Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
 
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Genus
Trimorphodon
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Lyre Snakes
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Leiernattern, Lyra-Schlangen
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Lyresnoge
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1861 |  |
Trimorphodon Cope (type species: Lycodon lyrophanes Cope 1860) |
Contents:
7 species, of which 2 (28.6%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Distribution:
SW. USA, Mexico, Central America.
Reported from:
Costa Rica,
El Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Baja California Norte,
Baja California Sur
[incl.
Isla Cerralvo],
Chiapas,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Colima,
Distrito Federal,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Guerrero,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Tamaulipas,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas),
Nicaragua,
USA
(Arizona,
California,
Nevada,
New Mexico,
Texas,
Utah).
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Trimorphodon biscutatus
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Western Lyre Snake, Oaxaca Lyre Snake, (Common Lyre Snake)
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Westliche Leiernatter
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Vestlig Lyresnog
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1854 | |
Dipsas biscutata Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril |
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Dipsadomorphus biscutatus Günther 1858 |
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Trimorphodon biscutatus Cope 1861 |
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Eteirodipsas biscutata Jan 1863 |
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Sibon biscutatum Garman 1884 |
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1869 | |
Trimorphodon major Cope (Smith & Taylor 1945) |
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1943 | |
Trimorphodon biscutatus semirutus Smith (Duellman 1954) |
Remarks:
Previously included lambda, lyrophanes, paucimaculatus, quadruplex, and vilkinsonii. Erroneously recorded from Panama (Boulenger 1896) and Durango (Mexico) by Morafka (1977). The latter record was based on a misidentified tau (Scott & McDiarmid 1984). Records from Costa Rica refer to quadruplex (Savage & Bolaños 2009).
Distribution:
Guatemala,
Mexico
(Chiapas,
Colima,
Guerrero,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Sinaloa,
Veracruz),
USA
(Arizona).
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Trimorphodon lambda
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Sonoran Lyre Snake
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Sonora-Leiernatter
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Sonora-lyresnog
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1886 | |
Trimorphodon lambda Cope |
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Trimorphodon lyrophanes lambda Klauber 1940 |
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Trimorphodon biscutatus lambda Gehlbach 1971 |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Devitt, LaDuc & McGuire (2008), although others have also treated it as such (e.g., Hardy & McDiarmid 1969).
Not mentioned for Chihuahua by Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Woolrich-Piña & Cruz (2017).
Devitt, LaDuc & McGuire (2008) listed lyrophanes as occurring in Tiburon Island, whereas Ramírez-Bautista, Pérez-Ramos & Uribe-Peña (1989) listed lambda as the species occurring in
this island.
It seems unlikely that both species are found there, and the former authors make no mention of this either.
Lemos-Espinal, Smith & Rorabaugh (2019) listed only lambda as occurring in Sonora, for which reason the Tiburon population herein is regarded as representing lambda.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Chihuahua,
Sinaloa,
Sonora
[incl.
Tiburon]),
USA
(Arizona,
California,
Nevada,
New Mexico,
Utah).
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Trimorphodon lyrophanes
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Peninsular Lyre Snake
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Niederkalifornische Leiernatter
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Baja California-lyresnog
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1860 | |
Lycodon lyrophanes Cope |
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Trimorphodon lyrophanes Cope 1861 |
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Lycognathus lyrophanes Cochran 1961 |
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Trimorphodon biscutatus lyrophanes Gehlbach 1971 |
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1924 | |
Trimorphodon vandenburghi Klauber (Grismer, McGuire & Hollingsworth 1994) |
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Trimorphodon biscutatus vandenburghi Gehlbach 1971 |
Other common names:
lyrophanes: Baja California Lyre Snake
vandenburghi: California Lyre Snake
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Devitt, LaDuc & McGuire (2008).
These authors listed lyrophanes as occurring in Tiburon Island, Sonora, whereas Ramírez-Bautista, Pérez-Ramos & Uribe-Peña (1989) listed lambda as the species occurring in this island.
It seems unlikely that both species occur there, and the former authors make no mention of this either.
Lemos-Espinal, Smith & Rorabaugh (2019) listed only lambda as occurring in Sonora, for which reason the Tiburon population herein is regarded as representing lambda.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte,
Baja California Sur
[incl.
Isla Cerralvo]),
USA
(Arizona,
California).
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Trimorphodon paucimaculatus
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Sinaloan Lyre Snake
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Sinaloa-Leiernatter
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Sinaloa-lyresnog
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1936 | |
Trimorphodon paucimaculatus Taylor |
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Trimorphodon lambda paucimaculata Fugler & Dixon 1961 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of biscutatus (e.g., Gehlbach 1971; Scott & McDiarmid 1984). Revalidated as a separate species by Devitt, LaDuc & McGuire (2008).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Jalisco,
Nayarit,
Sinaloa,
Zacatecas).
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Trimorphodon quadruplex
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Central American Lyre Snake, Nicaraguan Lyre Snake
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Zentralamerikanische Leiernatter
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Centralamerikansk Lyresnog
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1941 | |
Trimorphodon biscutatus quadruplex Smith |
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Trimorphodon quadruplex Devitt, LaDuc & McGuire 2008 |
Distribution:
Costa Rica,
El Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Nicaragua.
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Trimorphodon quadruplex
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Trimorphodon tau
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Mexican Lyre Snake, Collared Lyre Snake
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Mexicanische Leiernatter
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Mexicansk Lyresnog
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1869 | |
Trimorphodon tau Cope |
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1869 | |
Dipsas biscutata latifascia Peters (Liner 1994) |
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Trimorphodon latifascia Taylor 1939 |
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Trimorphodon tau latifascia McDiarmid & Scott 1970 |
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Trimorphodon tau latifascia Liner 1994 |
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1869 | |
Trimorphodon upsilon Cope (Smith & Darling 1952) |
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Sibon upsilon Garman 1883 |
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Trimorphodon tau upsilon Smith & Darling 1952 |
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1876 | |
Trimorphodon collaris Cope (Scott & McDiarmid 1984) |
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Trimorphodon upsilon collaris Mocquard 1908 |
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1941 | |
Trimorphodon fasciolata Smith (Scott & McDiarmid 1984) |
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1941 | |
Trimorphodon forbesi Smith (Scott & McDiarmid 1984) |
Other common names:
latifascia: Black-headed Lyre Snake
tau: Common Mexican Lyre Snake
Remarks:
Presence in Distrito Federal not considered verified by Lemos-Espinal & Smith (2020).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Chihuahua,
Colima,
Distrito Federal,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Guerrero,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Tamaulipas,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas).
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Trimorphodon vilkinsonii
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Chihuahua Lyresnake, Chihuahua Desert Lyresnake, Texas Lyre Snake
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Chihuahua-Leiernatter
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Chihuahua-lyresnog
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1886 | |
Trimorphodon vilkinsonii Cope |
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Trimorphodon biscutatus vilkinsoni Gehlbach 1971 |
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Trimorphodon lambda vilkinsoni Werler & Dixon 2000 |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by LaDuc & Johnson (2003).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Chihuahua,
Coahuila),
USA
(New Mexico,
Texas).
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