede et la vipere Aspic, Vipera aspis Linne) et regression vers le Nord (la vipere Peliade, Vipera berus Linne). Biogeographica (Paris) 79(2): 59-69. Naulleau, G.; Fleury, F. 1988. Cycles annuels de la testosteronemie et de la thyroxinemie chez Vipera berus L. (Reptilia: Viperidae) en relation avec le cycle sexuel et l'hivernage. Amphibia-Reptilia 9(1): 33-42. Neumeyer, R. 1987. Density and seasonal movements of the adder (Vipera berus L. 1758) in a subalpine environment. Amphibia-Reptilia 8(3): 259-276. Niebergall, P. 2000. Bemerkungen zu einer Population der Kreuzotter Vipera berus L., 1758 in der Hainleite hills bei Hachelbich (Kyffhaeuserkreis). Veröffentlichungen des Naturkundemuseums Erfurt 19: 107-112. Nikolic, S.; Simovic, A. 2017. First report on a trichromatic lowland Vipera berus bosniensis population in Serbia. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12(2): 394-401 Nikolsky, A.M. 1927. Coluber (Vipera) sachalinensis (Tzar.) et son histoire. Ann. Mus. Zool. Leningrad 27: 247-260. Nilson, G. 1976. The reproductive cycle of Vipera berus in SW Sweden. Norwegian Journal of Zoology 24(3): 233-234. Nilson, G. 1980. Male reproductive cycle of the European adder, Vipera berus and its relation to annual activity patterns. Copeia 1980(4): 729-737. Nilson, G. 1981. Ovarian cycle and reproductive dynamics in the female adder, Vipera berus (Reptilia: Viperidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 2(1): 63-82. Nilson, G.; Andrén, C. 1982. Function of renal sex secretion and male hierarchy in the adder, Vipera berus, during reproduction. Hormones and Behavior 16(4): 404-413. Nilson, G.; Andren, C.; Szyndlar, Z. 1994. The systematic position of the common adder, Vipera berus (L.) (Reptilia, Viperidae), in North Korea and adjacent regions. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 45(1): 49-56. Nilson, G.; Andrén, C.; Völkl, W. 2005. Vipera berus - Kreuzotter. pp. 213-292. In: Joger, U. & Stümpel, N. (eds.). Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Schlangen III. Viperidae. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 420 pp. Nöllert, A. 2004. Verbreitung, Lebensraum und Bestandssituation der Kreuzotter Vipera berus berus (Linnaeus, 1758) im Freistaat Thüringen. Mertensiella 15: 52-89. Ognev, A.V.; Laptikov, Y.M. 1989. [The distribution and several ecological characteristics of the common northern viper Vipera berus in the Moscow region]. pp. 37-39. (In Russian). In: Orlova, V.F. (ed.). Zemnovodnye i presmykayushchiesya Moskovskoi oblasti: (materialy soveshchaniya po gerpetofaune Moskvy i Moskovskoi oblasti, 9-10 noyabrya 1987g., Moskva) [The amphibians and reptiles of the Moscow region: a conference on the herpetofauna of Moscow and the Moscow Region, 9-10 November 1987, Moscow]. Nauka, Moskva. 179 pp. Ognev, A.V.; Laptikov, Y.M. 1989. [The distribution and several ecological characteristics of the common northern viper Vipera berus in the Moscow region]. pp. 37-39. (In Russian). In: Orlova, V.F. (ed.). Zemnovodnye i presmykayushchiesya Moskovskoi oblasti: (materialy soveshchaniya po gerpetofaune Moskvy i Moskovskoi oblasti, 9-10 noyabrya 1987g., Moskva) [The amphibians and reptiles of the Moscow region: a conference on the herpetofauna of Moscow and the Moscow Region, 9-10 November 1987, Moscow]. Nauka, Moskva. 179 pp. Oliver, T. 1922. Adder bite. British Medical Journal 1922: 1114-1115. Olsson, M.; Madsen, T. 2001. Promiscuity in Sand Lizards (Lacerta agilis) and adder snakes (Vipera berus): Causes and consequences. Journal of Heredity 92(2): 190-197. Olsson, M.; Madsen, T.; Shine, R. 1997. Is sperm really so cheap? Costs of reproduction in male adders, Vipera berus. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 264(1380): 455-459. Olsson, V. 1991. [Vipers are predators of small birds]. Var Fagelvarld 50(3-4): 30-31. Orlov, N.L.; Ananjeva, N.B. 1995. Distribution of amphibians and reptiles and their relict populations in the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga. Memoranda Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 71(3-4): 109-112. Orth, K. 1992. Haltung und Nachzucht der Kreuzotter Vipera b. berus (Linnaeus, 1758). Salamandra 28(2): 112-115. Orth, K. 1998. 16 Jahre Haltung und Nachzucht bis zur F4-Generation von Kreuzottern (Vipera berus berus). Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 20(113): 29-34. Orth, K. 2002. Aufzucht und Achtzehnjährige Pflege einer Kreuzotter (Vipera berus berus). Reptilia (D) 7(33): 32-33. Ortlieb, F.; Dunst, A.; Mundt, F.; Blindow, I.; Fischer, K. 2012. [Human bite injuries by adder (Vipera berus) on the island of Hiddensee (NE Germany) during 2003 to 2009]. (In German). Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 19(2): 165-174. Ortlieb, R. 2013. [European Adder (Vipera berus) in the eastern Harz region]. (In German). Artenschutzreport 31: 41-50. Ostbye, E. 1963. Rekordmål för huggorm Vipera berus. Fauna (Oslo) 16: 140. Palmer, K. 2009. Conspicuous tail coLoration in Vipera berus. Herpetological Bulletin 110: 36-37. Palmer, K. 2011. Vegetation structure at basking sites of the adder Vipera berus: implications for site management. Herpetological Bulletin 117: 25-27. Panting, P. 1955. Adder at Sedge Warblers' Nest. Nature in Wales 1(4): 182-183. Panting, P. 1955. Observations of adders in North Pembrokeshire. Nature in Wales 1(4): 172-174. Parent, G.H. 1968. Contribution a la connaisance du peuplement herpetologique de la Belgique. Note I: Quelques donnees sur la repartition et sur l'ecologie de la vipère peliade (Vipera berus berus) en Belgique et dans le NE de la France. Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg. 44(29): 1-34. Parent, G.H. 1969. Quelques indications nouvelles sur la repartition de la vipère peliade, Vipera berus L. en Belgique. Naturalistes Belges 50: 572-576. Parsons, A.G. 1974. Some notes on adders. Lizard 5(1): 3-6. Pavlov, A.V.; Bakiev, A.G. 2012. [Color forms of the adder (Vipera berus, Reptilia, Serpentes) in Volga-Kama region]. (In Russian). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 91(11): 1433-1440. Pavlov, A.V.; Zinenko, O.I.; Joger, U.; Stuempel, N.; Petrova, I.V.; Malenyov, A.L.; Zaitseva, O.V.; Shurshina, I.V.; Bakiev, A.G. 2011. [Natural hybridization of the eastern steppe viper Vipera renardi and the common adder V. berus]. (In Russian). Izvestiya Samarskogo Nauchnogo Centra Rossiskaya Akademii Nauk (Suppl. 43) 13(5): 172-178. Pedroli, J.C. 1975. Prédation d'un nid de braunt jaune Emberiza citrinella par la vipère péliade Vipera berus. Nos Oiseaux 33(2): 77. Petzold, H.G. 1980. Statistisches über die Geburtsgewichte von Kreuzottern (Vipera b. berus). Milu 5(3): 443-448. Phelps, T. 2003. Vipera berus (European adder): hot weather behaviour in Purbeck, Dorset. Herpetological Bulletin 86: 26-27. Phelps, T. 2004. Beyond hypothesis - a long term study of British snakes. British Wildlife 15(5): 319-327. Phelps, T. 2004. Population dynamics and spatial distribution of the adder Vipera berus in southern Dorset, England. Mertensiella 15: 241-258. Phelps, T. 2007. Reproductive strategies and life history traits of the adder, Vipera berus (Serpentes: Viperidae), in southern England and central Wales. Herpetological Bulletin 102: 18-31. Phelps, T. 2008. Changes in the phenology of the adder, Vipera berus, over four decades: a comparison with Prestt (1971). Herpetological Bulletin 103: 32-36. Phelps, T.E. 1977. Variations of the adder Vipera berus in southern England. Herptile 2(2): 13-19. Phelps, T.E. 1978. Seasonal movement of the snakes Coronella austriaca, Vipera berus and Natrix natrix in southern England. British Journal of Herpetology 5(11): 755-761. Phisalix, C. 1902. Relations de parente entro nos deux espèces indigenes de Vipères (Vipera aspis et Vipera berus). Utilite des caracteres physiologiques dans la classification. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 1902: 102-106. Phisalix, M. 1924. Variations observées dans le revetement ecailleux de la tete chez la vipère aspis; comparaison avec la vipère berus et la coulouvre viperine. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 30: 263-268. Pickett, J. 1986. Notes on the reptiles and amphibians of Epping Forest, past, present and future. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 17: 37-45. Pielowski, Z. 1962. Untersuchungen über die Ökologie der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus). Zoologische Jahrbücher (Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere) (Jena) 89: 479-500. Pikulik, M.M.; Kosov, S.V. 1988. [The phenogeography of the background species of herpetofauna in Belarus]. pp. 125-132. (In Russian). In: Yablokov, A.V. (ed.). [Fenetika prirodnykh populyatsii.] [Phenetics of natural populations.] Nauka, Moskva. 209 pp. Podloucky, R. 2004. Verbreitung und Bestandssituation der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus) in Niedersachsen unter Berücksichtigung von Bremen and dem südlichen Hamburg. Mertensiella 15: 36-47. Podloucky, R.; Clausnitzer, H.J.; Laufer, H.; Teufert, S.; Voelkl, W. 2005. Anzeichen für einen bundesweiten Bestandsein bruch der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus) infolge ungünstiger Witterungsabläufe im Herbst and Winter 2002/2003 - Versuch einer Analyse. Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 12(1): 1-18. Police, G. 1909. Di un caso di morte per il morso di una vipera melanica [Vipera berus] nelle province napolotane. Napoli Boll. Soc. nat. 22 [1908]: 110-118. Pomianowska-Pilipiuk, I. 1974. Energy balance and food requirements of adult vipers Vipera berus (L.). Ekologia Pol. 22(1): 195-211. Postel, J.P. 1969. Vipera berus dans la Somme. Revue Fed. fr. Soc. Sci. nat. 8: 26-28. Poulsen, C.M. 1960. Lidt om hugormen (Vipera berus L.) i vintertiden [Something about the viper (Vipera berus L.) in winter]. Flora og Fauna (Copenhagen) 68: 161-163. Prestt, I. 1963. Reptile reports. Common lizards Lacerta vivipera and Vipera berus. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History & Archaeological Society 84: 45-46. Prestt, I. 1971. An ecological study of the viper Vipera berus in southern Britain. Journal of Zoology (London) 164: 373-418. Prokop'ev, L.V.; Pshennikov, A.E.; Belimov, G.T.; Sedalishchev, V.T. 1978. On ecology of Vipera berus inhabiting Jakutia. Vestnik Zoologii 1978(1): 83-84. Prokoph, U.; Teufert, S. 2004. Verbreitung und Bestandssituation der Kreuzotter in Sachsen. Mertensiella 15: 125-130. Psenner, H. 1981. Eineiige Zwillinge bei Vipera berus L. Zoologische Garten 51(2): 150. Puschnig, R. 1951. Unsere Vipern. Carinthia II 61: 124-132. Pynnonen, A. 1957. Über die Reichlichkeit der Fische und Reptilien im Kirchspiel Konnevesi einst und jetzt. Arch. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fenn. Vanamo (Helsinki) 11(2): 171-182. Radford, A.P. 2005. Repeated singing by wren as a reaction to an emerging adder. British Birds 98(5): 264. Radovanovic, M. 1957. Einige Beobachtungen an Amphibien und Reptilien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 159: 130-137. Raevskij, V.V. 1982. [Vertebrates of northern Zaural]. (In Russian). Nauka, Moscow. 143 pp. Ramazanova, A.S.; Starkov, V.G.; Osipov, A.V.; Ziganshin, R.H.; Filkin, S.Y.; Tsetlin, V.I.; Utkin, Y.N. 2009. Cysteine-rich venom proteins from the snakes of Viperinae subfamily - Molecular cloning and phylogenetic relationship. Toxicon 53(1): 162-168. Reading, C.J.; Buckland, S.T.; McGowan, G.M.; Jayasinghe, G.; Gorzula, S.; Balharry, D. 1996. The distribution and status of the adder (Vipera berus L.) in Scotland determined from questionnaire surveys. Journal of Biogeography 23(5): 657-667. Reid, H.A. 1970. Viper bites. British Medical Journal 3: 182. Reid, H.A. 1977. Adder bites in Britain. British Medical Journal 6028 [1976]: 153-156. Reuss, T. 1927. Beschreibung neuer Vipern aus Jugoslawien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 71: 215-223. Rijst, H. van der 1990. Thermoregulation of the adder, Vipera berus berus (L.). Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 10(2): 62-70. Ritchie, J. 1925. Museum Notes. Reptiles. Transactions Perth Soc. Nat. Sci. 8(2): 97. Rivet, F. 1959. Couleuvres et vipères. Bull. Soc. Nat, Oyonnax 12-13: 35-42. Roding, G.M. 1958. Slangen in Twente. Levende Nat. 61: 82-84. Roesler, T.H. 1927. Über das Vorkommen der Kreuzotter Vipera berus in Böhmen. Lotos Prag 75: 121-135. Ruchin, A.B.; Bakiev, A.G.; Ryzhov, M.K. 2007. [The new data about rare species of amphibians and reptiles of Mordovia]. (In Russian). Izvestiya Samarskogo Nauchnogo Centra Rossiskaya Akademii Nauk 9(1)(19): 171-175. Ryabov, S.A. 2004. [To the question on ecology of reptiles of the Tula region]. (In Russian, English summary). Biologicheskoe Raznoobrazie Tulskogo na Rubezhe Vekov 4: 66-68. Saint Girons, H. 1981. Quelques observations sur la dispersion des nouveau-nes chez Vipera berus et Vipera aspis dans le bocage atlantique (Reptilia, Viperidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 2(3): 269-272. Saint Girons, H. 1989. Vipera berus. pp. 166-167. In: Castanet, J. & Guyetant, R. Atlas de repartition des amphibiens et reptiles de France. Societe Herpetologique de France, Paris. 191 pp. Saint Girons, H.; Naulleau, G.; Celerier, M.L. 1985. La metabolisme aerobie de Vipera aspis et de Vipera berus (Reptilia: Viperidae) acclimatees a des conditions naturelles. Influence de la temperature et comparaison des deux especes. Amphibia-Reptilia 6(1): 71-81. Saint-Girons, H. 1975. Coexistence de Vipera aspis et de Vipera berus en Loire-Atlantique: un probleme de competition interspecifique. La Terre et la Vie (Paris) 29(4): 590-613. Saint-Girons, H.; Kramer, E. 1963. Le cycle sexual chez Vipera berus (L.) en montagne. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 70: 191-221. Sajovic, G. 1914. Beiträge zur Reptilienkunde Krains. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 64: 150-175. Scali, S.; Gentilli, A. 1999. Morphometric analysis and sexual dimorphism of extinct adders (Vipera berus) of the Po Plane (Northern Italy). pp. 391-396. In: Miaud, C. & Guyetant, R. (eds.). Current studies in herpetology: proceedings of the 9th Ordinardy General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica 25-29 August 1998, Le Bourget du Lac, France. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Le Bourget du Lac, 478 pp. Scali, S.; Mangiacotti, M.; Sacchi, R.; Gentilli, A. 2011. A tribute to Hubert Saint Girons: niche separation between Vipera aspis and V. berus on the basis of distribution models. Amphibia-Reptilia 32(2): 223-233. Scaravelli, D.; Aloise, G. 1995. Predation on dormice in Italy. Hystrix 6(1-2): 245-255. Schepina, N.A. 2008. Current state of batracho- and herpetofauna of Buryat. pp. 447-452. In: Ananjeva, N.B.; Danilov, I.G.; Dunayev, E.A.; Ischenko, V.G.; Lada, G.A.; Litvinchuk, S.N.; Orlova, V.F.; Smirina, E.M.; Tuniyev, B.S. & Khalikov, R.G. (eds.). The problems of herpetology. Proceedings of the 3rd meeting of the Nikolsky Herpetological Society, 9-13 October 2006, Putschino. Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. 467 pp. Scherzinger, W.; Voelkl, W. 2004. Dynamische Prozesse in der Waldentwicklung als Grundlage für den Erhalt der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus berus (Linnaeus, 1758)) im Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald. Mertensiella 15: 296-301. Schiemenz, H. 1978. Zur Ökologie und Bionomie der Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus (L.)) Ergebnisse mehrjähriger Beobachtungen an unter Freilandbedingungen gehaltenen Tieren (Teil 1: Adulte Mannchen und Weibchen). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 35(12): 203-218. Schiemenz, H. 1983. Zur Ökologie und Bionomie der Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus (L.)). Ergebnisse mehrjähriger Untersuchungen an unter Freilandbedingungen gehaltenen Tieren. (Teil 2. Entwicklung der Jungtiere von der Geburt bis zur Geschlechtsreife sowie Erganzungen zu Teil 1: Adulte Tiere) (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 39(3): 51-60. Schiemenz, H. 1995. Die Kreuzotter (Viper, Adder). (Reprint). VerlagsKG Wolf (formerly Westarp Wissenschaften), Magdeburg. 108 pp. (Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 332, reprint of 1987 original). Schiemenz, H.; Biella, H.J. 1978. Die Unfalle durch Kreuzotterbisse (Vipera b. berus L.) in den Jahren 1955-1975 in Sachsen (Reptilia, Viperidae). Eine Analyse im Hinblick auf territoriale, jahreszeitliche und Altersverteilung, Birsstelle, Erkrankungensverlauf und -dauer. Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 34(16): 229-243. Schluepmann, M.; Geiger, A. 2002. Kreuzottern (Vipera berus) im Süderbergland und angrenzenden Naturräumen? Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 9(2): 143-167. Schmid, A. 2015. [A white Spring and European Adders]. (In German). Reptilia (D) 20(111): 80-84. Schneppat, U.; Schmocker, H. 1983. Die Verbreitung der Reptilien im Kanton Graubünden. Ein Bericht über das Reptilienprojekt Graubünden für den Untersuchungszeitraum 1978-1982. Jahresbericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Graubünden N.F. 100: 47-133. Schrack, M. 2004. Erfahrungen beim Schutz der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in der Radeburger und Laussnitzer Heide (Freistaat Sachsen). Mertensiella 15: 274-286. Schreitmüller, W. 1909. Beobachtungen über den Kampf zwischen Kreuzotter und Igel. Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde (Stuttgart) 20: 772-774, 789-791. Schroots, B. 1987. Further experiences with Vipera berus in captivity. Thames and Chiltern Herpetological Group Newsletter 76: 12-13. Schroots, B. 1987. My experiences with Vipera berus in captivity. Thames and Chiltern Herpetological Group Newsletter 72: 8-10. Schumacher, E. 1948. Kreuzottern im Film. Natur und Volk 78(10-12): 151-166. Schwartze, M. 2012. [The adder (Vipera berus) in the Venner Moor (district of Coesfeld, North Rhine-Westphalia)]. (In German). Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 19(1): 37-52. Schwarz, A. 1997. Möglichkeiten der Ermittlung von Raumnutzung und Populationsdichte bei der Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus L.). Mertensiella 7: 247-260. Schweiger, M. 2011. Zur Situation der Kreuzotter, Vipera berus (LINNAEUS, 1758) im nördlichen Salzburger Flachgau und im angrenzenden Oberösterreich - Vorstellung einer laufenden Untersuchung. OGH-Aktuell 26: 24-27. Sebela, M. 1978. Contribution to the knowledge of the common viper's diet (Vipera berus L.) in the Ceskomoravska Vysocina. Casopis Moravskeho Muzea Vedy Prirodni 63: 213-216. Sebela, M. 1980. The diet of the common viper (Vipera berus) in the area of Mt Kralicky Sneznik. Folia Zoologica 29(2): 117-123. Semenzato, M.; Richard, J.; Amato, S. 1996. Boschi e risorgive planiziari: ambienti importanti per il mantenimento della continuita distributiva del popolamento erpetologico tra l'area montana e quella di pianura del Veneto. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali Acta Biologica 71: 33-40. Service, R. 1902. The adder in Solway. Annals of Scottish Natural History 1902: 153-162. Sheldon, S.; Bradley, C. 1989. Identification of individual adders (Vipera berus) by their head markings. Herpetological Journal 1(9): 392-395. Simecek, J. 1982. Einige Bemerkungen zur Augnalime der Nahrung für Kreuzottern Vipera berus berus (Linnaeus 1758), gezüchtet in der Gefangenschaft. Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 7: 125-128. Simms, C. 1972. Shift in a population of northern vipers. British Journal of Herpetology 4(10): 268-271. Skalon, W.N. 1927. Herpetologische Untersuchungen aus der Kusnezker Steppe. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (Berlin) 92(2): 281-292. Skinner, R.V. 1987. Reptiles. Dorset Natural History & Archaeological Society Proceedings 108: 217-218. Skinner, R.V. 1990. Reptiles. Dorset Natural History & Archaeological Society Proceedings 111: 144-145. Slotta Bachmayr, L.; Lieb, K. 1996. Die Vogelwelt des Ibmer Moores (IBA). Vergleich der historischen und aktuellen Zusammensetzung der Avifauna unter besonderer Berücksichtigung wiesenbrütender Vogelarten und Bemerkung zu Amphibien und Reptilien. Vogelkundliche Nachrichten aus Oberösterreich Naturschutz Aktuell 4(2): 3-43. Smith, M.A. 1951. Unusual size of the slowworm (Anguis fragilis) and the adder (Vipera berus) in the British Isles. British Journal of Herpetology 1(5): 100. Sochurek, E. 1954. Irrtümer um Vipera berus bosniensis Boettger 1889. Carinthia 11 143(2): 103-104. Sochurek, E. 1955. Unsere Vipern. Entom. Nachr. 2(4): 4-6. Sochurek, E. 1957. Die Kreuzotter in Niederösterreich. Natur und Land 43: 111-114. Sokolov, A.S. 1981. [On the problem of translocation in the common adder]. pp. 124-125. (In Russian). In: Darevsky, I.S., Ananjeva, N.B., Barkagan, Z.S., Borkin, L.Y., Sokolova, T.M. & Shcherbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp. Sokolov, A.S. 2005. On the taxonomic status of the common adder of the partially wooded steppe of the Oka-Don Plain. Russian Journal of Herpetology 12: 96-99. (Supplement). Stadler, H. 1955. Die Kreuzotter in Unterfranken. Nachr. naturw. Mus. Aschaffenburg 47: 15-17. Stanley-Jones, D.; Harris, C.E.S. 1942. A case of adder-bite. British Medical Journal 1942(4265): 395. Steel, B.D. 1975. Our scaly friends. Earth 4: 20-21. Steinbacher, G. 1953. Kreuzotter als Beute des Bussards. Orn. Mitt. 5: 5. Stergulc, F.; Lapini, L.; dall'Asta, A. 2001. Osservazioni preliminari sulla morfologia, sull'ornamentazione e sulla posizione sistematica di Vipera berus (Linne, 1758) nella Foresta di Tarvisio. Gortania Atti del Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale 23: 207-222. Steward, J.W. 1961. A case of dicephalism in the adder. British Journal of Herpetology 3: 18. Stille, B.; Madsen, T.; Niklasson, M. 1986. Multiple paternity in the adder, Vipera berus. Oikos 47(2): 173-175. Stille, B.; Niklasson, M.; Madsen, T. 1987. Within season multiple paternity in the adder, Vipera berus: a reply. Oikos 49(2): 232-233. Stjernberg, M. 1978. A viper Vipera berus plundering nest-box with nestlings of Parus major. Memoranda Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 54(2): 58. Stojanov, A.J. 2014. First record of amelanism of Vipera berus bosniensis Boettger, 1889, in Bulgaria. Herpetozoa 26(3-4): 180-182. Storm, H. 1990. [Observations on the adder (Vipera berus) and its bite]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 33(4): 106-114. Striberny, W. 2013. [A juvenile Vipera berus regurgitates an unusually large prey in a stressful situation]. (In German). Zeitschrift fuer Feldherpetologie 20(2): 244-246. Strugariu, A.; Gherghel, I.; Zamfirescu, S.R. 2014. Annual reproduction in female adders (Vipera berus) from a montane environment. Journal of Herpetology 48(4): 552-555. Strugariu, A.; Sos, T.; Sotek, A.; Gherghel, I.; Hegyeli, Z. 2009. New locality records for the adder (Vipera berus) in the Carpathian Corner, Romania. AES Bioflux 1(2): 99-103. Strugariu, A.; Zamfirescu, S.R. 2009. A melanistic adder (Vipera berus) neonate born from a cryptic female: are black vipers born heavier? North-Western Journal of Zoology 5(1): 218-223. Strugariu, A.; Zamfirescu, S.R. 2011. Population characteristics of the adder (Vipera berus berus) in the northern Romanian Carpathians with emphasis on colour polymorphism: is melanism always adaptive in vipers. Animal Biology (Leiden) 61(4): 457-468. Strugariu, A.; Zamfirescu, S.R.; Gherghel, I. 2009. First record of the adder (Vipera berus berus) in Arges County (southern Romania). Biharean Biologist 3(2): 163-166. Strugariu, A.; Zamfirescu, S.R.; Gherghel, I.; Sahlean, T.C. 2011. Unusual early parturition in temperate region viviparous snakes during the atypically hot summer of 2007. Herpetologica Romanica 5: 43-49. Stugren, B.; Ghira, I. 1987. Über Amphibien und Reptilien an der Oberen Waldgrenze im Retezat-Gebirge. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Biologia 32: 52-55. Stumpel, A.H.P.; Werf, D.C. van der 2012. Reptile habitat preference in heathland: implications for heathland management. Herpetological Journal 22(3): 179-182. Suomalainen, P. 1939. Wie lange vermag die Kreuzotter, Vipera berus L., mit dem Luftvorrat ihrer Lunge und des Luftsackes auszukommen? Ann. Soc. zool.-bot. fenn. Vanamo, Helsinki 7(4): 3-9. Sveegard, B. 1986. [The natural history of the viper]. (In Danish). Naturens Verden 1986(7): 250-258. Swan, M.J.S. 1996. Amphibians and reptiles. pp. 98-101. In: Barne, J.H.; Robson, C.F.; Kaznowska, S.S.; Doody, J.P. & Davidson, N.C. (eds.). Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. Region 3. North-east Scotland: Cape Wrath to St. Cyrus. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough. 219 pp. Swan, M.J.S. 1997. Amphibians and reptiles. pp. 95-99. In: Barne, J.H.; Robson, C.F.; Kaznowska, S.S.; Doody, J.P.; Davidson, N.C. & Buck, A.L. (eds.). Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. Region 4. South-east Scotland: Montrose to Eyemouth. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough. 224 pp. Sweeting, T. 2011. Vipera berus (Adder): feeding. Herpetological Bulletin 116: 31. Szczerbak, N.N.; Szczerbak, N.N. 1981. [On distribution and ecology of some reptiles of southern eastern Siberia. pp. 125-128]. (In Russian). In: Borkin, L.Ya. (ed.). Herpetological investigations in Siberia and the Far East. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad. 147 pp. Szekely, P. 1942. Adder bite. British Medical Journal 1942(4272): 608. Szyndlar, Z. 1981. Bites caused by the adder, Vipera berus (L.) in Poland. Przeglad Zoologiczny 25(4): 513-522. Taborski, A. 1960. [Rearing of the common viper (Vipera berus L.) in terrarium]. (In Polish, English summary). Przeglad Zoologiczny 2: 201-205. Tagirova, V.T. 1981. [Rare amphibians and reptiles of Primorye]. pp. 119-121. (In Russian). In: Bromlej, G.F.; Kostenko, V.A.; Yudin, V.G. & Nechaev, V.A. (eds.). [Rare and endangered terrestrial animals of the Far East of the USSR. (Contributions to the conference).]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Vladivostok. 192 pp. Taylor, M.K. 1930. Notes on adder Bite. British Medical Journal 3608: 387-388. Tegelstrom, H.; Höggren, M. 1994. Paternity determination in the adder (Vipera berus) - DNA fingerprinting or random amplified polymorphic DNA? Biochemical Genetics 32(7-8): 249-256. Tercafs, R.R. 1961. Observations sur la natation chez les reptiles. Bulletin Soc. Zool. Anvers. 20: 3-19. Terhivo, J. 1990. Relative regional abundance and colour morphs of the adder (Vipera berus L.), grass snake (Natrix natrix L.), slow worm (Angus fragilis L.) and common toad (Bufo bufo L.) in Finland. Annales Zoologici Fennici 27(1): 11-20. Teufert, S. 2004. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen eines Schutzprojektes für die Kreuzotter (Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)) im Fichtelberggebiet (Erzgebirge). Mertensiella 15: 287-295. Thiesmeier, B.; Voelkl, W. 2002. Zur Verbreitung und Ökologie schwarzer Kreuzottern - ein Überblick. Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 9(2): 127-142. Thoen, C.; Bauwens, D.; Verheyen, R.F. 1986. Chemoreceptive and behavioural responses of the common lizard Lacerta vivipara to snake chemical deposits. Animal Behaviour 34(6): 1805-1813. Thomalla, R. 1906. Über Kreuzotterbisse, ihr Vorkommen in der Provinz Schlesien sowie ihre Behandlung und Vermeidung. Zeitschrift MedBeamte, Berlin 19: 709-717. Thomas, B. 2004. Die Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus (L.)) im Toten Moor in der Region Hannover. Mertensiella 15: 175-185. Thomas, E. 1955. Der Kommentkampf der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus L.). Naturwissenschaften 42(19): 539. Toth, T.; Krecsák, L.; Gal, J. 2010. Collecting and killing of the common adder (Vipera berus) in Hungary between 1950-1970. North-Western Journal of Zoology 6(1): 79-85. Twissell, C.F. 1981. Herpetological report, 1980. GNS (Gloucestershire Naturalists' Society) Journal 32(5): 79. Tzarewsky, S.T.; Tzarewsky, S.F. 1916. Formes nouvelles du genre Vipera, trouvees dans l'Empire Russe. Ann. Mus. Zool. Petrograd 21: 34-39. Ujvari, B.; Lazanyi, I.; Farkas, B.; Korsos, Z. 2001. An isolated adder (Vipera berus) population in Hungary. pp. 127-135. In: Valakos, E.; Lymberakis, P.; Pafilis, P. & Mylonas, M. (eds.). Herpetologia candiana. Natural History Museum of Crete, Irakleio. 151 pp. Ursenbacher, S.; Carlsson, M.; Helfer, V.; Tegelstrom, H.; Fumagalli, L. 2006. Phylogeography and Pleistocene refugia of the adder (Vipera berus) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Molecular Ecology 15(11): 3425-3437. Ursenbacher, S.; Erny, C.; Fumagalli, L. 2009. Male reproductive success and multiple paternity in wild, low-density populations of the adder (Vipera berus). Journal of Heredity 100(3): 365-370. Ursenbacher, S.; Guillon, M.; Cubizolle, H.; Dupoue, A.; Blouin-Demers, G.; Lourdais, O. 2015. Postglacial recolonization in a cold climate specialist in western Europe: patterns of genetic diversity in the Adder (Vipera berus) support the central-marginal hypothesis. Molecular Ecology 24(14): 3639-3651. Ursenbacher, S.; Monney, J.C. 2003. Resultats de 5 annees de suivi d'une population de Vipere peliade (Vipera berus) dans le Jura Suisse: estimation des effectifs et discussion des methodes d'estimation. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 107: 15-25. Ursenbacher, S.; Monney, J.C.; Fumagalli, L. 2009. Limited genetic diversity and high differentiation among the remnant adder (Vipera berus) populations in the Swiss and French Jura Mountains. Conservation Genetics 10(2): 303-315. Ursenbacher, S.; Sasu, I.; Rossi, M.; Monney, J.C. 2005. Are there morphological differences between two genetically differentiated clades in the adder Vipera berus berus? Russian Journal of Herpetology 12: 102-104. (Supplement). Ushakov, V.A.; Pestov, M.V. 1983. [On the biology of the common adder in Gorky region]. pp. 76-82. (In Russian). In: Sokolov, V.E. & Volskis, R.S. (eds.). [The species and its productivity within its distribution range]. Nauka, Moscow. 188 pp. Vainio, I. 1932. Zur Verbreitung and Biologie der Kreuzotter, Vipera berus (L.) in Finnland. Ann. Soc. zool.-bot. Fenn. Vanamo 12: 1-19. Valkonen, J.K.; Mappes, J. 2014. Resembling a viper: implications of mimicry for conservation of the endangered Smooth Snake. Conservation Biology 28(6): 1568-1574. Vancea, S.; Banyai, I. 1956. Vipera berus bosniensis Boettger, une vipère nouvelle pour la fauna de la Republique Populaire Roumaine. Stud. Cercet. St. Acad. Române. Fil. Iasi. Biol. St. Agric. 7: 61-65. Vancea, S.; Fuhn, J.E.; Borcea, M. 1982. L'etude morphologique des populations de Vipera b. berus du Plateau Central Moldave, des Carpathes Orientales et de Transylvanie. Vertebrata Hungarica 21: 245-250. Vanderstighelen, D. 1987. Responses of the common lizard (Lacerta vivipara) to visual and chemical stimuli of the viper (Vipera berus). pp. 425-428. In: van Gelder, J.J.; Strijbosch, H. & Bergers, P.J.M. (eds.). Proceedings of the 4th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Faculty of Sciences, Nijmegen. 473 pp. Velikov, V.A.; Yefimov, R.V.; Zavialov, E.V.; Kuznetsov, P.E.; Tabachisin, V.G.; Shlyakhtin, G.V.; Kaybeleva, E.I. 2006. [Genetic divergence of some Vipera species (Reptilia: Viperidae, Vipera) from gene sequention of NADN-dehydrogenase and 12S ribosomal RNA]. (In Russian, English summary). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 5-6: 41-49. Vesey-Fitzgerald, B. 1945. Some notes on vipers. Pap. & Pr. Hampshire F.C. & A. Soc. 16: 197-206. Viitanen, P. 1967. Hibernation and seasonal movements of the viper, Vipera berus berus (L.), in southern Finland. Annales Zoologici Fennici 4: 472-546. Voelkl, W.; Clausnitzer, H.J.; Geiger, A.; Joger, U.; Podloucky, R.; Teufert, S. 2004. Kreutzotterschutz, Jagd und Forstwirtschaft. Mertensiella 15: 262-273. Voelkl, W.; Hansbauer, G.; Grosch, M. 2011. [The species action plan [Adder populations (Vipera berus) in the Fichtelgebirge mountains: concepts, realisation and first results]. (In German). Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 18(2): 137-148. Voelkl, W.; Hansbauer, G.; Liegl, A. 2007. Lichte Waldlebensräume und Reptilienschutz: Das "Artenhilfsprogramm Kreuzotter" in Bayern. Naturschutzreport 24: 123-132. Voelkl, W.; Kornacker, P.M. 2004. Die traditionelle Nutzung von Schlüsselhabitaten bei der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus berus (Linnaeus, 1758)): Konsequenzen aus verhaltensökologischen Untersuchungen für Schutzkonzeptionen. Mertensiella 15: 221-228. Volkl, W. 1986. Untersuchungen zum Bestand der Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus L.) im Fichtelgebirge. Schriftenreihe Bayerisches Landesamt für Umweltschutz 73: 125-133. Volkl, W. 1989. Prey density and growth: factors limiting the hibernation success in neonate adders (Vipera berus L.) (Reptilia: Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 222(1-2): 75-82. Volkl, W. 1992. Verbreitungsmuster und Bestandssituation der Kreuzotter Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Nordbayern. Salamandra 28(1): 25-33. Volkl, W.; Biella, H.J. 1988. Traditional using of mating and breeding places by the adder (Vipera berus (L.)) (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 44(1): 19-23. Volkl, W.; Biella, H.J. 1993. Ökologische Grundlagen einer Schutzkonzeption für die Kreuzotter Vipera berus (Linnaeus 1758) in Mittelgebirgen. Mertensiella 3: 357-368. Völkl, W.; Thiesmeier, B. 2002. Die Kreuzotter: Ein Leben in Festen Bahnen? Laurenti Verlag, Bielefeld. 159 pp. Volsøe, H. 1947. Hugormen i Danmark [The adder in Denmark]. (In Danish). Dyr I Natur Mus. Kobenhavn 1943-44: 23-39. Voort, M. van der 1990. Medieval herpetology. 10. (from L to N). Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 10(6): 238-243. Vozenilek, P. 1973. Herpetologické poznámky z Vihorlatu. (In Slovak). Ochrana Fauny 5(1): 18-19. Vozenilek, P. 1990. Mathematical characteristics of the common adders population on the locality Cepec according to the data of long term observation (Serpentes, Viperidae). Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 16: 77-81. Vozenilek, P. 1990. Several notes to the subspecies Vipera berus bosniensis Boettiger 1889 (Serpentes, Viperidae). Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 16: 82-95. Vozenilek, P. 1992. Several notes to the subspecies Vipera berus bosniensis Boettger, 1889: geographical distribution (Serpentes: Viperidae). Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 17: 79-83. Vozenilek, P. 1992. Thermal aspects of common adder according to the observation in natural and semi natural conditions (Serpentes: Viperidae, Vipera berus). Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 17: 77-78. Vozenilek, P. 1993. Several notes to the subspecies Vipera berus bosniensis Boettger, 1889: observation in nature and in captivity (Serpentes: Viperidae). Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 18: 93-96. Vozenilek, P.; Zeman, Z. 1990. The movement of marked common adders, Vipera berus, on the long-term observed locality. (Serpentes, Viperidae). Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 16: 51-76. Vozniychuk, O.P.; Kuranova, V.N. 2008. [Amphibians and reptiles of Katun Nature Reserve and adjacent territories (the central Altai)]. (In Russian). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 8(2): 101-117. Wagner, H. 1948. Die Kreuzotter. Meyer, Braunschweig. 63 pp. Walker, B. 1989. The amphibians and reptiles of Hamsterley Forest. Vasculum 74(3): 17-18. Walker, C.W. 1945. Notes on adder-bite (England and Wales). British Medical Journal 1945(4400): 13-14. Walker, C.W. 1945. The adder and its bite. Transactions Woolhope Nat. Field Cl. 1942-1944 [1945]: 86-88. Walter, G.; Wolters, D. 1997. Zur Effizienz der Erfassung von Reptilien mit Hilfe von Blechen in Norddeutschland. Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 4(1-2): 187-195. Wareham, D. 1998. Notes on the nocturnal activities of the northern viper Vipera berus in southern England. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 63: 27-31. Weinmann, K.; Beck, C.; Madl, R.; Penner, J.; Sound, P.; Wollesen, R.; Joger, U. 2004. Zur Ökologie und Raum-Zeit-Einbindung einer Kreuzotterpopulation (Vipera berus (L.)) im hessischen Spessart. Mertensiella 15: 197-212. Wenger, R.; Hofer, U. 2003. Erstnachweis der Kreuzotter Vipera berus im Kanton Wallis. Bulletin de La Murithienne 121: 67-72. Werner, F. 1930. Über Vipera (Mesocoronis) bosniensis Wern. u. T. Reuss. Zool. Anz. Leipzig 88: 89-92. Werner, R.M. 1939. Sudetenkreuzotter (Pelias sudetica Reuss). Ihre Nomenklatur, Verbreitung in Sachsen, Haltung und Pflege, Fressakte & Bisswirkung. Aquarium (Berlin) 13: 97-101. Westermann, A. 1997. Ergebnisse fünfjähriger Beobachtungen an einem Frühjahrsquartier der Kreuzotter Vipera berus im Harz. Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Museum Heineanum 3 [1996]: 81-92. Westermann, A. 2004. Verbreitung und Bestandssituation der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in Sachsen-Anhalt. Mertensiella 15: 48-51. White, L.H. 1927. The record British adder. Field (London) 149(3888): 1121. Whiteley, D. 1999. Early records of adders in the Peak District. Sorby Record 35: 27. Whitely, D. 2003. Early records of adders in the Peak District. Sorby Record 39: 67. Whiting, C.; Booth, H.J. 2012. Adder Vipera berus hibernacula construction as part of a mitigation scheme, Norfolk, England. Conservation Evidence 9: 9-16. Wichand, B. 1908. Zur Verbreitung von Vipera berus (L.) in der Umgebung von Leipzig. Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde (Stuttgart) 19: 30-32, 40-43. Wiedemann, E. 1932. Zur Biologie der Nahrungsaufnahme der Kreuzotter Vipera berus L. Zoologischer Anzeiger 97: 278-286. Wijngaarden, A. van 1959. Over de verspreiding en de oecologie van de adder in Nederland. Levende Nat. 62: 254-261. Wild, C.; Entwistle, C. 1997. Habitat management and conservation of the adder in Britain. British Wildlife 8(5): 287-295. Wirth, M. 2009. Die schwarzen Kreuzottern des Nordschwartzalds. Reptilia (D) 14(76): 34-38, 40. Wirth, M. 2010. Kreuzotter frisst Sumpfschildkröte. Marginata 27: 56-57. Wisniewski, P.J. 1984. Distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Glamorgan, south Wales. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 9: 29-34. Wojdan, D. 1994. [The occurrence of reptiles (Reptilia) in the Swietokrzyskie Mountains]. (In Polish, English summary). Przeglad Zoologiczny 38(1-2): 97-104. Wolf, F. 1912. Legt die Kreuzotter Eier? D. Jäger, München. 34: 649, 708, 748. Wollesen, R. 1998. Zur Ökologie der Kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus L.) an einem anthropogen beeinflussten Sekundärstandort. Diplomarbeit, Institut für Haustierkunde in der Fakultät Mathematik-Naturwissenschaften der Christian-Albrecht-Universität zu Kiel. 111 pp. Wollesen, R. 2000. Zur Ökologie der Kreuzotter (Vipera berus berus L.) an einem anthropogen beeinflussten Sekundärstandort. Faunistisch Oekologische Mitteilungen 8(1-2): 9-59. Wollesen, R.; Schwartze, M. 2004. Vergleichende Betrachtungen zweier linearer Kreuzotter-Habitate (Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in der norddeutschen Tiefebene. Mertensiella 15: 164-174. Wright, D. 1977. The British grass snake (Natrix natrix helvetica) in captivity, plus a few notes on the adder. Herptile 2(2): 9-13. Wright, D. 1982. The maintenance of Vipera berus in captivity. Herptile 7(3): 2-4. Wright, D. 1987. European species of the genus Vipera (V. ammodytes, V. aspis, V. berus). pp. 66. In: Welch, K.R. Handbook on the maintenance of reptiles in captivity. Krieger, Florida. 156 pp. Wüster, W. 1998. The coolest snake: Vipera berus, the common adder. Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 55: 18-22, 24-25. Wüster, W.; Allum, C.S.E.; Bjargardottir, I.B.; Bailey, K.L.; Dawson, K.J.; Guenioui, J.; Lewis, J.; McGurk, J.; Moore, A.G.; Niskanen, M.; Pollard, C.P. 2004. Do aposematism and Batesian mimicry require bright colours? A test, using European viper markings. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 271(1556): 2495-2499. Yefimov, R.V.; Zavialov, E.V.; Tabachishin, V.G. 2008. [Aspects of ecological segregation and technology of specific identification of viper snakes (Reptilia: Viperidae, Vipera) in Volga region by genotyping]. (In Russian). Povolzhskii Ekologicheskii Zhurnal 2: 147-153. Yumashev, I.Y. 1999. Herpetofauna of the Pur region of the Yamalo-Nenetskiy Autonomous Area. Russian Journal of Herpetology 6(1): 61-62. Zapf, J. 1966. Unsere beiden Giftschlangen, ein Vergleich. Carinthia II 76: 87-90. Zapf, J. 1969. Vipera berus x Vipera ammodytes. Carinthia II 79: 170-171. Zavialov, E.V.; Yefimov, R.V.; Tabachishin, V.G.; Pomazenko, O.A. 2009. [Genetic characteristics of Vipera renardi (Reptilia: Viperidae) populations in the lower-Volga region and adjacent territories from sequenation of mitochondrial genes of cytochrome b and c, NADN-dehydrogenase and 12s ribosomic RNA. (In Russian). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 9(1-2): 12-17. Zielinska, I.; Zielinski, L.; Zielinski, S. 1998. Trzy odmiany barwne zmii zygzakowatej Vipera berus w Lasach Mirachowskich na Pojezierzu Kaszubskim. [Three colour varieties of adder Vipera berus in the Mirachowskie Forests in the Kaszubian Lake District]. (In Polish, English summary). Przeglad Przyrodniczy 9(3): 117-118. Zimmermann, R. 1908. Die Gefährlichkeit der Kreuzotter. Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde (Stuttgart) 19: 90-91. Zinenko, O.I. 2003. [First generation hybrids between the Nikolsky's adder, Vipera nikolskii, and the common adder, Vipera berus (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae)]. (In Russian, English summary). Vestnik Zoologii 37(1): 101-104, 107. Zinenko, O.I. 2004. New data about hybridization between Vipera nikolskii Vedmederya, Grubant & Rudaeva, 1986 and Vipera berus berus (Linnaeus, 1758) and their contact zones in Ukraine. Mertensiella 15: 17-28. Zuffi, M. 1992. Il marasso, Vipera verus (L., 1758) in Trentino-Alto Adige: materiali per un approccio faunistico. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali Acta Biologica 67 [1990]: 255-262. Zuffi, M. 1992. Notes on cloacal temperatures of the adder, Vipera berus, in a glacial valley in north-eastern Italy. Amphibia-Reptilia 13(4): 407-409. Zwinenberg, A.J. 1972. The European adder Vipera berus. Herp 8(3-4): 27-31. Zylka, A. 1975. [The adder]. (In Polish). Wszechswiat 1975(7-8): 191-194. Vipera darevskii Agasyan, L.A.; Agasyan, A.L. 2008. New data on the distribution and conservation of Darevsky’s Viper, (Vipera darevskii Vedmederja, Orlov et Tuniyev, 1986). pp. 7-10. In: Ananjeva, N.B.; Danilov, I.G.; Dunayev, E.A.; Ischenko, V.G.; Lada, G.A.; Litvinchuk, S.N.; Orlova, V.F.; Smirina, E.M.; Tuniyev, B.S. & Khalikov, R.G. (eds.). The problems of herpetology. Proceedings of the 3rd meeting of the Nikolsky Herpetological Society, 9-13 October 2006, Putschino. Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. 467 pp. Avci, A.; Ilgaz, C.; Baskaya, S.; Baran, I.; Kumlutas, Y. 2010. Contribution to the distribution and morphology of Pelias darevskii (Vedmederja, Orlov et Tuniyev 1986) (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) in northeastern Anatolia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 17(1): 1-7. Geniez, P.; Teynie, A. 2005. Discovery of a population of the critically endangered Vipera darevskii Vedmederja, Orlov & Tuniyev, 1986 in Turkey, with new elements on its identification. (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Herpetozoa 18(1-2): 25-33. Orlov, N.L.; Tuniyev, B.S. 1986. The recent areas, their possible genesis and the phylogeny of three viper species of Eurosiberian group of the Vipera kaznakowi complex in the Caucasus. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 157: 107-135. Orlov, N.L.; Tuniyev, B.S. 1990. Three species in the Vipera kaznakowi complex (Eurosiberian group) in the Caucasus: their present distribution, possible genesis, and phylogeny. Asiatic Herpetological Research 3: 1-36. Tuniyev, B.S. 2016. Rare species of Shield-head Vipers in the Caucasus. Nature Conservation Research 1(3): 11–25. Tuniyev, B.S; Avci, A.; Ilgaz, C.; Olgun, K.; Petrova, T.V.; Bodrov, S.Y.; Geniez, P.; Teynié, A. 2018. On taxonomic status of Shield-head Vipers from Turkish Lesser Caucasus and East Anatolia. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 322(1): 3–44. Tuniyev, S.B.; Iremashvili, G.; Heras, B. de las; Tuniyev, B. 2014. About type locality and finds of Darevsky’s Viper [Pelias darevskii (Vedmederja, Orlov et Tuniyev, 1986), Reptilia: Viperinae] in Georgia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 21(4): 281-290. Vedmerja, V.J.; Orlov, N.L.; Tuniyev, B.S. 1986. On taxonomy of three viper species of the Vipera kaznakowi complex. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 157: 55-61. Vipera dinniki Orlov, N.L.; Tuniyev, B.S. 1986. The recent areas, their possible genesis and the phylogeny of three viper species of Eurosiberian group of the Vipera kaznakowi complex in the Caucasus. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 157: 107-135. Orlov, N.L.; Tuniyev, B.S. 1990. Three species in the Vipera kaznakowi complex (Eurosiberian group) in the Caucasus: their present distribution, possible genesis, and phylogeny. Asiatic Herpetological Research 3: 1-36. Orlov, N.L.; Tuniyev, B.S. 2005. Vipera dinniki - Dinniks Kaukasusotter. pp. 311-323. In: Joger, U. & Stümpel, N. (eds.). Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Schlangen III. Viperidae. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 420 pp. Schneeweiss, N. 1994. Nachweis der Dinnik's-Kaukasusotter (Vipera dinniki Nikolskij, 1913) im Ostkaukasus. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 16(89): 6-7. Tuniyev, B.S. 2008. High mountain snake’s reproduction strategy in the Caucasus. pp. 401-407. In: Ananjeva, N.B.; Danilov, I.G.; Dunayev, E.A.; Ischenko, V.G.; Lada, G.A.; Litvinchuk, S.N.; Orlova, V.F.; Smirina, E.M.; Tuniyev, B.S. & Khalikov, R.G. (eds.). The problems of herpetology. Proceedings of the 3rd meeting of the Nikolsky Herpetological Society, 9-13 October 2006, Putschino. Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. 467 pp. Tuniyev, B.S. 2016. Rare species of Shield-head Vipers in the Caucasus. Nature Conservation Research 1(3): 11–25. Tuniyev, B.S.; Volcik, S. 1995. On placing and thermobiology of polymorphic population of Vipera dinniki (Nikolsky, 1913) (Serpentes, Viperidae) at uppermost Msymta-river valley. pp. 244-249. In: Llorente, G.A.; Montori, A.; Santos, X. & Carretero, M.A. (eds.). Scientia Herpetologica: papers submitted from the 7th Ordinary General Meeting of Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Barcelona, September 15-19, 1993. Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, Barcelona. 385 pp. Tzarewsky, S.T.; Tzarewsky, S.F. 1916. Formes nouvelles du genre Vipera, trouvees dans l'Empire Russe. Ann. Mus. Zool. Petrograd 21: 34-39. Vedmerja, V.J.; Orlov, N.L.; Tuniyev, B.S. 1986. On taxonomy of three viper species of the Vipera kaznakowi complex. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 157: 55-61. Vipera ebneri Dely, O.G.; Stohl, G. 1989. Ergänzende Angaben zur Diagnose der Unterart Vipera ursinii ebneri Knoepffler et Sochurek, 1955 (Serpentes, Viperidae). Vertebrata Hungarica 23: 21-27. Hutwalker, A. 2017. Herpetologische Eindrücke einer Wanderreise im zentralen Elbursgebirge, Nordiran. Sauria (Berlin) 39(3): 25-30. Nilson, G.; Andrén, C. 2001. The meadow and steppe vipers of Europe and Asia: the Vipera (Acridophaga) ursinii complex. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 47(2-3): 87-267. Rajabizadeh, M.; Nilson, G.; Kami, H.G.; Naderi, A.R. 2011. Distribution of the subgenus Acridophaga Reuss, 1927 (Serpentes: Viperidae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 7(1): 83-87. Zinenko, O.; Stümpel, N.; Mazanaeva, L.; Bakiev, A.; Shiryaev, K.; Pavlov, A.; Kotenko, T.; Kukushkin, O.; Chikin, Y.; Duisebayeva, T.; Nilson, G.; Orlov, N.L.; Sako, T.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Murphy, R.W.; Joger, U. 2015. Mitochondrial phylogeny shows multiple independent ecological transitions and northern dispersion despite of Pleistocene glaciations in meadow and steppe vipers (Vipera ursinii and Vipera renardi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 85-100. Vipera eriwanensis Arikan, H.; Göcmen, B.; Mermer, A.; Bahar, H. 2005. An electrophoretic comparison of the venoms of a colubrid and various viperid snakes from Turkey and Cyprus, with some taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. Zootaxa 1038: 1-10. Baran, I.; Tok, C.V.; Olgun, K.; Iret, F.; Avci, A. 2005. On viperid (Serpentes: Sauria) specimens collected from Northeastern Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Zoology 29(3): 225-228. Gvozdik, V.; Jandzik, D.; Cordos, B.; Rehak, I.; Kotlik, P. 2012. A mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of the endangered vipers of the Vipera ursinii complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62(3): 1019-1024. Krecsák, L. 2007. Re-description of the holotype of Vipera eriwanensis (Reuss, 1933) (Serpentes: Viperidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 114(3): 655-662. Kukushkin, O.V.; Iskenderov, T.; Axmedov, S.; Bunyatova, S.N.; Zinenko, O.I. 2012. Additions to the distribution of Vipera eriwanensis (Serpentes: Viperidae) in Transcaucasia, with comments on the identity of vipers in northeastern Azerbaijan. Herpetology Notes 5: 423-427. Kutrup, B.; Bülbül, U.; Yilmaz, N. 2005. On the distribution and morphology of the steppe viper, Vipera eriwanensis (Reuss, 1933), from Gavur Mountain (Gümüshane). Turkish Journal of Zoology 29: 321-325. Rajabizadeh, M.; Nilson, G.; Kami, H.G.; Naderi, A.R. 2011. Distribution of the subgenus Acridophaga Reuss, 1927 (Serpentes: Viperidae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 7(1): 83-87. Reuss, F.A.T. 1935. Fortsetzung und Schluss der Originalberichte. Nach. Bl. Aq. Terr. Berlin 1933: 372-373. Tuniyev, B.S. 2016. Rare species of Shield-head Vipers in the Caucasus. Nature Conservation Research 1(3): 11–25. Zinenko, O.; Stümpel, N.; Mazanaeva, L.; Bakiev, A.; Shiryaev, K.; Pavlov, A.; Kotenko, T.; Kukushkin, O.; Chikin, Y.; Duisebayeva, T.; Nilson, G.; Orlov, N.L.; Sako, T.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Murphy, R.W.; Joger, U. 2015. Mitochondrial phylogeny shows multiple independent ecological transitions and northern dispersion despite of Pleistocene glaciations in meadow and steppe vipers (Vipera ursinii and Vipera renardi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 85-100. Vipera graeca Korsos, Z.; Barina, Z.; Pifko, D. 2008. First record of Vipera ursinii graeca in Albania (Reptilia: Serpentes, Viperidae). Acta Herpetologica 3(2): 167-173. Mizsei, E.; Balint, U. 2012. Novel defensive behaviours of both sexes of Vipera ursinii graeca (Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetology Notes 5: 481-483. Mizsei, E.; Jablonski, D.; Roussos, S.A.; Dimaki, M.; Ioannidis, Y.; Nilson, G.; Nagy, Z.T. 2017. Nuclear markers support the mitochondrial phylogeny of Vipera ursinii-renardi complex (Squamata: Viperidae) and species status for the Greek meadow viper. Zootaxa 4227(1): 75-88. Mizsei, E.; Üveges, B.; Vági, B.; Szabolcs, M.; Lengyel, S.; Pfliegler, W.P.; Nagy, Z.T.; Tóth, J.P. 2016. Species distribution modelling leads to the discovery of new populations of one of the least known European snakes, Vipera ursinii graeca, in Albania. Amphibia-Reptilia 37(1): 55-68. Nilson, G.; Andrén, C. 1988. A new subspecies of the subalpine meadow viper, Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte) (Reptilia, Viperidae), from Greece. Zoologica Scripta 17(3): 311-314. Zinenko, O.; Stümpel, N.; Mazanaeva, L.; Bakiev, A.; Shiryaev, K.; Pavlov, A.; Kotenko, T.; Kukushkin, O.; Chikin, Y.; Duisebayeva, T.; Nilson, G.; Orlov, N.L.; Sako, T.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Murphy, R.W.; Joger, U. 2015. Mitochondrial phylogeny shows multiple independent ecological transitions and northern dispersion despite of Pleistocene glaciations in meadow and steppe vipers (Vipera ursinii and Vipera renardi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 85-100. Vipera kaznakovi Afsar, M.; Afsar, B. 2009. A new locality for Vipera (Pelias) kaznakovi Nikolsky, 1909 (Reptilia, Viperidae) in the North-Eastern Anatolia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 16(2): 155-158. Arikan, H.; Göcmen, B.; Mermer, A.; Bahar, H. 2005. An electrophoretic comparison of the venoms of a colubrid and various viperid snakes from Turkey and Cyprus, with some taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. Zootaxa 1038: 1-10. Arikan, H.; Kumlutas, Y.; Türkozan, O.; Baran, I. 2003. Electrophoretic patterns of some viper venoms from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 27(3): 239-242. Baran, I.; Tok, C.V.; Olgun, K.; Iret, F.; Avci, A. 2005. On viperid (Serpentes: Sauria) specimens collected from Northeastern Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Zoology 29(3): 225-228. Bozhansky, A.T. 1984. [The viper Vipera kaznakowi]. (In Russian). Priroda (Moscow) 1984(6): 53-55. Bozhansky, A.T.; Kudryavtsev, S.V. 1986. An experience of Caucasian viper breeding in captivity. Vestnik Zoologii 1986(3): 78-81. Bozhansky, A.T.; Kudryavtsev, S.V. 1986. Ecological observations of the rare vipers of the Caucasus. pp. 495-498. In: Rocek, Z. (ed.). Studies in herpetology. Proceedings of the European herpetological meeting (3rd ordinary general meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica), Prague 1985. Charles University, Prague. 754 pp. Chiszar, D.; Brown, J.; Chiszar, A.; Smith, H.M. 1999. Strike-induced chemosensory searching in the Caucasus viper (Vipera kaznakovi) and the ocellate mountain viper (Vipera wagneri). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 35(3): 85-91. Dostal, I.; Duska, S.; Koropecky, I. 1979. [The snake Vipera kaznakowi]. (In Czech). Ziva 27(3): 106-107. Göcmen, B.; Cicek, K.; Igci, N.; Akman, B. 2013. Data on the reproduction of a Caucasian Viper, Vipera kaznakovi Nikolsky, 1909 (Serpentes: Viperidae) from Hopa (northeastern Anatolia, Turkey). Ecologia Balkanica 5(2): 99-101. Gül, S.; Kumlutas, Y.; Ilgaz, C. 2016. Predicted distribution patterns of Pelias kaznakovi (Nikolsky, 1909) in the Caucasus hotspot with a new locality record from Turkey. Russian Journal of Herpetology 23(3): 224-230. Kramer, S. 1961. Variation, Sexualdimorphismus, Wachstum und Taxionomie von Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte, 1835) und Vipera kaznakovi Nikolskij, 1909. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 68: 627-725. Kretz, J. 1971. Über Vipera kaznakovi Nikolskij 1909 aus Nordostanatolien (Reptilia, Viperidae). Jahrbuch Naturh. Mus. Bern 4 [1969-1971]: 125-134. Mamet, S.; Kudryavtsev, S.V. 1997. Caucasian viper: husbandry and reproduction in captivity. Russian Journal of Herpetology 4(2): 198-199. Norström, M. 1988. The Caucasian viper in Turkey. Fauna Och Flora (Stockholm) 83(1): 26-33. Orlov, N.L.; Tuniyev, B.S. 1986. The recent areas, their possible genesis and the phylogeny of three viper species of Eurosiberian group of the Vipera kaznakowi complex in the Caucasus. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 157: 107-135. Orlov, N.L.; Tuniyev, B.S. 1990. Three species in the Vipera kaznakowi complex (Eurosiberian group) in the Caucasus: their present distribution, possible genesis, and phylogeny. Asiatic Herpetological Research 3: 1-36. Orlov, N.L.; Tuniyev, B.S. 2005. Vipera kaznakovi - Gemeine Kaukasusotter. pp. 325-341. In: Joger, U. & Stümpel, N. (eds.). Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Schlangen III. Viperidae. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 420 pp. Stumpel, A.; Podloucky, R.; Corbett, K.; Andren, C.; Bea, A.; Nilson, G.; Oliveira, M.E. 1992. Threatened reptiles in Europe requiring special conservation measures. pp. 25-34. In: Korsos, Z. & Kiss, I. (eds.). Proceedings of the 6th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 19-23 August 1991, Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 531 pp. Tuniyev, B.S. 2016. Rare species of Shield-head Vipers in the Caucasus. Nature Conservation Research 1(3): 11–25. Vedmederya, V.I. 1984. [Distribution, variation and ecological features of Vipera kaznakowi]. pp. 8-9. (In Russian). In: Ishchenko, V.G. (ed.). [The species and its productivity within its distribution range. Part 5. Questions of herpetology. Material from the 4th All-Union Symposium 3-7 April 1984]. Urals Scientific Centre, Academy of Sciences USSR, Sverdlovsk. 54 pp. Vedmerja, V.J.; Orlov, N.L.; Tuniyev, B.S. 1986. On taxonomy of three viper species of the Vipera kaznakowi complex. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 157: 55-61. Zinyakova, M.P.; Trofimov, A.G. 1977. [On the biology of reproduction in the Caucasian viper Vipera kasnakovi Nik.]. pp. 4-5. In: Darevsky, I.S. [Fourth All-Union Herpetological Conference. Questions in Herpetology]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskij Institut. Izdatel'stvo 'Nauka', Leningrad. 243 pp. (In Russian). Vipera latastei Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. 2013. Nomenclatural notes. Graellsia 69(1): 129-131. Amat, F. 2004. Analysis of the morphological variation of Vipera latastei: Taxonomic and biogeographic implications. Russian Journal of Herpetology 11(3): 198-202. Bernis, F. 1969. La culebra de las Islas Columbretes: Vipera latastei. Boletin R. Soc. Esp. Hist. nat. (Sec. Biol.) 66: 115-133. Brito, J.C. 2001. A record of melanism in Vipera latasti. Herpetological Bulletin 76: 28-29. Brito, J.C. 2003. Seasonal and daily activity patterns of Vipera latastei in northern Portugal. Amphibia-Reptilia 24(4): 497-508. Brito, J.C. 2003. Seasonal variation in movements, home range, and habitat use by male Vipera latastei in northern Portugal. Journal of Herpetology 37(1): 155-160. Brito, J.C. 2004. Feeding ecology of Vipera latastei in northern Portugal: Ontogenetic shifts, prey size and seasonal variations. Herpetological Journal 14(1): 13-19. Brito, J.C.; Alvares, F.J. 2004. Patterns of road mortality in Vipera latastei and V. seoanei from northern Portugal. Amphibia-Reptilia 25(4): 459-465. Brito, J.C.; Crespo, E.G. 2002. Distributional analysis of two vipers (Vipera latastei and V. seoanei) in a potential area of sympatry in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. pp. 129-138. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp. Brito, J.C.; Fahd, S.; Martínez-Freiria, F.; Tarroso, P.; Larbes, S.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Santos, X. 2011. Climate change and peripheral populations: predictions for a relict Mediterranean viper. Acta Herpetologica 6(1): 105-118. Brito, J.C.; Rebelo, R. 2003. Differential growth and mortality affect sexual size dimorphism in Vipera latastei. Copeia 2003(4): 865-871. Brito, J.C.; Santos, X.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Fahd, S.; Llorente, G.A.; Parellada, X. 2006. Morphological variability of the Lataste's viper (Vipera latastei) and the Atlas dwarf viper (Vipera monticola): patterns of biogeographical distribution and taxonomy. Amphibia-Reptilia 27(2): 219-240. Busack, S.D.; Salvador, A. 1984. Nuevos datos sobre la distribucion de cuatro epsecies de reptiles en la provincia de Cadiz. Doñana Acta Vertebrata 11(2): 322-325. Damme, R. van; Castilla, A.M. 1996. Chemosensory predator recognition in the lizard Podarcis hispanica: effects of predation pressure relaxation. Journal of Chemical Ecology 22(1): 13-22. Fahd, S.; Barata, M.; Benitez, M.; Brito, J.C.; Caro, J.; Carvalho, Silvia; Chirosa, M.; Feriche, M.; Herrera, T.; Marquez-Ferrando, R.; Nesbitt, D.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Reques, R.; Paz, R. 2007. Presencia de la vibora hocicuda Vipera latastei en el Atlas Medio (Marruecos) y otras citas herpetologicas para la region. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola 18: 26-34. Fahd, S.; Benitez, M.; Brito, J.C.; Caro, J.; Chirosa, M.; Feriche, M.; Fernandez-Cardenete, J.R.; Martinez-Freiria, F.; Marquez-Ferrando, R.; Nesbitt, D.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Reques, R.; Rodriguez, M.P.; Santos, X.; Sicilia, M. 2006. Distribucion de Vipera latasti en el Rif y otras citas herpetologicas para el norte de Marruecos. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola 16(1-2): 19-25. Ferreira, D.; Mateus, C.; Santos, X. 2016. Responses of reptiles to fire in transition zones are mediated by bioregion affinity of species. Biodiversity and Conservation 25(8): 1543-1557. Freitas, I.; Fahd, S.; Velo-Antón, G.; Martínez-Freiría, F. 2018. Chasing the phantom: biogeography and conservation of Vipera latastei-monticola in the Maghreb (North Africa). Amphibia-Reptilia 39(2): 145–161. Gragera Ramos, S.; Fernandez Cardenete, J.R. 2013. Un caso de comportamiento arborícola en Vipera latastei. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola 24(1): 45-47. Hopkins, P.W. 1974. Sobre la herpetofauna de la Sierra de Estrella (Portugal) con especial referencia a Coronella austriaca austriaca y Vipera latasti. Doñana Acta Vertebrata 1(1): 11-17. Lopez-Jurado, L.F.; Ruiz Caballero, M. 1981. Predacion de Vipera latastei sobre Mustela nivalis. Donana Acta Vertebrata 8: 298-299. Loureiro, A. 2007. Cabecas de vibora - Köpfe von Vipera latastei als Handelsgut in Portugal. Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 14(1): 77-86. Malkmus, R. 1997. Slangen van Portugal (10): de Wipneusadder (Vipera latasti). Lacerta 56(2) [1997-1998]: 44-48. Martinez, F.; Brito, J.C.; Lizana Avia, M. 2006. Intermediate forms and syntopy among vipers (Vipera aspis and V. latastei) in northern Iberian Peninsula. Herpetological Bulletin 97: 14-18. Martinez-Freiria, F.; Brito, J.C.; Lizana-Avia, M. 2006. Ophiophagy and cannibalism in Vipera latastei Bosca, 1878 (Reptilia, Viperidae). Herpetological Bulletin 96: 26-28. Martínez-Freiria, F.; Lizana, M.; Amaral, J.P. do; Brito, J.C. 2010. Spatial and temporal segregation allows coexistence in a hybrid zone among two Mediterranean vipers (Vipera aspis and V. latastei). Amphibia-Reptilia 31(2): 195-212. Martínez-Freiria, F.; Pardavila, X.; Lamosa, A. 2012. [A new case of melanism in Vipera latastei]. (In Spanish). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola 23(1): 51-54. Martínez-Freiría, F.; Santos, X. 2015. Assessing the heritability of dorsal pattern shape in Vipera latastei. Amphibia-Reptilia 36(3): 313-317. Martinez-Freiria, F.; Santos, X.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Lizana, M. 2009. Geographical patterns of morphological variation and environmental correlates in contact zones: a multi-scale approach using two Mediterranean vipers (Serpentes). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 47(4): 357-367. Martinez-Freiria, F.; Sillero, N.; Lizana, M.; Brito, J.C. 2008. GIS-based niche models identify environmental correlates sustaining a contact zone between three species of European vipers. Diversity and Distributions 14(3): 452-461. Mediani, M.; Amezian, M.; Tattou, M.I.; Benhoussa, A.; Rguibi Idrissi, H.; El Agbani, M.A.; Qninba, A. 2009. Nouvelles citations de deux especes reliques palearctiques, Emys orbicularis Linnaeus, 1758 et Vipera latastei Bosca, 1878 dans la Peninsule Tingitane (Rif occidental, Maroc). Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique Section Sciences de la Vie (Rabat) 31(2): 99-102. Niskanen, M.; Mappes, J. 2005. Significance of the dorsal zigzag pattern of Vipera latastei gaditana against avian predators. Journal of Animal Ecology 74(6): 1091-1101. Parellada, X. 1995. About the apparent inexistence of a spring mating in the Catalan population of Vipera latasti (Reptilia: Viperidae), and note about the reproductive success. pp. 250-254. In: Llorente, G.A.; Montori, A.; Santos, X. & Carretero, M.A. (eds.). Scientia Herpetologica: papers submitted from the 7th Ordinary General Meeting of Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Barcelona, September 15-19, 1993. Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, Barcelona. 385 pp. Parellada, X. 1995. Status of Vipera aspis and Vipera latasti (Viperidae, Reptilia) in Catalonia (NE Spain). pp. 328-334. In: Llorente, G.A.; Montori, A.; Santos, X. & Carretero, M.A. (eds.). Scientia Herpetologica: papers submitted from the 7th Ordinary General Meeting of Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Barcelona, September 15-19, 1993. Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, Barcelona. 385 pp. Parellada, X.; Santos, X. 2002. Caudal luring in free-ranging adult Vipera latasti. Amphibia-Reptilia 23(3): 343-347. Pires Ceríaco, L.M. 2011. Geographic distribution: Vipera latastei (Lataste's Viper). Herpetological Review 42(4): 575. Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Santos, X.; Brito, J.C.; Parellada, X.; Llorente, G.A.; Fahd, S. 2007. Reproductive ecology of Vipera latastei, in the Iberian Peninsula: Implications for the conservation of a Mediterranean viper. Zoology (Jena) 110(1): 9-19. Real, R.; Luz Márquez, A.; Olivero, J.; Estrada, A. 2010. Species distribution models in climate change scenarios are still not useful for informing policy planning: an uncertainty assessment using fuzzy logic. Ecography 33(2): 304-314. Saint Girons, H. 1989. Vipera latastei. pp. 173. In: Castanet, J. & Guyetant, R. Atlas de repartition des amphibiens et reptiles de France. Societe Herpetologique de France, Paris. 191 pp. Saint-Girons, H. 1954. Le cycle d'activite et ses facteurs chez Vipera latastei Bosca. Vie et Milieu 5: 513-528. Saint-Girons, H. 1977. Systematique de Vipera latastei latastei Bosca, 1878 et description de Vipera latastei gaditana. subsp. n. (Reptilia, Viperidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 84(3): 599-607. Salvador, A.; Busack, S.D.; McDiarmid, R.; Ineich, I.; Brito, J.C. 2014. Case 3629. Vipera latastei Bosca, 1878 (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae): request for conservation of the original spelling. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 71(1): 22-25. Santos, X. 2011. Amenaces i causes de la desaparicio de l'escurco iberica la peninsula Iberica. L'Atzavara 20: 77-82. Santos, X.; Brito, J.C.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Llorente, G.A. 2007. Comparing Filippi and Luiselli's (2000) method with a cartographic approach to assess the conservation status of secretive species: the case of the Iberian snake-fauna. Amphibia-Reptilia 28(1): 17-23. Santos, X.; Brito, J.C.; Sillero, N.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Llorente, G.A.; Fahd, S.; Parellada, X. 2006. Inferring habitat-suitability areas with ecological modelling techniques and GIS: a contribution to assess the conservation status of Vipera latastei. Biological Conservation 130(3): 416-425. Santos, X.; Llorente, G.A.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Brito, J.C.; Fahd, S.; Parellada, X. 2007. Variation in the diet of the Lataste's viper Vipera latastei in the Iberian Peninsula: seasonal, sexual and size-related effects. Animal Biology (Leiden) 57(1): 49-61. Santos, X.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Brito, J.C.; Fahd, S.; Llorente, G.A.; Parellada, X. 2004. La vibora hocicuda: una especie desconocida y amenazada de la fauna mediterranea. Quercus 216: 32-39. Santos, X.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Brito, J.C.; Llorente, G.A.; Parellada, X.; Fahd, S. 2008. Prey availability drives geographic dietary differences of a Mediterranean predator, the Lataste's viper (Vipera latastei). Herpetological Journal 18(1): 16-22. Santos, X.; Vidal-García, M.; Brito, J.C.; Soumia, F.; Llorente, G.A.; Martínez-Freiria, F.; Parellada, X.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Sillero, N. 2014. Phylogeographic and environmental correlates support the cryptic function of the zigzag pattern in a European viper. Evolutionary Ecology 28(4): 611-626. Sanz, T. 2008. Vibora hocicuda, Vipera latastei Bosca, 1878: cita en el sector nororiental de la provincia de Leon. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola 19: 62-63. Schwarzer, U. 1999. Zur Verbreitung der Stülpnasenotter, Vipera latastei gaditana (Saint-Girons, 1977) in Südwest-Portugal (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetozoa 11(3-4): 181-184. Soler Massana, J.; Amill Franch, I.; Martinez-Silvestre, A.; Barrull Ventura, J.; Mate Alonso, I. 2006. Nuevos datos de distribucion para 9 especies de reptiles en la Comarca del Priorat (sudoeste de Cataluna). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola 17(2): 66-73. Stümpel, N.; Brito, J.C.; Saint-Girons, H. 2005. Vipera latastei - Stülpnasenotter. pp. 187-212. In: Joger, U. & Stümpel, N. (eds.). Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Schlangen III. Viperidae. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 420 pp. Tarroso, P.; Pereira, R.J.; Martínez-Freiria, F.; Godinho, R.; Brito, J.C. 2014. Hybridization at an ecotone: ecological and genetic barriers between three Iberian vipers. Molecular Ecology 23(5): 1108-1123. Trutnau, L. 1994. Zur Lebensweise, Pflege und Nachzucht der Stülpnasenotter Vipera latasti Bosca, 1878. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 16(91): 19-24. Valkonen, J.K.; Nokelainen, O.; Mappes, J. 2011. Antipredatory function of head shape for vipers and their mimics. PLoS ONE 6(7): e22272, 1-4. Velo-Anton, G.; Godinho, R.; Harris, D.J.; Santos, X.; Martínez-Freiria, F.; Fahd, S.; Larbes, S.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Brito, J.C. 2012. Deep evolutionary lineages in a western Mediterranean snake (Vipera latastei/monticola group) and high genetic structuring in southern Iberian populations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65(3): 965-973. Zaldivar, C.; Gosa, A.; Bergerandi, A. 1992. Primera cita de Vipera latastei Bosca, 1878 en La Rioja. Zubia 10: 190-192. Vipera lotievi Kidov, A.A.; Pikhov, S.G.; Tishina, G.V. 2009. [On biology of Lotiev's viper Vipera lotievi Nilson et al., 1995 (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae) in the northern Ossetia]. (In Russian). Nauchnye Issledovaniya v Zoologicheskikh Parkakh 25: 158-160. Tuniyev, B.S. 2016. Rare species of Shield-head Vipers in the Caucasus. Nature Conservation Research 1(3): 11–25. Zinenko, O.; Stümpel, N.; Mazanaeva, L.; Bakiev, A.; Shiryaev, K.; Pavlov, A.; Kotenko, T.; Kukushkin, O.; Chikin, Y.; Duisebayeva, T.; Nilson, G.; Orlov, N.L.; Sako, T.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Murphy, R.W.; Joger, U. 2015. Mitochondrial phylogeny shows multiple independent ecological transitions and northern dispersion despite of Pleistocene glaciations in meadow and steppe vipers (Vipera ursinii and Vipera renardi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 85-100. Vipera magnifica Tuniyev, B.S. 2016. Rare species of Shield-head Vipers in the Caucasus. Nature Conservation Research 1(3): 11–25. Tuniyev, B.S.; Ostrovskikh, S.V. 2001. Two new species of vipers of "kaznakovi" complex (Ophidia, Viperinae) from the western Caucasus. Russian Journal of Herpetology 8(2): 117-126. Vipera monticola Beerli, P.; Billing, H.; Schätti, B. 1986. Taxonomischer Status von Vipera latasti monticola Saint Girons, 1953 (Serpentes, Viperidae). Salamandra 22(2-3): 101-104. Brito, J.C.; Santos, X.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Fahd, S.; Llorente, G.A.; Parellada, X. 2006. Morphological variability of the Lataste's viper (Vipera latastei) and the Atlas dwarf viper (Vipera monticola): patterns of biogeographical distribution and taxonomy. Amphibia-Reptilia 27(2): 219-240. Freitas, I.; Fahd, S.; Velo-Antón, G.; Martínez-Freiría, F. 2018. Chasing the phantom: biogeography and conservation of Vipera latastei-monticola in the Maghreb (North Africa). Amphibia-Reptilia 39(2): 145–161. Fritz, P.; Scheler, B. 2017. Das Porträt: Vipera monticola Saint Girons, 1953. Sauria (Berlin) 39(1): 1-2. Herrmann, H.W. 1993. Bemerkungen zum Beutespektrum von Vipera monticola. Salamandra 29(1): 90-91. Pillet, J.M. 1994. Nouvelles donnees sur la repartition et l'ecologie de la vipere naine du Haut Atlas Vipera monticola Saint Girons, 1954 (Reptilia, Viperidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 101(3): 645-653. Saint-Girons, H. 1953. Une vipère naine: Vipera latastei montana. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 78: 24-28. Saint-Girons, H. 1954. Note rectificative au sujet de Vipera latastei montana, n. subsp. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 78: 475. Saint-Girons, H. 1973. Nouvelles donnees sur la vipère naine du Haut Atlas, Vipera latastei monticola. Bulletin Soc. Sci. nat. phys. Maroc 53(1-2): 111-118. Velo-Anton, G.; Godinho, R.; Harris, D.J.; Santos, X.; Martínez-Freiria, F.; Fahd, S.; Larbes, S.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Brito, J.C. 2012. Deep evolutionary lineages in a western Mediterranean snake (Vipera latastei/monticola group) and high genetic structuring in southern Iberian populations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65(3): 965-973. Westerström, A. 2010. Early record of the elusive atlas dwarf viper Vipera monticola Saint Girons, 1953, in the Moroccan High Atlas. Herpetozoa 23(1-2): 103-104. Vipera nikolskii Bakiev, A.G.; Böhme, W.; Joger, U. 2005. Vipera nikolskii - Waldsteppenotter. pp. 293-309. In: Joger, U. & Stümpel, N. (eds.). Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Schlangen III. Viperidae. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 420 pp. Bondarenko, Z.S.; Zinenko, O.I. 2016. Individual growth rates of Nikolsky's Viper, Vipera berus nikolskii (Squamata, Viperidae). Vestnik Zoologii 50(1): 65-70. Efimov, R.V.; Zavialov, E.V.; Tabachishin, V.G.; Pomazenko, O.A. 2009. [Molecular-genetic analysis of rare and protected species of Volga vipers]. (In Russian). Izvestiya Samarskogo Nauchnogo Centra Rossiskaya Akademii Nauk 11(1) (27): 429-432. Efimov, R.V.; Zavyalov, E.V.; Velikov, V.A.; Tabachishin, V.G. 2008. Genetic divergence of Vipera berus and Vipera nikolskii (Reptilia: Viperidae, Vipera) populations in lower Volga and adjacent territories assessed according to the sequences of cytochrome oxidase III and 12S ribosome RNA genes. Russian Journal of Genetics 44(2): 240-243. Gumprecht, A. 1994. Zur Kenntnis der Russischen Waldsteppenotter Vipera nikolskii Vedmederja, Grubant & Rudajeva, 1986. Sauria (Berlin) 16(4): 27-33. Jandzik, D. 2007. Husbandry and captive reproduction in Vipera nikolskii (Viperidae). Herpetological Review 38(2): 171-172. Joger, U.; Lenk, P.; Baran, I.; Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T.; Heidrich, P.; Wink, M. 1997. The phylogenetic position of Vipera barani and of V. nikolskii within the Vipera berus complex. pp. 185-194. In: Böhme, W.; Bischoff, W. & Ziegler, T. (eds.). Herpetologia Bonnensis. Proceedings of the 8th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 23-27 August 1995, Bonn, Germany. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Bonn. 414 pp. Loparev, S.A.; Sytnik, A.I. 2008. The comparative ecology of coexistent populations of Vipera berus and 'Vipera nikolskii' in the forest steppe on Dnieper’s right riverbank of Ukraine. pp. 258-261. In: Ananjeva, N.B.; Danilov, I.G.; Dunayev, E.A.; Ischenko, V.G.; Lada, G.A.; Litvinchuk, S.N.; Orlova, V.F.; Smirina, E.M.; Tuniyev, B.S. & Khalikov, R.G. (eds.). The problems of herpetology. Proceedings of the 3rd meeting of the Nikolsky Herpetological Society, 9-13 October 2006, Putschino. Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. 467 pp. Mizsei, E.; Jablonski, D.; Roussos, S.A.; Dimaki, M.; Ioannidis, Y.; Nilson, G.; Nagy, Z.T. 2017. Nuclear markers support the mitochondrial phylogeny of Vipera ursinii-renardi complex (Squamata: Viperidae) and species status for the Greek meadow viper. Zootaxa 4227(1): 75-88. Oleynik, Y.V.; Nekrasova, O.D. 2012. [New data on the distribution of Vipera nikolskii (Reptilia, Viperidae) in Kyiv Region]. (In Russian). Vestnik Zoologii 46(3): 258. Ramazanova, A.S.; Starkov, V.G.; Osipov, A.V.; Ziganshin, R.H.; Filkin, S.Y.; Tsetlin, V.I.; Utkin, Y.N. 2009. Cysteine-rich venom proteins from the snakes of Viperinae subfamily - Molecular cloning and phylogenetic relationship. Toxicon 53(1): 162-168. Sokolov, A.S. 2005. On the taxonomic status of the common adder of the partially wooded steppe of the Oka-Don Plain. Russian Journal of Herpetology 12: 96-99. (Supplement). Sos, T.; Hegyeli, Z. 2011. Morphotype of Vipera berus nikolskii Vedmederja, Grubant & Rudaeva, 1986, present in the Buzau Subcarpathians, Romania. Herpetozoa 24(1-2): 91-95. Tabachishin, V.G.; Tabachishina, I.E.; Zavialov, E.V. 2003. Modern habitats and some ecological aspects of the Forest-steppe Viper in the north of the Lower Volga region. Russian Journal of Ecology 2003(1): 82-86. Tabachishin, V.G.; Zavialov, E.V. 2003. Forest-steppe Viper distribution in the south of the Podolsk height. Russian Journal of Ecology 2003(2): 202-203. Tabatschischin, W.G.; Sawjalow, E.W. 2004. Zur Präzisierung der südlichen Grenze des Verbreitungsareals der Waldsteppenotter (Vipera nikolskii) im Europäischen Tteil Russlands. Mauritiana 19(1): 83-85. Tabatschischina, I.E.; Tabatschischin, W.G.; Sawjalow, E.W. 2002. Wachstumsdynamik bei Vipera nikolskii im Gebiet Saratow. Mauritiana 18(2): 203-206. Vedmederya, V.I.; Grubant, V.N. 1986. [On the question of the name of the black viper in the forest steppes of the European part of the USSR]. (In Russian). Vestnik Khar'kovskogo Universiteta 288: 83-85. Velikov, V.A.; Yefimov, R.V.; Zavialov, E.V.; Kuznetsov, P.E.; Tabachisin, V.G.; Shlyakhtin, G.V.; Kaybeleva, E.I. 2006. [Genetic divergence of some Vipera species (Reptilia: Viperidae, Vipera) from gene sequention of NADN-dehydrogenase and 12S ribosomal RNA]. (In Russian, English summary). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 5-6: 41-49. Yefimov, R.V.; Zavialov, E.V.; Tabachishin, V.G. 2008. [Aspects of ecological segregation and technology of specific identification of viper snakes (Reptilia: Viperidae, Vipera) in Volga region by genotyping]. (In Russian). Povolzhskii Ekologicheskii Zhurnal 2: 147-153. Zavialov, E.V.; Kaybeleva, E.I.; Tabachishin, V.G. 2006. [A comparative karyological characteristics of forest-steppe viper (Vipera (Pelias) nikolskii) from the small river flood-lands of the Volga and Don basins]. (In Russian, English summary). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 5-6: 100-103. Zavialov, E.V.; Yefimov, R.V.; Tabachishin, V.G.; Pomazenko, O.A. 2009. [Genetic characteristics of Vipera renardi (Reptilia: Viperidae) populations in the lower-Volga region and adjacent territories from sequenation of mitochondrial genes of cytochrome b and c, NADN-dehydrogenase and 12s ribosomic RNA. (In Russian). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 9(1-2): 12-17. Zinenko, O.I. 2003. [First generation hybrids between the Nikolsky's adder, Vipera nikolskii, and the common adder, Vipera berus (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae)]. (In Russian, English summary). Vestnik Zoologii 37(1): 101-104, 107. Zinenko, O.I. 2004. New data about hybridization between Vipera nikolskii Vedmederya, Grubant & Rudaeva, 1986 and Vipera berus berus (Linnaeus, 1758) and their contact zones in Ukraine. Mertensiella 15: 17-28. Zinenko, O.I. 2006. Habitats of Vipera berus nikolskii in Ukraine. pp. 205-209. In: Vences, M.; Köhler, J.; Ziegler, T. & Böhme, W. (eds.). Herpetologia Bonnensis II. Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 27 September - 2 October 2005, Bonn, Germany. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Bonn. 262 pp. Zinenko, O.I.; Turcanu, V.; Strugariu, A. 2010. Distribution and morphological variation of Vipera berus nikolskii Vedmederja, Grubant et Rudaeva, 1986 in western Ukraine, the Republic of Moldova and Romania. Amphibia-Reptilia 31(1): 51-67. Vipera olguni Tuniyev, S.B.; Avci, A.; Tuniyev, B.S.; Agasian, A.L.; Agasian, L.A. 2012. Description of a new species of Shield-head Vipers - Pelias olguni sp. nov. from basin of upper flow of the Kura River in Turkey. Russian Journal of Herpetology 19(4): 314-332. Vipera orlovi Ostrovskikh, S.V. 2008. Colour morph of Orlov’s Viper Vipera (Pelias) orlovi (Ophidia, Viperinae). pp. 337-340. In: Ananjeva, N.B.; Danilov, I.G.; Dunayev, E.A.; Ischenko, V.G.; Lada, G.A.; Litvinchuk, S.N.; Orlova, V.F.; Smirina, E.M.; Tuniyev, B.S. & Khalikov, R.G. (eds.). The problems of herpetology. Proceedings of the 3rd meeting of the Nikolsky Herpetological Society, 9-13 October 2006, Putschino. Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. 467 pp. Tuniyev, B.S. 2016. Rare species of Shield-head Vipers in the Caucasus. Nature Conservation Research 1(3): 11–25. Tuniyev, B.S.; Ostrovskikh, S.V. 2001. Two new species of vipers of "kaznakovi" complex (Ophidia, Viperinae) from the western Caucasus. Russian Journal of Herpetology 8(2): 117-126. Vipera pontica Baran, I.; Tosunoglu, M.; Kaya, U.; Kumlutas, Y. 1997. Camlihemsin (Rize) civarinin herpetofaunasi hakkinda. [On the herpetofauna of the vicinity of Camlihemsin.] (In Turkish, English summary). Turkish Journal of Zoology 21(4): 409-416. Billing, H.; Nilson, G.; Sattler, U. 1990. Vipera pontica sp.n., a new viper species in the kaznakovi group (Reptilia, Viperidae) from northeastern Turkey and adjacent Transcaucasia. Zoologica Scripta 19(2): 227-231. Kutrup, B. 2003. The identification of new specimens of Vipera from Trabzon, Turkey with affinities to Vipera barani and V. pontica. Herpetological Review 34(1): 28-31. Vipera renardi Aliev, T.R.; Ganiev, F.R. 1985. [Distribution and ecological-morphological features of Renard's viper - Vipera ursini Bonaparte, 1835 in Azerbaidjan]. (In Russian). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk 1985(1): 44-50. Bakiev, A.G. 2012. [Viper Vipera renardi (Christoph, 1861): about the species first description and its author - Hugo Christoph]. (In Russian). Izvestiya Samarskogo Nauchnogo Centra Rossiskaya Akademii Nauk 14(5): 155-158. Bakiev, A.G.; Garanin, V.I.; Litvinov, N.A.; Pavlov, A.V.; Ratnikov, V.Y. 2004. [Vipera renardi (Christoph, 1861)]. pp. 61–91. (In Russian). In: Garanin, V.I.; Pavlov, A.V. & Bakiev, A.G. [Snakes of Volga-Kama Region]. Samara Sci. Center, Samara. Bakiev, A.G.; Litvinov, N.A.; Shurshina, I.V. 2010. [On diet of Renard's viper Vipera renardi (Christoph, 1861) in the Volga river basin]. (In Russian). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 10(1-2): 54-56. Basoglu, M. 1947. On some varieties of Vipera berus from the extreme north-eastern Anatolia. Revue Faculte des Sciences Universite d'Istanbul 12B(3): 182-190. Boulenger, G.A. 1894. On Vipera renardi, Christoph. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 757-760. Efimov, R.V.; Zavyalov, E.V.; Velikov, V.A.; Tabachishin, V.G. 2008. Genetic divergence of Vipera berus and Vipera nikolskii (Reptilia: Viperidae, Vipera) populations in lower Volga and adjacent territories assessed according to the sequences of cytochrome oxidase III and 12S ribosome RNA genes. Russian Journal of Genetics 44(2): 240-243. Fomina, M.I. 1965. On the feeding habits of the steppe viper in spring and summer periods. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 44: 1100-1103. Fomina, M.I. 1968. Habitats and resting places of the Renard's viper (Vipera ursini) in Chu-Ili. Interiver Region. Zool. Zh. 47: 782-785. Gvozdik, V.; Jandzik, D.; Cordos, B.; Rehak, I.; Kotlik, P. 2012. A mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of the endangered vipers of the Vipera ursinii complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62(3): 1019-1024. Joger, U.; Dely, O.G. 2005. Vipera renardi - Steppenotter. pp. 343-354. In: Joger, U. & Stümpel, N. (eds.). Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Schlangen III. Viperidae. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 420 pp. Kidov, A.A. 2009. [Renard's viper Vipera (Pelias) renardi Christoph, 1861 (Reptilia, Serpentes: Viperidae) from northwestern foothills of the Caucasus]. (In Russian). Nauchnye Issledovaniya v Zoologicheskikh Parkakh 25: 161-165. Kotenko, T.I. 1981. [On Vipera ursinii renardi in the south of Ukraine]. pp. 73. (In Russian). In: Darevsky, I.S., Ananjeva, N.B., Barkagan, Z.S., Borkin, L.Y., Sokolova, T.M. & Shcherbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp. Kotenko, T.I. 2002. [New finds of the steppe viper (Vipera renardi) in the Sivash area of the Crimea]. (In Russian). Vestnik Zoologii 36(2): 100. Kotenko, T.I. 2007. [On distribution of the steppe viper, Vipera renardi (Reptilia, Viperidae), in the western part of the lowland Crimea]. (In Russian). Vestnik Zoologii 41(5): 422. Krasavtzev, B.A. 1943. Zur Biologie der Steppenotter im Nord-kaukasus. Zoologischer Anzeiger 142: 141-144. Krecsák, L.; Toth, T. 2005. Biting among male steppe vipers Vipera renardi (Christoph, 1861). Herpetozoa 18(3-4): 188-189. Kukushkin, O.V. 2009. [Vipera renardi puzanovi ssp. nov. (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) as a new subspecies of steppe viper from mountain Crimea]. (In Russian). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 9(1-2): 18-40. Kukushkin, O.V.; Zinenko, O.I. 2006. Morphological peculiarities and their possible bearing on the taxonomic status of the Crimean montane populations of the steppe viper, Vipera renardi (Christoph, 1861). pp. 61-66. In: Vences, M.; Köhler, J.; Ziegler, T. & Böhme, W. (eds.). Herpetologia Bonnensis II. Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 27 September - 2 October 2005, Bonn, Germany. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Bonn. 262 pp. Laister, A. 1908. [Zur Fauna des Gouv. Erivan. Über das Vorkommen von Vipera renardi Christoph. in Transkaukasien]. (In Russian). Erivan, Pam. Knizka Erivansk. gub. 1908: 223-226. Mazuch, T. 2004. Nekolik poznamek ke komplexu zmiji stepnich 'Vipera (Acridophaga) ursinii' s durazem na biologii zmije stepni Vipera renardi renardi Christoph, 1861 v chovu a prirode (2). [Some notes on the complex of steppe snakes 'Vipera (Acridophaga) ursinii' with emphasis on the biology of Renard's Viper Vipera renardi renardi Christoph, 1861 in captivity and in the wild (2).]. (In Czech). Akvarium Terarium 47(4): 63-67. Mizsei, E.; Jablonski, D.; Roussos, S.A.; Dimaki, M.; Ioannidis, Y.; Nilson, G.; Nagy, Z.T. 2017. Nuclear markers support the mitochondrial phylogeny of Vipera ursinii-renardi complex (Squamata: Viperidae) and species status for the Greek meadow viper. Zootaxa 4227(1): 75-88. Nilson, G.; Andrén, C. 2001. The meadow and steppe vipers of Europe and Asia: the Vipera (Acridophaga) ursinii complex. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 47(2-3): 87-267. Nilson, G.; Andren, C.; Joger, U. 1993. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of the Moldavian steppe viper based on immunological investigations, with a discussion of the hypothesis of secondary intergradation between Vipera ursinii rakosiensis and Vipera (ursinii) renardi. Amphibia-Reptilia 14: 45-57. Ostrovskikh, S.V. 1997. Different forms of melanism and its development with age in the populations of steppe viper Vipera renardi (Christoph, 1861). Russian Journal of Herpetology 4(2): 186-191. Ostrovskikh, S.V. 2006. [Morphological variability of eastern meadow viper - Vipera (Pelias) renardi in the North-Western Caucasus]. (In Russian, English summary). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 5-6: 61-70. Pavlov, A. 2005. Steppe viper (Vipera renardi) in the northern point of its area. Russian Journal of Herpetology 12: 87-89. (Supplement). Pavlov, A.V.; Zinenko, O.I.; Joger, U.; Stuempel, N.; Petrova, I.V.; Malenyov, A.L.; Zaitseva, O.V.; Shurshina, I.V.; Bakiev, A.G. 2011. [Natural hybridization of the eastern steppe viper Vipera renardi and the common adder V. berus]. (In Russian). Izvestiya Samarskogo Nauchnogo Centra Rossiskaya Akademii Nauk (Suppl. 43) 13(5): 172-178. Puzachenko, A.Y.; Baklushinskaya, I.Y.; Lyapunova, E.A.; Vlasov, A.A. 1997. Karyotype of Vipera ursini (Reptilia, Viperidae) from Streletskaya steppe. (In Russian, English summary). Vestnik Zoologii 31(3): 81-82. Tabachishina, I.E.; Tabachishin, V.G.; Shlyakhtin, G.V. 2007. [On revision of the northern boundary of the Vipera renardi habitat in the Volga region]. (In Russian, English summary). Povolzhskii Ekologicheskii Zhurnal 3: 271-277. Toktosunov, A.T.; Mazik, E.Y.; Kassymalieva, E.B.; Imanalieva, N.D. 1992. Specific characters of karyotypes of some snake species (Colubridae, Viperidae, Crotalidae) from the northern Tien-Shan. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 71(5): 118-127. Tsaruk, O.I. 1981. [New data on the distribution of some Amphibia and reptile species in southeastern Kazakhstan]. pp. 143-144. In: Darevsky, I.S.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Barkagan, Z.S.; Borkin, L.Y.; Sokolova, T.M. & Szczerbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp. (abstract, in Russian). Tseitgamel', Y.S. 1976. [Renard's viper Vipera renardi]. (In Russian). Zashchita Rastenii (Moscow) 1976(6): 61. Tuniyev, B.S. 2016. Rare species of Shield-head Vipers in the Caucasus. Nature Conservation Research 1(3): 11–25. Ujvari, B.; Madsen, T.; Kotenko, T.I.; Olsson, M.; Shine, R.; Wittzell, H. 2002. Low genetic diversity threatens imminent extinction for the Hungarian meadow viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis). Biological Conservation 105(1): 127-130. Velikov, V.A.; Yefimov, R.V.; Zavialov, E.V.; Kuznetsov, P.E.; Tabachisin, V.G.; Shlyakhtin, G.V.; Kaybeleva, E.I. 2006. [Genetic divergence of some Vipera species (Reptilia: Viperidae, Vipera) from gene sequention of NADN-dehydrogenase and 12S ribosomal RNA]. (In Russian, English summary). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 5-6: 41-49. Wettstein, O. von 1953. Vipera renardi aus Persien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 150: 266-268. Zavialov, E.V.; Yefimov, R.V.; Tabachishin, V.G.; Pomazenko, O.A. 2009. [Genetic characteristics of Vipera renardi (Reptilia: Viperidae) populations in the lower-Volga region and adjacent territories from sequenation of mitochondrial genes of cytochrome b and c, NADN-dehydrogenase and 12s ribosomic RNA. (In Russian). Sovremennaya Gerpetologiya 9(1-2): 12-17. Zinenko, A.I.; Bakiev, A.G. 2007. [About change of the northern boundary of distribution of the steppe viper, Vipera renardi (Reptilia, Viperidae) in European Russia]. (In Russian). Vestnik Zoologii 41(5): 478. Zinenko, O.; Stümpel, N.; Mazanaeva, L.; Bakiev, A.; Shiryaev, K.; Pavlov, A.; Kotenko, T.; Kukushkin, O.; Chikin, Y.; Duisebayeva, T.; Nilson, G.; Orlov, N.L.; Sako, T.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Murphy, R.W.; Joger, U. 2015. Mitochondrial phylogeny shows multiple independent ecological transitions and northern dispersion despite of Pleistocene glaciations in meadow and steppe vipers (Vipera ursinii and Vipera renardi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 85-100. Vipera sakoi Tuniyev, B.S; Avci, A.; Ilgaz, C.; Olgun, K.; Petrova, T.V.; Bodrov, S.Y.; Geniez, P.; Teynié, A. 2018. On taxonomic status of Shield-head Vipers from Turkish Lesser Caucasus and East Anatolia. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 322(1): 3–44. Vipera seoanei Acuna, A.; Martínez-Freiría, F.; Velo-Antón, G. 2013. Ingesta de tres especies de herpetos (Bufo calamita, Anguis fragilis, Vipera seoanei) por un ejemplar de águila culebrera (Circaetus gallicus) abatido en un parque eólico. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola 24(1): 59-60. Bea, A. 1978. Contribution to the systematics of Vipera seoanei Lataste, 1879 Reptilia, Viperidae. 1. Ultrastructure of the scales cuticle. Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d'Història Natural (Sec. Zool.) 42: 107-118. Bea, A.; Bas, S.; Brana, F.; Saint Girons, H. 1984. Morphologie comparee et repartition de Vipera seoanei Lataste, 1879, en Espagne. Amphibia-Reptilia 5(3-4): 395-410. Bedriaga, J. 1895. Notice sur le "Peliade Portugais". Ann. Sci. nat. Porto 2: 114-116. Billing, H. 1983. Polymorphismus bei Vipera berus seoanei. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 5(24): 31-33. Boudarel, P.; Haffner, P.; Hippolyte, J.; Leconte, M. 1994. A propos de la presence de la vipere de seoane (Vipera seoanei Lataste, 1879) (Ophidia, Viperidae) en Haute Vallee des Aldudes (Pays-Basque, Pyrenees-Atlantiques) et de sa limite orientale en Pyrenees. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 65-66 [1993]: 15-21. Brana, F.; Bas, S. 1983. Vipera seoanei cantabrica ssp. n. Munibe 35(1-2): 87-88. Brito, J.C.; Alvares, F.J. 2004. Patterns of road mortality in Vipera latastei and V. seoanei from northern Portugal. Amphibia-Reptilia 25(4): 459-465. Brito, J.C.; Crespo, E.G. 2002. Distributional analysis of two vipers (Vipera latastei and V. seoanei) in a potential area of sympatry in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. pp. 129-138. In: Schuett, G.W.; Höggren, M.; Douglas, M.E.; Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain. 580 pp. Brito, J.C.; Saint-Girons, H. 2005. Vipera seoanei - Séoanes Viper, Spanische Kreuzotter. pp. 355-374. In: Joger, U. & Stümpel, N. (eds.). Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Schlangen III. Viperidae. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 420 pp. Britten, E. 1910. On the occurrence of Vipera berus in the Pyrénées, near San Sebastion. The Zoologist (London) 14: 266. Celerier, M.L.; Naulleau, G.; Saint Girons, H. 1983. Influence de la temperature sur la consommation d'oxygene de Vipera seoanei, 1879 (Reptilia, Viperidae) acclimatee a des conditions naturelles. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie III Sciences de la Vie 296(15): 731-734. Detrait, J.; Bea, A.; Saint-Girons, H.; Choumet, V. 1990. Les variations geographiques du venin de Vipera seoanei Lataste (1879). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 115(3): 277-285. Duguy, R. 1951. Un specimen de Vipera berus seonnei (Lataste) des Pyrénées Francaises. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 76: 45-46. Duguy, R. 1975. Une vipère nouvelle pour la faune de France: Vipera berus seoanei Lataste, 1879. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 100(3): 395-397. Escala, M.C.; Pérez Menidia, J.L. 1979. Contribución al estudio herpetológico de Navarra. Munibe 31(1-2): 165-170. Krecsák, L. 2008. Albinism and leucism among European Viperinae: a review. Russian Journal of Herpetology 15(2): 97-102. Martinez-Freiria, F.; Sillero, N.; Lizana, M.; Brito, J.C. 2008. GIS-based niche models identify environmental correlates sustaining a contact zone between three species of European vipers. Diversity and Distributions 14(3): 452-461. Martínez-Freiría, F.; Velo-Antón, G.; Brito, J.C. 2015. Trapped by climate: interglacial refuge and recent population expansion in the endemic Iberian Adder Vipera seoanei. Diversity and Distributions 21(3): 331-344. Nobre, A. 1894. Nota acerca do habitat da Vipera berus em Portugal. Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes (Ser. 2) (Lisboa) 3: 123-124. Pardavila, X.; Lamosa, A.; Martínez-Freiria, F. 2012. [First record of predation by Coronella austriaca on Vipera seoanei]. (In Spanish). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola 23(1): 60-61. Pottier, G.; Arlot, P.; Dohogne, R.; Vacher, J.P. 2001. Nouvelle donnees sur la distribution de la vipere de Seoane Vipera seoanei Lataste, 1879 (Ophidia, Viperidae) en France. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 99: 37-44. Saint Girons, H. 1989. Vipera seoanei. pp. 168-169. In: Castanet, J. & Guyetant, R. Atlas de repartition des amphibiens et reptiles de France. Societe Herpetologique de France, Paris. 191 pp. Saint-Girons, H. 1990. Croissance, maturite sexuelle et variations ontogeniques des periodes d'alimentation et des mues chez deux viperes hybrides (Vipera aspis X Vipera seoanei) dans les conditions semi-naturelles. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 54: 62-68. Saint-Girons, H. 1990. Morphologie comparee des hybrides de Vipera seoanei Lataste, 1879 X Vipera aspis (L.). Amphibia-Reptilia 11(2): 197-200. Saint-Girons, H.; Duguy, R. 1976. Ecologie et position systématique de Vipera seoanei Lataste, 1879. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 101(2): 325-339. Schmid, A. 2016. Haltung und Zucht der Iberischen Kreuzotter (Vipera seoanei). Reptilia (D) 21(117): 44-48. Tarroso, P.; Pereira, R.J.; Martínez-Freiria, F.; Godinho, R.; Brito, J.C. 2014. Hybridization at an ecotone: ecological and genetic barriers between three Iberian vipers. Molecular Ecology 23(5): 1108-1123. Tejado-Lanseros, C.; Potes Gordo, M.E. 2006. Determinacion de areas de contacto distributivo entre Vipera aspis y Vipera seoanei en Alava. Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava 20 2005(2006): 155-162. Vipera shemakhensis Tuniyev, B.S. 2016. Rare species of Shield-head Vipers in the Caucasus. Nature Conservation Research 1(3): 11–25. Tuniyev, B.S.; Iremashvili, G.N.; Petrova, T.V.; Kravchenko, M.V. 2018. Rediscovery of the Steppe Viper in Georgia. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 322(2): 87–107. Tuniyev, S.B.; Orlov, N.L.; Tuniyev, B.; Kidov, A. 2013. On the taxonomical status of Steppe Viper from foothills of the South Macroslope of the East Caucasus. Russian Journal of Herpetology 20(2): 129-146. Vipera ursinii Agrimi, U.; Luiselli, L. 1992. Feeding strategies of the viper Vipera ursinii ursinii (Reptilia: Viperidae) in the Apennines. Herpetological Journal 2(2): 37-42. Arribas, O.J. 1997. Un diseno atipico en Vipera ursinii y datos sobre los effectos de su mordedura. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola 8: 30-31. Bacesco, M. 1936. Une vipère nouvelle pour la faune de la Roumanie: Vipera ursinii Bonap. sbsp. macrops Mehely, dans le massif des monts Bucegi. C. R. Acad. Sci. Roumanie Bucaresti 1: 30-33. Bankovits, D.; Halpern, B.; Videki, R.; Katona, K.; Szovenyi, G. 2010. A rakosi vipera (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis Mehely, 1893) egyes kiskunsagi elohelyeinek monitorozasa es minosegi elemzese a vizsgalt jellemzok alapjan [Monitoring and qualification of the Hungarian meadow viper's (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis) certain habitats in the Kiskunsag]. (In Hungarian). Allattani Kozlemenyek 95(2): 311-325. Baron, J.P. 1989. Vipera ursinii. pp. 170-171. In: Castanet, J. & Guyetant, R. Atlas de repartition des amphibiens et reptiles de France. Societe Herpetologique de France, Paris. 191 pp. Baron, J.P. 1992. Regime et cycles alimentaires de la vipere d'Orsini (Vipera ursinii Bonaparte, 1835) au Mont Ventoux, France. Revue d'Ecologie la Terre et la Vie 47(3): 287-311. Baron, J.P.; Ferriere, R.; Clobert, J.; Saint-Girons, H. 1996. Strategie demographique de Vipera ursinii ursinii au Mont-Ventoux (France). Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie III Sciences de la Vie 319(1): 57-69. Baron, J.P.; Ferriere, R.; Saint-Girons, H. 1993. Differenciation morphologique de quatre populations francaises de Vipera ursinii ursinii Bonaparte, 1835 (Reptilia, Viperidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 100(1): 187-196. Baron, J.P.; Galliard, J.F. le; Tully, T.; Ferriere, R. 2010. Cohort variation in offspring growth and survival: prenatal and postnatal factors in a late-maturing viviparous snake. Journal of Animal Ecology 79(3): 640-649. Baron, J.P.; Tully, T.; Galliard, J.F. le 2010. Sex-specific fitness returns are too weak to select for non-random patterns of sex allocation in a viviparous snake. Oecologia (Berlin) 164(2): 369-378. Berdibaeva, Z.S. 1981. [Material on the biology and economic importance of Vipera ursini]. pp. 17. (In Russian). In: Darevsky, I.S., Ananjeva, N.B., Barkagan, Z.S., Borkin, L.Y., Sokolova, T.M. & Shcherbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp. Beshkov, W. 1973. Über die subgenerische zugehörigkeit der Bulgarischen Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte, 1835) (Serpentes). Izvestiya Zool. Inst. Sof. 37: 103-112. Boulenger, G.A. 1893. On a little-known European Viper, Vipera ursinii, Bonap. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893: 596-599. Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Une vipère nouvelle pour la France. Feuille Natural 24: 8-9. Bozhansky, A.T.; Kudryavtsev, S.V. 1986. Ecological observations of the rare vipers of the Caucasus. pp. 495-498. In: Rocek, Z. (ed.). Studies in herpetology. Proceedings of the European herpetological meeting (3rd ordinary general meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica), Prague 1985. Charles University, Prague. 754 pp. Bruno, S. 1967. Ricerche sulla fauna appenninica. 90. La Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte 1835) in Italia. Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona 15: 105-125. Capula, M.; Luiselli, L. 1992. Distribution and conservation of Vipera ursinii (Reptilia: Viperidae) in Italy. pp. 101-105. In: Korsos, Z. & Kiss, I. (eds.): Proceedings of the 6th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 19-23 August 1991, Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 531 pp. Cochran, D.M. 1944. Dangerous reptiles (popular). Rep. Smithson. Instn. 1943: 275-325. Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.M. 2002. Another population of Vipera ursinii macrops Mehely, 1911 in Montenegro (central Balkans) (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetozoa 14(3-4): 137-141. Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.M.; Tomovic, L.M.; Ajtic, R.D. 2003. Syntopic populations of Orsini's Viper (Vipera ursinii) and adder (Vipera berus) in Northeastern Montenegro. p. 52. In: Anonymous. Herpetologia Petropolitana. Programme and abstracts. 12th ordinary general meeting. Societas Europaea Herpetologica (SEH). Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 12-16 August 2003. Societas Europaea Herpetologica (SEH). 201 pp. Dankovics, R. 2007. [The Hungarian meadow viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis Mehely 1893) and its habitats in the Hansag]. pp. 115-123. (In Hungarian). In: Halpern, B. A rakosi vipera vedelme. Tanulmanygyujtemeny. [Studies on the conservation of the Hungarian meadow viper]. [Rosalia No. 3.] Duna-Ipoly Nemzeti Park Igazgatosag, Budapest. 194 pp. Dely, O.G. 1983. Wann ist die Beschreibung von Mehely über Vipera ursinii rakosiensis erschienen? Állattani Közlemenyek 70(1-4): 117. Dely, O.G. 1986. Bemerkungen zum Vorkommen der Spitzkopfotter (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis Mehely, 1893) in Slawonien. Állattani Közlemenyek 73(1): 119-120. Dely, O.G.; Janisch, M. 1959. La repartition des vipères de champs (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis Mehely) dans le Bassin des Carpathes. Vertebrata Hungarica 1: 25-33. Dely, O.G.; Joger, U. 2005. Vipera ursinii - Wiesenotter. pp. 375-414. In: Joger, U. & Stümpel, N. (eds.). Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Schlangen III. Viperidae. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 420 pp. Dely, O.G.; Stohl, G. 1989. Phylogenetische Probleme in dem Vipera ursinii - Formenkreis (Serpentes, Viperidae). Vertebrata Hungarica 23: 9-20. Dimitropoulos, A. 1986. First records of Orsini's viper, Vipera ursinii (Viperidae), in Greece. Annales Musei Goulandris 7: 319-323. Dreux, P.; Saint-Girons, H. 1951. Ecologie des vipères. II. Vipera ursinii Bon. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 76: 47-54. Ferchaud, A.L.; Lyet, A.; Cheylan, M.; Arnal, V.; Baron, J.P.; Montgelard, C.; Ursenbacher, S. 2011. High genetic differentiation among French populations of the Orsini's viper (Vipera ursinii ursinii) based on mitochondrial and microsatellite data: implications for conservation management. Journal of Heredity 102(1): 67-78. Ferchaud, A.L.; Ursenbacher, S.; Cheylan, M.; Luiselli, L.M.; Jelic, D.; Halpern, B.; Major, A.; Kotenko, T.; Najme, K.; Behrooz, R.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.; Tomovic, L.; Ghira, I.; Ioannidis, Y. 2012. Phylogeography of the Vipera ursinii complex (Viperidae): mitochondrial markers reveal an east-west disjunction in the Palaearctic region. Journal of Biogeography 39(10): 1836-1847. Filippi, E.; Luiselli, L. 2003. Aspects of the ecology and conservation of the meadow viper, Vipera ursinii, in the Duchessa Mountains Natural Park (Latium, central Italy). Herpetological Bulletin 86: 5-9. Filippi, E.; Luiselli, L.M. 2004. Ecology and conservation of the Meadow viper, Vipera ursinii, in three protected mountainous areas in central Italy. Italian Journal of Zoology (Modena) 71: 159-161. Fougeray, D. 1992. Decouverte de la vipere d'Orsini dans la vallee du Haut-Verdon. Faune de Provence 13: 84-85. Fülöp, T. 1992. Distribution and conservation measures of the meadow viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis) in the Hansag Nature Reserve. pp. 165-169. In: Korsos, Z. & Kiss, I. (eds.): Proceedings of the 6th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 19-23 August 1991, Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 531 pp. Garancsy, M. 1975. Why do we protect all of our reptiles? Buvar 30(5): 217-221. Gasc, J.P. 1968. Morphologie des hemipenis chez Vipera ursinii ursinii (Bonaparte) et discussion biogeographique sur la repartition des espèces du genre Vipera en Europe occidentale. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 40: 95-101. Gasc, J.P.; Billaud, G. 1967. La vipère d'Orsini. Science et Nature (Paris) 84: 22-27. Ghira, I. 2007. Rediscovery of Vipera ursinii rakosiensis in Transylvania. Herpetologica Romanica 1: 77-81. Grillitsch, H. 2010. Chronologie des Aussterbens der Wiesenotter, Vipera (Pelias) ursinii rakosiensis Mehely, 1893, in Österreich (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetozoa 23(1-2): 25-50. Gvozdik, V.; Jandzik, D.; Cordos, B.; Rehak, I.; Kotlik, P. 2012. A mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of the endangered vipers of the Vipera ursinii complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62(3): 1019-1024. Halpern, B. 2007. [Hungarian meadow viper life-program (LIFE04/NAT/HU/000116)]. pp. 25-30. (In Hungarian). In: Halpern, B. A rakosi vipera vedelme. Tanulmanygyujtemeny. [Studies on the conservation of the Hungarian meadow viper]. [Rosalia No. 3.] Duna-Ipoly Nemzeti Park Igazgatosag, Budapest. 194 pp. Halpern, B. 2007. A rakosi vipera vedelme. Tanulmanygyujtemeny. [Studies on the conservation of the Hungarian meadow viper]. (In Hungarian). Duna-Ipoly Nemzeti Park Igazgatosag, Budapest. 194 pp. Halpern, B.; Péchy, T. 2010. Unser Ziel ist der Schutz und Erhalt der Ungarischen Wiesenotter! Elaphe 18(3): 22-25. Halpern, B.; Schrettne Major, A.; Pechy, T. 2007. [Operation and first results of the Hungarian meadow viper conservation centre]. pp. 39-62. (In Hungarian). In: Halpern, B. A rakosi vipera vedelme. Tanulmanygyujtemeny. [Studies on the conservation of the Hungarian meadow viper]. [Rosalia No. 3.] Duna-Ipoly Nemzeti Park Igazgatosag, Budapest. 194 pp. Halpern, B.; Toth, C.; Brankovits, D.; Péchy, T.; Major, A. 2010. A rakosi vipera (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis) tenyeszprogram eredmenyei 2004 es 2009 kozott [Results of the captive breeding project of Hungarian meadow viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis)]. (In Hungarian). Allattani Kozlemenyek 95(2): 223-237. Hristov, K.; Russev, G.; Westerstrom, A.; Beshkov, V. 2004. New record of Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte, 1835) in Bulgaria. Historia Naturalis Bulgarica 16: 119-121. Ion, C.; Zamfirescu, S.R.; Strugariu, A. 2011. The potential relationships between predators and Moldavian Meadow vipers (Vipera ursinii moldavica) in eastern Romania. Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii "Al. I. Cuza" din Iasi Sectiunea Biologie Animala 57: 36-42. Janisch, M. 1993. A mutant form of the meadow viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis Mehely) from Hungary with a peculiar colour pattern. Miscellanea Zoologica Hungarica 8: 45-49. Jelic, D.; Ajtic, R.; Sterijovski, B.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.; Lelo, S.; Tomovic, L. 2013. Distribution of the genus Vipera in the western and central Balkans (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetozoa 25(3-4): 109-132. Jelic, D.; Ajtic, R.; Sterijovski, B.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.; Lelo, S.; Tomovic, L. 2013. Legal status and assessment of conservation threats to vipers (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) of the western and central Balkans. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 8(3): 764-770. Kammel, W. 1992. Zur Situation der Wiesenotter, Vipera ursinii rakosiensis (Mehely, 1894) (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae), in Niederösterreich. Herpetozoa 5(1-2): 3-11. Kammel, W. 1992. Zur Situation der Wiesenotter, Vipera ursinii rakosiensis (Mehely, 1894), und der Pannonischen Bergeidechse, Lacerta vivipara pannonica Lac & Kluch, 1968, im Burgenland (Österreich) (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae; Sauria: Lacertidae). Herpetozoa 5(3-4): 109-118. Kammel, W. 2003. Zur aktuellen Situation potenzieller Lebensräume der Wiesenotter, Vipera (ursinii) rakosiensis, in Österreich. ÖGH-Aktuell 12: 7-9. Karaman, S. 1954. Vipera ursinii Bonap., die dritte Giftschlange Südserbiens. Glasnik (Bull.) Soc. Scient. Skoplje 20: 165-166. Katona, K.; Halpern, B.; Demes, T.; Nyeste, M.; Brakovits, D.; Sandor, I. 2007. [Availability of rodents as prey and their burrows as hiding place in the habitats of the Hungarian meadow viper in the Kiskunsag]. pp. 185-194. (In Hungarian). In: Halpern, B. A rakosi vipera vedelme. Tanulmanygyujtemeny. [Studies on the conservation of the Hungarian meadow viper]. [Rosalia No. 3.] Duna-Ipoly Nemzeti Park Igazgatosag, Budapest. 194 pp. Knauer, F. 1908. Die Ursinische viper (Vipera ursinii Bonaparte). Natur und Haus (Stuttgart) 16: 338-341. Knoepffler, L.P.; Sochurek, E. 1955. Neues über die Rassen der Wiesenotter (Vipera ursinii Bonap.). Burgenlandische Heimatblätter 17(4): 185-188. Kopstein, F. 1913. Zur Biologie der Vipera ursinii Bonap. Zoologischer Anzeiger 43: 234-239. Kopstein, F. 1914. Zur Biologie der Vipera ursinii Bonap. Zoologischer Anzeiger 43: 234-239. Korsos, Z.; Ujvari, B. 1998. A rakosreti vipera Kolozsvar kornyeken. [The Hungarian meadow viper in the vicinity of Cluj.] (In Hungarian, English summary). Állattani Közlemenyek 83: 123-128. Korsos, Z.; Ujvari, B.; Torok, Z. 1997. Searching for the meadow viper in Romania. Miscellanea Zoologica Hungarica 11: 77-88. Koshelev, A.; Belashkov, I. 2001. [New authentic case of eating of Steppe viper by pheasant in the Azov-Black Sea region. pp. 167-169]. (In Russian). In: Lobkov, V.A. (ed.). Diversity of animal researches. [Issledovaniya mnogoobraziya zhivotnogo mira]. Nauchnye Trudy Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Odesskogo Natsionalnogo Universiteta T 3. Zoologicheskii Muzei Odesskogo Natsionalnogo Universiteta, Odessa. 214 pp. Kotenko, T.I. 1989. Growth and ecdysis in Vipera ursini. Vestnik Zoologii 1989(3): 55-58. Kramer, E. 1958. Über eine interessante Giftschlange, Vipera ursinii Bonaparte, aus den Abruzzen. Aquar. Nachrichten 5(9): 137, 145-146. Kramer, S. 1961. Variation, Sexualdimorphismus, Wachstum und Taxionomie von Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte, 1835) und Vipera kaznakovi Nikolskij, 1909. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 68: 627-725. Krecsák, L.; Zamfirescu, S. 2001. Ecological situation and morphological characteristics of Vipera ursinii moldavica in the "Valea lui David" Natural Reserve. Russian Journal of Herpetology 8(1): 69-73. Krecsák, L.; Zamfirescu, S.; Korsos, Z. 2003. An updated overview of the distribution of the Moldavian steppe viper (Vipera ursinii moldavica Nilson, Andren et Joger, 1993). Russian Journal of Herpetology 10(3): 199-206. Krecsák, L.; Zamfirescu, S.R. 2008. Vipera (Acridophaga) ursinii in Romania: historical and present distribution. North-Western Journal of Zoology 4(2): 339-359. Kreiner, G. 2006. Vipera ursinii rakosiensis Mehely, 1893 in Rumänien. Projektinformationen und Unterstützungsaufruf zum Erhalt einer vom Aussterben bedrohten Giftschlangenart in Europa. ÖGH-Aktuell 17: 6-7. Lanza, B. 1958. Notizie su due popolazioni insulari di Lacerta muralis e sulla Vipera ursinii in Italia. Annali del Museo Civico de Storia Naturale di Genova 70: 305-322. Larnyi, G. 1983. [Protected vertebrates of Hungary: Vipera ursinii rakosiensis]. (In Hungarian). Buvar 38(3): 121. Luef, H.J. 2014. Die Ungarische Wiesenotter – schon lange geschützt, dennoch stark bedroht. Terraria-Elaphe 2014(47): 22-29. Luiselli, L. 1990. Captive breeding of Vipera ursinii ursinii (Reptilia, Viperidae). British Herpetological Society Bulletin 34: 23-30. Luiselli, L. 2004. Meadow viper, Vipera ursinii, in Italy: aspects of conservation ecology (Reptilia, Viperidae). Italian Journal of Zoology (Modena) 71: 167-172. (Suppl 1). Luiselli, L.; Filippi, E.; Lena, E. di 2007. Ecological relationships between sympatric Vipera aspis and Vipera ursinii in high-altitude habitats of central Italy. Journal of Herpetology 41(3): 378-384. Lyet, A.; Cheylan, M.; Prodon, R.; Besnard, A. 2009. Prescribed fire and conservation of a threatened mountain grassland specialist: a capture-recapture study on the viper in the French alps. Animal Conservation 12(3): 238-248. Makeyev, V.M. 1964. On the biology of Vipera ursini on the Chu-Ili Plateau. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 43: 1726-1727. Mangili, E. 1947. Osservazioni su la riproduzione in cattivita di alcune specie di ofidii Italiani. Acta pont.acad. Scient. 11(20): 235-246. Mate, A.; Palinkas, C.; Videki, R. 2007. [Vegetation changes of Szena-Dulo site near Kunadacs and viper observations since the 18th century]. pp. 143-165. (In Hungarian). In: Halpern, B. A rakosi vipera vedelme. Tanulmanygyujtemeny. [Studies on the conservation of the Hungarian meadow viper]. [Rosalia No. 3.] Duna-Ipoly Nemzeti Park Igazgatosag, Budapest. 194 pp. Mathon, C.C.; Tomaselli, R. 1959. Sur la vipère d'Orsini dans la Montagne de Lure (Basses-Alpes). Bull. mens. Soc. linn. Lyon 28(9): 276-277. Mazuch, T. 2004. Nekolik poznamek ke komplexu zmiji stepnich 'Vipera (Acridophaga) ursinii' s durazem na biologii zmije stepni Vipera renardi renardi Christoph, 1861 v chovu a prirode (2). [Some notes on the complex of steppe snakes 'Vipera (Acridophaga) ursinii' with emphasis on the biology of Renard's Viper Vipera renardi renardi Christoph, 1861 in captivity and in the wild (2).]. (In Czech). Akvarium Terarium 47(4): 63-67. Mehely, L.V. von 1894. Vipera ursinii, Bonap., eine verkannte Giftschlange Europas. Zoologischer Anzeiger 17: 57-61, 65-71, 86-87. Mehely, L.V. von 1895. Magyarorskag kurta kigyoi (Vipera berus, L., es Vipera ursinii, Bonap.). Math. term. Kozlem. Magyar Ak. 26: 373-478. Mizsei, E.; Jablonski, D.; Roussos, S.A.; Dimaki, M.; Ioannidis, Y.; Nilson, G.; Nagy, Z.T. 2017. Nuclear markers support the mitochondrial phylogeny of Vipera ursinii-renardi complex (Squamata: Viperidae) and species status for the Greek meadow viper. Zootaxa 4227(1): 75-88. Mossot, M. 1995. Additif a l'article "Relations entre certaines especes d'orthopteres et la vipere d'Orsini dans les alpes francaises". Biocosme Mesogeen 11(4) [1994]: 331. Mossot, M.; Ewald, P. 1994. Relations entre certaines especes d'orthopteres et la vipere d'Orsini dans les Alpes Francaises (Serpentes Viperidae). Biocosme Mesogeen 11(1): 1-8. Nilson, G.; Andrén, C. 1987. Morphological and phylogenetical considerations of alpine, European and Asiatic Vipera ursinii populations. pp. 293-296. In: van Gelder, J.J., Strijbosch, H. & Bergers, P.J.M. (eds.). Proceedings of the 4th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Faculty of Sciences, Nijmegen. 473 pp. Nilson, G.; Andrén, C. 2001. The meadow and steppe vipers of Europe and Asia: the Vipera (Acridophaga) ursinii complex. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 47(2-3): 87-267. Nilson, G.; Andren, C.; Joger, U. 1993. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of the Moldavian steppe viper based on immunological investigations, with a discussion of the hypothesis of secondary intergradation between Vipera ursinii rakosiensis and Vipera (ursinii) renardi. Amphibia-Reptilia 14: 45-57. Okulova, N.M. 1981. On the biology of Vipera ursini in western Kazakhstan. pp. 93-94. In: Darevsky, I.S., Ananjeva, N.B., Barkagan, Z.S., Borkin, L.Y., Sokolova, T.M. & Shcherbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp. Orsini, P. 1994. Plan de sauvegarde de la vipere d'Orsini. Garrigues 16 (Special Bilan): 5. Orsini, P.; Orsini, Y. 1992. Decouverte de la vipere d'Orsini Vipera ursinii dans le departement du Var. Faune de Provence 13: 73-76. Pechy, T. 2000. A rakosi vipera (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis) helyzete a Duna-Tisza kozen az 1994-1999 kozotti elterjedesi, allomany- es elohelyvizsgalatok tukreben [Status of the Hungarian Meadow Viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis) between the Duna and Tisza rivers based on the distribution, population and habitat studies from 1994 to 1999]. Ornis Hungarica 10(1-2): 237-241. Pechy, T. 2007. [Origins of the Hungarian meadow viper conservation program]. pp. 31-38. (In Hungarian). In: Halpern, B. A rakosi vipera vedelme. Tanulmanygyujtemeny. [Studies on the conservation of the Hungarian meadow viper]. [Rosalia No. 3.] Duna-Ipoly Nemzeti Park Igazgatosag, Budapest. 194 pp. Pechy, T. 2007. [The Hungarian meadow viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis Mehely, 1893)]. pp. 13-23. (In Hungarian). In: Halpern, B. A rakosi vipera vedelme. Tanulmanygyujtemeny. [Studies on the conservation of the Hungarian meadow viper]. [Rosalia No. 3.] Duna-Ipoly Nemzeti Park Igazgatosag, Budapest. 194 pp. Pechy, T.; Halpern, B. 2003. A rakosi vipera (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis) gyoni elohelyen a vizszint alakulasa 1999. november es 2000. majus kozotti idoszakban es ennek feltetelezett hatasa a terulet viperaallomanyara. [Soil water changes at the habitat of the Hungarian Meadow Viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis) and its effects on the viper population of the Gyon habitat]. (In Hungarian, English summary). Termeszetvedelmi Kozlemenyek 10: 93-99. Péchy, T.; Halpern, B. 2010. Mesterseges teleloureg keteltuek es hullok szamara [Artificial burrow for hibernation of amphibians and reptiles]. (In Hungarian). Allattani Kozlemenyek 95(2): 239-252. Péchy, T.; Halpern, B.; Sós, E.; Walzer, C. 2015. Conservation of the Hungarian meadow viper Vipera ursinii rakosiensis. pp. 89–103. In: Zoological Society of London (ed.). International Zoo Yearbook. Vol. 49. Reptile Conservation. Zoological Society of London, London. 442 pp. Penloup, A.; Orsini, P.; Cheylan, M. 1999. Orsini's Viper Vipera ursinii in France: present status and proposals for a conservation plan. pp. 363-369. In: Miaud, C. & Guyetant, R. (eds.). Current studies in herpetology: proceedings of the 9th Ordinardy General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica 25-29 August 1998, Le Bourget du Lac, France. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Le Bourget du Lac, 478 pp. Pickett, J. 1976. Orsini's viper. British Herpetological Society Newsletter 15: 20-21. Pickett, J. 1987. Orsini's viper and CITES. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 19: 37. Rehak, I. 2005. Can we help the Hungarian meadow viper to survive? pp. 171-181. In: Hiddinga, B. (ed.). Proceedings of the EAZA Conference 2004, Kolmarden, 21-25 september 2004. EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. 289 pp. Schmidt, E. 1978. [Vipera ursinii rakosiensis - in danger]. (In Hungarian). Buvar 33(12): 557-558. Schwederski, M.; TRUTNAU, L. 2017. Klimatische Veränderungen bedrohen die Populationen der Wiesenotter Vipera ursinii ursinii Bonaparte, 1835 am Montagne de Lure. Sauria (Berlin) 39(1): 3-16. Sochurek, E. 1951. Aussterbende Giftschlangen. Natur und Land 37(6): 106-107. Sochurek, E. 1955. Unsere Vipern. Entom. Nachr. 2(4): 4-6. Sochurek, E. 1957. Zur Ausrottung der Wiesenotter. Natur und Land 43: 164. Sos, E.; Molnar, V.; Janos, G. 2007. [Veterinary aspects of the Hungarian meadow viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis) conservation project]. pp. 63-68. (In Hungarian). In: Halpern, B. A rakosi vipera vedelme. Tanulmanygyujtemeny. [Studies on the conservation of the Hungarian meadow viper]. [Rosalia No. 3.] Duna-Ipoly Nemzeti Park Igazgatosag, Budapest. 194 pp. Sterijovski, B. 2006. A new record of Vipera ursinii (Reptilia: Serpentes) from Macedonia. pp. 181-182. In: Vences, M.; Köhler, J.; Ziegler, T. & Böhme, W. (eds.). Herpetologia Bonnensis II. Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 27 September - 2 October 2005, Bonn, Germany. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Bonn. 262 pp. Strugariu, A.; Zamfirescu, S.R.; Gherghel, I.; Sahlean, T.C. 2011. Unusual early parturition in temperate region viviparous snakes during the atypically hot summer of 2007. Herpetologica Romanica 5: 43-49. Strugariu, A.; Zamfirescu, S.R.; Gherghel, I.; Sahlean, T.C.; Moraru, V.; Zamfirescu, O. 2011. A preliminary study on population characteristics and ecology of the critically endangered meadow viper Vipera ursinii in the Romanian Danube Delta. Biologia (Bratislava) 66(1): 175-180. Stugren, B. 1955. La vipère de steppe, Vipera ursinii (Bonap.) de Finatele Clujului. Stud. Cercet. Acad. Romane Fil. Cluj 6(1-2): 59-77. Stugren, B. 1961. Les reptiles des relais fluvio-maritimes du delta du Danube (Note preliminaire). Bull. Univ. "V. Babes" si "Bolyai" Cluj. Sci. Sti. nat. (2) 2: 179-185. Stumpel, A.; Podloucky, R.; Corbett, K.; Andren, C.; Bea, A.; Nilson, G.; Oliveira, M.E. 1992. Threatened reptiles in Europe requiring special conservation measures. pp. 25-34. In: Korsos, Z. & Kiss, I. (eds.). Proceedings of the 6th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, 19-23 August 1991, Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 531 pp. Szovenyi, G. 2007. [Spatio-temporal changes of orthopterans and their assemblages living in Hungarian meadow viper's habitats in the Kiskunsag region]. pp. 167-183. (In Hungarian). In: Halpern, B. A rakosi vipera vedelme. Tanulmanygyujtemeny. [Studies on the conservation of the Hungarian meadow viper]. [Rosalia No. 3.] Duna-Ipoly Nemzeti Park Igazgatosag, Budapest. 194 pp. Tabachishina, I.E.; Tabachishin, V.G.; Zavialov, E.V. 2002. The morpho-ecological characteristic of the Meadow Viper (Vipera ursinii) populations in Lower Volga region. Russian Journal of Ecology 2002(1): 76-81. Takacs, Z.; Korsos, Z.; Janisch, M. 1987. Conservation status of the endangered Vipera ursinii rakosiensis in Hungary. pp. 391-394. In: van Gelder, J.J., Strijbosch, H. & Bergers, P.J.M. (eds.). Proceedings of the 4th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Faculty of Sciences, Nijmegen. 473 pp. Tarashchuk, S.V. 1985. Vipera ursinii in the Right Bank Steppe of the Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii 1985(4): 80-81. Tomovic, L.M.; Carretero, M.A.; Ajtic, R.D.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.M. 2008. Evidence for post-natal instability of head scalation in the meadow viper (Vipera ursinii) - patterns and taxonomic implications. Amphibia-Reptilia 29(1): 61-70. Tomovic, L.M.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.M.; Ajtic, R.D. 2004. A preliminary study of the population ecology of Vipera ursinii macrops from eastern Montenegro. Amphibia-Reptilia 25(3): 316-320. Tomovic, L.M.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.M.; Ajtic, R.D.; Aleksic, I.D.; Djordjevic, S.Z. 2010. When do meadow vipers (Vipera ursinii) become sexually dimorphic? - ontogenetic patterns of sexual size dimorphisms. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 48(3): 279-282. Toth, T.; Gal, J.; Ujvari, B.; Madsen, T. 2005. Severe malformation in neonate Vipera ursinii rakosiensis. Amphibia-Reptilia 26(3): 388-390. Ueveges, B.; Halpern, B.; Péchy, T.; Posta, J.; Komlosi, I. 2012. Characteristics and heritability analysis of head scales of the Hungarian meadow viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis, Mehely 1893). Amphibia-Reptilia 33(3-4): 393-400. Ujvári, B.; Korsós, Z. 1999. First observation in situ on the hibernation of the Hungarian Meadow Viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis). pp. 435-438. In: Miaud, C. & Guyetant, R. (eds.). Current studies in herpetology: proceedings of the 9th Ordinardy General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica 25-29 August 1998, Le Bourget du Lac, France. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Le Bourget du Lac, 478 pp. Ujvari, B.; Korsos, Z.; Pechy, T. 2000. Life history, population characteristics and conservation of the Hungarian meadow viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis). Amphibia-Reptilia 21(3): 267-278. Ujvari, B.; Madsen, T.; Kotenko, T.I.; Olsson, M.; Shine, R.; Wittzell, H. 2002. Low genetic diversity threatens imminent extinction for the Hungarian meadow viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis). Biological Conservation 105(1): 127-130. Ujvari, B.; Madsen, T.; Olsson, M. 2005. Discrepancy in mitochondrial and nuclear polymorphism in meadow vipers (Vipera ursinii) questions the unambiguous use of mtDNA in conservation studies. Amphibia-Reptilia 26(3): 287-292. Vancea, S.; Fuhn, I.E.; Borcea, M. 1980. La vipere d'Orsini et la necessite de sa protection. Ocrotirea Naturii 24(1): 49-52. Vancea, S.; Saint Girons, H.; Fuhn, I.E.; Stugren, B. 1985. Systematique et rapartition de Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte, 1835) (Reptilia, Viperidae), en Roumanie. Bijdragen Tot de Dierkunde 55(2): 233-241. Vedmederya, V.I. 1981. [On the subspecies of Vipera ursinii from the USSR steppes]. pp. 29-30. (In Russian). In: Darevsky, I.S., Ananjeva, N.B., Barkagan, Z.S., Borkin, L.Y., Sokolova, T.M. & Shcherbak, N.N. (eds.). The problems of herpetology: abstracts. Nauka, Leningrad. 163 pp. Videki, R.; Mate, A. 2007. [Monitoring of grasslands preferred by Hungarian meadow viper]. pp. 125-142. (In Hungarian). In: Halpern, B. A rakosi vipera vedelme. Tanulmanygyujtemeny. [Studies on the conservation of the Hungarian meadow viper]. [Rosalia No. 3.] Duna-Ipoly Nemzeti Park Igazgatosag, Budapest. 194 pp. Vozenilek, P. 1979. Several notes on the subspecies of Vipera ursinii. Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 4: 29-46. Werner, F. 1929. A harmless viper (Vipera ursinii Bonaparte). Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 3: 77-79. Werner, R.M. 1938. Acridophaga ursinii (Bonaparte) T. Reuss, eine der interessantesten europäischen Giftschlangen, ihre Nomenklatur, Fressakte und Bisswirkung. Aquarium (Berlin) 12: 104-109, 158-159. Woerkom, A. van 1987. Vipera ursinii ursinii - meadow viper. Litteratura Serpentium (English Edition) 7(3): 102-103. Zagorodniuk, L.; Zaika, S. 2009. [New records of rare snake species (Reptilia, Serpentes) in the Lugansk Province (eastern Ukraine)]. (In Ukrainian). Vestnik Zoologii 43(3): 266. Zamfirescu, S.R.; Strugariu, A.; Gherghel, I.; Zamfirescu, O. 2011. Human impact on habitats of the Meadow Viper (Vipera ursinii) in Eastern Romania. Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii "Al. I. Cuza" din Iasi Sectiunea Biologie Animala 57: 43-56. Zamfirescu, S.R.; Strugariu, A.; Zamfirescu, O.; Gherghel, I. 2012. In situ confirmation of the occurrence of the critically endangered Moldavian meadow viper (Vipera ursinii moldavica) in the Ciritei Valley (Iasi county, Romania). North-Western Journal of Zoology 8(2): 378-381. Zamfirescu, S.R.; Zamfirescu, O.; Ion, C.; Popescu, I.E. 2007. Research on the habitats of Vipera ursinii moldavica populations from Iasi County. Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii "Al. I. Cuza" din Iasi Sectiunea Biologie Animala 53: 159-166. Zamfirescu, S.R.; Zamfirescu, O.; Popescu, I.E.; Ion, C. 2009. Preliminary data on the population characteristics of Vipera ursinii moldavica from 'Dealul lui Dumnezeu' (Iasi County, Romania) with notes on conservation. North-Western Journal of Zoology 5(1): 85-96. Zercalov, O.V.; Strunicova, H.V. 1998. Brief description of the diet of pheasant, which inhabits the Kinsburgskaya Kosa region. pp. 185-186, 213. (In Russian, English summary). In: Lobkov, V.A. (ed.). Issledovaniya mnogoobraziya zhivotnogo mira [Diversity of animal researches]. [Nauchnye Trudy Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Odesskogo Natsionalnogo Universiteta T 3.] Zoologicheskii Muzei Odesskogo Natsionalnogo Universiteta, Odessa. 214 pp. Zinenko, O.; Stümpel, N.; Mazanaeva, L.; Bakiev, A.; Shiryaev, K.; Pavlov, A.; Kotenko, T.; Kukushkin, O.; Chikin, Y.; Duisebayeva, T.; Nilson, G.; Orlov, N.L.; Sako, T.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Murphy, R.W.; Joger, U. 2015. Mitochondrial phylogeny shows multiple independent ecological transitions and northern dispersion despite of Pleistocene glaciations in meadow and steppe vipers (Vipera ursinii and Vipera renardi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 85-100. Vipera walser Ghielmi, S.; Menegon, M.; Marsden, S.J.; Laddaga, L.; Ursenbacher, S. 2016. A new vertebrate for Europe: the discovery of a range-restricted relict viper in the western Italian Alps. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 54(3): 161–173. Trapp, B. 2017. Auf der Suche nach einer neubeschriebenen Viper in den italienischen Alpen: Die Piemont-Viper (Vipera walser). Terraria-Elaphe 2017(63): 78-83.