Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk). Latest update: August 27th, 2024. Taxonomy of the family Phrynosomatidae Bibliography of the genus Sceloporus Biodiversity of the family Phrynosomatidae Genus Sceloporus Northern Spiny Lizards, Fence Lizards, Swift Lizards, Swifts Stachelleguane, Stachelschuppenleguane Tornleguaner 1817 Tropidolepis Cuvier (type species: Stellio undulatus Bosc & Daudin in Sonnini & Latreille 1801; syn. Smith & Taylor 1950) 1828 Sceloporus Wiegmann (type species: Sceloporus torquatus Wiegmann 1828) 1832 Lopherpes Rafinesque (type species: Lopherpes dicyanelus Rafinesque 1832; syn. Schmidt 1953) 1888 Lysoptychus Cope (type species: Lysoptychus lateralis Cope 1888; syn. Cole 1978) 1919 Sator Dickerson (type species: Sator grandaevus Dickerson 1919; syn. Wiens & Reeder 1997) Contents: 121 species, of which 87 (71.9%) are endemic. Endemism: 0% 100% Remarks: The nominal genus Sator has been regarded as a synonym of Sceloporus by several authors (e.g., Wyles & Gorman 1978; Queiroz 1982; Etheridge & Queiroz 1988; Frost & Etheridge 1989; Wiens & Reeder 1997), however, several others have retained it as a valid genus (Wiens 1993a; Schulte, Macey, Larson & Papenfuss 1998). Larsen & Tanner (1975) recognized Lysoptychus as a valid genus, but this was rejected by Cole (1978). Distribution: USA, Mexico, Central America. Reported from: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte [incl. Isla Cedros], Baja California Sur [incl. Isla Cerralvo, Isla Santa Catalina], Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo [incl. Cozumel], San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora [incl. Isla San Pedro Nolasco], Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas), Nicaragua, Panama, USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California [incl. Channel Islands], Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wyoming). Sceloporus acanthinus Guatemalan Rough Spiny Lizard, (Bocourt's Spiny Lizard) Guatemalischer Rauhschuppiger Stachelleguan Guatemalansk Ruskællet Tornleguan 1873 Sceloporus acanthinus Bocourt Sceloporus malachiticus acanthinus Smith 1942 1918 Sceloporus guentheri Stejneger (Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970) Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Stuart (1971). Records from El Salvador (e.g., Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970; Smith, Chiszar & Humphrey 2001) have been regarded as doubtful (Köhler & Heimes 2002). Köhler, Veselý & Greenbaum (2006) treated all records of acanthinus from El Salvador as malachiticus, apparently followed by Greenbaum & Komar (2010). Distribution: Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas). Sceloporus adleri Asoleadero Spiny Lizard, (Adler's Spiny Lizard) Asoleadero-Stachelleguan Asoleadero-tornleguan 1974 Sceloporus adleri Smith Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero). Sceloporus aeneus Southern Bunchgrass Lizard, Black-bellied Bunchgrass Lizard Südlicher Gras-stachelleguan Sydlig Græstornleguan 1828 Sceloporus aeneus Wiegmann Remarks: Previously included bicanthalis, subniger, and the populations now assigned to dixoni and hesperus. Some older records from Jalisco refer to hesperus (Bryson, Grummer, Connors, Tirpak, McCormack & Klicka 2021). Distribution: Mexico (Distrito Federal, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla, Queretaro, Tlaxcala, Veracruz). Sceloporus albiventris Western White-bellied Spiny Lizard, White-bellied Spiny Lizard, White-bellied Rough Spiny Lizard Westlicher Weissbauch-Stachelleguan Vestlig Hvidbuget Tornleguan 1939 Sceloporus horridus albiventris Smith Sceloporus albiventris Lemos-Espinal, Smith & Chiszar 2006 Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora). Sceloporus anahuacus Anahuacan Bunchgrass Lizard, Anahuacan Graphic Lizard Anahuaca-Gras-stachelleguan Anahuaca-græstornleguan 1983 Sceloporus anahuacus Lara-Gongora Remarks: Sites, Camarillo, Gonzalez, Mendoza, Javier, Manzilla & Lara-Gongora (1988) questioned the validity of anahuacus, however Flores-Villela (1993) noted that the species is valid, referring to as yet unpublished material. Distribution: Mexico (Distrito Federal, Mexico State). Sceloporus angustus Santa Cruz Island Spiny Lizard, (Santa Cruz Island Sator) Santa Cruz-Stachelleguan Santa Cruz-tornleguan 1919 Sator angustus Dickerson Sceloporus angustus Wiens & Reeder 1997 Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur). Sceloporus arenicolus Dunes Sagebrush Lizard, Sand Dune Lizard Sand-Stachelleguan Sand-tornleguan 1972 Sceloporus graciosus arenicolus Degenhardt & Jones Sceloporus arenicolous Collins 1991 Remarks: The phylogenetic analysis of Wiens & Reeder (1997) supported the specific recognition of arenicolous suggested by Collins (1991). Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Texas). Sceloporus asper Asperous Spiny Lizard, (Boulenger's Scaly Lizard) Rauhschuppiger Stachelleguan Ru Tornleguan 1897 Sceloporus asper Boulenger 1897 Sceloporus obscurus Van Denburgh (Smith & Taylor 1950) Remarks: Not listed for Colima by Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Pierce & Painter (2020), although reported by Pérez-Ramos & Saldaña-de La Riva (2008). Presence in the state confirmed by Reyes-Velasco, Grünwald, Jones & Ahumada-Carrillo (2020). Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit). Sceloporus aurantius Southern Occidental Bunchgrass Lizard Orangestreifen-Stachelleguan Orangestribet Tornleguan 2014 Sceloporus aurantius Grummer & Bryson Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Jalisco, Zacatecas). Sceloporus aureolus Eastern Crevice Spiny Lizard, Eastern Cleft Spiny Lizard Östlicher Spalten-Stachelleguan Østlig Spaltetornleguan 1936 Sceloporus mucronatus aureolus Smith Sceloporus aureolus Martinez-Mendez & Mendez de la Cruz 2007 Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz). Sceloporus becki Island Fence Lizard Channel Islands-Zaunleguan Channel Islands-tornleguan 1905 Sceloporus becki Van Denburgh Sceloporus occidentalis becki Grinnell & Camp 1917 Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Bell (2001). Wiens & Reeder (1997) had already suggested that becki deserves species status. Distribution: USA (California: Channel Islands). Sceloporus bicanthalis Transvolcanic Bunchgrass Lizard Transvulkanischer Stachelleguan Transvulkansk Tornleguan 1937 Sceloporus aeneus bicanthalis Smith Sceloporus bicanthalis Guillette & Smith 1985 Remarks: Not listed for Distrito Federal by Lemos-Espinal & Smith (2020). Distribution: Mexico (Distrito Federal, Hidalgo, Mexico State, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz). Sceloporus bimaculosus Twin-spotted Spiny Lizard, (Desert Spiny Lizard) Zweiflecken-Stachelleguan Dobbeltplettet Tornleguan 1955 Sceloporus magister bimaculosus Phelan & Brattstrom Sceloporus bimaculosus Schulte, Macey & Papenfuss 2006 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of magister. Recognized as a separate species by Schulte, Macey & Papenfuss (2006), followed by others (e.g., Enderson & Bezy 2010), although Leaché & Mulcahy (2007) presented evidence in support of treating the two taxa as conspecific, followed by some authors (e.g., Wilson, Mata-Silva & Johnson 2013; Lazcano, Nevárez-de los Reyes, García-Padilla, Johnson, Mata-Silva, DeSantis & Wilson 2019). Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango), USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas). Sceloporus binocularis Nuevo Leon Torquate Spiny Lizard, Nuevo Leon Crevice Swift Nuevo-Leon-Stachelleguan Nuevo Leon-tornleguan 1936 Sceloporus binocularis Dunn Sceloporus ferrariperezi binocularis Smith 1939 Sceloporus torquatus binocularis Liner 1994 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of torquatus (e.g., Smith & Taylor 1950). Revalidated as a separate species by Campillo-García, Flores-Villela, Butler, Velasco Vinasco & Ramírez Corona (2021). Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon). Sceloporus brownorum Durango Bunchgrass Lizard, (Brown's Bunchgrass Lizard) Durango-Gras-stachelleguan Durango-græstornleguan 1997 Sceloporus scalaris brownorum Smith, Watkins-Colwell, Lemos-Espinal & Chiszar Sceloporus brownorum Grummer & Bryson 2014 Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Durango, Jalisco, Zacatecas). Sceloporus bulleri Jaliscan Spiny Lizard, (Buller's Scaly Lizard) Jalisco-Stachelleguan Jalisco-tornleguan 1894 Sceloporus bulleri Boulenger Remarks: Records from Michoacan (e.g., Duellman 1965) and adjacent Jalisco refer to insignis (Webb 1967), however, it was still listed for Michoacan by Alvarado-Díaz, Suazo-Ortuño, Wilson & Medina-Aguilar (2013). Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa). Sceloporus caeruleus Blue Ornate Spiny Lizard Blaue Pracht-Stachelleguan Blå Pragttornleguan 1936 Sceloporus ornatus caeruleus Smith Sceloporus caeruleus Martinez-Mendez & Mendez de la Cruz 2007 Remarks: Sometimes regarded as a subspecies of ornatus (e.g., Lemos-Espinal & Smith 2007). Lazcano, Nevárez-de los Reyes, García-Padilla, Johnson, Mata-Silva, DeSantis & Wilson (2019) did not mention caeruleus for Coahuila, presumably regarding it as a synonym of ornatus. Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila). Sceloporus carinatus Keeled Spiny Lizard Gekielter Stachelleguan Kølskællet Tornleguan 1936 Sceloporus carinatus Smith Distribution: Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca). Sceloporus cautus Shy Spiny Lizard, Wary Spiny Lizard Scheuer Stachelleguan Sky Tornleguan 1938 Sceloporus cautus Smith Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas). Sceloporus chaneyi Peña Nevada Spiny Lizard, (Chaney's Spiny Lizard, Chaney's Bunchgrass Lizard) Peña Nevada-Stachelleguan Peña Nevada-tornleguan 1992 Sceloporus chaneyi Liner & Dixon Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas). Sceloporus chrysostictus Yellow-spotted Spiny Lizard, Yucatan Spiny Lizard Gelbfleckiger Stachelleguan Gulplettet Tornleguan 1867 Sceloporus chrysostictus Cope Distribution: Belize, Guatemala, Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Yucatan). Sceloporus clarkii Southwestern Spiny Lizard, (Clark's Spiny Lizard) Clarks Stachelleguan Sydvestlig Tornleguan, (Clarks Tornleguan) 1852 Sceloporus clarkii Baird & Girard 1893 Sceloporus boulengeri Stejneger (Smith & Taylor 1950) Sceloporus clarkii boulengeri Burt 1935 1954 Sceloporus clarki vallaris Shannon & Urbana 1959 Sceloporus clarkii uriquensis Tanner & Robison Other common names: boulengeri: Southern Clark's Spiny Lizard, Stejneger's Spiny Lizard clarki: Sonoran Spiny Lizard uriquensis: El Fuerte Basin Spiny Lizard vallaris: Plateau Spiny Lizard Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora [incl. Isla San Pedro Nolasco], Zacatecas), USA (Arizona, New Mexico). Sceloporus consobrinus Prairie Lizard Prärie-Stachelleguan Prærie-tornleguan 1853 Sceloporus consobrinus Baird & Girard Sceloporus undulatus consobrinus Cope 1900 1882 Sceloporus garmani Boulenger (Leaché & Reeder 2002) Sceloporus undulatus garmani Smith 1938 1992 Sceloporus undulatus tedbrowni Smith, Bell, Applegarth & Chiszar (Leaché & Reeder 2002) Other common names: consobrinus: Southern Prairie Lizard garmani: Northern Prairie Lizard tedbrowni: Mescalero Sand Dunes Prairie Lizard Remarks: Now restricted to USA, Mexican records of consobrinus refer to other species (Leaché 2009; Nevárez-de los Reyes, Lazcano, García-Padilla, Mata-Silva, Johnson & Wilson 2016). This species corresponds to part of the "central clade" of Leaché & Reeder (2002), which contains populations previously included in the subspecies consobrinus, erythrocheilus, garmani, hyacinthinus, tedbrowni, tristichus, and undulatus of the formerly more wide-ranging species undulatus. As with other members of the undulatus complex, the population boundaries of this species is currently defined by genetic data, which do not always agree with traditional concepts of taxonomy based on morphological or ecological variation (Jones & Lovich [eds.] 2009). Genetic research is still needed to clarify the exact limits of distribution of this species. Records from Nuevo Leon refer to cowlesi (Nevárez-de los Reyes, Lazcano, García-Padilla, Mata-Silva, Johnson & Wilson 2016). Records from Durango and Zacatecas refer to edbelli, according to Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Ballinger, Smith & Chiszar (1998, as belli), however, the status of these records is uncertain. Nevertheless, Valdez-Lares, Muñiz-Martínez, Gadsden, Aguirre-León, Castañeda-Gaytán & González-Trápaga (2013) provisionally retained consobrinus as part of the Durango fauna, pending further studies. Populations east of the Mississippi River along the Gulf Coast may represent a separate species (Leaché & Reeder 2002; Crother, Boundy & al. 2003). Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming). Sceloporus couchii Santa Catarina Spiny Lizard, (Couch's Spiny Lizard) Santa Catarina-Stachelleguan Santa Catarina-tornleguan 1858 Sceloporus couchii Baird Lysoptychus couchi Larsen & Tanner 1974 1888 Lysoptychus lateralis Cope (Smith & Taylor 1950) Remarks: Restricted to Mexico. Records from Texas refer to the type locality of lateralis which is presumably in error (Bell, Smith & Chiszar 2003). Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon). Sceloporus cowlesi Southwestern Fence Lizard Südwestlicher Zaunleguan Sydvestlig Hegnsleguan 1956 Sceloporus undulatus cowlesi Lowe & Norris Sceloporus cowlesi Leaché & Reeder 2002 1995 Sceloporus undulatus speari Smith, Chiszar, Lemos-Espinal & Bell (Leaché & Reeder 2002) Other common names: cowlesi: White Sands Prairie Lizard speari: Cabeza de Vaca Prairie Lizard, (Spear's Prairie Lizard) Remarks: This species corresponds to Leaché's & Reeder's (2002) "southwestern clade", which encompasses populations previously regarded as the subspecies consobrinus, cowlesi, speari, and tristichus of the wide-ranging undulatus. As with other members of the undulatus complex, the population boundaries of this species is currently defined by genetic data, which do not always agree with traditional concepts of taxonomy based on morphological or ecological variation (Jones & Lovich [eds.] 2009). Genetic research is still needed to clarify the exact limits of distribution of this species. Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas), USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas). Sceloporus cozumelae Cozumel Spiny Lizard Cozumel-Stachelleguan Cozumel-tornleguan 1927 Sceloporus cozumelae Jones Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo [incl. Cozumel], Yucatan). Sceloporus cryptus Sierra Juarez Spiny Lizard Sierra Juarez-Stachelleguan Sierra Juarez-tornleguan 1967 Sceloporus cryptus Smith & Lynch Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca). Sceloporus cupreus Golden Long-tailed Spiny Lizard, Upland Long-tailed Spiny Lizard Kupfer-Stachelleguan Kobber-tornleguan 1873 Sceloporus cupreus Bocourt Sceloporus siniferus cupreus Smith & Taylor 1950 1936 Sceloporus cochranae Smith (Smith & Taylor 1950) Remarks: The phylogenetic analysis of Wiens & Reeder (1997) supported the specific recognition of cupreus. Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca). Sceloporus cyanogenys Blue-chinned Spiny Lizard, Blue-chinned Rough-scaled Spiny Lizard Blauer Stachelleguan Blåkindet Tornleguan, Blå Tornleguan 1885 Sceloporus torquatus cyanogenys Cope Sceloporus cyanogenys Smith 1938 Sceloporus serrifer cyanogenys Olson 1987 1939 Sceloporus serrifer plioporus Smith (Martinez-Mendez & Mendez de la Cruz 2007) Other common names: plioporus: Smith's Blue Spiny Lizard, Western Gulf Rough-scaled Lizard Remarks: Status of cyanogenys remain unresolved (Wiens & Reeder 1997), but most authors now recognize it as distinct. Not mentioned for San Luis Potosi by Lemos-Espinal, Smith & Woolrich-Piña (2018). Introduced to: USA (California). Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), USA (Texas). Sceloporus cyanogenys © Rune Midtgaard Sceloporus cyanostictus Eastern Blue-spotted Spiny Lizard, (Blue-spotted Spiny Lizard, Blue Spiny Lizard) Östlicher Blaufleckiger Stachelleguan Østlig Blåplettet Tornleguan 1971 Sceloporus jarrovii cyanostictus Axtell & Axtell Sceloporus cyanostictus Wiens, Reeder & Nieto-Montes de Oca 1999 Remarks: Suggested recognition as a separate species by Wiens & Reeder (1997) and treated as such in subsequent works (e.g., Lemos-Espinal & Smith 2007). Previously included the population now assigned to gadsdeni. Records from Nuevo Leon are based on misidentification. The status of this population is still to be resolved (Díaz-Cárdenas, Ruiz-Sanchez, Castro-Felix, Castañeda-Gaytán, Ruiz-Santana & Gadsden 2017). Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon). Sceloporus dixoni San Gabriel Bunchgrass Lizard San-Gabriel-Stachelleguan San Gabriel-tornleguan 2021 Sceloporus dixoni Bryson, Grummer, Connors, Tirpak, McCormack & Klicka Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of subniger. Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacan). Sceloporus druckercolini Graceful Mountain Tree Lizard Venus-Stachelleguan Venus-tornleguan 2008 Sceloporus druckercolini Perez-Ramos & Saldana-de la Riva Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero). Sceloporus dugesii Colima Spiny Lizard, (Dugès' Spiny Lizard) Colima-Stachelleguan Colima-tornleguan 1873 Sceloporus dugesii Bocourt 1869 Tropidolepis intermedius Dugès (Smith & Taylor 1950; Martínez-Méndez & Méndez-de la Cruz 2007) Sceloporus intermedius Dugès 1877 Sceloporus dugesii intermedius Smith 1938 Other common names: dugesii: Common Dugès' Spiny Lizard intermedius: Western Dugès' Spiny Lizard Remarks: Reported from Colima by several authors (e.g., Smith & Taylor 1950; Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Pierce & Painter 2020), however, Reyes-Velasco, Grünwald, Jones & Ahumada-Carrillo (2020) considered the presence of the species in the state as unconfirmed. Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas). Sceloporus edbelli Durangan Undulate Spiny Lizard, (Bell's Fence Lizard) Durango-Zaunleguan Durango-hegnsleguan 1995 Sceloporus undulatus belli Smith, Chiszar & Lemos-Espinal Sceloporus belli Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Ballinger, Smith & Chiszar 1998 2002 Sceloporus edbelli Smith, Chiszar & Lemos-Espinal [substitute name for Sceloporus undulatus belli Smith, Chiszar & Lemos-Espinal 1995] Remarks: Status uncertain. Tentatively regarded as a synonym of cowlesi by Leaché & Reeder (2002). Regarded as a synonym of consobrinus by Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Woolrich-Piña & Cruz (2017). Not listed for Coahuila by Lazcano, Nevárez-de los Reyes, García-Padilla, Johnson, Mata-Silva, DeSantis & Wilson (2019). Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Zacatecas). Sceloporus edwardtaylori Ixtepec Spiny Lizard, (Taylor's Spiny Lizard) Ixtepec-Stachelleguan Ixtepec-tornleguan 1936 Sceloporus edwardtaylori Smith Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca). Sceloporus esperanzae Esperanza Spiny Lizard Esperanza-Stachelleguan Esperanza-tornleguan 2018 Sceloporus esperanzae McCranie Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of malachiticus (McCranie 2018). Distribution: Honduras. Sceloporus exsul Queretaran Desert Spiny Lizard Queretaro-Wüsten-Stachelleguan Queretaro-ørkentornleguan 1972 Sceloporus exsul Dixon, Ketchersid & Lieb Distribution: Mexico (Queretaro). Sceloporus formosus Veracruz Emerald Spiny Lizard, Mexican Emerald Spiny Lizard, Western Green Swift Veracruz-Smaragd-Stachelleguan Veracruz-smaragdtornleguan 1834 Sceloporus formosus Wiegmann Tropidolepis formosus Duméril & Bibron 1837 1885 Sceloporus viviparus Cope (Smith & Taylor 1950) Remarks: Previously included scitulus. Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz). Sceloporus gadoviae Mezquititlan Spiny Lizard, (Gadow's Spiny Lizard) Mezquititlan-Stachelleguan Mezquititlan-tornleguan 1905 Sceloporus gadoviae Boulenger Lysoptychus gadoviae Larsen & Tanner 1974 Remarks: Occasionally misspelled gadovae (Liner 1996). Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla). Sceloporus gadsdeni Western Blue-spotted Spiny Lizard, Lagoon Spiny Lizard Westlicher Blaufleckiger Stachelleguan Vestlig Blåplettet Tornleguan 2017 Sceloporus gadsdeni Castañeda-Gaytán & Díaz-Cárdenas in Díaz-Cárdenas, Ruiz-Sanchez, Castro-Felix, Castañeda-Gaytán, Ruiz-Santana & Gadsden Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of cyanostictus. Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila). Sceloporus geminus Xilitla Spiny Lizard Xilitla-Stachelleguan Xilitla-tornleguan 2023 Sceloporus geminus Campillo-García, Flores-Villela, Butler, Benabib & Castiglia Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi). Sceloporus goldmani San Luis Potosí Bunchgrass Lizard, (Goldman's Bunchgrass Spiny Lizard) San Luis Potosí-Gras-Stachelleguan San Luis Potosí-græstornleguan 1937 Sceloporus goldmani Smith Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Coahuila, Jalisco, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas). Sceloporus graciosus Common Sagebrush Lizard Gewöhnlicher Beifussleguan Almindelig Bynkeleguan 1852 Sceloporus graciosus Baird & Girard Sceloporus gratiosus Yarrow 1875 [invalid emendation] 1852 Sceloporus gracilis Baird & Girard (Censky 1986) Sceloporus graciosus gracilis Van Denburgh 1922 Other common names: gracilis: Western Sagebrush Lizard graciosus: Northern Sagebrush Lizard Remarks: Previously included arenicolous and vandenburgianus. Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte), USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming). Sceloporus graciosus © Rune Midtgaard Sceloporus grammicus Mesquite Lizard, Northeastern Graphic Lizard, Graphic Spiny Lizard Mesquite-Stachelleguan Mesquite-tornleguan 1828 Sceloporus grammicus Wiegmann 1828 Sceloporus microlepidotus Wiegmann (Smith & Taylor 1950) Sceloporus grammicus microlepidotus Smith & Laufe 1945 1828 Sceloporus pleurostictus Wiegmann (Smith & Taylor 1950) 1852 Sceloporus dispar Baird & Girard (Smith & Taylor 1950) 1867 Sceloporus heterurus Cope (Smith & Taylor 1950) 1890 Sceloporus rubriventris Günther (Smith & Taylor 1950) 1894 Sceloporus microlepis Boulenger [lapsus] (Smith & Taylor 1950) 1916 Sceloporus disparilis Stejneger (Schmidt 1953) Sceloporus microlepidotus disparilis Dunn 1936 Sceloporus grammicus disparilis Smith & Laufe 1945 1936 Sceloporus pilsbryi Dunn (Smith & Taylor 1950) 1981 Sceloporus grammicus tamaulipensis Sites & Dixon Other common names: disparilis: Northern Mesquite Lizard, Northeastern Graphic Lizard grammicus: Wiegmann's Mesquite Lizard, Southern Plateau Graphic Lizard microlepidotus: Common Mesquite Lizard tamaulipensis: Sierra Tamaulipas Mesquite Lizard, Sierra Tamaulipas Graphic Lizard Remarks: Arechaga-Ocampo, Montalban-Huidobro & Castro-Franco (2008) and García-Vázquez, Canseco-Márquez, Gutiérrez-Mayén & Trujano-Ortega (2009) regarded microlepidotus as a separate species. Although records from Colima (e.g., Smith & Taylor 1950) have previously been rejected (Duellman 1958), the species has subsequently been confirmed from the state (Reyes-Velasco, Grünwald, Jones & Ahumada-Carrillo 2020). Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Coahuila, Colima, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas), USA (Texas). Sceloporus grandaevus Cerralvo Island Spiny Lizard, (Cerralvo Island Sator) Cerralvo-Stachelleguan Cerralvo-tornleguan 1919 Sator grandaevus Dickerson Sceloporus grandaevus Wiens & Reeder 1997 Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur: Isla Cerralvo). Sceloporus halli Oaxacan Large-scaled Spiny Lizard, (Hall's Spiny Lizard) Grossschuppiger Oaxaca-Stachelleguan Storskællet Oaxaca-tornleguan 1974 Sceloporus megalepidurus halli Dasmann & Smith Sceloporus halli Wiens & Reeder 1997 Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca). Sceloporus hesperus Sierra de Mascota Bunchgrass Lizard Mascota-Stachelleguan Mascota-tornleguan 2021 Sceloporus hesperus Bryson, Grummer, Connors, Tirpak, McCormack & Klicka Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of subniger. Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco). Sceloporus heterolepis Southern Odd-scaled Spiny Lizard, Dorsal-keeled Spiny Lizard, (Jaliscan Spiny Lizard) Südlicher Gekielter Stachelleguan Sydlig Kølskællet Tornleguan 1894 Sceloporus heterolepis Boulenger Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit, Zacatecas). Sceloporus hondurensis Olancho Spiny Lizard Olancho-Stachelleguan Olancho-tornleguan 2018 Sceloporus hondurensis McCranie Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of malachiticus (McCranie 2018). Expected to occur in Nicaragua as well (McCranie 2018). Distribution: Honduras. Sceloporus horridus Mexican Rough Spiny Lizard, Horrible Spiny Lizard Mexikanischer Rauhschuppiger Stachelleguan Mexicansk Ru Tornleguan 1834 Sceloporus horridus Wiegmann 1864 Sceloporus oligoporus Cope (Smith & Taylor 1950) Sceloporus horridus oligoporus Taylor 1938 Remarks: Previously included albiventris. Boyer, Smith & Andreu (1982) suggested that horridus should be a subspecies of spinosus. Smith & Chiszar (1992) demonstrated that they are separate species. Other common names: horridus: Southern Rough Spiny Lizard, Wiegmann's Horrible Spiny Lizard oligoporus: Few-pored Rough Spiny Lizard, Mexican Horrible Spiny Lizard Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Zacatecas). Sceloporus huichol Sierra Huichol Spiny Lizard Huichol-Stachelleguan Huichol-tornleguan 2022 Sceloporus huichol Campillo-García, Flores-Villela, Butler, Velasco Vinasco & Ramírez Corona Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Nayarit). Sceloporus hunsakeri San Bartolo Spiny Lizard, (Hunsaker's Spiny Lizard) San Bartolo-Stachelleguan San Bartolo-tornleguan 1979 Sceloporus hunsakeri Hall & Smith Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur). Sceloporus insignis Michoacan Black-collared Spiny Lizard, Coalcoman Black-collared Lizard Michoacan-Schwarzkragen-Stachelleguan Sortkravet Michoacan-tornleguan 1967 Sceloporus insignis Webb Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Michoacan). Sceloporus internasalis Mail-snouted Spiny Lizard Oaxaca-Smaragd-Stachelleguan Oaxaca-smaragdtornleguan 1955 Sceloporus malachiticus internasalis Smith & Bumzahem Sceloporus internasalis Flores-Villela 1993 Remarks: Regarded as a synonym of salvini by Smith & Pérez-Higareda (1992). Revalidated by Wiens & Reeder (1997). Distribution: Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz). Sceloporus jalapae Jalapa Spiny Lizard, Xalapa Spiny Lizard Jalapa-Stachelleguan Jalapa-tornleguan 1890 Sceloporus jalapae Günther Lysoptychus jalapae Larsen & Tanner 1974 Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz). Sceloporus jarrovii Mountain Spiny Lizard, (Yarrow's Spiny Lizard) Gebirgs-Stachelleguan Bjerg-tornleguan 1875 Sceloporus jarrovii Cope 1950 Sceloporus jarrovii erythrocyaneus Mertens Sceloporus minor erythrocyaneus Bell, Smith & Chiszar 2003 1989 Sceloporus jarrovi cyaneus Trevino-Saldana [1988] Sceloporus minor cyaneus Bell, Smith & Chiszar 2003 Other common names: cyaneus: Blue Mountain Spiny Lizard, Northern Blue Mountain Lizard erythrocyaneus: Red-spotted Spiny Lizard, Durangan Mountain Spiny Lizard jarrovi: Common Mountain Spiny Lizard, Common Yarrow's Spiny Lizard Remarks: Previously included cyanostictus, minor, oberon, sugillatus, and immucronatus. The former four are now regarded as separate species, the latter as a subspecies of minor. Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Morelos, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas), USA (Arizona, New Mexico). Sceloporus jarrovii © Rune Midtgaard Sceloporus lemosespinali Chihuahua Graphic Lizard, (Lemos-Espinal's Spiny Lizard) Chihuahua-Stachelleguan Chihuahua-tornleguan 2004 Sceloporus lemosespinali Lara-Gongora Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora). Sceloporus licki Cape Arboreal Spiny Lizard Kap-Stachelleguan Kap-tornleguan 1895 Sceloporus licki Van Denburgh Sceloporus orcutti licki Smith 1939 Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Hall & Smith (1979). Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur). Sceloporus lineatulus Santa Catalina Island Spiny Lizard Santa Catalina-Stachelleguan Santa Catalina-tornleguan 1919 Sceloporus lineatulus Dickerson Sceloporus magister lineatulus Smith 1939 Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Grismer & McGuire (1996), although already Flores-Villela (1993) and Liner (1994) treated it as such. Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur: Isla Santa Catalina). Sceloporus lineolateralis Durangan Lined Spiny Lizard, Lined Spiny Lizard, (Durangan Spiny Lizard) Gestreifter Durango-Stachelleguan Stribet Durango-tornleguan 1936 Sceloporus lineolateralis Smith Sceloporus jarrovii lineolateralis Webb & Hensley 1959 Remarks: Regarded as a subspecies of jarrovi by some authors (e.g., Martínez-Méndez & Méndez-de la Cruz 2007). Regarded as a valid species in most recent works (e.g., Wiens & Reeder 1997; Bell, Smith & Chiszar 2003; Wilson & Johnson 2010). Not listed for Coahuila by Lazcano, Nevárez-de los Reyes, García-Padilla, Johnson, Mata-Silva, DeSantis & Wilson (2019). Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Zacatecas). Sceloporus lunaei Guatemalan Plateau Lizard Guatemalischer Plateau-Stachelleguan Guatemalansk Plateauleguan 1873 Sceloporus lunaei Bocourt Sceloporus acanthinus lunaei Stuart 1963 Distribution: Guatemala. Sceloporus lundelli Belize Spiny Lizard, (Lundell's Spiny Lizard) Belize-Stachelleguan Belize-tornleguan 1939 Sceloporus lundelli Smith 1939 Sceloporus lundelli gaigeae Smith Other common names: gaigeae: Gaige's Spiny Lizard lundelli: Common Lundell's Spiny Lizard Distribution: Belize, Guatemala, Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Yucatan). Sceloporus macdougalli Tehuantepec Spiny Lizard, (MacDougall's Spiny Lizard) Tehuantepec-Stachelleguan Tehuantepec-tornleguan 1953 Sceloporus macdougalli Smith & Bumsahem Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca). Sceloporus maculosus Rio Nazas Spiny Lizard, Spotted Spiny Lizard, Northern Snub-nosed Spiny Lizard Rio Nazas-Stachelleguan Rio Nazas-tornleguan 1934 Sceloporus maculosus Smith Lysoptychus maculosus Larsen & Tanner 1974 Remarks: A record from San Luis Potosi (Flores-Villela, Hernández-Garcia & Nieto-Montes de Oca 1991) refers to consobrinus (Smith & Flores-Villela 1994). Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Zacatecas). Sceloporus madrensis Lesser Torquate Spiny Lizard, Sierra Madre Torquate Spiny Lizard Kleiner Kragen-Stachelleguan Lille Krave-tornleguan 1986 Sceloporus torquatus madrensis Olson Sceloporus madrensis Campillo-García, Flores-Villela, Butler, Velasco Vinasco & Ramírez Corona 2021 Distribution: Mexico (Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas). Sceloporus magister Northern Desert Spiny Lizard, Desert Spiny Lizard Nördlicher Wüsten-Stachelleguan Nordlig Ørkentornleguan 1854 Sceloporus magister Hallowell Sceloporus spinosus magister Echegoyen 2009 1955 Sceloporus magister cephaloflavus Tanner Other common names: cephaloflavus: Orange-headed Spiny Lizard magister: Purple-backed Spiny Lizard, Sonoran Spiny Lizard Remarks: Previously included bimaculosus, lineatulus, rufidorsus, uniformis, and zosteromus. Also cephaloflavus have been suggested to represent a separate species (Jones & Lovich (eds.) 2009). The recognition of some of these forms as separate species has been disputed (e.g., Leaché & Mulcahy 2007). Wilson, Mata-Silva & Johnson 2013; Lazcano, Nevárez-de los Reyes, García-Padilla, Johnson, Mata-Silva, DeSantis & Wilson (2019) considered the species ocurring in Coahuila to represent magister, not bimaculosus. Introduced to: USA (Florida). Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Sinaloa, Sonora), USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah). Sceloporus magister © Rune Midtgaard Sceloporus malachiticus Malachite Spiny Lizard, (Emerald Swift, Green Spiny Lizard) Malachit-Stachelleguan, Malachitgrüner Stachelleguan Malakit-tornleguan 1864 Sceloporus malachiticus Cope 1890 Sceloporus irazuensis Günther (Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970) Remarks: Previously included acanthinus, internasalis, salvini, schmidti, smaragdinus, taeniocnemis, and the populations now assigned to esperanzae and hondurensis. Distribution: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama. Sceloporus malachiticus © Henrik Bringsøe Sceloporus marmoratus Northern Rose-bellied Lizard Nördlicher Rosabaüchiger Stachelleguan Nordlig Rosabuget Tornleguan 1852 Sceloporus marmoratus Hallowell Sceloporus variabilis marmoratus Smith 1934 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of variabilis (e.g., Smith 1934; Dixon & Lemos-Espinal 2010). Mendoza-Quijano, Flores-Villela & Sites (1998) revalidated marmoratus as a separate species, followed by some authors (e.g., Wilson & Johnson 2010; Wilson, Mata-Silva & Johnson 2013; Nevárez-de los Reyes, Lazcano, García-Padilla, Mata-Silva, Johnson & Wilson 2016), however, some authors were reluctant to accept this taxonomic change (e.g., Crother (ed.) 2008; Dixon & Lemos-Espinal 2010; Lemos-Espinal 2015). Solis-Zurita, Luna & González (2019) presented evidence supporting the validity of marmoratus as a separate species. Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas), USA (Texas). Sceloporus megalepidurus Veracruz Large-scaled Spiny Lizard, Cursorial Spiny Lizard, (Large-scaled Spiny Lizard) Ostmexikanischer Grossschuppiger Stachelleguan Østmexicansk Storskællet Tornleguan 1934 Sceloporus megalepidurus Smith Remarks: Previously included halli and pictus. Records from Oaxaca (e.g., Casas-Andreu, Mendez-de la Cruz & Aguilar-Miguel 2004) refer to these two species. Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Mexico State, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz). Sceloporus melanogaster Black-bellied Spiny Lizard, Black-bellied Torquate Spiny Lizard, Central Plateau Torquate Lizard Schwarzbauch-Stachelleguan Sortbuget Tornleguan 1885 Sceloporus melanogaster Cope Sceloporus ferrariperezi melanogaster Smith 1939 Sceloporus torquatus melanogaster Liner 1994 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of torquatus (e.g., Smith & Taylor 1950). Revalidated as a separate species by Campillo-García, Flores-Villela, Butler, Velasco Vinasco & Ramírez Corona (2021). Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas). Sceloporus melanorhinus Black-nosed Spiny Lizard, Black-nosed Lizard, Pastel Tree Lizard, Pastel Spiny Lizard Schwarzschnäuziger Stachelleguan Sortsnudet Tornleguan 1876 Sceloporus melanorhinus Bocourt 1939 Sceloporus melanorhinus calligaster Smith 1947 Sceloporus melanorhinus stuarti Smith Other common names: calligaster: Pastel-bellied Spiny Lizard melanorhinus: Southern Black-nosed Lizard stuarti: Stuart's Pastel Tree Lizard Remarks: The subspecies stuarti probably deserves specific recognition (Wiens & Reeder 1997). Distribution: Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla). Sceloporus merriami Canyon Lizard Canyon-Stachelleguan Canyon-tornleguan 1904 Sceloporus merriami Stejneger Lysoptychus merriami Larsen & Tanner 1974 1937 Sceloporus merriami annulatus Smith 1960 Sceloporus merriami australis Williams, Smith & Chrapliwy 1973 Sceloporus merriami longipunctatus Olson 2000 Sceloporus merriami williamsi Lemos-Espinal, Chiszar & Smith 2001 Sceloporus merriami ballingeri Lemos-Espinal & Smith in Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Auth & Chiszar 2003 Sceloporus merriami sanojae Lemos-Espinal in Smith, Lemos-Espinal & Chiszar Other common names: annulatus: Big Bend Canyon Lizard australis: Southern Canyon Lizard, Southeastern Canyon Lizard ballingeri: Ballinger's Canyon Lizard longipunctatus: Presidio Canyon Lizard merriami: Merriam's Canyon Lizard sanojae: Sanoja's Canyon Lizard williamsi: Williams' Canyon Lizard Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon), USA (Texas). Sceloporus mikeprestoni Marcela Spiny Lizard, (Preston's Torquate Spiny Lizard) Marcela-Stachelleguan Marcela-tornleguan 1974 Sceloporus torquatus mikeprestoni Smith & Alvarez Sceloporus mikeprestoni Campillo-García, Flores-Villela, Butler, Velasco Vinasco & Ramírez Corona 2021 Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas). Sceloporus minor Lesser Spiny Lizard, Minor Spiny Lizard, (Cope's Mountain Spiny Lizard) Kleiner Stachelleguan Lille Tornleguan 1885 Sceloporus torquatus minor Cope Sceloporus jarrovi minor Smith 1938 Sceloporus minor Webb & Axtell 1994 1936 Sceloporus jarrovii immucronatus Smith Sceloporus minor immucronatus Lemos-Espinal & Smith 2007 Other common names: immucronatus: Southern Blue Minor Spiny Lizard, (Blue Yarrow's Spiny Lizard) minor: Red Minor Spiny Lizard Remarks: Lemos-Espinal & Smith (2020) listed the species as potentionally occurring in Mexico State, although reported already by Smith & Taylor (1950) and Liner (1966). Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas). Sceloporus mucronatus Oaxacan Crevice Spiny Lizard, Cleft Lizard, (Southern Crevice Spiny Lizard) Oaxaca-Spalten-Stachelleguan Oaxaca-spaltetornleguan 1885 Sceloporus torquatus mucronatus Cope Sceloporus mucronatus Smith 1938 2002 Sceloporus mucronatus olsoni Webb, Lemos-Espinal & Smith Other common names: mucronatus: Central Crevice Spiny Lizard olsoni: Olson's Crevice Spiny Lizard Remarks: Olson (1998) included mucronatus in the synonymy of poinsetti, however, this arrangement has not been followed in subsequent publications (e.g., Köhler & Heimes 2002; Webb, Lemos-Espinal & Smith 2002; Martinez-Mendez & Mendez de la Cruz 2007). Previously included aureolus and omiltemanus (e.g., Köhler & Heimes 2002). Distribution: Mexico (Distrito Federal, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Mexico State, Morelos, Puebla, Queretaro, Tlaxcala, Veracruz). Sceloporus nelsoni Sinaloan Spiny Lizard, (Nelson's Spiny Lizard) Sinaloa-Stachelleguan Sinaloa-tornleguan 1923 Sceloporus nelsoni Cochran 1960 Sceloporus nelsoni coeruleus Tanner & Robison [not Sceloporus ornatus caeruleus Smith 1936] 1960 Sceloporus nelsoni barrancorum Tanner & Robison [substitute name for Sceloporus nelsoni coeruleus Tanner & Robison 1960] Sceloporus nelsoni barrancarum Bell, Smith & Chiszar 2003 [emendation] Other common names: barrancarum: Northern Nelson's Spiny Lizard, Nelson's Barranca Spiny Lizard nelsoni: Southern Nelson's Spiny Lizard Remarks: A record from Colima (Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Pierce & Painter 2020) refer to pyrocephalus (Reyes-Velasco, Grünwald, Jones & Ahumada-Carrillo 2020). According to Bell, Smith & Chiszar (2003), the correct spelling of the specific epithet barrancorum should be barrancarum. Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora). Sceloporus oberon Royal Mountain Spiny Lizard, Royal Lesser Minor Lizard, Black Spiny Lizard König-Stachelleguan Konge-tornleguan 1941 Sceloporus jarrovii oberon Smith & Brown Sceloporus oberon Wiens, Reeder & Nieto-Montes de Oca 1999 Sceloporus ornatus oberon Martinez-Mendez & Mendez de la Cruz 2007 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of jarrovi and, more recently, of ornatus. Status disputed, with some authors regarding oberon as a separate species (e.g., Köhler & Heimes 2002; Lemos-Espinal & Smith 2007; Wiens, Kuczynski, Arif & Reeder 2010; Banda-Leal, Lazcano, Nevárez-de los Reyes, Solís-Rojas & Rojas-Malacara 2015), while others retain it as a synonym of ornatus (e.g., Lazcano, Nevárez-de los Reyes, García-Padilla, Johnson, Mata-Silva, DeSantis & Wilson 2019). Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon). Sceloporus occidentalis Western Fence Lizard Westlicher Zaunleguan Vestlig Tornleguan 1852 Sceloporus occidentalis Baird & Girard 1854 Sceloporus biseriatus Hallowell (Schmidt 1953) Sceloporus occidentalis biseriatus Camp 1916 1858 Sceloporus longipes Baird Sceloporus occidentalis longipes Liner 1994 1885 Sceloporus undulatus bocourtii Boulenger (Schmidt 1953) Sceloporus occidentalis bocourti Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 1916 Sceloporus occidentalis taylori Camp Other common names: becki: Island Fence Lizard biseriatus: San Joaquin Fence Lizard bocourti: Coast Range Fence Lizard longipes: Great Basin Fence Lizard occidentalis: Northwestern Fence Lizard taylori: Sierra Fence Lizard Remarks: Previously included becki. In Montana, known from only a single population which may have been introduced (Werner, Maxell, Hendricks & Flath 2004). Introduced to: Guam. Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte [incl. Isla Cedros]), USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington). Sceloporus occidentalis © Rune Midtgaard Sceloporus ochoterenae Queretaran Spiny Lizard, (Ochoterena's Snub-nosed Spiny Lizard) Queretaro-Stachelleguan Queretaro-tornleguan 1934 Sceloporus ochoterenae Smith Lysoptychus ochoterenae Larsen & Tanner 1974 Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Mexico State, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla). Sceloporus olivaceus Texas Spiny Lizard Texas-Stachelleguan Texas-tornleguan 1934 Sceloporus olivaceus Smith 1893 Sceloporus spinosus floridanus Stejneger [not Sceloporus floridanus Baird 1858] (Smith & Taylor 1950) Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), USA (Oklahoma, Texas). Sceloporus olloporus Central American Rose-bellied Lizard Zentralamerikanischer Rosabaüchiger Stachelleguan Centralamerikansk Rosabuget Tornleguan 1937 Sceloporus variabilis olloporus Smith Sceloporus olloporus Mendoza-Quijano, Flores-Villela & Sites 1998 Remarks: Mendoza-Quijano, Flores-Villela & Sites (1998) regarded olloporus as a separate species, but they based this taxonomic decision on a single examined specimen. Several authors chose not to follow this, pending further studies (e.g., Köhler 2001, 2008; Köhler & Heimes 2002; Savage 2002; Bolaños, Savage & Gerardo 2010; Wilson & Johnson 2010). Solis-Zurita, Luna & González (2019) presented evidence supporting the validity of olloporus as a separate species. Distribution: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas), Nicaragua. Sceloporus omiltemanus Guerreran Crevice Spiny Lizard, Southern Cleft Spiny Lizard Guerrero-Spalten-Stachelleguan Guerrero-spaltetornleguan 1890 Sceloporus omiltemanus Günther Sceloporus torquatus omiltemanus Taylor 1931 Sceloporus mucronatus omiltemanus Smith 1936 Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Martinez-Mendez & Mendez de la Cruz (2007). Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca). Sceloporus orcutti Granite Spiny Lizard Granit-Stachelleguan Granit-tornleguan 1893 Sceloporus orcutti Stejneger 1899 Sceloporus digueti Mocquard (Weintraub 1980) Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur), USA (California). Sceloporus ornatus Ornate Spiny Lizard Gewöhnlicher Pracht-Stachelleguan Almindelig Pragttornleguan 1858 Sceloporus ornatus Baird Remarks: Previously included caeruleus and oberon. Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon). Sceloporus palaciosi Zempoala Bunchgrass Lizard, (Palacios' Bunchgrass Lizard, Palacios' Graphic Lizard) Zempoala-Gras-Stachelleguan Zempoala-græstornleguan 1983 Sceloporus palaciosi Lara-Gongora Distribution: Mexico (Distrito Federal, Guerrero, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla). Sceloporus parvus Blue-bellied Spiny Lizard, (Dwarf Spiny Lizard) Blaubäuchiger Stachelleguan Blåbuget Tornleguan 1934 Sceloporus parvus Smith Lysoptychus parvus Larsen & Tanner 1974 1937 Sceloporus parvus scutulatus Smith Other common names: parvus: Northern Blue-bellied Spiny Lizard scutulatus: Southern Blue-bellied Spiny Lizard Remarks: A record from Durango (Flores-Villela, Hernández-Garcia & Nieto-Montes de Oca 1991) refer to bimaculosus (Smith & Flores-Villela 1994). Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas). Sceloporus pictus Painted Spiny Lizard, Painted Cursorial Spiny Lizard Gemalter Stachelleguan Malet Tornleguan 1936 Sceloporus pictus Smith Sceloporus megalepidurus pictus Smith & Smith 1976 Remarks: Sites, Archie, Cole & Villela (1992) questioned the distinctness of pictus and megalepidurus. Some authors regard pictus as a subspecies of megalepidurus (e.g., Smith, Auth, Chiszar, Lintz & Brown 2000). Wiens & Reeder (1997) tentatively retained them as separate species. Not listed for Mexico State by Lemos-Espinal & Smith (2020). Not listed for Veracruz by Torres-Hernandez, Ramirez-Bautista, Cruz-Elizalde, Hernandez-Salinas, Berriozabal-Islas, DeSantis, Johnson, Rocha, Garcia-Padilla, Mata-Silva, Fucsko & Wilson (2021). Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Mexico State, Veracruz). Sceloporus poinsettii Northern Crevice Spiny Lizard, (Crevice Spiny Lizard) Nördlicher Spalten-Stachelleguan Nordlig Spaltetornleguan 1852 Sceloporus poinsettii Baird & Girard Sceloporus torquatus poinsettii Cope 1885 1958 Sceloporus poinsetti macrolepis Smith & Chrapliwy 1958 Sceloporus poinsetti polylepis Smith & Chrapliwy 1987 Sceloporus poinsetti robisoni Tanner 2006 Sceloporus poinsettii axtelli Webb Other common names: axtelli: Texas Crevice Spiny Lizard macrolepis: Large-scaled Crevice Spiny Lizard, Western Crevice Spiny Lizard poinsetti: New Mexico Crevice Spiny Lizard, Northern Crevice Spiny Lizard polylepis: Southern Crevice Spiny Lizard, Small-scaled Crevice Spiny Lizard robisoni: Robison's Crevice Spiny Lizard Remarks: Olson (1998) included mucronatus in the synonymy of poinsetti, however, this arrangement has not been followed by all authors (e.g., Köhler & Heimes 2002; Webb, Lemos-Espinal & Smith 2002). Included for Jalisco on the basis of Cruz-Sáenz, Guerrero, Lazcano & Téllez-López (2009) and Cruz-Sáenz, Muñoz-Nolasco, Mata-Silva, Johnson, García-Padilla & Wilson (2017), although Chávez-Avila, Casas-Andreu, García-Aguayo, Cifuentes-Lemus & Cupul-Magaña (2015) condidered the presence of the species in the state as unconfirmed. Introduced to: USA (Florida). Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas), USA (New Mexico, Texas). Sceloporus poinsettii © Rune Midtgaard Sceloporus prezygus Chiapan Blue Spiny Lizard, Chiapan Rough-scaled Spiny Lizard Blauer Chiapas-Stachelleguan Blå Chiapas-tornleguan 1942 Sceloporus prezygus Smith Sceloporus serrifer prezygus Smith & Alvarez del Toro 1964 Remarks: The phylogenetic analysis of Wiens & Reeder (1997) supported the specific recognition of prezygus. Martínez-Méndez, Mejía, Rocha-Gómez & Méndez-de la Cruz (2012) retained it as a subspecies of serrifer, pending further studies. Distribution: Belize, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas). Sceloporus pyrocephalus Boulder Spiny Lizard, Red-headed Spiny Lizard Rotkopf-Stachelleguan Rødhovedet Tornleguan 1864 Sceloporus pyrocephalus Cope Sceloporus pyrrhocephalus Cope 1885 [emendation] Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan). Sceloporus salvini Veracruz Green Spiny Lizard, (Salvin's Spiny Lizard) Grüner Veracruz-Stachelleguan Grøn Veracruz-tornleguan 1890 Sceloporus salvini Günther Sceloporus malachiticus salvini Smith 1942 Remarks: Previously included internasalis. Distribution: Guatemala, Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz). Sceloporus samcolemani Nuevo Leon Bunchgrass Lizard, (Coleman's Bunchgrass Lizard) Nuevo Leon-Gras-Stachelleguan Nuevo Leon-græstornleguan 1974 Sceloporus scalaris samcolemani Smith Sceloporus samcolemani Smith, Watkins-Colwell, Liner & Chiszar 1996 Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon). Sceloporus scalaris Light-bellied Bunchgrass Lizard Hellbäuchiger Gras-Stachelleguan Lysbuget Græstornleguan 1828 Sceloporus scalaris Wiegmann Remarks: Previously included brownorum, samcolemani, slevini, unicanthalis, and the population now known as aurantius. Records from Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, and Zacatecas refer to these other species. Records from USA (Arizona) refer to slevini. Distribution: Mexico (Distrito Federal, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz). Sceloporus schmidti Sula Spiny Lizard Sula-Stachelleguan Sula-tornleguan 1927 Sceloporus schmidti Jones Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of smaragdinus (e.g., Smith 1939) and/or malachiticus (e.g., Meyer 1969). Treated as a separate species by E. Smith (2001, in an unpublished dissertation), Acevedo, Wilson, Cano & Vázquez-Almazán (2010), and McCranie (2015, 2018). Distribution: Guatemala, Honduras. Sceloporus scitulus Guerrero Emerald Spiny Lizard, Striated Mexican Emerald Spiny Lizard, Elegant Green Swift Guerrero-Smaragd-Stachelleguan Guerrero-smaragdtornleguan 1942 Sceloporus formosus scitulus Smith Sceloporus scitulus Pérez-Ramos & Saldaña-de La Riva 2008 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of formosus. Wiens & Reeder (1997) suggested that scitulus might deserve recognition as a separate species, and several authors have treated it as such (e.g., Pérez-Ramos & Saldaña-de La Riva 2008; Palacios-Aguilar & Flores-Villela 2018; Himes 2020). Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca). Sceloporus serrifer Southern Blue Spiny Lizard, Rough-scaled Spiny Lizard, (Blue-spotted Spiny Lizard) Südlicher Blauer Stachelleguan Sydlig Blå Tornleguan 1866 Sceloporus serrifer Cope 1952 Sceloporus serrifer cariniceps Martin Other common names: serrifer: Yucatecan Rough-scaled Spiny Lizard, Eastern Blue Spiny Lizard Remarks: Previously included prezygus (e.g., Smith & Alvarez del Toro 1964), cyanogenys (e.g., Olson 1987) and plioporus Smith 1939, the latter now regarded as a synonym of cyanogenys (Martinez-Mendez & Mendez de la Cruz 2007). Older records from Chiapas refer to prezygus, but serrifer was documented from the state by León & Reynoso (2005). Distribution: Belize, Guatemala, Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Hidalgo, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan). Sceloporus shannonorum Northern Odd-scaled Spiny Lizard, (Shannon's Spiny Lizard) Nördlicher Gekielter Stachelleguan Nordlig Kølskællet Tornleguan 1959 Sceloporus shannonorum Langebartel Sceloporus heterolepis shannonorum Webb 1969 Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Wiens & Reeder (1997). Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Zacatecas). Sceloporus siniferus Long-tailed Spiny Lizard Langschwanz-Stachelleguan Langhalet Tornleguan 1869 Sceloporus siniferus Cope 1873 Sceloporus humeralis Bocourt (Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970) Remarks: Although included for Jalisco by Cruz-Sáenz, Guerrero, Lazcano & Télles-López (2009), presence in the state is considered undocumented herein, following Cruz-Sáenz, Muñoz-Nolasco, Mata-Silva, Johnson, García-Padilla & Wilson (2017), who did not list the species for Jalisco. Distribution: Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca). Sceloporus slevini Arizona Bunchgrass Lizard, (Slevin's Bunchgrass Lizard) Arizona-Gras-Stachelleguan Arizona-græstornleguan 1937 Sceloporus scalaris slevini Smith Sceloporus slevini Tanner 1987 Remarks: Validity as separate species confirmed by Smith, Watkins-Colwell, Liner & Chiszar (1996). Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora), USA (Arizona, New Mexico). Sceloporus smaragdinus Chiapan Malachite Spiny Lizard, (Emerald Spiny Lizard, Bocourt's Emerald Spiny Lizard) Chiapas-Smaragd-Stachelleguan Chiapas-smaragdtornleguan 1873 Sceloporus smaragdinus Bocourt Sceloporus formosus smaragdinus Smith 1939 Sceloporus malachiticus smaragdinus Smith 1942 Sceloporus smaragdinus Stuart 1971 Distribution: Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas). Sceloporus smithi Oaxacan Rose-bellied Lizard, (Smith's Rose-bellied Lizard) Rosabaüchiger Oaxaca-Stachelleguan Rosabuget Oaxaca-tornleguan 1937 Sceloporus variabilis smithi Hartweg & Oliver Sceloporus smithi Smith, Perez-Higareda & Chiszar 1993 Remarks: Solis-Zurita, Luna & González (2019) presented evidence supporting the validity of smithi as a separate species. Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca). Sceloporus spinosus Eastern Mexican Spiny Lizard, Eastern Spiny Lizard Gewöhnlicher Ostmexikanischer Stachelleguan Almindelig Østmexicansk Tornleguan 1828 Sceloporus spinosus Wiegmann 1936 Sceloporus spinosus caeruleopunctatus Smith 1951 Sceloporus spinosus apicalis Smith & Smith Other common names: apicalis: Miahuatlán Spiny Lizard, Oaxacan Spiny Lizard caeruleopunctatus: Blue-spotted Spiny Lizard spinosus: Common Eastern Spiny Lizard, (Wiegmann's Spiny Lizard) Remarks: The two subspecies apicalis and spinosus probably deserve specific recognition (Wiens & Reeder 1997). Boyer, Smith & Andreu (1982) suggested that horridus should be a subspecies of spinosus. Smith & Chiszar (1992) demonstrated that they are separate species. A record from Colima (Painter 1976) is regarded as erroneous (Reyes-Velasco, Grünwald, Jones & Ahumada-Carrillo 2020). Introduced to: Mexico (Chiapas). Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas). Sceloporus squamosus Central American Dwarf Spiny Lizard, (Dwarf Spiny Lizard, Mexican Spiny Lizard, Bocourt's Spiny Lizard) Centralamerikanischer Zwerg-Stachelleguan Centralamerikansk Dværgtornleguan 1874 Sceloporus squamosus Bocourt 1874 Sceloporus fulvus Bocourt (Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970) Distribution: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca), Nicaragua. Sceloporus stejnegeri Guerreran Black-collared Spiny Lizard, (Stejneger's Black-collared Spiny Lizard) Guerrero-Schwarzkragen-Stachelleguan Sortkravet Guerrero-tornleguan 1942 Sceloporus stejnegeri Smith Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero). Sceloporus subniger Tolucan Bunchgrass Lizard, Plateau Bunchgrass Lizard Toluca-Gras-Stachelleguan Toluca-græstornleguan 1958 Sceloporus aeneus subniger Poglayen & Smith Sceloporus subniger Guilette & Smith 1985 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of aeneus. Guilette & Smith (1985) suggested species status for subniger, followed by most authors (e.g., Liner 1994; Wiens & Reeder 1997; Bryson, Grummer, Connors, Tirpak, McCormack & Klicka 2021). Previously included the populations now assigned to dixoni and hesperus. Not listed for Mexico State by Lemos-Espinal & Smith (2020). Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Mexico State, Michoacan, Puebla, Queretaro) Sceloporus subpictus Paint-bellied Spiny Lizard Bauchgemalter Stachelleguan Bugmalet Tornleguan 1965 Sceloporus subpictus Lynch & Smith Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca). Sceloporus sugillatus Zempoala Spiny Lizard, Zempoala Bar-bellied Lizard, Variable Mountain Spiny Lizard Zempoala-Stachelleguan Zempoala-tornleguan 1942 Sceloporus jarrovii sugillatus Smith Sceloporus sugillatus Wiens, Reeder & Nieto-Montes de Oca 1999 Remarks: Recognition as a separate species was suggested by Wiens & Reeder (1997), and followed by most subsequent works (e.g., Lemos-Espinal & Smith 2007; Mendoza-Hernandez, Garcia-Vazquez & Nieto-Montes de Oca 2008). Distribution: Mexico (Distrito Federal, Mexico State, Morelos). Sceloporus taeniocnemis Nuclear Emerald Spiny Lizard Guatemalischer Smaragd-Stachelleguan Guatemalansk Smaragdtornleguan 1885 Sceloporus taeniocnemis Cope Sceloporus malachiticus taeniocnemis Smith 1942 1971 Sceloporus taeniocnemis hartwegi Stuart Sceloporus hartwegi Pérez-Ramos & Saldaña-de La Riva 2008 Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Stuart (1971). Pérez-Ramos & Saldaña-de La Riva (2008) listed hartwegi as a separate species. Other common names: hartwegi: Hartweg's Emerald Spiny Lizard taeniocnemis: Guatemalan Emerald Spiny Lizard Distribution: Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas). Sceloporus tanneri Juquila Spiny Lizard, (Tanner's Spiny Lizard) Juquila-Stachelleguan Juquila-tornleguan 1975 Sceloporus tanneri Smith & Larsen Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca). Sceloporus teapensis Teapen Rose-bellied Lizard Teapen-Stachelleguan Teapen-tornleguan 1890 Sceloporus teapensis Günther Sceloporus variabilis teapensis Cole 1978 Remarks: Status of teapensis remains unresolved (Mendoza-Quijano, Flores-Villela & Sites 1998). Most recent works have treated it as a valid species (e.g., Campbell & Vannini 1989; Smith, Perez-Higareda & Chiszar 1993; Liner 1994, 2007; Köhler & Heimes 2002). Records from Belize (e.g.; Campbell & Vannini 1989; Smith, Perez-Higareda & Chiszar 1993; Lee 1996) refer to variabilis (Stafford & Meyer 2000). Distribution: Belize, Guatemala, Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz). Sceloporus torquatus Greater Torquate Spiny Lizard, Common Torquate Spiny Lizard, Plateau Crevice Swift Grosser Kragen-Stachelleguan Stor Krave-tornleguan 1828 Sceloporus torquatus Wiegmann 1885 Sceloporus ferrariperezi Cope (syn. Smith & Taylor 1950) Remarks: Previously included binocularis, cyanogenys, madrensis, melanogaster, mikeprestoni, minor, mucronatus, omiltemanus, poinsettii, and the population now assigned to huichol. A record from Colima (Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Pierce & Painter 2020) is erroneous (Reyes-Velasco, Grünwald, Jones & Ahumada-Carrillo 2020). Distribution: Mexico (Distrito Federal, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla). Sceloporus tristichus Western Plateau Lizard, Plateau Fence Lizard Westlicher Plateau-Stachelleguan Vestlig Plateau-leguan 1875 Sceloporus tristichus Cope Sceloporus undulatus tristichus Cope 1900 1890 Sceloporus elongatus Stejneger (Leaché & Reeder 2002) Sceloporus undulatus elongatus Burt 1933 1956 Sceloporus undulatus erythrocheilus Maslin (Leaché & Reeder 2002) Other common names: elongatus: Northern Plateau Lizard erythrocheilus: Red-lipped Plateau Lizard, Red-lipped Prairie Lizard tristichus: Southern Plateau Lizard Remarks: This species corresponds to Leaché's & Reeder's (2002) "western clade", which encompasses populations previously regarded as the subspecies elongatus, erythrocheilus, and tristichus of the wide-ranging undulatus. As with other members of the undulatus complex, the population boundaries of this species is currently defined by genetic data, which do not always agree with traditional concepts of taxonomy based on morphological or ecological variation (Jones & Lovich [eds.] 2009). Genetic research is still needed to clarify the exact limits of distribution of this species. Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming). Sceloporus tristichus © Rune Midtgaard Sceloporus undulatus Eastern Fence Lizard, Undulate Spiny Lizard Östlicher Zaunleguan Østlig Tornleguan 1801 Stellio undulatus Bosc & Daudin in Sonnini & Latreille Sceloporus undulatus Wiegmann 1828 Agama undulatus Harlan 1829 Tropidolepis undulatus Holbrook 1838 1818 Lacerta fasciata Green [not Lacerta fasciata Linnaeus 1758] (Schmidt 1953) 1818 Lacerta hyacinthina Green (Schmidt 1953) Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus Smith 1948 1832 Lopherpes dicyanelus Rafinesque (Schmidt 1953) 1852 Sceloporus thayeri Baird & Girard (Schmidt 1953) 1858 Sceloporus floridanus Baird (Schmidt 1953) Other common names: hyacinthinus: Northern Fence Lizard undulatus: Southern Fence Lizard Remarks: Previously included consobrinus, cowlesi, edbelli, tristichus, and virgatus. Apart from virgatus, the status of these forms is contentious. Leaché & Reeder (2002) recommended treating four different clades as evolutionary species (consobrinus, cowlesi, tristichus, undulatus), including belli (=edbelli) as a tentative synonym of cowlesi. While many recent publications have followed this (e.g., Brennan & Holycross 2006; Rorabaugh 2008; Enderson, Quijada-Mascarenas, Turner, Rosen & Bezy 2009; Jones & Lovich (eds.) 2009), some authors have retained them as subspecies of undulatus, pending further studies to clarify the exact limits of these species and their distribution (e.g., Bell, Smith & Chiszar 2003; Lemos-Espinal & Smith 2007). Based on molecular studies, Miles, Noecker, Roosenburg & White (2002) did not support the recognition of subspecies. This species corresponds to Leaché's & Reeder's (2002) "eastern clade", which encompasses some, but not all, populations which were previously regarded as the subspecies hyacinthinus and undulatus of the wide-ranging undulatus. As with other members of the undulatus complex, the population boundaries of this species is currently defined by genetic data, which do not always agree with traditional concepts of taxonomy based on morphological or ecological variation (Jones & Lovich [eds.] 2009). Genetic research is still needed to clarify the exact limits of the distribution of this species. Distribution: USA (Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, D.C., West Virginia). Sceloporus undulatus © Rune Midtgaard Sceloporus unicanthalis Southwestern Bunchgrass Lizard Südwestlicher Gras-Stachelleguan Sydvestlig Græstornleguan 1937 Sceloporus scalaris unicanthalis Smith Sceloporus unicanthalis Grummer & Bryson 2014 Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Durango, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit). Sceloporus uniformis Yellow-backed Spiny Lizard Gelbrücken-Stachelleguan Gulrygget Tornleguan 1955 Sceloporus magister uniformis Phelan & Brattstrom Sceloporus uniformis Schulte, Macey & Papenfuss 2006 1955 Sceloporus magister transversus Phelan & Brattstrom (Schulte, Macey & Papenfuss 2006) Other common names: transversus: Barred Spiny Lizard Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of magister. Recognized as a separate species by Schulte, Macey & Papenfuss (2006), followed by others (e.g., Enderson & Bezy 2010), although Leaché & Mulcahy (2007) presented evidence in support of treating the two taxa as conspecific. Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah). Sceloporus utiformis West Mexican Large-scaled Spiny Lizard Westmexikanischer Grossschuppiger Stachelleguan Vestmexicansk Storskællet Tornleguan 1864 Sceloporus utiformis Cope Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Zacatecas). Sceloporus vandenburgianus Southern Sagebrush Lizard, (Van Denburgh's Pine Lizard) Südlicher Beifussleguan Sydlig Bynkeleguan 1896 Sceloporus vandenburgianus Cope Sceloporus graciosus vandenburgianus Camp 1916 Remarks: The phylogenetic analysis of Wiens & Reeder (1997) supported the specific recognition of vandenburgianus suggested by Collins (1991). Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte), USA (California). Sceloporus variabilis Southern Rose-bellied Lizard, (Common Rose-bellied Lizard) Südlicher Rosabaüchiger Stachelleguan Sydlig Rosabuget Tornleguan 1834 Sceloporus variabilis Wiegmann Tropidolepis variabilis Duméril & Bibron 1837 1852 Sceloporus delicatissimus Hallowell (Mather & Sites 1985) Remarks: Previously included marmoratus, olloporus, smithi and teapensis. Records from Belize refer to teapensis (Stafford & Meyer 2000). Records from El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica refer to olloporus (Smith, Pérez-Higareda & Chiszar 1993; Herrera, Henríquez & Greenbaum 2007). Although included for Jalisco by some authors (e.g., Auth, Smith, Brown & Lintz 2000; Cruz-Sáenz, Guerrero, Lazcano & Télles-López 2009), presence in the state is considered undocumented herein, following Cruz-Sáenz, Muñoz-Nolasco, Mata-Silva, Johnson, García-Padilla & Wilson (2017), who did not list the species for Jalisco. Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz). Sceloporus virgatus Striped Plateau Lizard Gestreifter Plateau-Stachelleguan Stribet Plateau-leguan 1938 Sceloporus undulatus virgatus Smith Sceloporus virgatus Cole 1963 Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora), USA (Arizona, New Mexico). Sceloporus woodi Florida Scrub Lizard Florida-Stachelleguan Florida-tornleguan 1918 Sceloporus woodi Stejneger Sceloporus undulatus woodi Burt 1935 Distribution: USA (Florida). Sceloporus zosteromus Baja California Spiny Lizard Niederkalifornischer Stachelleguan Baja California-tornleguan 1863 Sceloporus zosteromus Cope Sceloporus clarkii zosteromus Cope 1875 Sceloporus magister zosteromus Linsdale 1932 1882 Sceloporus rufidorsum Yarrow (Grismer & McGuire 1996) Sceloporus magister rufidorsum Linsdale 1932 1921 Sceloporus monserratensis Van Denburgh & Slevin (Grismer & McGuire 1996) Sceloporus magister monserratensis Smith 1939 Sceloporus zosteromus monserratensis Bell, Smith & Chiszar 2003 Other common names: monserratensis: Monserrat Island Spiny Lizard, Southern Spiny Lizard, Central Baja Spiny Lizard rufidorsum: Red-backed Spiny Lizard, Mexican Desert Spiny Lizard zosteromus: San Lucan Spiny Lizard Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte [incl. Isla Cedros], Baja California Sur).