Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
 
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Genus
Anguis
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Slowworms
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Blindschleichen
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Stålorme
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1758 |  |
Anguis Linnaeus (type species: Anguis fragilis Linnaeus 1758) |
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1831 | |
? Siguana Gray (type species: Siguana ottonis Gray 1831; syn. Wermuth 1969) |
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1839 | |
Dorfia Gray (type species: Dorfia punctata Gray 1839; syn. Wermuth 1969) |
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1840 | |
Otophis Wiegmann [substitute name for Siguana Gray 1831] |
Contents:
5 species, of which 1 (20.0%) is endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
The two species colchica and graeca were revalidated as separate species from fragilis by Gvozdik, Jandzik, Lymberakis, Jablonski & Moravec (2010)
after the two latter forms had been included in fragilis since their first descriptions.
The three species are probably mutually parapatric, but the exact distribution limits of each species still needs to be fully resolved.
There are some doubtful records of fragilis from N. Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunesia) and Israel.
Macey, Schulte, Larson, Tuniyev, Orlov & Papenfuss (1999) presented evidence that
Ophisaurus, as then understood (i.e., incl.
Dopasia,
Hyalosaurus,
Pseudopus), was polyphyletic, and they included all species of these genera in Anguis.
Distribution:
Albania,
Andorra,
Armenia,
Austria,
Azerbaijan,
Belarus,
Belgium,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
Croatia,
Czech Republic,
Denmark,
Estonia,
Finland,
France,
Georgia,
Germany,
Greece
(incl.
Aegean Islands),
Hungary,
Iran,
Italy,
Kazakhstan,
Latvia,
Liechtenstein,
Lithuania,
Luxembourg,
Moldova,
Montenegro,
Netherlands,
North Macedonia,
Norway,
Poland,
Portugal,
Romania,
Russia,
San Marino,
Serbia,
Slovakia,
Slovenia,
Spain,
Sweden,
Switzerland,
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey),
Ukraine,
United Kingdom
(Channel Islands,
England,
Scotland,
Wales).
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Anguis cephallonica
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Peloponnese Slowworm
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Peloponnes-Blindschleiche
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Peloponnesisk Stålorm
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1894 | |
Anguis fragilis var. cephallonica Werner |
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Anguis cephallonicus Gasc (ed.) 1997 |
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1937 | |
Anguis fragilis peloponnesiacus Stepanek (Gasc (ed.) 1997) |
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Anguis peloponnesiacus Mayer, Grillitsch & Cabena 1991 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym or subspecies of fragilis. Revalidated as a separate species (as peloponnesiacus) by Mayer, Grillitsch & Cabena (1991).
Distribution:
Greece
(Ionian Islands
[Cephalonia,
Ithaki,
Lefkas,
Zakynthos],
Peloponnese).
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Anguis cephallonica
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Anguis colchica
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Eastern Slowworm, Colchican Slowworm
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Östliche Blindschleiche
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Østlig Stålorm
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1837 | |
Anguis incerta Krynicki [nomen oblitum] (Gvozdik, Jandzik, Lymberakis, Jablonski & Moravec 2010) |
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Anguis colchica incerta Gvozdik, Jandzik, Lymberakis, Jablonski & Moravec 2010 |
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1840 | |
Otophis eryx var. colchica Nordmann [nomen protectum] (Gvozdik, Jandzik, Lymberakis, Jablonski & Moravec 2010) |
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Anguis fragilis colchicus Stepanek 1937 |
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Anguis colchica Gvozdik, Jandzik, Lymberakis, Jablonski & Moravec 2010 |
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1872 | |
Anguis orientalis Anderson (Gvozdik, Jandzik, Lymberakis, Jablonski & Moravec 2010) |
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Anguis colchica orientalis Gvozdik, Jandzik, Lymberakis, Jablonski & Moravec 2010 |
Remarks:
Previously included in fragilis.
The name incerta was previously regarded as a synonym of A. f. fragilis (e.g., Wermuth 1969).
Although incerta is an older name than colchica (for which reason the former name has nomenclatural priority), colchica is
considered a nomen protectum, due to the prevailing use of this name, whereas incerta is considered a nomen oblitum
(Gvozdik, Jandzik, Lymberakis, Jablonski & Moravec 2010).
Some older records of colchica may refer to graeca.
See further remarks under genus.
Distribution:
Armenia,
Azerbaijan,
Belarus,
Bulgaria,
Czech Republic,
Estonia,
Finland,
Georgia,
Hungary,
Iran,
Kazakhstan,
Latvia,
Lithuania,
Moldova,
North Macedonia,
Poland,
Romania,
Russia,
Serbia,
Slovakia,
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey),
Ukraine.
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Anguis colchica
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Anguis fragilis
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Western European Slowworm, Common European Slowworm
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Westliche Blindschleiche
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Vesteuropæisk Stålorm
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1758 | |
Anguis fragilis Linnaeus |
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1758 | |
Anguis eryx Linnaeus [part] (Wermuth 1969) |
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1768 | |
Anguis clivica Laurenti (Boulenger 1885) |
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1768 | |
Anguis lineata Laurenti (Boulenger 1885) |
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1789 | |
Anguis orvet Lacepede [substitute name for Anguis fragilis Linnaeus 1758] (Wermuth 1969) |
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1825 | |
Anguis gamma Roubieu (Boulenger 1887) |
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1831 | |
? Siguana ottonis Gray (Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1832 | |
Anguis besseri Andrzejowski [nomen rejectum] (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1962): Opinion 642) |
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1832 | |
Anguis vittatus Gravenhorst [nomen nudum] (Schreiber 1875) |
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1837 | |
Anguis fragilis var. albiventris Bonaparte |
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1837 | |
Anguis fragilis var. nigriventris Bonaparte |
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1839 | |
Dorfia punctata Gray (Boulenger 1885) |
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1857 | |
Anguis fragilis var. fusca De Betta |
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1857 | |
Anguis fragilis var. grisea De Betta |
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1857 | |
Anguis fragilis var. lineata De Betta [not Anguis lineata Laurenti 1768?] (Schreiber 1875) |
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1857 | |
Anguis fragilis var. vulgaris De Betta |
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1862 | |
Anguis fragilis var. coeruleo-maculata Jeitteles |
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1868 | |
? Anguis fragilis var. tympanifex Gistel [substitute name for Siguana ottonis Gray 1831] (Wermuth 1969) |
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1888 | |
Anguis fragilis var. caeruleoventris Geisenheiner |
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1888 | |
Anguis fragilis var. cyaneopunctata Geisenheiner |
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1897 | |
Anguis fragilis var. nigra Dürigen |
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1897 | |
Anguis fragilis var. ocellata Dürigen |
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1897 | |
Anguis fragilis var. punctata Dürigen [not Dorfia punctata Gray 1839?] (Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1897 | |
Anguis fragilis var. striolata Dürigen |
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1897 | |
Anguis fragilis var. vittata Dürigen [part] [not Anguis vittatus Gravenhorst 1832?] (Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
Remarks:
Previously included cephallonica, colchica, graeca, and veronensis.
Expected to occur in Lithuania, although not verified at present (Gvozdík, Harca, Hánová, Jablonski, Pupins, Ceirans & Paasikunnas 2021).
There are some doubtful records from N. Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) and Israel (Schleich, Kästle & Kabisch 1996).
See further remarks under genus.
Introduced to:
Republic of Ireland,
United Kingdom
(Channel Islands).
Distribution:
Albania,
Andorra,
Austria,
Belgium,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
Croatia,
Czech Republic,
Denmark,
France,
Germany,
Greece,
Hungary,
Italy,
Latvia,
Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg,
Netherlands,
Norway,
Poland,
Portugal,
Russia,
Serbia,
Slovakia,
Slovenia,
Spain,
Sweden,
Switzerland,
United Kingdom
(Channel Islands,
England,
Scotland,
Wales).
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Anguis fragilis
© Rune Midtgaard
Anguis fragilis
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Anguis graeca
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Greek Slowworm
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Griechische Blindschleiche
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Græsk Stålorm
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1881 | |
Anguis fragilis var. graeca Bedriaga |
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Anguis graeca Gvozdik, Jandzik, Lymberakis, Jablonski & Moravec 2010 |
Remarks:
Previously included in fragilis (e.g., Wermuth 1969).
Distribution:
Albania,
Greece
(incl.
Aegean Islands,
Ionian Islands),
Montenegro,
North Macedonia,
Serbia.
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Anguis graeca
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Anguis veronensis
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Italian Slowworm
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Italienische Blindschleiche
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Italiensk Stålorm
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1818 | |
Anguis veronensis Pollini |
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1826 | |
Anguis cinerea Risso (Reptile Database, viewed 31 Dec 2013) |
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1826 | |
Anguis bicolor Risso (Reptile Database, viewed 31 Dec 2013) |
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1897 | |
Anguis fragilis var. lineomaculata Dürigen [substitute name for Anguis cinerea Risso 1826] |
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1897 | |
Anguis fragilis var. ventrimaculata Dürigen [substitute name for Anguis cinerea Risso 1826] |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Gvozdik, Benkovský, Crottini, Bellati, Moravec, Romano, Sacchi & Jandzik (2013). Previously regarded as a synonym of fragilis, although overlooked by several earlier works (e.g., Mertens & Wermuth 1960).
Distribution:
France,
Italy,
San Marino,
Switzerland.
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Anguis veronensis
© Henrik Bringsøe
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