Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update:
October 9th, 2024.
 
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Genus
Xenodon
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Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes
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Falsche Lanzenottern und Südamerikanische Hakennattern
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Nordlige Hugormesnoge og Sydamerikanske Trynesnoge
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1824 |  |
Ophis Wagler in Spix [not Ophis Turton 1807 (Pisces)] (type species: Ophis merremii Wagler 1824) |
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1826 | |
Xenodon Boie (type species: Coluber severus Linnaeus 1758) |
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1826 | |
Rhinostoma Fitzinger [rejected name; ICZN (1964): Opinion 698] (type species: Vipera nasua Wagler 1830, by subsequent designation) |
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1885 | |
Lystrophis Cope (type species: Heterodon dorbignyi Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril 1854; syn. Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto 2009) |
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1893 | |
Acanthophallus Cope (type species: Xenodon colubrinus Günther 1858) |
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1924 | |
Procteria Werner [preoccupied by Procteria Davis 1885 (Coelenterata); type species: Procteria viridis Werner 1924; ; syn. Grazziotin, Zaher, Murphy, Scrocchi, Benavides, Zhang & Bonatto 2012 [by implication]] |
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1972 | |
Waglerophis Romano & Hoge (type species: Ophis merremii Wagler 1824; syn. Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto 2009) |
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1993 | |
Thalesius Ferreira-Yuki (substitute name for Procteria Werner 1924; syn. Grazziotin, Zaher, Murphy, Scrocchi, Benavides, Zhang & Bonatto 2012 [by implication]) |
Contents:
14 species, of which 3 (21.4%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Other common names:
False Fer-de-Lances, False Vipers (Xenodon, s.s.)
South American Hognose Snakes (Lystrophis)
Remarks:
Some authors regard
Thalesius as a synonym of Xenodon.
Lystrophis is sometimes retained as a valid genus (e.g., Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014).
Distribution:
S. Mexico, Central America, South America.
Reported from:
Argentina,
Belize,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Distrito Federal,
Espirito Santo,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Para,
Parana,
Paraiba,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio de Janeiro
[incl.
Ilha Grande Island],
Rio Grande do Norte,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Santa Catarina,
Sao Paulo
[incl.
Sao Sebastiao],
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guatemala,
Guyana,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Campeche,
Chiapas,
Guerrero,
Oaxaca,
Quintana Roo,
Tabasco,
Veracruz),
Nicaragua,
Panama,
Paraguay,
Peru,
Surinam,
Uruguay,
Venezuela.
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Xenodon angustirostris
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Central American Mock Lancehead
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Zentralamerikanische Vipern-Natter
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Centralamerikansk Hugormesnog
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1864 | |
Xenodon angustirostris Peters |
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1940 | |
Xenodon mexicanus Smith (Myers & McDowell 2014, by implication) |
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Xenodon rabdocephalus mexicanus Schmidt 1941 |
Other common names:
mexicanus: Mexican False Fer-de-Lance
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of rabdocephalus (e.g., Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970). Revalidated as a separate species by Myers & McDowell (2014).
Distribution:
Belize,
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Campeche,
Chiapas,
Guerrero,
Oaxaca,
Quintana Roo,
Tabasco,
Veracruz),
Nicaragua,
Panama.
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Xenodon dorbignyi
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Spotted Hognose Snake, South American Hognose Snake
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Gefleckte Hakennatter
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Plettet Trynesnog
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1854 | |
Heterodon Dorbignyi Bibron in Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril |
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1854 | |
Heterodon dorbignyi Duméril, Bibron & Duméril |
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Lystrophis dorbignyi Cope 1885 |
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Xenodon dorbignyi Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto 2009 |
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1994 | |
Lystrophis dorbignyi chacoensis Lema |
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1994 | |
Lystrophis dorbignyi orientalis Lema |
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1994 | |
Lystrophis dorbignyi uruguayensis Lema |
Distribution:
Argentina,
Brazil
(Rio Grande do Sul,
Santa Catarina),
Paraguay,
Uruguay.
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Xenodon guentheri
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Santa Catarina Mock Lancehead
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Santa-Catarina-Vipern-Natter
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Santa Catarina-hugormesnog
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1894 | |
Xenodon guentheri Boulenger |
Distribution:
Brazil
(Parana,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Santa Catarina).
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Xenodon histricus
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Rayed Hognose Snake, (Jan's Hognose Snake)
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Strahlen-Hakennatter
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Stråle-trynesnog
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1863 | |
Heterodon histricus Jan |
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Lystrophis histricus Boulenger 1894 |
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Xenodon histricus Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto 2009 |
Remarks:
Previously included nattereri.
Presence in Sao Paulo (e.g., Zaher, Barbo, Martínez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011) is considered doubtful (Costa & Bérnils 2018).
Distribution:
Argentina,
Brazil
(Mato Grosso do Sul,
Parana,
Rio Grande do Sul),
Paraguay,
Uruguay.
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Xenodon matogrossensis
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Mato Grosso Hognose Snake
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Mato-Grosso-Hakennatter
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Mato Grosso-trynesnog
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1993 | |
Lystrophis matogrossensis Scrocchi & Cruz |
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Xenodon matogrossensis Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto 2009 |
Remarks:
Not mentioned from Bolivia by Pincheira-Donoso (2002).
A record from southern Mato Grosso do Sul (Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010) refer to pulcher
(Cabral, Piatti, Souza, Scrocchi & Ferreira 2015).
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul).
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Xenodon merremii
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Toad-eating Mock Lancehead, Toad-eating Snake, (Wagler's Snake)
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Haubennatter
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Sydamerikansk Tudsesnog
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1824 | |
Ophis Merremii Wagler |
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Xenodon merremii Fitzinger 1826 |
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Waglerophis merremii Romano & Hoge 1972 |
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1827 | |
Xenodon aeneus Boie (status uncertain; Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
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1827 | |
Xenodon ocellatus Boie (status uncertain; Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
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1863 | |
Xenodon irregularis Günther (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
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1906 | |
Trigonocephalus alternatus binocularius Bacqué (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
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1906 | |
Trigonocephalus flavescens Bacqué (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
Remarks:
Hoogmoed (1985) suggested merremi to be absent from Surinam, however, it was included for the country by Abuys (1986d, 2003) with two localities.
Distribution:
Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Distrito Federal,
Espirito Santo,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Para,
Paraiba,
Parana,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio de Janeiro
[incl.
Ilha Grande Island],
Rio Grande do Norte,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Rondonia,
Santa Catarina,
Sao Paulo,
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Paraguay,
Surinam,
Uruguay,
Venezuela.
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Xenodon nattereri
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Banded Hognose Snake
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Gebänderte Hakennatter
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Båndet Trynesnog
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1867 | |
Heterodon nattereri Steindachner |
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Lystrophis nattereri Hoge 1976 |
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Xenodon nattereri Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto 2009 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of histricus (e.g., Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970). Revalidated by Hoge, Cordeiro & Romano (1976).
Distribution:
Brazil
(Bahia,
Distrito Federal,
Goias,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Parana,
Piaui,
Sao Paulo,
Tocantins),
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Xenodon neuwiedii
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East Brazilian Mock Lancehead
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Ostbrasilianische Vipern-Natter
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Østbrasiliansk Hugormesnog
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1863 | |
Xenodon Neuwiedii Günther |
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1922 | |
Xenodon hemileucurus Lutz & Mello (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
Distribution:
Argentina,
Brazil
(Bahia,
Espirito Santo,
Minas Gerais,
Parana,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Santa Catarina,
Sao Paulo
[incl.
Sao Sebastiao]),
Paraguay.
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Xenodon pulcher
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Bolivian Hognose Snake
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Bolivianische Hakennatter
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Boliviansk Trynesnog
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1863 | |
Heterodon pulcher Jan |
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Lystrophis pulcher Scrocchi & Cruz 1993 |
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Xenodon pulcher Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto 2009 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of semicinctus (e.g., Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970).
Revalidated by Scrocchi & Cruz (1993).
Not mentioned for Mato Grosso do Sul by
Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strüssmann, Béda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Ávila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque (2017).
Distribution:
Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Mato Grosso do Sul),
Paraguay.
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Xenodon rabdocephalus
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Common Mock Lancehead, Common False Viper, False Terciopelo
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Gewöhnliche Vipern-Natter
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Almindelig Sydamerikansk Hugormesnog
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1824 | |
Coluber rabdocephalus Wied |
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Xenodon rabdocephalus Fitzinger 1826 |
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1858 | |
Xenodon colubrinus Günther (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
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1885 | |
Xenodon bipraeoculis Cope (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
Remarks:
Previously included angustirostris and suspectus.
Records from Central America and some from Colombia refer to angustirostris (Myers & McDowell 2014).
Not listed for Rio de Janeiro by Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha (2020).
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Espirito Santo,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Para,
Pernambuco,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Sergipe),
Colombia,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Peru,
Surinam,
Venezuela.
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Xenodon semicinctus
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Ringed Hognose Snake, Tri-coloured Hognose Snake
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Ringel-Hakennatter
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Ring-trynesnog
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1854 | |
Heterodon semi-cinctus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril |
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Lystrophis semicinctus Boulenger 1894 |
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Xenodon semicinctus Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto 2009 |
Remarks:
Previously included pulcher. Records from Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, refer to matogrossensis, and from Paraguay
(e.g., Scott & Lovett 1975; Norman 1994; Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) to pulcher (Scrocchi & Cruz 1993;
Cacciali, Scott, Aquino-Ortiz, Fitzgerald & Smith 2016).
Distribution:
Argentina,
Bolivia.
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Xenodon severus
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Giant Mock Lancehead, Giant False Viper, Amazon False Viper
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Riesen-Vipern-Natter
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Kæmpe-hugormesnog
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1758 | |
Coluber severus Linnaeus |
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Xenodon severus Fitzinger 1826 |
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Ophis severus Johnson 1952 |
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1802 | |
Coluber breviceps Shaw (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
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1820 | |
Coluber versicolor Merrem (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
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1824 | |
Coluber saurocephalus Wied (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970) |
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Goias,
Mato Grosso,
Para,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Peru,
Surinam,
Venezuela.
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Xenodon suspectus
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East Peruvian Mock Lancehead
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Ostperuvianische Vipern-Natter
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Østperuviansk Hugormesnog
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1868 | |
Xenodon suspectus Cope |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of rabdocephalus (e.g., Dixon 1983; Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014). Revalidated as a separate species by Myers & McDowell (2014).
Distribution:
Peru.
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Xenodon werneri
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Guiana Green Snake
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Guiana-Grünnatter
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Grøn Guianasnog
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1924 | |
Procteria viridis Werner |
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Thalesius viridis Ferreira-Yuki 1993 |
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1963 | |
Xenodon werneri Eiselt [substitute name for Procteria viridis Werner 1924; not Xenodon viridis Dumeril & Bibron 1854] |
Remarks:
Peters & Orejas-Miranda (1970) did not treat this taxon as a valid species, although citing Eiselt's (1963) paper, in which the author recognized the taxon under
the name Xenodon werneri.
Distribution:
Brazil
(Amapa,
Para),
French Guiana,
Surinam.
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