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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.


Taxonomy of the family Colubridae
Bibliography of the genus Trimorphodon
Biodiversity of the family Colubridae








Genus
Trimorphodon

Lyre Snakes

Leiernattern, Lyra-Schlangen

Lyresnoge

1861 Trimorphodon Cope (type species: Lycodon lyrophanes Cope 1860)
Contents: 7 species, of which 2 (28.6%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0% 100%
Distribution: SW. USA, Mexico, Central America.
Reported from: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur [incl. Isla Cerralvo], Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas), Nicaragua, USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah).

Trimorphodon biscutatus

Western Lyre Snake, Oaxaca Lyre Snake, (Common Lyre Snake)

Westliche Leiernatter

Vestlig Lyresnog

1854 Dipsas biscutata Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril
Dipsadomorphus biscutatus Günther 1858
Trimorphodon biscutatus Cope 1861
Eteirodipsas biscutata Jan 1863
Sibon biscutatum Garman 1884
1869 Trimorphodon major Cope (Smith & Taylor 1945)
1943 Trimorphodon biscutatus semirutus Smith (Duellman 1954)

Remarks: Previously included lambda, lyrophanes, paucimaculatus, quadruplex, and vilkinsonii. Erroneously recorded from Panama (Boulenger 1896) and Durango (Mexico) by Morafka (1977). The latter record was based on a misidentified tau (Scott & McDiarmid 1984). Records from Costa Rica refer to quadruplex (Savage & Bolaños 2009).
Distribution: Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Veracruz), USA (Arizona).


Trimorphodon lambda

Sonoran Lyre Snake

Sonora-Leiernatter

Sonora-lyresnog

1886 Trimorphodon lambda Cope
Trimorphodon lyrophanes lambda Klauber 1940
Trimorphodon biscutatus lambda Gehlbach 1971

Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Devitt, LaDuc & McGuire (2008), although others have also treated it as such (e.g., Hardy & McDiarmid 1969). Not mentioned for Chihuahua by Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Woolrich-Piña & Cruz (2017). Devitt, LaDuc & McGuire (2008) listed lyrophanes as occurring in Tiburon Island, whereas Ramírez-Bautista, Pérez-Ramos & Uribe-Peña (1989) listed lambda as the species occurring in this island. It seems unlikely that both species are found there, and the former authors make no mention of this either. Lemos-Espinal, Smith & Rorabaugh (2019) listed only lambda as occurring in Sonora, for which reason the Tiburon population herein is regarded as representing lambda.
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Sonora [incl. Tiburon]), USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah).


Trimorphodon lyrophanes

Peninsular Lyre Snake

Niederkalifornische Leiernatter

Baja California-lyresnog

1860 Lycodon lyrophanes Cope
Trimorphodon lyrophanes Cope 1861
Lycognathus lyrophanes Cochran 1961
Trimorphodon biscutatus lyrophanes Gehlbach 1971
1924 Trimorphodon vandenburghi Klauber (Grismer, McGuire & Hollingsworth 1994)
Trimorphodon biscutatus vandenburghi Gehlbach 1971

Other common names:
lyrophanes: Baja California Lyre Snake
vandenburghi: California Lyre Snake
Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Devitt, LaDuc & McGuire (2008). These authors listed lyrophanes as occurring in Tiburon Island, Sonora, whereas Ramírez-Bautista, Pérez-Ramos & Uribe-Peña (1989) listed lambda as the species occurring in this island. It seems unlikely that both species occur there, and the former authors make no mention of this either. Lemos-Espinal, Smith & Rorabaugh (2019) listed only lambda as occurring in Sonora, for which reason the Tiburon population herein is regarded as representing lambda.
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur [incl. Isla Cerralvo]), USA (Arizona, California).


Trimorphodon paucimaculatus

Sinaloan Lyre Snake

Sinaloa-Leiernatter

Sinaloa-lyresnog

1936 Trimorphodon paucimaculatus Taylor
Trimorphodon lambda paucimaculata Fugler & Dixon 1961

Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of biscutatus (e.g., Gehlbach 1971; Scott & McDiarmid 1984). Revalidated as a separate species by Devitt, LaDuc & McGuire (2008).
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Zacatecas).


Trimorphodon quadruplex

Central American Lyre Snake, Nicaraguan Lyre Snake

Zentralamerikanische Leiernatter

Centralamerikansk Lyresnog

1941 Trimorphodon biscutatus quadruplex Smith
Trimorphodon quadruplex Devitt, LaDuc & McGuire 2008

Distribution: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua.


Trimorphodon quadruplex
© Henrik Bringsøe

Trimorphodon tau

Mexican Lyre Snake, Collared Lyre Snake

Mexicanische Leiernatter

Mexicansk Lyresnog

1869 Trimorphodon tau Cope
1869 Dipsas biscutata latifascia Peters (Liner 1994)
Trimorphodon latifascia Taylor 1939
Trimorphodon tau latifascia McDiarmid & Scott 1970
Trimorphodon tau latifascia Liner 1994
1869 Trimorphodon upsilon Cope (Smith & Darling 1952)
Sibon upsilon Garman 1883
Trimorphodon tau upsilon Smith & Darling 1952
1876 Trimorphodon collaris Cope (Scott & McDiarmid 1984)
Trimorphodon upsilon collaris Mocquard 1908
1941 Trimorphodon fasciolata Smith (Scott & McDiarmid 1984)
1941 Trimorphodon forbesi Smith (Scott & McDiarmid 1984)

Other common names:
latifascia: Black-headed Lyre Snake
tau: Common Mexican Lyre Snake
Remarks: Presence in Distrito Federal not considered verified by Lemos-Espinal & Smith (2020).
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Colima, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas).


Trimorphodon vilkinsonii

Chihuahua Lyresnake, Chihuahua Desert Lyresnake, Texas Lyre Snake

Chihuahua-Leiernatter

Chihuahua-lyresnog

1886 Trimorphodon vilkinsonii Cope
Trimorphodon biscutatus vilkinsoni Gehlbach 1971
Trimorphodon lambda vilkinsoni Werler & Dixon 2000

Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by LaDuc & Johnson (2003).
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila), USA (New Mexico, Texas).