Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
 
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Genus
Pituophis
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Bullsnakes, Pine Snakes, and Gopher Snakes
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Bullennattern, Kiefernnattern
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Tyresnoge
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1842 |  |
Pituophis Holbrook (type species: Coluber melanoleucus Daudin 1803) |
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1852 | |
Churchillia Baird & Girard (type species: Churchillia bellona Baird & Girard 1852) |
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1883 | |
Anasime Garman (type species: Pituophis mexicanus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril 1854) |
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1891 | |
Epiglottophis Cope (type species: Elaphis deppei Dumeril 1853) |
Contents:
7 species, of which 5 (71.4%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Distribution:
North America, N. Central America.
Reported from:
Canada
(Alberta,
British Columbia,
Saskatchewan),
Guatemala,
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Baja California Norte
[incl.
Isla Cedros,
Islas Coronados
(Isla Coronado Sur)],
Baja California Sur,
Chiapas,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Colima,
Distrito Federal,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Guerrero,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Tamaulipas,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas),
USA
(Alabama,
Arizona,
Arkansas,
California,
Colorado,
Florida,
Georgia,
Idaho,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Minnesota,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
Montana,
Nebraska,
Nevada,
New Jersey,
New Mexico,
North Carolina,
North Dakota,
Oklahoma,
Oregon,
South Carolina,
South Dakota,
Tennessee,
Texas,
Utah,
Virginia,
Washington,
West Virginia,
Wisconsin,
Wyoming).
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Pituophis catenifer
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Gopher Snake
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Westliche Bullennatter
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Vestlig Tyresnog, Nordvestlig Tyresnog (P. c. sayi)
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1835 | |
Coluber catenifer Blainville |
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Pituophis catenifer Baird & Girard 1853 |
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Pituophis melanoleucus catenifer Behler & King 1979 |
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1837 | |
Coluber sayi Schlegel |
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Coronella sayi Holbrook 1842 |
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Ophibolus sayi Baird & Girard 1953 |
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Pituophis sayi Cooper 1860 |
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Pituophis catenifer sayi Klauber 1941 |
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Pituophis melanoleucus sayi Smith & Kennedy 1951 |
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1852 | |
Churchillia bellona Baird & Girard (Schmidt 1953) |
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1852 | |
Pityophis affinis Hallowell |
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Pituophis sayi affinis Stull 1940 |
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Pituophis catenifer affinis Klauber 1941 |
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Pituophis melanoleucus affinis Behler & King 1979 |
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1853 | |
Pituophis annectens Baird & Girard |
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Pituophis catenifer annectens Van Denburgh & Slevin 1919 |
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Pituophis melanoleucus annectans [sic] Behler & King 1979 |
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1853 | |
Pituophis mcclellanii Baird & Girard (Schmidt 1953) |
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1853 | |
Pituophis wilkesii Baird & Girard (Schmidt 1953) |
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1853 | |
Pityophis heermanni Hallowell (Schmidt 1953) |
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1854 | |
Pituophis mexicanus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril (Smith & Taylor 1945) |
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1893 | |
Pituophis catenifer deserticola Stejneger |
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Pituophis melanoleucus deserticola Behler & King 1979 |
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1920 | |
Pituophis catenifer rutilus Van Denburgh (Schmidt 1953) |
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1920 | |
Pituophis catenifer stejnegeri Van Denburgh (Schmidt 1953) |
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1946 | |
Pituophis catenifer coronalis Klauber |
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1946 | |
Pituophis catenifer fuliginatus Klauber |
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1946 | |
Pituophis catenifer pumilus Klauber |
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Pituophis melanoleucus pumilis [sic] Behler & King 1979 |
Other common names:
affinis: Sonoran Gopher Snake
annectens: San Diego Gopher Snake
catenifer: Pacific Gopher Snake
coronalis: Coronado Island Gopher Snake
deserticola: Great Basin Gopher Snake
fulginatus: San Martin Gopher Snake
pumilis: Santa Cruz Gopher Snake
sayi: Bullsnake
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of melanoleucus (e.g., Behler & King 1979). Collins (1991) suggested recognition of catenifer and ruthveni as separate species. This was supported by subsequent studies (e.g., Rodriguez-Robles & Jesus-Escobar 2000) and has been followed by most authors since then (e.g., Crother, Boundy, Burbrink & Campbell in Crother (ed.) 2008). Some authors include vertebralis in catenifer.
Extinct in:
Canada
(British Columbia).
Introduced to:
Mexico
(Veracruz).
Distribution:
Canada
(Alberta,
British Columbia,
Saskatchewan),
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Baja California Norte
[incl.
Islas Coronados
(Isla Coronado Sur)],
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Durango,
Hidalgo,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Tamaulipas,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas),
USA
(Arizona,
Arkansas,
California,
Colorado,
Idaho,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Minnesota,
Missouri,
Montana,
Nebraska,
Nevada,
New Mexico,
North Dakota,
Oklahoma,
Oregon,
South Dakota,
Texas,
Utah,
Washington,
Wisconsin,
Wyoming).
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Pituophis catenifer
© Rune Midtgaard
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Pituophis deppei
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Mexican Bullsnake, (Deppe's Gopher Snake)
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Mexikanische Kiefernnatter
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Mexicansk Tyresnog
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1853 | |
Elaphis deppei Dumeril |
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Pituophis deppei Stull 1932 |
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1853 | |
Elaphis pleurostictus Duméril (Smith & Taylor 1945) |
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1860 | |
Arizona jani Cope |
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Pituophis deppei jani Stull 1932 |
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1863 | |
Pituophis Deppei pholidostictus Jan (Smith & Taylor 1945) |
Other common names:
deppei: Common Mexican Bullsnake
jani: Northern Mexican Pine Snake, Queretaro Bull Snake, (Jan's Bullsnake)
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Colima,
Distrito Federal,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Tamaulipas,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas).
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Pituophis insulanus
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Cedros Island Gopher Snake
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Cedros-Bullennatter
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Cedros-tyresnog
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1946 | |
Pituophis catenifer insulanus Klauber |
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Pituophis insulanus Grismer 2002 |
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Pituophis insularis [lapsus] Flores-Villela & Marquez 2004 |
Remarks:
Although validity as a separate species was questioned by Rodriguez-Robles & Jesus-Escobar (2000), it has subsequently been retained as such (e.g., Grismer 2001, 2002).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte:
Isla Cedros).
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Pituophis lineaticollis
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Middle American Gopher Snake
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Zentralamerikanische Bullennatter
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Centralamerikansk Tyresnog
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1861 | |
Arizona lineaticollis Cope |
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Pituophis lineaticollis Günther 1894 |
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Pituophis deppei lineaticollis Smith 1943 |
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1947 | |
Pituophis deppei brevilineata Schmidt & Shannon (Duellman 1960) |
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1954 | |
Pituophis deppei gibsoni Stuart |
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Pituophis lineaticollis gibsoni Duellman 1960 |
Other common names:
gibsoni: Gibson's Gopher Snake
lineaticollis: Cope's Gopher Snake
Remarks:
Both forms (lineaticollis, gibsoni) were treated as a subspecies of deppei by Smith & Smith (1976).
Reported from Jalisco by Ponce-Campos & Ustach (2004), followed(?) by Chávez-Avila, Casas-Andreu, García-Aguayo, Cifuentes-Lemus & Cupul-Magaña (2015), however,
this record was rejected by Reyes-Velasco, Grünwald, Jones, Price & Fisher (2012).
Subsequently, Cavazos-Camacho & Ahumada-Carillo (2020) confirmed the presence of the species in the state.
Distribution:
Guatemala,
Mexico
(Chiapas,
Distrito Federal,
Guerrero,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Veracruz).
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Pituophis melanoleucus
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Common Pine Snake
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Gewöhnliche Kiefernnatter
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Østlig Tyresnog, Nordøstlig Tyresnog (P. m. melanoleucus), Floridatyresnog (P. m. mugitus), Sort Tyresnog (P. m. lodingi)
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1803 | |
Coluber melanoleucus Daudin |
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Pituophis melanoleucus Holbrook 1842 |
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1921 | |
Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus Barbour |
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1924 | |
Pituophis lodingi Blanchard |
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Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi Stull 1940 |
Other common names:
lodingi: Black Pine Snake
melanoleucus: Northern Pine Snake
mugitus: Florida Pine Snake
Remarks:
Previously included catenifer and ruthveni.
A record from Michoacan (Alvarez & Diaz-Pardo 1983) was based on a misidentified
Symphimus leucostomus (Sweet & Parker 1990).
Previously reported from Maryland, but presence in the state needs confirmation (Harris 1975).
Introduced to:
South Africa
(KwaZulu-Natal).
Distribution:
USA
(Alabama,
Arkansas,
Florida,
Georgia,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Mississippi,
New Jersey,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Tennessee,
Virginia,
West Virginia).
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Pituophis melanoleucus
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Pituophis ruthveni
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Louisiana Pine Snake
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Louisiana-Kiefernnatter
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Louisiana-tyresnog
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1929 | |
Pituophis melanoleucus ruthveni Stull |
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Pituophis ruthveni Conant 1956 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of melanoleucus (e.g., Behler & King 1979). Collins (1991) suggested recognition of ruthveni, along with catenifer, as separate species, but already Conant (1956) treated ruthveni as such. This arrangement was supported by Reichling (1995) and followed by most subsequent authors (e.g., Crother, Boundy, Burbrink & Campbell in Crother (ed.) 2008).
Introduced to:
USA
(Florida).
Distribution:
USA
(Louisiana,
Texas).
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Pituophis ruthveni
© Rune Midtgaard
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Pituophis vertebralis
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Cape Gopher Snake, San Lucan Gopher Snake
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Kap-Bullennatter
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Kap-tyresnog
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1835 | |
Coluber vertebralis Blainville |
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Rhinechis vertebralis Duméril 1853 |
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Pituophis vertebralis Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854 |
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Pituophis catenifer vertebralis Garman 1884 |
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Pituophis melanoleucus vertebralis Stebbins 1985 |
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1946 | |
Pituophis catenifer bimaris Klauber |
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Pituophis melanoleucus bimaris Stebbins 1985 |
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Pituophis vertebralis bimaris Liner 2007 |
Other common names:
bimaris: Central Baja California Gopher Snake
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Grismer (1994). Although the validity was questioned by Rodriguez-Robles & Jesus-Escobar (2000), it has subsequently been retained as a valid species (e.g., Grismer 2001, 2002). Validity confirmed by Pyron & Burbrink (2009a).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte,
Baja California Sur).
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